1022097 - Records Collections

SDMS Document ID

1022097

6.0 UPPER ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN DOWNSTREAM OF THE 11-MILE REACH

Consistent with the Work Plan and the Scope of Work, this chapter reviews the existing literature

and data sources in order to examine the adequacy of information available for assessing potential natural

resource injuries for the upper Arkansas River downstream of the 11-mile reach (Downstream Area). The

Downstream Area is defined as the 500-year floodplain below the 11-mile reach, beginning with the

confluence of Two-Bit Gulch and continuing for 125 miles to and including Pueblo Reservoir (Figure 6-

1).

To accomplish the above-stated objectives, the consulting team developed the following

questions about the data in each resource category that would ultimately allow them to make a

determination about whether more data might be necessary:

• How much data are available, including spatial and temporal coverages?

• Is additional information needed in order to make a determination about (1) injury

characterization, and/or (2) restoration planning?

• If yes to the above question, then what are the types, amounts, and costs of data required

to make a determination about injury characterization and restoration planning?

The information/data were compiled, reviewed, and evaluated in detail with these questions in

mind. Responses to the above questions reflect the consensus views of the consulting team and are based

upon the information reviewed, as well as on the experience of the team. Using such an approach it is

possible to evaluate whether more data might be of use in making informed decisions about the

Downstream Area. In assessing if more data are needed, the consulting team considered the formal

definitions of what constitutes injury under the Department of Interior Natural Resource Damage

Assessment regulations.

In consideration of the high level of review that had occurred, the MOU Parties requested that

this chapter also present a characterization of the conditions of the Downstream Area resources and an

identification of any injuries that may be attributable to mine-waste. The characterization follows the

approach utilized for the 11-mile reach. Given this additional request, the text has been divided to

provide an overview of the levels of information available and the relevance of that information to

determining injury. This section is followed by a more detailed discussion of that information as it relates

to a characterization of injury. A matrix summarizing findings with regard to injury for the Downstream

Area is presented at the end of this chapter.

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Based on the characterization for the 11-mile reach, surface water was identified as the

fundamental contaminant transport mechanism and exposure pathway for the Downstream Area. The

Downstream Area of the Arkansas River undergoes significant physical and chemical changes from the

bottom of the 11-mile reach to Pueblo Reservoir. The obvious impacts associated with deposition of

historic mine-waste, diminish over this same distance. The river system is influenced by changes in

climate, geology, land-use and resource management. These changes affect water quality characteristics,

flow regimes, and river morphology. In turn, the biological communities and their condition can be

different based on these characteristics alone, making it difficult to determine what, if any, natural

resource injury has occurred as a result of exposure to metals. There are also major changes in the

geomorphology of the river that could influence how mine-wastes are distributed.

6.1 Adequacy of Available Information

The following generally describes the nature and extent of information available to characterize

conditions and potential injuries for the natural resources comprising the Downstream Area. The range of

information for each resource category was reviewed relative to the Work Plan objectives and specific

questions discussed above. Additional supporting information (including specific study/data references)

is presented on a reach-by-reach basis in Section 6.2 in conjunction with a characterization of injury.

Surface Water Resources

Review of the literature and the electronically compiled data shows that a substantial amount of

surface water quality data are available for most reaches in the Downstream Area. The data were

determined to be sufficient to characterize the level of natural resource injury. The review indicates that

the data are well distributed spatially and temporally, including before and after treatment at the Yak

Tunnel and LMDT. Most importantly, sufficient data exists to assess conditions of the surface water

within the last few years. Data are available from both the seasonal high and low flow periods at many of

the reaches. While the data over the 125-mile section of the Downstream Area are not as extensive as

those for the 11-mile reach, the level of resolution provided is consistent with major changes in flow rates

and setting.

Available historical and recent data were compared to Colorado's TVSs for the Arkansas River.

This comparison showed exceedances of the TVSs for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc within the

Downstream Area, which defines a natural resource injury based on the regulations. On average,

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concentrations of dissolved metals decrease from Leadville to Pueblo Reservoir, with the majority of TVS

exceedances occurring primarily upstream of Lake Creek and prior to the treatment of mine drainage in

the Leadville area. It is evident that median concentrations of most metals have decreased significantly

since water treatment began. More recent exceedances of TVSs are infrequent and of a lower magnitude

than historical exceedances. Comparison of the recent data against the State's TVSs provides a

conservative estimate of the potential for aquatic community-level effects. This comparison to the TVSs

along with current biological conditions and further comparision to Reach 0, suggests that acute toxicity

is not occurring in the 125-mile Downstream Area. Based on review of both sediment and water quality

studies, it appears that the most significant source of metals (primarily cadmium, copper, iron, lead,

manganese, and zinc) to the Upper Arkansas River has been, and continues to be, the Leadville Mining

District. Current levels of dissolved metals in the Downstream Area can primarily be related to water

quality in California Gulch.

As stated above, the record of water quality data spans the dynamics of high and low flows across

several years. Some reaches contain more data than others. Comparisons between data sets for upstream

and downstream locations were conducted to observe if changes in water quality occurred within

intermediate reaches. Given the amount of data, as well as its spatial and temporal resolution, it is not

expected that additional surface water quality data would provide any new or different information than

those already available for the purpose of injury determination. Likewise, additional information for

water quality is not expected to provide new thoughts on how restoration might need to proceed. Based

on this evaluation, no additional surface water quality data are recommended for collection to assess

injury or for restoration planning in the Downstream Area.

Sediment Resources

Spatially, the coverage of sediment quality data for the 125-mile Downstream Area is adequate

considering the large distance. Kimball et al. (1995) sampled twice (fall 1988 and spring 1989) at 12 sites

from downstream of the 11-mile reach to just upstream of Canon City. Church etal. (1994) collected

several sediment quality samples during February 1994, including 15 samples from the end of the 11-mile

reach to Pueblo Reservoir. McCulley Frick and Oilman, Inc. (1990) collected 10 samples on one

occasion during April 1989, ranging from the bottom of the 11-mile reach to Florence. Ruse (2000)

sampled one time during fall 1989, sampling 11 sites from the bottom of the 11-mile reach to Portland.

Based on the review of available sediment quality data, the locations where samples were collected

suggest that spatially, a reasonable amount of sediment quality data are available, while temporally, the

amount of data are more limited. More recent sediment quality data (e.g., within the last two years) were

not found. However, the temporal span of the data brackets the period before and after treatment at the

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Yak Tunnel and LMDT, which has been shown to be an important transition in the basin relative to

changes in metals concentrations (Figure 6-2). Generally, sediment metal concentrations show decreasing

trends from upstream to downstream. With respect to Reach 0, concentrations are elevated for most of

the metals to about Reach 6 and from there through Reaches 7 and 8, only zinc is elevated above those

concentrations in Reach 0. By Reach 9, all four metals concentrations in sediments are lower than those

observed in Reach 0.

Kimball et al. (1995) data provide evidence that the current sediment quality is largely a function

of colloidal deposition and resuspension and can therefore be tied to current water quality. California

Gulch is currently the largest source of metals, and sources in that drainage have not yet been fully

remediated. Clearly, mine-wastes have been transported to and within the river to varying downstream

locations, but most all of these (i.e., identifiable deposits) are located within the 11-mile reach (URS

1998). However, overall (and particularly above Canon City), the Arkansas River is a low sediment-

transport system.

Evaluation of available sediment data in terms of their usefulness for defining injury is not as

straightforward as for surface water. Although the regulations do not provide numerical criteria, sediment

concentrations found in the control area (Reach 0) provide a point of reference. However, in a setting like

the Arkansas River, consideration must be given to the fact that large portions of the system with the

greatest potential for elevated sediment concentrations are of high gradient and have limited capacity to

store sediment; therefore, the .importance of this pathway is limited. The work of Kimball et al. (1995)

and others is another consideration when evaluating the need for additional sediment data. It is important

to recognize that future sediment contamination is more likely a function of water quality rather than

erosion of any mine-wastes within and below the 11-mile reach. Releases of metals from the California

Gulch Superfund Site will have the greatest influence on future sediment concentrations.

Correspondingly, water quality monitoring within the 11-mile reach would provide the greatest level of

information on downstream sediment injury potential, as well as on the need for restoration. Given the

present amount of information and its utility in assessing injury and planning for restoration, no additional

sediment quality data are needed.

Groundwater Resources

Limited data were found in the open literature and in the compiled electronic database. Thus, the

spatial and temporal coverages of data are sparse. The Safe Drinking Water Information System

(SDWIS) database contains information that States must report to USEPA as required by the Safe

Drinking Water Act. These requirements take three forms: maximum contaminant levels (the maximum


level of a specific contaminant that can occur in drinking water), treatment techniques (specific methods

facilities must follow to remove certain contaminants), and monitoring and reporting requirements

(schedules utilities must follow to report testing results). States report any violations of these three types

to USEPA.

Based on knowledge of the hydrology of the 11-mile reach, the lack of significant mine-waste

deposits downstream, and the fact that drinking water supply wells within the 11-mile reach meet MCLs,

groundwater is not a concern for injury in the Downstream Area. The SDWIS database along with

information from the 11-mile reach confirms that groundwater resources have not been injured.

Groundwater data may also be available from other regulatory programs, such as the CERCLA smelter

sites in Salida and Canon City. However, it is not expected that these or any other additional data are

needed for injury determination or restoration planning.

Geologic Resources

The BLM sampled soils in the Downstream Area in July 2000 along transects at 18 separate

locations (Figure 6-3). Total metal concentrations were determined for lead and zinc at all sites and for

cadmium and copper for a subset of these sites. Plant-available metal concentrations were not determined

for soils in the Downstream Area. However, total metal concentration is below levels of concern. The

BLM soils data are limited spatially, since only 18 locations were sampled along 125 miles of river

between Two-Bit Gulch and Pueblo Reservoir. However, it is unlikely that additional soil sampling

would yield different results. Additional soils data are therefore not needed for injury assessment or

restoration planning, except where mine-waste deposits occur in Reach 5.

Vegetation

There are no spatial or temporal data for vegetation. For similar reasons as stated for wildlife

below, there is no realistic concern about injury to this resource. The limited areas for recent deposition

of mine-waste indicate that the potential for storage of metals-enriched soils/sediments is low, hence no

significant pathway for metals transfer to vegetation exists. Additional information is not required for

injury determination or restoration planning.

Benthic Macroinvertebrates

There are no individual macroinvertebrate surveys for the Downstream Area that are both

spatially and temporally comprehensive. The available studies either focus on long term data from a

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specific station (e.g., station AR-8 in Buena Vista) or were conducted at numerous locations over a

limited time period. Long term monitoring at station AR-8 (Reach 6) near Buena Vista showed dramatic

improvements in benthic macroinvertebrate communities over the past 10 years, corresponding to

significant reductions in metal concentrations (Clements et al. 2002). These data suggest that injury to

benthic macroinvertebrates occurred in the past, but that the system has since recovered with

improvements in water quality. Recent surveys show that community composition and abundance of

sensitive species in Reach 6 are similar to those observed in Reach 0, the control area. Because this

station is located at the upper end of the Downstream Area, it is unlikely that additional monitoring would

detect significant impacts further downstream.

Although several spatially extensive surveys conducted in the Downstream Area showed

differences in community composition as far downstream as Salida, these differences are unlikely due to

metals exposure. Compared to the 11-mile reach, spatially and temporally extensive benthic

macroinvertebrate data in the Downstream Area are limited. Despite these limited data, additional

benthic macroinvertebrate monitoring in the Downstream Area is not required to further define injury or

plan for restoration.

Fish

There are fish population data for various sites in the Downstream Area dating back to 1981, but

not all stations have been sampled consistently, making it difficult to evaluate temporal trends. The most

consistent fish population data have been collected at the Wellsville station below Salida. Evaluation of

population data for the Wellsville station does not show statistically significant differences in total

biomass relative to control values both "before" and "after" water treatment. However, comparisons

among age classes were not done, and further analyses of existing data may be warranted. Based on the

improvements seen in water quality and the potentially confounding influence of regulated flows and

other factors, collecting additional fish population or community data in the Downstream Area would not

be helpful for injury characterization or restoration planning. A general understanding of the ongoing

potential for injury to fish can be derived from comparisons of water quality data to toxicity values from

the published literature. From a restoration perspective, it is quite clear that addressing the large issues of

source control in California Gulch would have the largest potential for restoration benefits in the

Downstream Area.


Wildlife Resources

Assessment of the existing literature revealed that two bird studies have been conducted for the

Downstream Area. Both studies focused on evaluating metals exposure and potential injury. The tree

swallow study data shows that the birds are being exposed to lead and that ALAD suppression is

occurring, but not to the extent of defined injury. Based on ALAD suppression, injury was documented

in American dippers from Balltown to Granite. At all other sites downstream of Granite, ALAD

suppression is occurring but not to the extent of defined injury.

At present, the only substantive wildlife data available are for birds. Spatially, there is enough

data to define the effect of metals on birds in the Downstream Area. There are one to three years worth of

data, which are expected to be adequate for characterizing current injuries. Based on more detailed

sampling within and above the 11-mile reach, injury to the most sensitive species such as dippers can be

linked to water quality. Additional exposure data would not be more helpful for injury determination or

restoration planning.

No mammalian toxicological data are presently available in the Downstream Area. In addition,

very little data exists that could be used to determine possible exposure and the potential for injures using

a risk-based approach (i.e., soils and vegetation). Additional data are not necessary to assess potential

injury due to the fact that potential for injury in the 11-mile reach is linked to the presence of mine-waste

deposits. The Downstream Area has a lower potential for injury to wildlife resources based on its

distance from the primary source area in Leadville, limited areas of deposition, and diminishing

concentrations in media of concern.

