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Note on conversion tables .............................. . Conversion table: length ................................ . Conversion table: area ................................... . Conversion table: volume ............................... . Conversion table: velocity .............................. . Conversion table: rate of flow ........................ . Conversion table: mass .................................. . Conversion table: pressure .............................. . Conversion table: energy ................................ . Conversion table: power ................................ . Conversion table: density ............................... . Some fundamental constants ........................... . Moisture content, density, etc. of pulps ........... ,. Formulae .................................................... . Base units of the International System .............. . Derived units of the International System .......... . S I prefixes .................................................. . Critical speed of mills .................................... . Testing-sieve series ........................................ . The periodic table ......................................... . The Greek alphabet ....................................... .
Conversion tables - explanatory notes In each of the conversion tables which follows, quantities in each horizontal line are equal when they are expressed in the unit defined at the top of their respective vertical columns. To convert from units of "x" to any other, the horizontal line containing unity in column "x" should be used. All values of other units in that line will be equal to 1 unit of "x".
In each tabulation where the number of units is equal to "n", the number of primary conversion factors required to calculate the remainder is equal to n-1. These primary or basic factors are in italics and marked with an asterisk and are, where possible, exact conversions, definitions of the unit or derived from two or more of these.
A list of the source conversion factors follows. The more obvious and well known, such as 12 inches = 1 Imperial foot, 1000 g = 1 kg, etc. are excluded.
An Imperial gallon is defined as 10 lbs of water and the accepted conversion into the metric system is 4,54609 litres. These conditions are only simultaneously possible at 22,17°e at which temperature the relative density of water is 0,997 763 7. Since this temperature is reasonably close to that of average plant solutions, it is assumed for both water and mercury in the pressure table. The relative density of mercury at this temperature is 13,540492. However, torr is defined as 1 mm of mercury at ooe (relative density 13,5951) and under standard gravitational force.
Table 1. Conversion table: length.
Miles Feet Kilo- Centi-
Nautical Statute metres Metres Yards Cape English Inches metres
x 10-' X 10-' 0,0002 X 10-4 x 10-4 X 10- 3 X 10- 3 0,128603 0,2 3,08647 ~ C .- 6,37755 6,47989 7,14286 6,47989 1,42857 1,73611 2,08333 2,28571 4,16667 6,47989 L'
0 0,323994 > v, x 10- 8 X 10- 8 X 10- 8 'x 10- 5 X 10-4 X 10-4 X 10- 3 X 10- 3 X 10- 2 X 10- 2 \0 tn
Original data For mining and metallurgical purposes Calculated data
TABLES AND FORMULAE
Table 7. Conversion table: pressure.
Kilo- Metres Pounds! Inches Feet mm of Atmos- grams! of square of of Kilo- mercury pheres Bars sq cm water' inch mercury' water' pascals (torr)t
Table 13. Formulae. The formulae in the following two tabulations can be used to derive any of five groups of variables defining a pulp or slurry, provided two are known.
M&Vp 1 2,7'VE(1-M) 1 V~. (l-M) 1 2,7.V~.M 1 ~ 1 1 1 l,7.M+1 1 l,7.M+1 1 l,7.M+1 1 l,7.M+1 1 1 I I I I I I
1065
...... o 0\ 0\
en ., '"' ~ ~ ~ ;a
S&W
8&P
8&Vp
Vs&W
Vs&P
Vs&Vp
W&P
W&Vp
P&Vp
VARIABLES TO BE DERIVED
s Vs W P Vp Pd Ls M
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 8+W 1 W I W I I 0,37.8 I I 8+W I 0,37.8+'01 I O,37.8+W I s I W+8
