1042009 Know your numbers · 2019-07-01 · Know Your Numbers ™ A Guide to Better Diabetes Management This material is copyrighted by Bayer HealthCare LLC and is intended solely
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Know Your Numbers™ A Guide to BetterDiabetes Management
This material is copyrighted by Bayer HealthCare LLC and is intended solely for use in the “Know Your™” Series educational programs supported by Bayer HealthCare in the United States and Canada. Unauthorized use of this material without the express written consent of Bayer HealthCare, Diabetes Care is forbidden.
Post-meal glucose <140 mg/dL <180 mg/dL2-hours after start of meal2-hours after start of meal
A1C <6.5% <7%
American College of Endocrinology (ACE). Consensus statement for glycemic control.Endocrine Pract 2002;8 (Suppl 1); 5-11.American Diabetes Association (ADA). Clinical Practice Recommendations.Diabetes Care. 2007;30 (Suppl 1); S4-S41.
� Follow your meal plan� Follow your exercise plan� Take your medications as prescribed� Know Your Numbers!Know Your Numbers!� Get all required tests� Monitor your blood glucose frequently
Get All Required Tests
Every visit Weight, blood pressure, andfoot examination
Every 3-6 months A1C – Every 3 months:Initial, poor control, orchanges in therapyA1C – Every 6 months:A1C – Every 6 months:If control is stable
Dental Exam –Every 6 months
Every year Eye examination, lipid levels,microalbumin, andcomprehensive foot exam
Monitor Your Blood Glucose Frequently
� Gain immediate information about how you are doing
� Monitor the effect of changes in lifestyle and medication adjustments
� Relate symptoms of high and low blood glucose with blood glucose test resultsblood glucose test results
7-Day Trends in Blood Glucose LevelsRecommended Testing Pattern
What To Do With Your Numbers
� Meet with your diabetes healthcare provider� Identify any patterns that may need attention� Review all your numbers� Blood Glucose
� Identify missing numbers and arrange to have laboratory test(s) performed
Summary
� Good diabetes control matters!
� Good control involves proper use of lifestyle tools and medications
� Regular and frequent monitoring of all aspects of diabetes is essential to good controldiabetes is essential to good control
� Meet with your healthcare professional regularly to evaluate your treatment program
Know Your Options™ Living an Uncomplicated Life with Diabetes
This material is copyrighted by Bayer HealthCare LLC and is intended solely for use in the “Know Your™” Series educational programs supported by Bayer HealthCare in the United States and Canada. Unauthorized use of this material without the express written consent of Bayer HealthCare, Diabetes Care is forbidden.
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Diabetes Complications are Not Inevitable!
� Over the years if you do not control yourblood sugar, complications can occur� Keeping your blood sugar within recommended guidelines can prevent recommended guidelines can prevent and/or reduce complications� Best way to assess control� Must be performed daily to affect control
� Results can be applied to adjustmedications, nutrition and physical activity
� “Know Your Numbers”
Small Vessel Complications
Large Vessel Complications
Eye Disease
� Retinopathy is damage to the back of the eye (retina)
� Usually occurs in people that have diabetes for over 5 years
First signs are blurry vision� First signs are blurry vision
� Glaucoma and Cataracts are seen in people with diabetes
� Need to get an eye exam every year by an Ophthalmologist
Treatment of Eye Disease
� Laser Therapy� Scatter Photocoagulation
� Focal Photocoagulation
� Surgery
Tips to Prevent Eye Problems
� Keep your blood sugar as close to normal as possible� Control your blood pressure� Quit smoking� See your eye specialist � See your eye specialist (Ophthalmologist) once a year� See your doctor immediately if:� Your eyes hurt or become red� Blurred vision or spots� Trouble reading books or signs� Your peripheral vision
(vision on the side) is not the same
Types of Skin Conditions
� Bacterial infections
� Fungal infections
� Dry skin/itching
� Scaly patches or brown spots
Types of Skin Conditions, continued
� Allergic reactions due todiabetes medications
� Xanthomatosis
� Acanthosis Nigricans
Tips for “Good” Skin Care
� Keep your blood sugar under control
� Keep skin clean and dry
� Avoid “hot” baths and showers
Moisturize on a daily basis� Moisturize on a daily basis
� Treat cuts right away
� See a Dermatologist if you have any problems with your skin
Foot Care
� Inadequate foot care can lead to amputation� Foot problems are due to:
Lack of sensation� Lack of sensation
� Poor circulation
� Important to seea Podiatrist on a regular basis
Suggestions for “Good” Foot Care
� Examine feet daily
� Wash and dry feet thoroughly
� Cut toenails straight across
� Avoid self-treatment of corns Avoid self-treatment of corns and calluses
� Wear cotton socks
� Inspect shoes for foreign objects
� See a Podiatrist on a regular basis
Dental Care
� People with diabetes have an increased risk for gum disease and cavity formation� The warning signs of � The warning signs of gum disease are:� Bleeding gums when
� Brushing and flossing are the best way to prevent gum disease
� See your Dentist on a regular basis
� Tell your Dentist you have � Tell your Dentist you have diabetes
� Take your usual medications before your dental visit
� Make sure you are able to get your normal amount of daily calories. Plan ahead
What is Depression?