There are many sources of information that are relevant to characterizing the past and present

level of injury in the Downstream Area. As would be expected, the spatial and temporal coverages of the

data vary between resources. Knowledge gained through a detailed characterization of the 11-mile reach

and upstream areas helps to put the question of injury in the Downstream Area into perspective.

Available information for the 11-mile reach indicates that, other than in discrete areas where relatively

undiluted mine-waste deposits have resulted in high floodplain soil/sediment metals concentrations, the

primary potential for injury is to the aquatic system. Absence of significant deposits of mine-waste in the

Downstream Area limits the potential for injury beyond the aquatic system. Available information

indicates that present injuries within the aquatic system would most likely be linked to metals emanating

from the California Gulch Superfund Site and that dilution and attenuation greatly limit the potential for

injury below the confluence with Lake Creek. Therefore, although additional detailed studies in the

Downstream Area may provide some refinement as to the potential for injury, such information would not


enhance the level of understanding and would not be useful for restoration planning. For these reasons,

additional studies are not recommended. This view is also based on the practical perspective that for such

studies to be of any additional value, they would have to be conducted at a very fine spatial scale over

many years. Even then the ability to place such study results into the overall context of basin conditions

is questionable. The relationship of California Gulch to downstream water quality makes consideration of

long-term monitoring of water quality, a more insightful approach than near-term efforts focused on

defining the potential for a specific injury.

6.2 Characterization of Injury

This section presents a summary of the information available to characterize injury within the

Downstream Area. A determination of injury is first discussed by resource followed by an evaluation of

injury for that resource. Specific studies discussed in this chapter are cited throughout and a bibliography

that provides a complete listing of relevant information is included as Appendix A, Appendix Ci and

Appendix C^.

Approach

This characterization was conducted using the available literature as well as the composite of

chemical and physical data to assess the nature and extent of contamination. Correspondingly, this

characterization builds upon the detailed base of knowledge developed for the 11-mile reach. In terms of

injury to natural resources, information on downstream conditions is considered in conjunction with

findings of injury and the cause of any injuries within the 11-mile reach. Within the 11-mile reach, the

primary cause of any identified injuries are poor water quality attributable to metals from upstream (e.g.,

California Gulch) and fluvial mine-waste deposits. These causes diminish with distance downstream

within and below the 11-mile reach. Consistent with these findings, the primary focus for the

Downstream Area is on water quality and the presence of fluvial mine-waste deposits. These two

resource characteristics provide a fundamental means of assessing the potential for downstream injury.

However, as discussed in the following text, information on related biological resources are considered.

Given the differences in setting, Pueblo Reservoir is discussed separately.

In order to better understand the various environmental settings and flow regimes along the length

of the UARB and as a means of recognizing the areas with larger potential for injury, the geomorphology

of the river was characterized. The characterization focuses on identifying changes in stream flow and

the morphology types that have the highest potential for storing sediments and mine-wastes (i.e.,


significant depositional areas). This approach is based on the findings for the 11-mile reach, where

metals loading from upstream sources and fluvial mine-waste deposits were identified as the primary

pathway for injury. At the same time, the existing literature and supporting data were evaluated by

natural resource category, paying special attention to water quality and aquatic biological resources.

To better characterize surface water quality (cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc concentrations) in

the Downstream Area, the river was divided into reaches based on major changes in hydrology and

geomorphology (Figure 6-1). Based on these attributes, the following reaches were defined:

• Reach 5 - Reach 5 extends from the confluence of Two-Bit Gulch, which is the

downstream limit of the 11-mile reach, to the confluence of Lake Creek. Lake Creek

delivers a large amount of trans-basin water to the Arkansas River. The river in Reach 5is in a narrow valley that is flanked by high terraces.

• Reach 6 - Reach 6 extends from the junction of Lake Creek to the junction of ChalkCreek at the upstream extent of Browns Canyon. The upstream limit of this reach isdetermined by the large discharge contributions from Lake Creek, and the downstreamlimit is based upon the geomorphic change from open valley with terraces to a canyon.

From the Lake Creek confluence to Princeton (Harvard Lakes quadrangle), the river is ina canyon, but from Princeton to Chalk Creek, it flows in an open valley with terraces.

• Reach 7 - Reach 7 extends from Chalk Creek to the junction of the South Fork ArkansasRiver. The upstream limit is determined by the geomorphic control of Browns Canyon,and the downstream limit is determined by the discharge contribution of South ForkArkansas River. The river is in a deep canyon (Browns Canyon) from about 2 milessouth of Chalk Creek to about Browns Canyon (Salida West quadrangle), where it is

confined by terraces to about Squaw Creek, where it then flows in an open valley with afloodplain to Salida and to the confluence of South Fork Arkansas River.

• Reach 8 - Reach 8 extends from the confluence of the South Fork Arkansas River toCanon City. The reach is primarily a canyon composed of the Arkansas River and Royal

Gorge, but the valley widens at Wellsville, between Howard and Coaldale and atParkdale. In the wide sections, the river is flanked by terraces.

• Reach 9 - Reach 9 extends from Canon City to Pueblo Reservoir. This reach ischaracterized by an open valley with a floodplain. The change from canyon to openvalley at Canon City is dramatic.

• Reach 10 -Pueblo Reservoir including the Arkansas River downstream of the reservoir

to approximately 1.5 miles downstream of Pueblo Dam. (This additional area was


included due to the limited amount of data found for the reservoir and to assess if metals

appear to be transported from the reservoir.)

Using the surface water data compiled into the database and the reaches described above,

summary statistics and graphics were developed to aid in assessing the temporal and spatial trends.

6.3 Geomorphology

The morphology of the Downstream Area is highly variable over it's 125-mile length. However,

based upon study of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic maps, soil survey maps (Wheeler et al.

1995; Fletcher 1975), and field observations, it was possible to identify different valley types for which a

characterization could be made of the potential for mine-waste storage in each. The river flows through

three diverse valley types:

1. Canyons (Browns Canyon, Arkansas River Canyon, and Royal Gorge);

2. Open valleys with high terraces (north and south of Buena Vista); and

3. Open valleys with floodplains (downstream of Canon City) (the 11-mile reach is of this

type).

Available information and field observations indicate the following:

• Canyons: Resistant bedrock is the dominant factor controlling channel characteristics in

the canyons. Nevertheless, the channel may be flanked by a narrow high terrace and a

low discontinuous bench, and vegetated islands may be present in the channel. However,

the confined channel is an efficient conduit of sand-size and finer sediment, and the

potential for mine-waste storage is low. Of the approximately 125 miles of the

Downstream Area, about 47 miles or 38 percent of linear channel is canyon-bound.

Canyon valley types were identified in the Downstream Area at the following locations:

- Granite Quadrangle, downstream from 1 mile below Kobe;

- South Peak Quadrangle;

- Nathrop Quadrangle, Browns Canyon Quadrangle;

- Salida East Quadrangle, from Cleora downstream;

Howard Quadrangle, downstream to T49N, R10E, Sec 34;

- Cotopaxi Quadrangle, downstream from Gobblers Knob;

Arkansas Mountain Quadrangle;

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- Echo Quadrangle, downstream from 1 mile below Texas Creek;

- Mclntyre Hills Quadrangle, downstream to Parkdale Siding; and

- Royal Gorge Quadrangle.

• Open Valleys with High Terraces: Canyons lead to broad basins, which contain alluvium

that forms high terraces that confine the river. As in the canyons, discontinuous benches

and islands formed of modern alluvium exist. However, the confined channel is an

efficient conduit of sand and finer sediments, and the potential for mine-waste storage is

low. Of the approximately 125 miles of channel in the Downstream Area, about 45 miles

or 36 percent of linear channel is confined by high terraces. Locations where high

terraces are present are identified below:

- Harvard Lake Quadrangle;

- Buena Vista West Quadrangle;

- Buena Vista East Quadrangle, downstream to T145, R78W, Sec 33;

- Nathrop Quadrangle, downstream to Browns Canyon;

Salida West Quadrangle, downstream to T50N, R8E, Sec 22;

- Salida East Quadrangle, downstream to Cleora;

Howard Quadrangle, downstream from T49N R10E Sec 34;

Coaldale Quadrangle;

- Cotopaxi to Cobblers Knob Quadrangle;

- Echo Quadrangle, downstream to 1 mile below Texas Creek;

- Mclntyre Hills Quadrangle, downstream of Parkdale Siding; and

- Royal Gorge Quadrangle, downstream to Parkdale.

• Open Valleys with Floodplains: In open valleys, where the channel has a floodplain and

the potential for mine-waste storage is high, the channel is adjustable and capable of

shifting laterally. Locations where floodplains are present are identified below:

Buena Vista East Quadrangle, T14S, R78W, Sees. 33, 34 and T15S, R78W, Sees.

4,3;

Salida West Quadrangle from T50N, R8E, Sec. 22 downstream;

- Canon City Quadrangle;

- Florence Quadrangle;

Pierce Gulch Quadrangle; and

- Hobson Quadrangle.

As described above, of the approximately 125 miles of channel in the Downstream Area, about 33 miles

or 26 percent of the distance has a potential for mine-waste storage. These areas include:


• A 1.6-mile reach downstream of Buena Vista;• A 5-mile reach upstream of Salida; and• Downstream of Canon City into Pueblo Reservoir.

The potential for mine-waste storage is greatest in the lower downstream portion of the 125-mile

reach, including Pueblo Reservoir. With the exception of approximately 1.6 miles of river downstream of

Buena Vista and approximately 5 miles of river upstream of Salida, mine-wastes released from the 11-

mile reach are most likely flushed through the canyon- and terrace-bound reaches of the river to the wide,

alluvial reach downstream of Canon City and to Pueblo Reservoir.

The significant areas of potential sediment (and mine-waste) storage are as follows (Figure 6-4):

Buena Vista East Quadrangle (Figure 6-5): T14S, R78W, Sec. 33; T15S, R78W, Sees. 3,

4 (Champion SWA - Cogan Property).

• Salida West Quadrangle (Figure 6-6): T50N, R8E, parts of Sees. 22, 23, 26, 25, 36, 31,32 (From Spiral Drive upstream for approximately 5 miles).

• Canon City Quadrangle (Figure 6-7): A narrow floodplain flanks the channel from

Canon City to the east.

• Florence Quadrangle (Figure 6-8): A narrow floodplain flanks the channel through

T19S, R69W, Sec. 9, 16, 15, 14. In Section 13, the floodplain widens significantly, and itcontinues to be wide across the Pierce Gulch and Hobson Quadrangles to the Pueblo

Reservoir.

6.4 Surface Water

According to NRDA regulations (43 CFR 11), surface water, suspended sediments, and bed,

bank, and shoreline sediments comprise the surface water natural resource. Although part of the surface

water resource, instream sediments are discussed separately. To the extent possible, water quality data

from the individual studies cited are included in the electronic database and are combined with the data

from other sources (e.g., STORET, CDPHE, and other state and regional data sources) to assess the

spatial attributes and temporal dynamics of the resource.

Summary statistics were calculated and are summarized in Tables 6-1 through 6-6 for dissolved

and total metals to assess the spatial and temporal trends of metals in Arkansas River surface waters.

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These summary statistics are divided by metal, form of the metal, reach, and flow condition. Metal

concentrations measured during Period 3 were used to assess recent conditions as well as to evaluate

injury potential to surface waters due to exceedances of TVSs. Based on this assessment, the following

trends emerged:

• When data from all time periods for a metal are considered, it appears that seasonal high

flows are accompanied by higher concentrations of metals in Reaches 5 to 9 than those

observed during low flows. When data from all time periods are considered, dissolvedcadmium, copper, and zinc show a steady decline in concentration from upstream to

downstream to Reach 8, followed by an increase in Reach 9. Dissolved lead decreasesfrom Reach 5 to 6, then it gradually increases from Reach 6 to 9.

• In contrast, when only Period 3 (1992-present) data are considered, all high-flow mean

concentrations show a steady decrease in concentration from Reaches 5 to 9.

• Based on the mean concentrations of metals, the frequency and magnitude of TVS

exceedances for all metals generally declines in the Downstream Area reaches when

compared to those exceedances observed in Reaches 1 to 4. No samples for any metalexceed their respective TVSs in Reach 9 upstream of Pueblo Reservoir during Period 3

(1992 to present) and, likewise, no exceedances occurred in the Reservoir after 1992.

Thus, it appears that the combination of attenuation, dilution due to tributary inflows,increased hardness that increases TVSs, and treatment at the Yak Tunnel and LMDT

have all positively affected the Upper Arkansas River.

6.4.1 Supporting Information

The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a water quality assessment of the Arkansas River Basin

that described spatial and temporal variations in water quality during the period 1990-1993 (Ortiz et al.

1998). The data for this assessment are reported separately in Dash and Ortiz (1996). They collected

water quality data between the LMDT and Pueblo Reservoir at 10 mainstem sites, 12 tributaries, and 2

mine drainage sites. Samples were analyzed for dissolved solids, major ions, trace elements, nutrients,

and suspended sediments. Based on previous water quality data, they selected cadmium, copper, iron,

lead, manganese, and zinc as the primary trace elements of concern. In addition, water samples collected

five times at four sites were analyzed for arsenic, chromium, mercury, nickel, selenium, and silver. The

investigators reported that drainage from abandoned mines and mine tailings was the primary cause of

elevated trace element concentrations in the Upper Arkansas River Basin. They concluded that dissolved

trace element concentrations in the upper basin generally decreased from Leadville to Portland.