I I I I I I I 1 __ _ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I pip I 8 I I 0,37.8 I P - 8 I I P - 0,63.8 I P _ 0,63.8 I S - 1 I 1 - p-I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1----1
I I 0 37 8 I v -0 37 8 I v 0 63 8 I I 1 0,63.8 I YE _ ° 371 Vp - 0,37.8 I I I'· I P ,. I p+, • I I + Vp I 8 'I Vp + 0,63.8 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I. I I I I I I I I I 2,7. Vs + W I W I W I I 2,7. Vs I I I 2,7. Vs+W I Vs + W I Vs + W I 2,7. Vs I W+2, 7 .Vs I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I, I I I I I I I I PIP I 2 7. Vs I I 2,7. Vs I I P - 2,7. Vs I lP-I, 7. Vs I P _ 1,7. Vs I 2,7. Vs - 111 -~ I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 2 7 Vii V _ V 1 V +1 7 V 1 I 1 + 1,7. Vs I ~ I Vp - Vs 1 I ,. s I I pSI p ,. s I I Vp I 2,7. Vs I Vp + 1,7. Vs I
1 I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I p _ W I P - W I I 1 l,7.W + P I ~ 1 _W_ I Y!. I
I I 2,7 I I I 2,7 I 1,7. W+P I P - W I P I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 l,7.wl W I W I I 2,7.(Vp-W)1 Vp - W I 12 ,7.Vp-1,1W I I 2,7--VP12,7.(Vp_W) 12,7.Vp-1,7WI
1 I I 1 1 I 1 1 I I 1 I I 1 I I I I 12,7.(P-Vp) I P - Vp 1 2,7.Vp-P 1 I I -E 1 Vp-O,37.P 12,7.Vp - P I 1 1,7 1 1 , 7 I 1 ,7 1 I I Vp I P - Vp I 1 , 7 • P I I I I I I I I I I
I Pd = ~ Pd = ~ Ls = 1 _O,37.Pdl Ls = _M_ M = 2,7 - Pd M = ~
Ls +0,37 l,7.M+l Pd - 1 I 1 - M l,7.Pd 1 + Ls ---______ 1 _____ - __________ _
""' '" er <> -w
.." o
~ j;;' (1)
~ ()
o a 'S. c ~
~ to t""' tIj r:n
> a "Ij
o 10 $: C
~ tIj
TABLES AND FORMULAE
Table 14. Base units of the International System.
Quantity Name of unit Unit symbol
Length metre m Mass kilogram kg Time second s Electric current ampere A Temperature kelvin K Luminous intensity candela cd Amount of substance mole mol
Table 15. Derived units of the International System.
Quantity
Area Volume Frequency Density Velocity Angular velocity Acceleration Angular acceleration Volumetric flow rate Force Surface tension
Pressure
Viscosity, dynamic
Viscosity, kinematic Work, torque, energy,
quantity of heat Power, heat flux Heat flux density V olumetric heat release rate
Name of unit
Square metre eu bic metre Hertz Kilogram per cubic metre Metre per second Radian per second Metre per second squared Radian per second squares Cubic metre per second Newton Newton per metre,
joule per square metre Newton per square metre,
pascal Newton-second per square
metre, pascal. second Metre squared per second 1oule, newton-metre,
watt-second Watt, joule per second Watt per square metre Watt per cubic metre
Unit symbol, where
different from basic form
Hz
N
1,N.m,W.s W,1Is- 1
W m- 2
W m- 3
U nit expressed in terms of
base or supplementary
units
m2
m3
S-I
kg m- 3
m S-I
rad S-I
m S-2
rad s-< m3 S-I
kg.m S-2
kg m 2 S-2
kg m2 S-3
kg S-3
kg rn-I S-3
1067
TABLES AND FORMULAE
Table 16. SI prefixes.
Factor Factor in words
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 or 1018 trillion 1 000 000 000 0,00 000 or 1015 billiard 1 000 000 000 000 or 1012 billion 1 000000000 or 109 milliard 1000000 or 106 million 1 000 or 103 thousand 100 or 10' hundred 10 or 101 ten 0,1 or 10- 1 tenth 0,01 or 10-' hundredth 0,001 of 10- 3 thousandth 0,000001 or 10- 6 millionth 0,000000000001 or 10- 9 milliardth 0,000000000001 or 10- 12 billionth 0,000000000000001 or 10- 15 billiardth 0,000000000000000001 or 10- 18 trillionth
Table 17. Critical speed of mills.
General formula
Critical speed = ±
where g D
Specific formula
9,80665 m S-2
diameter in metres
Critical speed = -42,29.D-V' Lp.m.
1068
SI prefix SI symbol
exa- E peta- P tera- T giga- G mega- M kilo- k hecto- h deca- da deci- d centi- c milli- m micro- /-' nano- n pico- p femto- f atto- a
The letters of the Greek alphabet, frequently used in technical terms, are given hece for pur-poses of convenient reference.
A Cl! alpha a N v nu n B (3 beta b Z ~ xi x r )' gamma g 0 0 omicron 0
d 0 delta d IT 71' pi p E epsIlon e P p rho rh, r Z I zeta z 1": (J, sigma s H '1 eta e T T tau e (){} theta th T v upsIlon ii I iota i <I> <P phi ph K K kappa k X x chi kh A A lambda I 'l' if! psi ps M J1- mu m fl w omega 0