� Depression comes from a change in
the chemical functioning of the brain
� Depression can be triggered by stress,
difficult life events, environment,difficult life events, environment,
medications
� Depression affects your ability to
function in day to day life
Diabetes and Depression
� Diabetes doubles the risk of being depressed� Depression may be due to stressDepression can lead to:� Depression can lead to:� Poorer physical and
mental functioning� Not following your meal plan
or exercise routine which can lead to weight gain� Not taking your medications
as prescribed
What Causes Depression in Diabetes
� Depression is caused by a number of factors; physical, psychological and genetic� Everyone reacts differently to stressful events. Just finding out you have diabetes can be stressfulcan be stressful� People with diabetes may have depression due to:� Worrying about long term complications� Effect of their diabetes on daily life� Effect of diabetes on their work environment� Remembering the damaging effects of diabetes
on relatives and/or friends
Symptoms of Depression
� People with “true” depression have symptoms that occur almost every day� Symptoms include:� Prolonged sadness/feeling down� Irritability, anger, worry, anxiety� Irritability, anger, worry, anxiety� Tired� Feeling guilty, worthlessness� Weight loss or gain� Trouble sleeping� Thinking about death or suicide
Treatment of Depression in Diabetes
� Important to see a trained mental health professional for counseling
� May need antidepressant medicationsmedications
� Effective treatment of depression has been shown to improve diabetes control
� St. John’s Wort can cause drug interactions
Erectile Dysfunction or Impotence?
� Erectile Dysfunction describes:� Difficulty getting or maintaining an erection
How does stress affect � How does stress affect diabetes and vice versa?� Increase blood glucose
and ketones� Some people actually
have a decrease in blood glucose initially
Coping and Stress Management
� Coping is how each of us respond to a stressful situation� There are certain questions that you need to ask yourself� Strategies and Coping Skills� Different for everyone
� Good strategies – help us to maintain control and feel less tense, relaxed
� Bad strategies – make you feel tired, angry, sick, tense
Important Factors in Coping
� Having enough information� Write down what causes stress and
anxiety in your life
� Feeling in control� Do fewer things better� Do not over commit� Avoid stressful situations
� Having the support of others� Family and friends� Support groups – talk with other
people who have diabetes� Healthcare team – social worker, Psychologist
Schedule Regular Visits With YourHealthcare Team
� Every Day:� Check blood glucose
at home
Every Visit:
� Every Year:� Blood lipid test
� Dilated eye exam
Test for urine protein� Every Visit:� Blood pressure
� Foot exam
� Every 3 months:� A1C
� Weight
� Test for urine protein
� Flu shot and other vaccinations
� Dental checkup
Conclusion
� Managing your blood sugar and keeping it under control can decrease your risk of complications
� Many of the complications of diabetes can be prevented by understanding more about foot, skin and dental care,strategies to cope with stressful situations and making the right lifestyle choices
� Working closely with your healthcare team is crucial
You Can “Live An Uncomplicated Life With Diabetes”