Following the completion of the water treatment facilities at the LMDT and Yak Tunnel, a statistically

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significant decrease in concentrations of cadmium, copper, manganese, and zinc was observed at several

downstream mainstem sites. Tributaries sampled did not provide significant metals loads to the Arkansas

River. Water quality standards for trace elements were exceeded in several water samples, but the

majority of exceedances occurred prior to water treatment. Other studies reviewed reported water quality

data that generally supported the conclusion of Ortiz et al. (1998). They include Crouch et al. (1984),

McCulley, Frick and Oilman Inc. (1990), Wetherbee et al. (1991), Clark and Lewis (1997), and Ruse et

al. (2000).

Review of the available literature suggests the following:

• Cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, and zinc have been identified as exceeding

either acute or chronic aquatic life standards at one or more locations over the entire

period of record (Dash and Ortiz 1996; Ortiz et al. 1998).

• The Leadville Mining District is the primary source of metals affecting water quality and

sediments in the Downstream Area. While there are local sources contributing metals

loads to tributaries of the Arkansas River, none of the tributaries are currently a

significant source of metals to the mainstem (McCulley, Frick and Oilman Inc. 1990;

Church et al. 1994; Kimball et al. 1995; Ortiz et al.1998; Church et al. 2000).

• The majority of aquatic life water quality standard exceedances occurred prior to water

treatment at the LMDT and Yak tunnel (Dash and Ortiz 1996; Ortiz et al.1998).

• Partitioning of metals in the water column from the aqueous dissolved phase to

particulate phase actively occurs, especially within the first 10-20 miles downstream of

the 11-mile reach, thus decreasing the bioavailability of metals in the water column

(McCulley, Frick and Oilman Inc. 1990; Kimball et al. 1995).

• During high flow, colloids are resuspended and transported downstream and contribute to

the elevated dissolved metals concentrations observed during high flow and storm events.

Colloidal-size particles pass through the filter size, 0.45 urn, used for dissolved metals

samples, but they are not necessarily considered to be bioavailable (Kimball et al. 1995;

Ortiz et all998).

• When compared to aquatic life standards, arsenic, chromium, mercury, nickel, and

selenium do not occur in significant concentrations in the Downstream Area (Dash and

Ortiz 1996; Ortiz et al. 1998).

Review of the surface water data compiled in the database for the four metals for Reaches 5

through 9 are shown below (Tables 6-1 through 6-3).


JLV^Q ii ^

Given the small size of the reach, limited data are available. Available data were collected from

1975 to 1999 for all four metals from two stations. This represents all of the data available in the

database for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc regardless of the time period considered. Based on the

mean dissolved metal concentration data for all Periods combined, metals in Reach 5 remain higher than

in the downstream reaches, yet generally remained similar or decreased in concentration compared to

upstream concentrations (measured in Reach 3).

During Period 3, mean concentrations of all dissolved metals were greater during high flow

relative to low flow concentrations. Dissolved cadmium exceeded the TVSs only once during high flow,

and dissolved copper exceeded the chronic TVS in this reach once during low flow. Lead exceeded the

chronic TVS during high flow only, while zinc exceeded acute TVSs during both high and low flows.

Compared to Reach 0 during Period 3, mean dissolved cadmium was lower, copper and lead were slightly

elevated, and zinc was considerably higher in Reach 5 during both flow conditions.

Reach 6

Water quality data were abundant for Reach 6. Almost all the data available in the database for

cadmium, copper, and lead were collected between 1986 and 2000. Zinc data were found as far back as

1968, extending to 2000. A small amount of data are available from 1968 to 1975 and the concentrations

are variable, whereas the largest proportion of the data for zinc were collected between 1986 and 1999.

While no clear trends are observable for zinc, the highest zinc concentrations were collected in 1968-

1969.

Across all time periods and flow conditions, dissolved cadmium, copper, and lead averaged less

than concentrations measured in Reach 5, while zinc averaged slightly greater in Reach 6 relative to

Reach 5.

During Period 3, dissolved concentrations of all four metals exceeded TVSs during both high and

low flows. Copper and lead primarily exceeded the acute TVSs, while cadmium and zinc exceeded the

acute TVSs during high and low flows. Compared to Reach 0 mean dissolved metals concentrations

during Period 3, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc were lower in Reach 6 during both flow conditions.

Due to inflows from Lake Creek, hardness is reduced during both high and low flows relative to the

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\SCR_currcntl.doc 6-15

higher hardness values observed in Reach 0 and other upstream reaches, which results in lower TVSs in

Reach 6.

Reach 7

Across all time periods and flow conditions, data for cadmium, copper, and lead were collected

primarily from 1986 to 2000, while for zinc the same time span applies with additional samples being

collected 1968, 1969, and 1975. Considering all the data, mean dissolved cadmium, copper and lead were

slightly higher in Reach 7 compared to Reach 6, while zinc was slightly lower.

During Period 3, dissolved concentrations of copper, lead, and zinc exceeded TVSs during both

high and low flows on more than one occasion. Cadmium exceeded the TVSs only once during low

flows. Copper exceeded the acute TVSs during both flow conditions, while lead only exceeded the

chronic TVSs during both flow conditions. Zinc exceeded the acute TVSs during high and low flows.

Reach 8

For dissolved cadmium, data were collected from 1981 to 1998. For dissolved copper, lead, and

zinc, data were collected from 1975 to 1998. Across all flow conditions and periods, average dissolved

cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc were lower in Reach 8 than average concentrations in Reach 7.

During Period 3, dissolved concentrations of copper, lead, and zinc exceeded TVSs during high

flows on more than one occasion, while only lead and zinc exceeded TVSs more than once during low

flows. Copper exceeded the acute TVSs during high flow, but only exceeded the chronic TVS once

during low flows. Lead exceeded the chronic TVS during both flow conditions. Zinc exceeded the acute

TVSs during high and low flows.

Reach 9

For all metals, dissolved data were collected from 1979 to 1997. Across all flow conditions and

periods, average dissolved metals concentrations in Reach 9 were higher than metal concentrations in

Reach 8.

During Period 3, dissolved concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc did not exceed

TVSs during either high or low flows. Higher hardness values in Reach 9 (resulting in higher TVSs) and

some lower metal concentrations, result in no exceedances.

J:\010004\Task3-SCR\SCR_currentl.doc 6-16

6.4.2 Summary of Injury Findings: Analysis of Exceedances of Table Value Standards (TVSs)

during Period 3

• Surface water resources in Reach 5 are injured primarily due to concentrations of

dissolved lead and zinc during high flows and zinc during low flows.

• The December 2000 CDPHE Status of Water Quality Report indicates that the ArkansasRiver from Lake Fork to Lake Creek is fully supporting its designated recreational and

agricultural uses and partially supporting its aquatic life uses.

• Surface water resources in Reach 6 are injured due to concentrations of dissolved

cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc during both high and low flow conditions.

• The December 2000 CDPHE Status of Water Quality Report indicates that the Arkansas

River below Lake Creek is fully supporting its designated uses.

• Surface water resources in Reach 7 are injured due to concentrations of dissolved copper,

lead, and zinc during both high and low flow conditions.

• Surface water resources in Reach 8 are injured due to concentrations of dissolved copper,lead, and zinc during high flows and lead and zinc during low flows.

• No surface water injury occurs in Reach 9 due to concentrations of cadmium, copper,lead, or zinc during either high or low flow conditions.

• The spatial extent of injury to surface water in the Downstream Area extends from Two-

Bit Gulch to Canon City.

6.5 Instream Sediments

The evaluation of instream sediment information is relative to concentrations observed in the

control area (Reach 0) as well as spatial trends with distance from the Leadville Mining District. Overall,

instream sediments are not viewed to be a significant pathway for injury. The low potential for storage of

instream sediments within Reaches 5, 6, 7, and 8 limits the potential for water quality effects and

biological exposure. This is further supported by the general trend of decreasing metal concentrations

with distance from sources and the good condition of the benthic macroinvertebrate communities.



The most comprehensive sediment study was a three phased study conducted by the USGS. This

study documented California Gulch as a metal source to the Arkansas River from Leadville to Pueblo

Reservoir. It further determined that the California Gulch site was the primary metal source to Arkansas

River sediments.

Phase I of this study was initiated in July 1993 to examine the distribution of elements in sediments

from the Arkansas River Basin (Church 1993). The objective of the study was to determine the origin and

time-of-deposition of fluvial mine-waste deposits in the Arkansas River immediately downstream of the

confluence with California Gulch. They sampled the Arkansas River and its major tributaries to evaluate the

contribution of lead from each of the potential sources. Cores of river sediments were taken at selected sites

along the Arkansas River to provide sedimentological and geochronological control. They concluded that the

mine-wastes in the Arkansas River below California Gulch are predominantly from California Gulch.

Studies of lead in cores taken from this same area show sediment intervals beneath the mine-waste deposits

that pre-date mining activity in the Leadville area.

In phase II of the study, geochemical data were retrieved from numerous geologic studies

conducted over the last several decades in order to prepare geochemical maps showing the distribution of

copper, lead, and zinc in the upper Arkansas River Basin (Smith 1994). As a result of this work, they

identified ten additional lead source areas in the Arkansas River Basin which exceed the crustal

abundance of lead by 8-30 times. Potential source areas include historic mining districts and milling and

industrial sites. Using these geochemical maps, they selected seventeen sample sites along the Arkansas

River from Leadville to Pueblo Reservoir for geochemical and lead-isotopic analysis (Church et al. 1994).

They concluded that greater than 90 percent of the lead and zinc load in Arkansas River sediments

between Leadville and the Chalk Creek confluence are from California Gulch NPL site. Lead, zinc,

copper, arsenic, and cadmium were elevated from Leadville to the Chalk Creek confluence compared to

sediments upstream of California Gulch. Lead and zinc are contributed to the Arkansas River by Chalk

Creek, but the total additional metal load is small. Zinc became elevated downstream of Salida,

suggesting an additional zinc source. However, Church (personal communication) later suggested that

because of the lower gradient in the river at this site, the suspended colloidal load partially settles out and

is incorporated into the river bed sediments. Data collected by Kimball et al. (1995) supports this

conclusion.


In phase III of the study, tributaries to the Arkansas River were sampled to determine whether

additional sources of metal released from historical mining activities elsewhere in the watershed

contribute to the metals in streambed sediment in the mainstem of the Arkansas River. Whereas local

anthropogenic sources were found in some of the tributaries, the measured chemical and lead-isotopic

compositions determined at the mouths of these tributaries indicate that there are not substantial sources

of metals from the tributaries that impact the streambed sediment in the Arkansas River (Church et al.

2000).

McCulley, Frick and Oilman, Inc. (1990) conducted a study in April 1989 of sediments and water

to determine if trends in metal enrichment were consistent with loading from the Yak Tunnel/California

Gulch mining area. They further evaluated the potential for metals to move between the water columnr

and sediments. They determined that cadmium, copper, and zinc remain elevated in sediments (compared

to Arkansas River sediments from upstream of California Gulch) downstream to about Granite. Lead

concentrations remained elevated down to about Brown's Canyon. They also noted elevated metals

concentrations below Salida. Using sequential extractions of sediments and mass balance calculations,

they determined that varying amounts of the aqueous trace metals discharged from California Gulch are

partitioned from the liquid phase to the sediment phase, but that remobilization of trace metals from the

sediment phase to the liquid phase was probably not significant.

Kimball et al. (1995) conducted studies in fall 1988 and spring 1989 to determine the effects of

colloids on metal transport in the Arkansas River. They determined that iron colloids form in California

Gulch and move downstream in suspension. While iron dominated the colloid composition, arsenic,

cadmium, copper, manganese, lead, and zinc also occurred in the colloids. The colloidal load decreased

by one half in the first 30 miles downstream from California Gulch due to aggregated colloids settling to

the bed sediments. However, they determined that a substantial colloid load was transported through the

entire study reach to Pueblo Reservoir, The dissolved metals were dominated by iron and zinc and the

patterns of colloidal iron and zinc suggested that during low flow, dissolved and colloidal loads decrease

downstream as metals partition to the colloidal fraction and the aggregated colloids settled to the stream.

These colloids are resuspended during high flow at the same time that there is a flushing of metals with

snowmelt runoff, creating the greatest metal loads of the year. This same flushing event could occur

during thunderstorm runoff as was seen by Horowitz et al. (1990).

Kimball et al. (1995) suggest that some metals (cadmium, copper, iron, lead, and zinc) are

remobilized as colloids into the aqueous phase during high flow and transported downstream as far as

Pueblo Reservoir. This partitioning is also confirmed by CDOW water sampling reported by USFWS

(1993) and is represented in the water quality data reported by McCulley, Frick and Oilman (1990). Ortiz

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\SCR_currem 1 .doc 6-19

et al. (1998) reported differences in cadmium, copper, lead, manganese and zinc, which can reasonably be

explained by partitioning of colloids between bed sediments and the aqueous phase.

6.5.2 Summary of Injury Findings to Instream Sediments

• Sediment metals data were compiled and found to be present for each of the three periods

of interest. Period 1 and 2 data were only available for Reaches 6-10, while Period 3 data

were available for all of the downstream reaches (Table 6-7).

• Between Periods 1 and 2 there is a substantial shift in metals concentrations. Period 1

data suggest relatively low concentrations of metals compared to upstream concentrations

observed in Reach 0 during the same period as well as during Period 3.

• During Period 2, the shift in metals concentrations, particularly for Reaches 6-8 shows a

sharp increase. For example, Period 1 mean sediment zinc concentrations of 103.2,

195.8, and 98.3 mg/Kg were observed in Reaches 6, 7, and 8 respectively. During Period

2 mean sediment zinc concentrations of 2,813.3, 1,302.5, and 994.2 mg/Kg were

observed in Reaches 6, 7, and 8, respectively. This shift is most likely due to differencesin sampling and analytical techniques.

• Elevated levels of zinc in sediments in the reaches described above are present during

Period 3, but not at the levels observed during Period 2. At Reaches 6, 7, and 8, zinc

concentrations in sediments were 981.1,469.8, and 459.5 mg/Kg, respectively duringPeriod 3.

• During Period 3, the following observations were made for metals compared to those

metals concentrations observed in Reach 0: cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in sedimentfrom Reach 5 are elevated over those concentrations found in Reach 0; copper, lead, and

zinc in sediments from Reach 6 are elevated over those concentrations found in Reach 0,

but are less than in Reach 5; zinc is the predominant metal in Reach 7 and 8 elevated over

concentrations found in Reach 0, yet is lower than in each subsequent upstream reach;

and by Reach 9 all mean metals concentrations are lower than concentrations observed in

Reach 0.

• It is evident that the overall concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in

sediments are declining, both temporally and spatially. This may be due to the

importance of colloidal metal transport and deposition, which is largely a function of

water quality (Kimball et al. 1995). Metals concentrations in surface waters were

substantially decreased after 1992, due to the implementation of treatment at the LMDT

and the Yak tunnel.

J:\010004\Task3-SCR\SCR_currentl.doc • 6-20

6.6 Groundwater

A query of all the available data in the database yielded a small amount of data for groundwater

resources in the Downstream Area. Of the groundwater quality data found in the database, all were

collected between 1970 and 2000 (or from Periods 1 and 3). There were no data available for period 2.

There were no data available for Reach 5 or Reach 10. For Reaches 6, 7, 8, and 9 most data were

collected from deep groundwater wells (40'-100') that supply communities or groups of houses. The

following provides a brief summary of the data available for Reaches 6, 7, 8, and 9.


Summary data discussed for the following reaches, along with detailed information on well

location and type, can be found in Table 6-8.

Reach 6

The data for Reach 6 includes statistical information for total concentrations of cadmium, copper

and lead. There was a total of 12 sampling locations from this reach from which data was retrieved.

There were no exceedances of the MCLs for any of the metals discussed. All data were retrieved from

deep groundwater wells.

Reach 7

The data for Reach 7 includes statistical information for all four metals of concern, with data for

both total and dissolved concentrations for copper and lead. Cadmium data only included total

concentration, while zinc data only included dissolved concentrations. There were a total of 2 sampling

locations in this reach from which data was retrieved. There were no exceedances of the MCLs for any of

the metals discussed. All data were retrieved from deep groundwater wells.

Reach 8

The data for Reach 8 includes statistical information for all four metals of concern, with data for

both total and dissolved concentrations for cadmium copper and lead with only dissolved concentrations

for zinc. There were a total of three sampling locations in this reach from which data was retrieved.

There were no exceedances of the MCLs for any of the metals discussed. Data for this reach were

J:\Ol0004\Task 3 - SCR\SCR_currentl.doc 6-21

retrieved primarily from deep groundwater wells with the exception of some data being retrieved from

wells of unknown depth or type.

Reach 9

The data for Reach 9 included statistical information for only copper, lead and zinc. Only

dissolved concentrations were available for the three metals. All data was retrieved from three different

sampling locations. There were no exceedances of the MCLs for the metals discussed. Data was

retrieved from deep groundwater wells.

6.6.2 Summary of Injury Findings to Groundwater

Based on lack of injury to groundwater within the 11-mile reach and on confirming data for the

Downstream Area, no injury to groundwater has occurred.

6.7 Floodplain Soils

Floodplain soils data (BLM 2000) provide a useful indicator of the impact of mine-wastes

released from the 11-mile reach. Soil sampling in the control area (Reach 0) along with the 11-mile reach

provide a basis for determining potential injury in the Downstream Area from mine-waste storage in the

floodplain. Soils data currently available include total concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc

at 18 separate locations between Two-Bit Gulch and Pueblo Reservoir.


Limited soils data for the Downstream Area are available from BLM sampling in July 2000

(Figure 6-3). Soil samples were collected along 18 transects, with approximately 5 sites sampled along

each transect. Soil samples were collected at multiple depths and depths varied with location. All

samples were analyzed for lead, zinc, iron, and manganese. A subset of the samples were also analyzed

for arsenic, cadmium, copper and silver. Samples were analyzed for total metals using XRF or a total

digest procedure. There were no soil samples collected in Reach 5, two transects were sampled in Reach

6, one transect was sampled in Reach 7, nine transects were sampled in Reach 8, and six transects were

sampled in Reach 9.


Table 6-9 presents a summary of the BLM (2000) floodplain soils data by reach for lead and zinc.

These concentrations are compared to floodplain soils in the control area (Reach 0). The only reach

where zinc concentrations are high enough to indicate the presence of mine-waste or some other

anthropogenic influence is in Reach 6. There were two sample sites (CCT1B and CCT1C) where zinc

concentrations were in the range of 2,000 to 4,000 mg/Kg. These sample sites are at the confluence of

Clear Creek and not an area believed to represent a significant potential for mine-waste storage from the

11-mile reach. No other metal concentrations were high enough in any of the downstream reaches to

indicate the possible presence of mine-waste material.

Reach 5

There are no data available for floodplain soils along Reach 5. Some small.mine-waste deposits

exist in Reach 5, but no data has been collected that characterizes the deposits with respect to surface

area, depth, volume, and chemical properties.

Reaches 6-9

Soil chemistry data exists for floodplain soils along Reaches 6-9 (BLM 2000) (Table 6-9). This

data includes total metal concentrations for lead and zinc for all sites sampled and cadmium and copper

for a subset of these sites. There were approximately 17 transects where soils were sampled along these

reaches.

6.7.2 Summary of Injury Findings to Soils

Although there are no floodplain soils data for Reach 5, field reconnaissance of this stretch of

river confirm the presence of small deposits of mine-waste with low plant cover. It is assumed that soil

metal concentrations and/or pH are affecting plant growth on these deposits, indicating injury to soils at

locations where mine-waste deposits occur.

The elevated concentrations of zinc in floodplain soils at the confluence of Clear Creek (Reach 6)

indicate the potential for injury in this location. The source of these metals may be from historical mining

in the Clear Creek drainage. Total metal concentrations are potentially high enough to cause injury to

soils at this location. However, this cannot be confirmed without further soil sampling and analysis.

J:\OI0004\Task 3 - SCR\SCR_currentI.doc 6-23

Other than Reach 5 and two sample sites along Reach 6, there is no other evidence to indicate

injury to floodplain soils in the remaining portions of Reach 6 and Reaches 7-9. Floodplain soils are not

considered injured in most of Reach 6 and Reaches 7-9 because metal concentrations along these reaches

are similar to Reach 0 and riparian vegetation does not show signs of metal toxicity.

6.8 Biological

Consistent with the findings for the 11-mile reach, the potential for mining-related injuries is

greatest in aquatic organisms. Information presented in the following sections describes available

information on fish, benthic macroinvertebrates, and two species of birds that depend upon

macroinvertebrates as a food source, as well as considerations regarding vegetation and terrestrial

wildlife.

6.8.1 Vegetation

Currently there is no quantitative vegetation data available for the Downstream Area. Large-scale

vegetation mapping has been conducted but no sampling has been completed to describe plant cover,

biomass, species composition, or metal tissue concentrations below the 11-mile reach.

6.8.1.1 Supporting Information

Information on vegetation in the Downstream Area is limited to field reconnaissance and large-

scale habitat mapping. Inferences regarding injury are primarily based on an understanding of soil

conditions within the 11-mile reach that cause injury to vegetation.

6.8.1.2 Summary of Injury Findings to Vegetation

Data are not available for vegetation cover, production or tissue metal concentrations along Reach

5. Field observations confirm that vegetation is healthy and shows no signs of injury that could be

associated with elevated metal concentrations in floodplain soils. Mapping conducted by the Colorado

Division of Wildlife also indicates that vegetation cover types are consistent with a floodplain setting for

non-injured areas. However, plant growth has been observed to be limited in cover and production on


several small mine-waste deposits along Reach 5. This limited plant cover and production indicates

injury to vegetation at the few small areas where mine-waste deposits occur in this reach.

Data are not available for vegetation cover, production or tissue metal concentrations along Reach

6-9. However, injury to vegetation in upstream areas is limited to mine-waste deposits. Field

reconnaissance and geomorphologic analyses indicate a lack of mine-waste deposits along Reach 6-9;

therefore, there is no basis to conclude that injury exists to vegetation growing on floodplain soils along

these reaches. Field observations confirm that vegetation is healthy and shows no signs of injury that

could be associated with elevated metal concentrations in floodplain soils. Mapping conducted by the

Colorado Division of Wildlife also indicates that vegetation cover types are consistent with a floodplain

setting for non-injured areas.

6.8.2 Benthic Macroinvertebrates

Benthic macroinvertebrate data provide a useful indicator of the impact from metals in Upper

Arkansas River water. Extensive work conducted in the control area (Reach 0) along with the 11-mile

reach, provide a basis for understanding the relationship between water and the condition of benthic

macroinvertebrate communities. This understanding enhances the value of the existing studies for the

Downstream Area in terms of characterizing injury.


A number of studies have examined the relationship between the abundance of

macroinvertebrates and heavy metal concentrations in the Upper Arkansas River Basin. Additional

studies have investigated the impacts of flow regime and other habitat characteristics on the abundance of

macroinvertebrates.

Clements et al. (2002) conducted a long-term (10-year) research program investigating the impact

of heavy metals on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the Downstream Area at station AR-8

(Reach 6) from 1989-1999. This assessment included: 1) quantitative measurements of benthic

community composition along a 70 km reach of the upper Arkansas River between Climax and Buena

Vista; 2) measurements of heavy metal concentrations in water and other physicochemical characteristics;

and 3) measurement of heavy metal concentrations in invertebrates. In addition, limited benthic

J:\Ol0004\Task3-SCR\SCR_currentl.doc 6-25 .

macroinvertebrate data are available from several sampling occasions at station AR-7 in the upper section

of Reach 6 at Granite.

Total macroinvertebrate abundance at station AR-8 in Reach 6 of the Downstream Area varied

between 200 and 2000 individuals per 0.1 m2 and was generally greater than in Reach 0 (Figure 2-15).

Total species richness ranged from 11 to 26.6 species per sample and was similar to Reach 0 (Figure 2-

18). Most other measures of benthic community composition, including abundance of metal-sensitive

heptageniid mayflies, were either similar to or greater at station AR-8 compared to Reach 0. The only

exception to this pattern was for species richness of mayflies, which did not recover downstream from

California Gulch (Figure 2-18).

Temporal variation in benthic community composition was compared to changes in water quality

over a ten-year period in order to assess the influence of improvements in water quality below LMDT and

California Gulch. Metal concentrations at station AR-8 (Reach 6) were seasonally variable, with the

highest concentrations measured in spring (Figure 6-13). Total zinc concentrations at this station were

also significantly lower after remediation of California Gulch and LMDT (Figure 6-10). Abundance of

dominant macroinvertebrate groups showed little seasonal or long- term variation (Figure 6-14). The

only exception was total mayfly abundance and stonefly abundance, which gradually increased after

1995. The increase in abundance of mayflies was primarily a result of a steady increase in the number of

metal-sensitive heptageniids (Figure 6-9), which were significantly greater after remediation in 1992

(Figure 6-10). The most consistent pattern in measures of species richness was a decrease in the seasonal

variability in the later sampling periods (Figure 6-11).

Some evidence of recovery was also observed in the upper section of Reach 6 at Granite (stations

AR-7). Prior to treatment of LMDT and California Gulch, benthic communities at AR-7 were comprised

primarily of caddisflies and chironomids (Figure 6-15). Although these metal-tolerant groups dominated

benthic communities after 1993, abundance of mayflies and stoneflies also increased. In particular,

abundance of baetid mayflies increased by approximately 3 times after 1993 and approached densities

observed in Reach 0. While density of heptageniid mayflies also increased during this period, these

metal-sensitive organisms were much less abundant than in Reach 0 or in the lower section of Reach 6

(Buena Vista). Similar patterns in recovery were observed for measures of species richness (Figure 6-16).

Total species richness and richness of most macroinvertebrate groups increased after treatment of LMDT

and California Gulch. However, these values were significantly lower than those observed in Reach 0.

Exposure of benthic macroinvertebrates to heavy metals in the Downstream Area between 1990

and 1999 was assessed by measuring concentrations of zinc in the caddisfly Arctopsyche grandis


(Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Concentrations of zinc in Arctopsyche collected from Reach 6 (Buena

Vista) generally declined over time (Figure 6-12). The only exception to this pattern was a large,

unexplained peak in metal levels during spring 1999.

Statistical analyses of metal levels in Arctopsyche among all reaches before (1990-1992) and after

(1993-2000) remediation of LMDT and California Gulch show highly significant spatial and temporal

variation (Figure 6-17). Metal levels in caddisflies were significantly elevated in Reach 1 and declined

downstream. However, metal concentrations at the two stations in Reach 6 (AR-7 and AR-8) were

significantly greater than in Reach 0. In general, metal levels in caddisflies declined after 1992.

Kiffney and Clements (1993) carried out a one-year study to determine the extent of metal

contamination (cadmium, copper, and zinc) in a benthic community from the Arkansas River. Elevated

levels of metals in benthic organisms paralleled elevated concentrations of metals in the water. Levels of

heavy metals in most dominant species of benthic macroinvertebrates were generally lower in Reach 6

compared to the 11-mile reach. For most species and most metals, concentrations in the Downstream

Area were similar to those measured in Reach 0. The concentration of metals in aquatic

macroinvertebrates was a better indicator of metal bioavailabiliry in the Arkansas River than was the

concentration of metals in the water.

Data collected by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service in October of 1995 showed that total

abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates at all stations ranged from 176-1,209 individuals per Surber

sample. Benthic communities at the six upstream stations (above Balltown, Granite Bridge, Fisherman's

Bridge, Highway 291 Bridge, and Stockyard Bridge) were dominated by caddisflies (primarily

Brachycentridae and Hydropsychidae) and dipterans (primarily chironomids), which accounted for

greater than 90 percent of total macroinvertebrate abundance. Mayfly and stonefly abundances were

generally quite low at these upstream stations. In particular, heptageniid mayflies, organisms known to be

sensitive to contaminants, were absent or greatly reduced at these upstream sites. There was a gradual

shift in benthic community composition at the three furthest downstream stations (Valley Bridge, Lone

Pine, Flood Plain), reflecting reduced abundance of caddisflies and increased abundance of mayflies.

Stoneflies and mayflies at the three downstream stations accounted for 33-50 percent of total

macroinvertebrate abundance. Mayfly assemblages at these downstream stations were dominated by

Heptageniidae and Baetidae. The spatial patterns in abundance of dominant groups from upstream to

downstream were similar to those reported by Clements et al. 2002 for Reach 6 (stations AR-7 at Granite

and AR-8 in Buena Vista) and suggest that benthic communities were impacted by metals in 1995. The

more recent data indicate that benthic communities are injured in the upper section of Reach 6, but that

recovery has occurred in the lower section at Buena Vista.


In 1984-1985, Ruse et al. (2000a; 2000b) found that metal-tolerant species were common within

the 11-mile reach. However, overall species composition at a larger spatial scale (Climax to Pueblo) was

primarily influenced by variables related to the longitudinal gradient of the river (distance downstream,

elevation, latitude, temperatun nd caddisflies did not

increase from upstream to dow / attributed the lack of a

downstream increase in specie n\ \Jk_ ^ Dilation, and temperature.

The results of this study are es ,/\J^n^ 259km). However,

patterns observed at any partic r\SX8Is ;ause these analyses were

based on collections of exuviai Ri «a R>£-«XQ eral days after emergence.

As a consequence, organisms < .—> ,. _^-^M~--tyâxs-«. e tnat emerged fromi<^C§S§3SS23c;;&£2es*ssSfefe_-

distant upstream locations.

!

Nelson and Roline (19 macroinvertebrate

community composition and fl ti and downstream from

the confluence with Lake Creek. Results of an extensive literature review showed that most benthic

macroinvertebrates are adapted to highly variable flow regimes and can tolerate a wide range of

discharge. Results of field studies showed that flow augmentation as a result of trans-mountain diversions

have increased stream discharge below Lake Creek. Although subtle differences in benthic communities

between upstream and downstream sites were detected, most taxa were collected from both locations.

However, these investigators reported that the distribution of one dominant species of caddisfly

(Brachycentrus occidentalis) was closely related to streamflow. Because Brachycentrus is a major

component of the diet of brown trout in the Arkansas River (Winters 1988), impacts of flow variation on

this species may have significant consequences for brown trout growth and condition.

There is a limited amount of lexicological data available for the Downstream Area, most of which

has been collected from the upper sections of the Arkansas River (e.g., Lake Creek to Buena Vista).

Single species toxicity tests conducted with cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia dubia) and fathead minnows

(Pimephales promelus) in 1991 showed some acute effects (for fathead minnows) and chronic effects of

water collected from station AR-8 (Reach 6) in Buena Vista (Figure 2-36). In contrast, experiments

conducted by U.S. EPA between 1991-1993 showed little acute toxicity of Arkansas River water (Table

2-21).

Frugis (1995) compared effects of heavy metals on chironomids exposed to sediments collected

from a reference site (Cache la Poudre River) and station AR-8 in Buena Vista. Percent mortality of

chironomids exposed to sediment from AR-8 (40 percent) was higher than control mortality (24.2


In 1984-1985, Ruse et al. (2000a; 2000b) found that metal-tolerant species were common within

the 11-mile reach. However, overall species composition at a larger spatial scale (Climax to Pueblo) was

primarily influenced by variables related to the longitudinal gradient of the river (distance downstream,

elevation, latitude, temperature). Species richness of chironomids, stoneflies, and caddisflies did not

increase from upstream to downstream as predicted for Colorado streams. They attributed the lack of a

downstream increase in species richness to the effects of heavy metals, flow regulation, and temperature.

The results of this study are especially useful because of the large spatial scale (259 km). However,

patterns observed at any particular location should be interpreted cautiously because these analyses were

based on collections of exuviae, which may remain on the water surface for several days after emergence.

As a consequence, organisms collected at any particular site may represent those that emerged from

distant upstream locations.

Nelson and Roline (1996) investigated the relationship between benthic macroinvertebrate

community composition and flow characteristics in the Arkansas River upstream and downstream from

the confluence with Lake Creek. Results of an extensive literature review showed that most benthic

macroinvertebrates are adapted to highly variable flow regimes and can tolerate a wide range of

discharge. Results of field studies showed that flow augmentation as a result of trans-mountain diversions

have increased stream discharge below Lake Creek. Although subtle differences in benthic communities

between upstream and downstream sites were detected, most taxa were collected from both locations.

However, these investigators reported that the distribution of one dominant species of caddisfly

(Brachycentrus occidentalis) was closely related to streamflow. Because Brachycentrus is a major

component of the diet of brown trout in the Arkansas River (Winters 1988), impacts of flow variation on

this species may have significant consequences for brown trout growth and condition.

There is a limited amount of toxicological data available for the Downstream Area, most of which

has been collected from the upper sections of the Arkansas River (e.g., Lake Creek to Buena Vista).

Single species toxicity tests conducted with cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia dubid) and fathead minnows

(Pimephales promelus) in 1991 showed some acute effects (for fathead minnows) and chronic effects of

water collected from station AR-8 (Reach 6) in Buena Vista (Figure 2-36). In contrast, experiments

conducted by U.S. EPA between 1991-1993 showed little acute toxicity of Arkansas River water (Table

2-21).

Frugis (1995) compared effects of heavy metals on chironomids exposed to sediments collected

from a reference site (Cache la Poudre River) and station AR-8 in Buena Vista. Percent mortality of

chironomids exposed to sediment from AR-8 (40 percent) was higher than control mortality (24.2


percent); however, this difference was not statistically significant. There was also no significant effect of

metals in sediment on growth of chironomids.

Figure 2-33 shows results of a laboratory experiment in which chironomids (Chironomus tentans)

were exposed to sediments collected from Reach 6. Despite the fact that metal concentrations in

sediments from Reach 6 were similar to those in Reach 0, concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, and

zinc in chironomids exposed to these sediments were generally higher in the Downstream Area. These

results indicate that physicochemical factors other than bulk metal concentrations (e.g., grain size, percent

organic carbon) determined metal bioavailability in Reach 6.

6.8.2.2 Summary of Injury Findings to Benthic Macroinvertebrates

Available literature indicate the following regarding injury to benthic macroinvertebrates:

• Cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc concentrations in invertebrates have decreased in Reach6 during the period 1995-1998, and concentrations decrease from upstream todownstream (Table 6-10) (Archuleta et al. 2000).

• Lead concentrations in invertebrates remained elevated in Reach 5 compared toconcentrations in Reach 0 (Table 6-10, Table 2-27) (Archuleta et al. 2000).

• Total macroinvertebrate abundance in Reach 6 (Arkansas River at Granite) in theDownstream Area varied between 200 and 900 individuals per 0.1 m2 and was similar tovalues observed in Reach 0. However, unlike Reach 0 benthic communities weredominated by caddisflies and chironomids (Clements, unpublished data).

• Total macroinvertebrate abundance at station AR-8 in the lower section of Reach 6

(Arkansas River at Buena Vista) in the Downstream Area varied between 200 and 2000individuals per 0.1 m2 and was generally greater than in Reach 0 (Figure 2-15) (CDOW

1998).

• There was a gradual increase in abundance of mayflies after 1995 at both downstreamstations. In the downstream section of Reach 6 (Buena Vista) this was primarily a resultof a steady increase in the number of metal-sensitive heptageniids (Figure 6-9), which

were significantly greater after water treatment began upstream in 1992 (Figure 6-10)

(Clements et al. 2002). In contrast, mayflies in the upstream section of Reach 6 (nearGranite) were dominated by baetids. Although heptageniids increased in the upstream

section of Reach 6 after remediation, abundance of these metal-sensitive species wasrelatively low compared to Reach 0 (Clements, unpublished data).


• Measures of species richness exhibited less seasonal variability in the later sampling

periods (Figure 6-11) (Clements et al. 2002).

• Concentrations of zinc in Arctopsyche collected from Reach 6 generally declined overtime and approached levels measured in organisms collected from Reach 0 (Figure 6-12)

(Clements et al. 2002).

• Heptageniid mayflies, organisms known to be sensitive to contaminants, were absent orgreatly reduced at six upstream site stations in Reaches 5, 6 and 7(above Balltown,

Granite Bridge, Fisherman's Bridge, Highway 291 Bridge, and Stockyard Bridge)(USFWS 1995).

• Mayfly assemblages at three downstream stations in Reach 8 (Valley Bridge, Lone Pine,Flood Plain) were dominated by Heptageniidae and Baetidae (USFWS 1995).

• Levels of heavy metals in most dominant species of benthic macroinvertebrates weregenerally lower in Reach 6 (Buena Vista) compared to the 11-mile reach (Kiffney and

Clements 1993).

• Species richness of chironomids, stoneflies, and caddisflies did not increase fromupstream to downstream (i.e., from Tennessee Creek near the Leadville Mine DrainageTunnel downstream to Pueblo Reservoir) as predicted for Colorado streams. This lack ofa downstream increase in species richness may be attributable to the effects of heavy

metals, flow regulation, or temperature (Ruse et al. 2000a; 2000b).

• Most benthic macroinvertebrates are adapted to highly variable flow regimes and cantolerate a wide range of discharge. However, the distribution of one dominant species ofcaddisfly (Brachycentrus occidentalis) was negatively affected by flow regulation.

Benthic macro invertebrate data are lacking from Reach 5. However, because water quality in

Reach 5 is similar to that observed in Reach 3 (where injury was observed) and because metal levels in

Reach 5 exceed site-specific concentrations known to be toxic to metal-sensitive species, it is likely that

benthic macroinvertebrates are injured in Reach 5.

Analysis of community structure for benthic macroinvertebrates collected at stations AR-7

(Granite) and AR-8 (Buena Vista) in Reach 6 shows significant improvement in species richness,

diversity and abundance of some metal-sensitive species, hi particular, abundance of Heptageniidae at

station AR-8 in the lower section of Reach 6 increased 2-3 times since remediation of LMDT and

California Gulch was initiated in 1992. Abundance of these organisms after 1996 was similar to that

observed in Reach 0. Limited recovery of these metal-sensitive species was observed in the upper section


of Reach 6. Metal concentrations in the caddisfly Arctopsyche grandis collected from Reach 6 have

decreased since 1994 and are similar to those values measured in Reach 0. The only exception to this

pattern is an unexplained spike in zinc concentration in 1999. Zinc levels in periphyton measured at the

downstream portion of Reach 6 (1,031-1,273 p.g/g) in 1995 and 1996 were also within the range of values

observed in Reach 0 (409-4,200 |o.g/g). We conclude that there is no injury to benthic macroinvertebrates

in Reach 6 near Buena Vista.

Despite improvements in water quality and macroinvertebrate communities over time, data

collected from the upper section of Reach 6 near Granite suggest injury to benthic organisms. Abundance

of metal-sensitive mayflies and species richness of mayflies and stoneflies are significantly lower at

station AR-7 than in Reach 0. Based on a comparison of the upper and lower sections of Reach 6, we

conclude that recovery of benthic macroinvertebrates occurs somewhere between Granite and Buena

Vista.

Few data are available from Reaches 7 and 8 of the Arkansas River, However, microcosm

experiments conducted in 1998 showed that exposure of benthic communities to a mixture of cadmium,

copper, and zinc at concentrations similar to those measured at Reaches 7 and 8 had no effect on

community composition, species richness of mayflies, or abundance of metal-sensitive species.

Quantitative collections of benthic macroinvertebrates by the USFWS showed no spatial trends that could

be related to heavy metals in Reaches 7 and 8, as well as further downstream. Based on these results, we

conclude that there is no injury to benthic macroinvertebrates from heavy metals in Reaches 7 and 8.

Furthermore, the dramatic recovery of benthic macroinvertebrates observed in Reach 6 (Buena Vista)

following remediation of upstream metal sources suggests that injury to benthic macroinvertebrates below

Reach 5 is unlikely.

6.8.3 Fish

The Downstream Area of the Arkansas River supports a naturally reproducing brown trout

population and a growing rainbow trout population, which is supported by stocking (CDOW 1998).

Neither brown nor rainbow trout are native to the Arkansas River Basin, but brown trout have been the

primary fishery management focus for the CDOW. Other fish species present in the Arkansas River

include Snake River cutthroat trout, brook trout, white suckers, and longnose suckers. Fishery related

data currently available include population data based on electrofishing surveys, and limited laboratory

toxicity testing.



The CDOW has reported results of their population sampling efforts at various sampling stations

since 1981. These data include number of each species captured and lengths and weights for each fish

captured. Sampling stations have been located from just upstream of Granite to downstream at Coaldale.

However, not every station has been sampled every year and some stations are sampled during spring

while others are sampled during fall. The preferred approach to evaluating fish population data or natural

resource injury is to compare total abundance, biomass, and length frequency distributions at downstream

locations to a reference location. However, because the Arkansas River changes both physically and

chemically from the bottom of the 11-mile reach to Pueblo Reservoir, it is difficult to compare

populations upstream to those downstream over the 125-mile stretch. In addition, different sampling

techniques were used upstream (backpack shocking) and downstream (boat shocking). Therefore,

evaluation of temporal trends at each sampling station where sufficient data exists is presented. The most

continuous and extensive data set is available for the Wellsville station, which begins at Wellsville and

extends upstream to the Stockyard Bridge just below Salida. With the exception of 1987 and 1989, this

location has been sampled yearly from 1981 to the present, representing the most continuous and

extensive data set available (CDOW 1999). Additional survey sites include: above Granite, Tezak, Loma

Linda, Coaldale, and Big Bend.

Historically, there was an absence of large brown trout in the Downstream Area, which was

attributed to a variety of factors including metal toxicity, post spawning conditions, and the lack of forage

fish (Nehring 1986). Winters (1988) conducted a detailed investigation of brown trout feeding habits,

growth and condition at a single site approximately 30 km downstream from Salida. He reported that

brown trout fry feed extensively on small, drifting invertebrates (especially Baetis), followed by a switch

to caddisflies in older age classes. He characterized the general condition of brown trout in the Arkansas

River as poor. The high rate of mortality observed in older fish and the absence of+4 age class in the

Arkansas River was attributed to poor or unreliable food quality and the lack of forage fish.

More recently, Policky (1998) reported that brown and rainbow trout are living to an approximate

age of 7 in the Downstream Area. Restrictive regulations (e.g., flies and lures only, 2 fish > 14 inches)

and anglers practicing catch and release has maximized the brown trout population to carrying capacity of

the habitat; therefore, some fish in the Wellsville area are in poor condition.

Based on Instream Flow Incremental Methodology analysis (BLM 2000), when optimum flows

are reached at the Wellsville gage they will consistently protect habitat for all life stages and species of


trout from Leadville to Canon City. Fish habitat has an optimum value at a certain velocity and depth.

Trout habitat is optimized from 250 - 450 cfs (at Wellsville gage) throughout the year. Useable habitat

rapidly decreases as flows exceed 550 cfs (BLM 2000), which frequently produce unfavorable habitat

conditions for trout. In addition, macroinvertebrate densities are also influenced by high flows - optimum

velocity values are exceeded above 500 cfs.

On 18 and 19 August 1988, a large fish kill occurred in the Arkansas River following water

releases from Clear Creek Reservoir that had been treated with rotenone on 9 August 1988. Colorado

Division of Wildlife personnel were treating the reservoir with rotenone to eliminate an over-population

of suckers. The fish kill was estimated to have eliminated 100 percent of the fish community for 20 miles

downstream and have significant effects for another 15 miles downstream (USFWS 1988). According to

CDOW reports, brown trout recovered within 5 years and rotenone is not considered a limiting factor for

downstream populations.

6.8.3.2 Summary of Injury Findings to Brown Trout

The following information is related to fish population data collected at the Wellsville station:

• Between 1982 and 1999, the number offish per acre at the Wellsville station has

remained at about 200 fish/acre (based on two-sample T-Test a = 0.05 using data from

CDOW 1999).

• There is no significant difference in the average number offish per acre and average

pounds per acre at the Wellsville station from 1992-1999 compared to 1981-1991 (based

on two-sample T-Test a = 0.05 using data from CDOW 1999).

• There is no significant difference in the average number offish per acre greater than 14

inches at the Wellsville station during the period 1992-1998 compared to 1981-1991

(based on two-sample T-Test a = 0.05 using data from CDOW 1999).

• Adult brown trout in the Wellsville area are in poor condition, probably due to

overcrowding and a lack of sizable forage (Krieger 2000; Policky et al. 2000; Winters

1988).

Brown trout data from Reach 5 are lacking. However, because water quality in Reach 5 was

similar to that measured in Reach 3 (where injury was observed), it is concluded that there is injury to

brown trout in this downstream reach.


Metal concentrations decrease significantly downstream from Lake Creek, and mean values

approach the regulatory threshold levels in Reach 6 and are consistent with concentrations measured in

the control reach (Reach 0). Significant reduction in abundance (71 percent) and biomass (24 percent) of

brown trout was observed in the upper section of Reach 6 (Granite) compared to Reach 0. Inspection of

length frequency distributions of brown trout also showed relatively poor recruitment in Reach 6, with

few juvenile fish present. The brown trout population in Reach 6 was characterized by reduced overall

abundance but somewhat larger individuals compared to the reference reach.

Because of natural and anthropogenic changes in physical characteristics of the Arkansas River,

particularly flow alterations associated with discharge from Lake Creek, it is possible that flow alterations

immediately downstream from Lake Creek impact fish populations. However, there are no quantitative

data showing direct effects of these flow modifications on brown trout. Although metals concentrations

occasionally exceeded the TVSs downstream from Reach 6, there is no indication of injury to brown

trout.

6.8.4 Terrestrial Wildlife

Information directly describing the potential for injury to terrestrial wildlife is not available for

the Downstream Area. Any assessment for the potential for injury must be based upon a comparison to

the 11-mile reach.


Information describing the presence or absence of injury to terrestrial wildlife for the 11-mile

reach is limited to small mammals. This information indicates that small mammals living in and around

discrete deposits of mine waste may have exposure to elevated metals concentrations resulting in injury.

Data for large mammals were not available, however, building upon the information available for small

mammals, an exposure analysis for large mammals was conducted. As for small mammals, the potential

for injury to large mammals is also linked to exposure in and around discrete floodplain deposits of mine

waste.


6.8.4.2 Summary of Injury Findings to Terrestrial Wildlife

As mine-waste deposits are limited to a few small areas within the floodplain of Reach 5, the

potential for injury to terrestrial wildlife is limited to small mammals residing in those areas. This is

further supported by the fact that for most of the Downstream Area, water quality and floodplain soils

metals concentrations are similar to Reach 0.

Reach 5

Due to the lack of small mammal data for Reach 5, it is not known if there is injury to this

resource. Characterization of the metals concentrations in Reach 5 fluvial deposits, floodplain soils,

vegetation, and terrestrial invertebrates would provide data to evaluate potential injury to small mammals.

Reaches 6-9

There are no small mammal data for Reaches 6-9. Because there are no known fluvial mine-

waste deposits in Reaches 6-9 and because floodplain soils concentrations are relatively low, the potential

for injury to terrestrial wildlife is not present.

6.8.5 Birds

Information on swallows and dippers from recent USFWS & USGS studies provide a basis for

evaluating injury. These species are exposed due to their reliance on various life stages of benthic

macroinvertebrates as a food source. Data from Reach 0 and the 11-mile reach enhance the

understanding of data from the Downstream Area.


The USFWS sampled blood and livers from American dippers at 12 sites in the Downstream area

(Reaches 5-8) between 1995 and 1998 (Archuleta et al. 2000). Blood and liver samples were analyzed for

metals and blood was also analyzed for ALAD. In addition, aquatic invertebrates (dipper food items)

were collected from 19 sites and analyzed for metals. Aquatic invertebrate samples were generally

comprised of one composite sample per nest site per year with the exception of 1998 when a composite

sample was collected in April and a second composite sample collected in October from most sites. The

J:\OI0004\Task 3 - SCR\SCR_cunrcntl.doc 6-35

USGS sampled blood and liver from tree swallows at 4 locations (Reaches 6-9) in the Downstream Area

between 1997 and 1998 (Custer et al. 2003 In Press). Tree swallow liver samples were analyzed for

metals concentrations and blood was analyzed for ALAD activity. Swallow stomach contents were

analyzed for metals and food boli were evaluated to determine diet composition. These are the only

known bird studies that attempt to evaluate metals exposure and effects on migratory birds in the

Downstream Area.

For all Downstream Reaches, dipper blood metal concentrations were similar to concentrations

from Reach 0 with the exception of lead in Reach 5. Blood lead in Reach 5 was approximately two times

the concentration in Reach 0 (Table 6-12). ALAD in dipper samples was reduced in Reaches 5-7

compared to Reach 0 by 17 percent, 28 percent, and 14 percent respectively. Compared to the Study

Reference, ALAD was reduced by 49 percent, 56 percent, 48 percent, and 25 percent in Reaches 5-8

respectively (Table 6-13).

In dipper liver samples, copper concentrations were higher in Reaches 5-7 compared to Reach 0,

but not abnormally high. Lead liver concentrations were significantly higher in Reaches 5 and 6

compared to Reach 0. However, none of the metals in any of the Downstream reaches exceeded

literature-based benchmarks.

Average lead and zinc concentrations in aquatic invertebrate samples were much higher in

Reaches 5 and 6 compared to Reach 0 (Table 6-10). In samples collected between 1995-1998, the highest

average concentrations for each metal of concern occurred in Reach 6 in 1995. Generally, all metal

concentrations decreased from 1995 to 1998 in all reaches. Averaged over all years, Reaches 5 and 6 had

the highest average concentrations for all metals of concern. The most recent samples collected in 1998,

show that lead in Reaches 7 and 8 and zinc in Reaches 5-8 exceed the dietary benchmark for birds (Tables

6-10 and 6-11).

In swallow liver samples, cadmium was at least two times higher in Reaches 6-8 compared to

Reach 0. Copper and zinc concentrations for all reaches were similar to Reach 0 and lower than the study

reference. Lead concentrations in Reach 8 were significantly higher than the other Reaches and Reach 0

(Table 6-15). None of the metals in any of the Downstream reaches exceeded literature-based

benchmarks.

Compared to the Study Reference, ALAD was suppressed in tree swallows by 22 percent, 1

percent, and 35 percent respectively in Reaches 6-8 respectively. None of the Downstream reaches had

suppressed ALAD compared to Reach 0.


Emergent adult aquatic invertebrates (swallow food items) had metal concentrations which were

generally 2-3 times lower than nymph stage aquatic invertebrates for all metals of concern and only zinc

exceeded the dietary threshold for birds (Custer et al. 2003 In Press).

6.8.5.2 Summary of Injury Findings to Birds

Findings of these studies and those of other investigators, related to the potential for injury, are

presented below:

• Injury is occurring to American dippers from lead exposure in Reaches 5 & 6 (betweenGranite and Balltown). Levels of d-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity are

suppressed in American dippers by approximately 50 percent compared to the reference

area (Archuleta et al. 2000).

• At all other downstream sites, ALAD activity is suppressed in American dippers (25-48

percent compared to a reference area) indicating the birds are exposed to lead, but injuryis not occurring (Archuleta et al. 2000).

• For all downstream sites, ALAD activity is suppressed in tree swallows (1-35 percent

compared to reference area), indicating the birds are exposed to lead, but injury is not

occurring (Custer et al. 2003 In Press).

• Migratory birds are exposed to metals (cadmium, lead, zinc) in the Downstream Area, butreported levels are typically below threshold values associated with lethal and sublethal

(e.g., behavioral and/or physiological) effects (Archuleta et al. 2000; Custer et al. 2003 InPress).

Reaches 5-6

• Based on greater than 50 percent ALAD suppression, there is injury to American dippers

when compared to Reach 0 (49 percent suppression for Reach 5 and 56 percent for Reach

6).

• There is no injury to tree swallows based on less than 50 percent ALAD suppression

compared to Reach 0 (28 percent for Reach 6).

• Metal concentrations in liver, blood, and eggs of birds were all below benchmark values.

J:\010004\Task3 -SCR\SCR_currentl.doc 6-37

No reproductive impairment (data for tree swallows only).

Reaches 7-8

There is no injury to American dippers based on less than 50 percent ALAD suppressioncompared to Reach 0 (48 percent for Reach 7 and 25 percent for Reach 8).

There is no injury to tree swallows based on less than 50 percent ALAD suppression

compared to Reach 0 (1 percent for Reach 7).

Metal concentrations in liver, blood, and eggs of birds were all below benchmark values.

No reproductive impairment (data for tree swallows only).

Reach 9

No data are available for migratory birds. However, downstream water and sediment

quality continue to improve and metal concentrations in invertebrates are lower thanReach 0 (Table 6-11). Injury to migratory birds is not expected in Reach 9.

6.9 Pueblo Reservoir (Reach 10)

Pueblo Reservoir is discussed separately because of the many differences in physical setting from

other upstream reaches. Overall, there are few metals data for Pueblo Reservoir relative to the amount of

data collected from upstream sites. In the database, water quality data were found extending from about

the mid 1980s to early in 1990. Most studies reviewed, investigated water and sediment quality, and a

few of those included data on biota. None of the studies reviewed were specifically designed to

determine if injuries to natural resources occur at Pueblo Reservoir. Assessment of injury over all time

periods is limited by the paucity of data for all natural resource categories (per NRDA regulations) for

Pueblo Reservoir. For example, the most recent water quality data are from 1989, and most biological

data are from a reconnaissance study investigating irrigation drainage in 1988. However, limited data on

the fundamental resources of surface water and sediments coupled with upstream data provide the basis

for a reasonable assessment of the potential for injury.

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\SCR_currentI.doc 6-38


Surface Water

Herrmann and Mahan (1977) studied the concentration changes in inorganic chemicals pre-

(1972-1974) and post- (1974-1976) impoundment of Arkansas River at Pueblo Reservoir. Dissolved and

suspended levels of all inorganic constituents (Ag, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Co, Pb, Cd, Li, Na, K, Ni, Mg, Ca,

Hg) averaged less than recommended or maximum permissible limits for beneficial uses of reservoir

water during this study. Seasonal, surface, and spatial trends were also observed for most constituents.

Generally, constituents in water samples had higher winter concentrations and lower summer

concentrations associated with high runoff. Based on spatial and surface trends, evaporation has

somewhat of a concentrating effect on dissolved solids, and certain metals (iron, manganese, zinc and

possibly copper, cadmium, and lead) appeared to be precipitating into the sediments. Although iron,

manganese, and zinc did not follow the general trends, they showed depth profiles (samples taken at 3-5m

intervals from the surface to the bottom) with higher dissolved concentrations in water near the bottom

that indicate an exchange is taking place between the reservoir water and sediments. Additionally,

dissolved oxygen tended to decrease with depth. Zinc concentrations were highly variable (range: 1- 38

p.g/1) and may be related to the concentration of suspended matter carried into the reservoir by the

Arkansas River (Herrmann and Mahan 1977).

Mueller et al. (1991) conducted a reconnaissance investigation of water quality, sediment, and

biota associated with irrigation drainage in the middle Arkansas River Basin, which included a sample

site at Pueblo Reservoir in the spring and fall of 1988. Water quality data show the same seasonal trend

as Herrmann and Mahan (1977) observed, although zinc concentrations were not as variable.

McNight et al. (1991) examined the chemical characteristics of particulate organic carbon in

water from one site in Pueblo Reservoir. Most major elements had comparable dissolved and colloid

concentrations indicating they are primarily dissolved components. However, iron, manganese, and zinc

had significantly greater concentrations in the organic colloid fraction indicating they are associated with

that fraction in some way. Concentration ratios of the filtrate to the organic colloid for iron, manganese,

and zinc exceed 500, 99, and 21 respectively (McNight et al. 1991), also indicating association with the

organic colloid fraction. Based on this and other studies (e.g., Kimball et al. 1989), organic colloids may

be important in the downstream transport of trace elements.

The recommended aquatic life criterion for total-recoverable iron (1,000 (j.g/1) (U.S. EPA 1986)

near the reservoir bottom was exceeded in 12 samples during 1986-1989 (Lewis and Edelmann 1994).

J:\010004\Task3 -SCR\SCR_currentl.doc 6-39

All samples that exceeded water quality standards for iron were collected from June through September,

and the authors attributed the iron concentrations to large concentrations of sediment and iron in the

Arkansas River inflow. The sampling site where 11 exceedances were observed is located in a well-

oxygenated area of the reservoir and it is unlikely that iron released from sediments contributed to the

elevated iron concentrations (Lewis and Edelmann 1994).

The public water-supply standard for dissolved manganese (50 |ig/l) (CDPHE 1990) near the

reservoir bottom was exceeded in 26 samples during 1986-1989 (Lewis and Edelmann 1994). The

authors attributed 14 of those exceedances to elevated concentrations of dissolved manganese in the

Arkansas River during summer runoff and the other 12 exceedances were attributed to the mobilization of

dissolved manganese from reservoir bottom sediments during periods of low dissolved-oxygen. Lewis

and Edelmann (1994) reported that manganese releases from the sediments diminished after fall turnover

mixes the deepest waters of the reservoir with well-oxygenated water from near the surface.

Generally, trace elements occur in relatively low concentrations in water (near surface and near

bottom) of Pueblo Reservoir (Lewis and Edelmann 1994). A comparison of total-recoverable and

dissolved concentrations of the predominant trace elements indicates that < 50 percent of the iron,

manganese, and zinc concentrations are dissolved, which suggests that a large percentage of those

elements in Pueblo Reservoir are sorbed to suspended sediment that is transported by the Arkansas River

(Lewis and Edelmann 1994).

Reach 10 water quality data for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc are limited to Periods 2 and 3.

The data period of record (POR) is from 1982 to 1998, but is not consistent for each of the metals.

Considering all of the available dissolved data for each metal over the POR, there is a clear decreasing

trend of concentrations for cadmium, copper, and lead through time. No trends were obvious for zinc.

Tables 6-2 and 6-3 show that all TVS exceedances occurred during Period 2 and no TVS exceedance

occurred during Period 3. Cadmium and lead are the only metals that had exceedances of the TVSs

during Period 2.

During Period 3, Reach 10 had not exceeded the TVSs for any of the four metals evaluated.

Mean dissolved cadmium and lead are slightly elevated in Reach 10 compared to Reach 9, while copper is

lower compared to Reach 9. Mean zinc concentrations are virtually identical between Reaches 9 and 10.

Compared to Reach 0, mean dissolved concentrations of all four metals in Reach 10 are lower.

Available literature indicates the following:


• Overall, few exceedances of water quality standards have occurred (primarily during

Period 2); however, standards were exceeded several times for two trace elements (iron

and manganese) between 1986 and 1989 (Lewis and Edelmann 1994).

• Metals-contaminated sediment and water from the Upper Arkansas River Basin are being

deposited in Pueblo Reservoir; however, concentrations are generally low (Herrmann and

Mahan 1977; Callendar et al. 1988; Church et al. 1994; Lewis and Edelmann 1994).

• Metals concentrations (cadmium, lead, zinc) in water tend to be higher near the sediment

- water interface (within 1m of the bottom) compared to surface samples (Herrmann and

Mahan 1977; Lewis and Edelmann 1994).

• Average metals (cadmium, lead, and zinc) concentrations in tissues of birds tend to be

below threshold values associated with lethal and sublethal (e.g., behavioral and/or

physiological) effects (Mueller et al. 1991; Custer et al. 2003 In Press).

• Certain layers within sediment core samples from the reservoir show deposits that

correspond to discharges from the Yak Tunnel (Callendar et al. 1988; Church et al.

1994).

• Iron, manganese, and zinc appear to be transported to and within the reservoir by colloids

(McKnight et al. 1991).

• Based on the existing data, injuries to natural resources are not currently occurring at

Pueblo Reservoir due to releases of hazardous substances from the Upper Arkansas River

Basin (Herrmann and Mahan 1977; Mueller et al. 1991; Lewis and Edelmann 1994;

Custer et al. 2003 In Press).

• Based on analyses of the data from the electronic database, as of 1990 no measured

metals concentrations have exceeded their respective TVSs in the reservoir. Prior to

1990, TVS exceedances in the reservoir were rare.

Sediments

Callender et al. (1988) collected sediment cores from Pueblo Reservoir for metals analysis and,

based on the vertical distribution of normalized metals data, interpreted the peaks of increased metals to

represent the 1983 and 1985 Yak Tunnel surges. Church et al. (1994) analyzed specific core intervals

from Callender et al.'s (1988) sediment samples and found lead-isotopic compositions that were similar to

mineral deposits at Leadville. For lead, copper, and zinc there is a significant increase in total

concentrations in specific intervals from 2 of 5 sediment cores from Pueblo Reservoir. Church et al.


(1994) concluded that those core intervals contained surge deposits formed as result of releases from the

Yak Tunnel, supporting the interpretation made by Callender et al. (1988).

Herrmann and Mahan (1977) observed some metals (e.g., zinc, copper, cadmium, lead,

manganese, iron) loading of the sediments in Pueblo Reservoir near the inlet. The average zinc

concentration in the sediments was 3-4 times greater than the zinc content of pre-impoundment floodplain

sediments (Table 6-16). Increased metals loading in Pueblo Reservoir was attributed to sediments from

the Leadville Mining District (Herrmann and Mahan 1977). Mueller et al. (1991) collected sediment

samples from one site near the inlet of Pueblo Reservoir. All metals concentrations except zinc were near

pre-impoundment levels (Table 6-16). Lewis and Edelmann (1994) reported elevated lead and zinc

concentrations in reservoir bottom sediments when compared to values from Shacklette and Boerngen

(1984). Those elements are common constituents of mine drainage in the upper Arkansas River Basin.

Weathering of sedimentary rock in the lower half of the Basin is another source of iron and manganese to

the reservoir.

• Sediment metals data were compiled and found to be present for each of the three Periodsof interest for Reach 10, Pueblo Reservoir (Table 6-7). Sediment data for PuebloReservoir were limited for Periods 1 and 3, with only a single sample collected during

either period.

• Mean lead and zinc concentrations were higher in Period 2 over the single measurementpoint available for Period 1, while cadmium and copper are lower during Period 2.

• Compared to Period 2, mean concentrations of cadmium, copper, and lead are slightly

greater during Period 3, while zinc was lower during Period 3.

• Compared to Reach 0, the single sediment sample collected for Reach 10 during Period 3shows that concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc are lower in Reach 10 than the

mean values observed for Reach 0.

Biological

Custer et al. (2003 In Press) sampled livers from barn and tree swallows from Pueblo Reservoir in

1997-98. They were able to sample only 3 birds in 1997 and 3 birds in 1998. Average concentrations for

all metals were less than Reach 0 and all samples were less than the literature-based thresholds.

Mueller et al. (1991) sampled adult and juvenile waterfowl and shorebirds from Pueblo Reservoir

and analyzed livers for metals. Only cadmium in adult birds exceeded the concentrations from Reach 0,

J:\010004\Task3-SCR\SCR_currentl.doc ' 6-42

but it did not exceed the literature-based benchmark. However, adult birds sampled from Pueblo

Reservoir are not a valid indicator of exposure from Pueblo Reservoir as the birds may have been exposed

at another site. Cadmium and lead in juvenile birds were all less than the detection limit. Some juvenile

birds had zinc concentrations that were higher than Reach 0, but the average zinc concentration was less

than the literature-based benchmark.

Mueller et al. (1991) also sampled fish in June and October from Pueblo Reservoir. They

analyzed whole-body composite samples of several different species (bluegill, common carp, gizzard

shad, channel catfish, and small mouth bass). Neither cadmium nor lead had detectable concentrations

and zinc concentrations were below benchmark values.

6.9.2 Summary of Injury Findings for Pueblo Reservoir

• Available information on water quality indicates that injury to surface water is notpresent within Pueblo Reservoir. Surface water quality data do not show exceedances of

the TVSs.

• The December 2000 CDPHE Status of Water Quality Report indicates that the PuebloReservoir and the Arkansas River downstream of the reservoir is fully supporting itsdesignated uses.

• Sediment concentrations also indicate lack of injury. Although limited in numbers, datafrom about 20 years suggests that Pueblo Reservoir sediments are of similar or betterquality than those found in the upstream reference, Reach 0.

• Corresponding to the lack of injury in surface water and sediment, no injuries wereobserved or are expected for aquatic or terrestrial biological resources within Pueblo

Reservoir.

6.10 Baseline Considerations

There are many land use and resource management factors influencing the condition of the

Downstream Area. This overview makes no attempt to characterize those influences. It should be noted

that there are several historic mining districts located in the Downstream Area within the Arkansas River

Basin. They include the Twin Lakes Mining District located above Twin Lakes, the Monarch Mining

District located in the Chalk Creek area, the Rosita Hills Mining District located near Westcliff, and the

Cripple Creek Mining District near Cripple Creek and Victor. In addition, there are three hazardous


waste sites that are either on the National Priorities List or proposed for listing. They include

Smeltertown located just North of Salida, Lincoln Park located southwest of Canon City, and College of

the Canons located southwest of Canon City. The influences of any of these mining districts or sites on

the condition of the UARB resources were not explored.

There have been numerous attempts by state and federal agencies to evaluate the role of non-

mining impacts on the physical, chemical, and biological resources of the Upper Arkansas River. The

Downstream Area is heavily managed, influenced by a variety of factors that have an effect on water

quality, including:

• Trans-mountain diversions and flow augmentation from various tributaries;• Urban development;

• Irrigation for agricultural uses;• Hydroelectric power generation;• Treatment of municipal and industrial waste;• Recreational uses;

• Flood control; and• Maintenance of the fishery.

Five major population centers are located in the Arkansas River Basin: Leadville; Colorado

Springs; Pueblo; Las Animas; and Lamar. The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment

reported 88 permitted point source discharges in the Arkansas Basin, not including those covered by

general permits: 55 domestic waste treatment facilities, twelve hardrock and mine dewatering permits,

eleven industrial plants, six power plants, two hot springs pools, one water treatment plant, and two fish

hatcheries (CDPHE 2002).

Particular emphasis has been placed upon flow regulation as it relates to recreation and influences

on aquatic life (BLM 2000). The situation is then further complicated by the extensive use of the river

between Buena Vista and the Pueblo Reservoir for recreational purposes. This stretch of the Arkansas

River is reportedly the most widely used river in Colorado (CDPHE 2002). The main issue is how water

delivery (scale and timing) influences recreational uses (i.e., rafting) versus the quality of the fishery.

There is a difference between water releases to promote maintenance of the fishery versus flows

appropriate for recreational rafting. A suitable hydrograph for brown trout was illustrated earlier in this

report. The timing of peak flows and lower summer flows for fish does not necessarily correspond with

those flows more suitable for good Whitewater rafting in the mid to late summer. These are conflicting

management issues that not only affect water quality due to dilution and flushing, but also the biological

resources due to quality of water as well as quantity.

J:\OI0004\Task 3 - SCR\SCR_currentl .doc 6-44

TABLES

Table 6-1

Summary Statistics for Dissolved Metals Concentrations in Surface Waters from the Downstream Area during Period 1, Table Value Standards (TVS), andExceedences of TVSs for Each Metal during High and Low Flows

Reach

5

6

7

8

9

Analyte

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cu

Zn

CuZn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Flow

H

LHLHLHLLH

L

LLHLH

LH

L

HLHLHLHL

HL

StaCnt

1111111111

31

21111

131

11111

11

22

n

81065810

8111515

13111

11

31

2252321

37

Min

0.0004

0.0010.00030.00030.0002

0.00013

0.000080.00013

0.0020.17

0.21

0.002

0.110.00005

0.001

0.00250.002

0.00050.002

0.0330.08

0.00050.00050.0040.0020.0010.0010.02

0.008

Max

0.0040.004

0.0090.244

0.001570.00122

0.000250.02

0.0020.39

0.82

0.0020.19

0.000050.001

0.00250.002

0.00050.002

0.0330.11

0.0010.0010.0110.0030.0690.0019.66.4

Avg

0.00150.0025

0.00520.0523

0.00080.0006

0.00010.00210.0020.264

0.4387

0.0020.14

0.00010.0010.0025

0.002

0.00050.002

0.033

0.0950.00080.00060.00750.0023

0.0350.0013.21331.7869

Stdev

0.00130.0014

0.00360.1072

0.00050.00040.0001

0.0059

0.1108

0.2018

0.0436

0

0.02120.00040.00020.0050.0006

0.0481

5.5313.017

AvgHard

NDND

NDNDNDNDNDND81.9

44.9581.9

103.98103.9878.03

133.9378.03133.93

78.03133.93

78.03

133.93132.1

248.11132.1

248.11

132.1248.11132.1

248.11

AcuteTVS

NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND

0.01110.0595

0.09890.01390.1211

0.00280.00510.0106

0.01770.04920.0886

0.0950.15010.0050.00990.01750.03160.08730.1710.14840.2531

ChronicTVS

NDND

NDNDNDNDND

ND0.00760.0598

0.0995

0.00930.12170.00190.00280.0072

0.0115

0.00190.00350.0955

0.15090.00270.00440.01140.01950.00340.00670.14910.2544

>Acute

05

15

01

000

0000

000000012

>Chronic

0515

01

00

000

00000001012

By Flow Period

%>Acute

ND

NDNDNDNDNDNDND

0100.00100.00

0

33.33

000

0000

00000

00

33.3328.57

%>Chronic

NDND

NDNDNDNDNDND0

100.00

100.00

033.33

000

000

000000

500

33.3328.57

Across all Flows

%>Acute

ND

ND

ND

ND

100.00

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

30

%>Chronic

100.00

0

0

0

0

0

0

33.33

30

Note: Only reaches where data are available are shown.ND-No data

Table 6-2


Reach

5

6

7

Analyte

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Flow

HLHLHLHLHL

H

LH

LHLH

LHLHLH

L

StaCnt

1111

111167

5

67855

4444444

4

n

5431

54

54845542

49

4553

4846

38

351830213220

33

Min

0.00020.0010.00040.001

0.000220.000140.000050.0001

0.000050.00005

0.0003

0.00050.0001

0.00050.00001

0.005

0.000050.00005

0.0010.0010.00050.00050.023

0.019

Max

0.0010.0020.0010.001

0.000560.00030.000190.00017

0.001010.0050.032

0.1380.014

0.0060.170.62

0.0010.0010.0490.01750.0260.014

0.091

0.19

AVR

0.00080.00130.00080.001

0.00040.00020.00010.00010.00040.0005

0.0035

0.00460.0014

0.00090.07460.1114

0.00030.00040.00690.00370.00360.00260.0503

0.066

Stdev

0.00040.00050.0003

0.00010.00010.00010.000030.00020.00070.005

0.01950.00250.001

0.03680.09750.0002

0.00030.01120.00310.00610.003

0.0184

0.0313

AvgHard

NDNDNDND

NDNDNDND

47.9368.3947.93

68.3947.93

68.3947.9368.3955.98

92.955.9892.955.9892.955.98

92.9

AcuteTVS

NDNDNDND

NDNDNDND

0.00170.00250.0067

0.0094

0.02880.04260.06280.08490.002

0.00340.00780.01250.03420.05960.0717

0.1101

ChronicTVS

NDNDNDND

NDNDNDND

0.00130.0017

0.0048

0.0065

0.00110.00170.06320.0854

0.00150.00210.00550.00840.00130.00230.072

0.1107

>Acute

01

21

00

2623

0021003

2

>Chronic

02

71

87

2621

0041

912

2

2

By Flow Period

%>Acute

NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND

01.82

4.76

2.04

00

54.1750.00

00

11.113.33

00

15.00

6.06

%>Chronic

NDNDNDNDNDNDNDND

03.64

16.67

2.0417.7813.2154.1745.65

00

22.223.33

42.8637.5010.00

6.06

Across all Flows%>Acute

ND

ND

ND

ND

0.72

3.30

0

52.13

0

6.25

0

9.43

%>Chronic

ND

ND

ND

ND

1.44

8.79

15.31

50.00

0

10.42

39.62

7.55

ND-Nodnta

Page 1 of 2

Table 6- tinued

Reach

8

9

10

Analyte

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Flow

HLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHL

StaCnt

81068910682323232244444444

n

606229525061325437523955375138509699819295957591

Min

0.000050.00005

0.0010.00050.00050.00050.0050.006

0.000050.000050.00050.00050.000250.00025

0.0010.00150.000050.000050.00050.00050.000250.000250.00050.0005

Max

0.010.0020.022

0.01410.0250.0090.0670.1150.0030.0040.0340.0280.0140.0130.160.120.0240.0040.0090.0130.0060.0220.060.12

Avg

0.00070.00040.00470.00330.00270.00190.03010.03320.00060.00070.00770.00420.00240.00130.01940.0240.00160.0010.00230.00270.00180.0020.00850.0094

Stdev

0.00140.00050.00460.00340.00430.00210.01760.02340.00060.0010.00770.00450.00330.00210.02620.02140.00340.001

0.00150.00210.00130.00290.01080.0154

AYRHard

70.51109.370.51109.370.51109.370.51109.3113.92189.94113.92189.94113.92189.94113.92189.94170.27184.52170.27184.52170.27184.52170.27184.52

AcuteTVS

0.00250.00410.00970.01460.04410.07110.08720.12640.00430.00740.01520.02460.07440.12890.13090.20180.00660.00720.02220.02390.11470.1250.184

0.1969

ChronicTVS

0.00170.00240.00660.00970.00170.00280.08760.1270.00250.0036

0.010.01550.00290.005

0.13150.20280.00330.00350.01410.01510.00450.00490.18490.1979

>Acute

303000000041001030000000

>Chronic

4045181700137272101040021100

By Flow Period%>Acute

5.000.0010.340.000.000.000.000.000.000.0010.261.820.000.002.630.003.130.000.000.000.000.000.000.00

%>Chronic6.670.0013.799.6236.0027.870.000.002.705.7717.953.6418.923.922.630.0010.424.040.000.002.1111.580.000.00


2.46

3.70

0.00

0.00

0.00

5.32

0.00

1.14

1.54

0.00

0.00

0.00

%>Chronic3.28

11.11

31.53

0.00

4.49

9.57

10.23

1.14

7.18

0.00

6.84

0.00

Note: Only reaches where data are available are shown.

Page 2 of 2

Table 6-3


c

7

C(\

Pll

Ph

7n

PH

PHuu

Ph

7n

PH

p.,

Ph

7n

171 nu;

H

LHLH

LH

LH

LHL

H

L

H

L

H

LHL

HL

H

L

StaCnt

1

11

9

9

99

9

108833333333

101210129111012

212187210184

19918221316910089102851018610382

Min

0.00015

0.000350.00210.00120.0010.0010.0590.051

0.00005

0.00005

0.00010.0001

0.0005

0.00050.0050.004

0.000050.00005

0.00010.00010.00050.00050.004

0.004

0.00254

0.001070.00730.01270.0035

0.0010.5680.3470.029

0.00250.0170.0079

0.0310.0070.640.371

0.0012

0.0660.0410.01240.0050.02530.1370.14

AVg

0.00080.00060.00420.0038

0.00170.001

0.22170.1490.0006

0.00030.00270.0018

0.00080.00060.0683

0.0762

0.0002

0.0010.00240.00180.00080.00150.03980.0396

Cfripv

0.0007

0.00030.00170.003

0.0009

00.1632

0.0810.00260.00050.00160.0014

0.0022

0.00050.0729

0.05620.0002

0.0070.00440.0020.00080.0030.02730.0246

AvgHard

80.76

109.5880.76109.5880.76

109.5880.76

109.5847.05

62.7947.0562.79

47.0562.7947.05

62.7954.776.1954.776.1954.776.1954.776.19

AcuteTVS

0.00290.00410.011

0.01460.0511

0.07130.0978

0.12660.0016

0.00220.00660.0087

0.0282

0.03880.0619

0.0790.0019

0.00280.00760.01040.03330.0480.0703

0.0931

ChronicTVS

0.0019

0.00240.00750.00970.002

0.00280.09830.12730.0013

0.00160.00470.006

0.00110.00150.0622

0.07940.0014

0.00180.00530.00710.00130.00190.07060.0935

000000659920106752012100122

10014065109172

132

665201421219122

By Flow

%>Acute

0.000.000.000.000.000.0060.0041.674.254.810.950.000.500.0031.4630.77

0.001.121.961.180.000.0011.652.44

Period

%>Chronic

10.000.000.008.33

44.44

0.0060.0041.674.724.818.101.096.531.10

30.99

30.77

0.001.123.922.3511.8822.09

11.652.44

Across a

%>Acute

0.00

0.00

0.00

50.00

4.51

0.51

0.26

31.15

0.53

1.60

0.00

7.57

11 Flows

%>Chronic

4.55

4.55

20.00

50.00

4.76

4.82

3.94

30.89

0.53

3.21

16.58

7.57

ND-No data

Page 1 of 2

Table 6- itinued

Reach

8

9

10

Analyte

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Flow

HLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHL

StaCnt

686767672323232322222222

n

19419918719719620419117812231225112812202120212022201817

Min

0.000050.000050.00010.00010.00050.00050.0030.001

0.000050.000050.00030.00010.000250.000250.00150.00150.000050.000050.00050.00020.00050.00050.0030.003

Max

0.00090.00210.0390.01010.01310.16770.2260.175

0.000250.00020.004

0.00770.0020.0010.0610.05

0.00010.00030.0030.0020.0020.00050.0470.048

Avg

0.00010.00010.00190.00120.00080.00170.04070.0360.00070.00060.00120.00130.00060.00050.02410.01480.00010.00010.00070.00070.00060.00050.02160.0143

Stdev

0.00010.00020.00330.00130.00140.0120.03430.0250.0001

0.000030.00120.00190.00050.00020.01920.01330.000020.00010.00060.00040.0004

00.01550.0143

AvgHard

75.72107.4875.72107.4875.72107.4875.72107.48118.61159.76118.61159.76118.61159.76118.61159.76167.59200.38167.59200.38167.59200.38167.59200.38

AcuteTVS

0.00270.004

0.01030.01440.04760.06990.09260.12460.00450.00620.01580.02090.07770.10710.13540.17430.00650.00790.02190.02590.11280.13640.18150.2112

ChronicTVS

0.00180.00240.00710.00950.00190.00270.09310.12520.00250.00320.01040.01340.0030.00420.13610.17520.00330.00370.01390.01620.00440.00530.18240.2123

>Acute

0020011640000000000000000

>Chronic

0031

1251540000000000000000

By Flow Period%>Acute

0.000.001.070.000.000.498.382.25

0000000000000000

%>Chronic0.000.001.600.516.122.457.852.25

0000000000000000


0.00

0.52

0.25

5.42

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

%>Chronic0.00

1.04

4.25

5.15

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Note: Only reaches where data are available are shown.ND-No data

Page 2 of 2

Table 6-4

Summary Statistics for Surface Water Concentrations of Total Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in theDownstream Area during Period 1

Reach

7

8

9

Analyte

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Flow

HLHLHLHLHLH

LHLHLHLHLHLHL

StaCnt

1111111132212121

32222222

n

2102135106

269167188171127713618618619

Min

0.0010.0004

0.0130.002

0.0070.004

0.080.05

0.00019

0.00030.0047

0.0020.00050.007

0.0590.02

0.000150.00015

0.0030.0025

0.0045

0.0020.040.01

Max

0.009

0.0014

0.0210.015

0.0390.040.480.220.0490.004

0.039

0.0460.14

0.1050.860.65

0.00410.01

0.0580.033

0.120.0940.770.27

Avg

0.005

0.00080.0170.007

0.02260.0116

0.20170.12580.0079

0.00130.0137

0.00910.04210.0205

0.24810.1341

0.0020.0012

0.02250.0073

0.0579

0.01190.3483

0.0826

StdDev

0.0057

0.00030.0057

0.0033

0.01150.0115

0.15180.04510.01550.0012

0.0123

0.00960.0528

0.02750.2508

0.14390.00160.0027

0.01960.0072

0.0501

0.02150.269

0.065ND-No data

Table 6-5

Summary Statistics for Surface Water Concentrations of Total Cadmium, Copper, Lead,and Zinc in the Downstream Area during Period 2

Reach

6

7

8

9

irt

Analyte

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Ce\

fnV_U

Ph

7n

Flow

HLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHL

StaCnt

77674561444444447969696834343434444444

44

n

916447

59395351615064235120552758647938703574

4376244320341935203684858889858592103

Min

0.000050.000050.00050.00050.00050.00050.0190.005

0.000050.000050.00230.00110.00050.00050.040.045

0.000050.000050.00180.00050.00050.00050.0030.02

0.000050.000050.005

0.00220.004

0.00050.0050.005

0.000050.000220.001

0.00120.00050.00050.001

0.0025

Max

0.010.010.0640.1750.0430.0380.840.940.0050.010.06

0.01580.05

0.0210.670.270.010.010.080.180.0530.0430.820.3

0.0050.0050.070.0260.098

10.790.240.010.010.430.0480.0250.08

0.5150.1

Avg

0.00120.00140.00810.006

0.00850.00430.16010.13290.0010.00090.01330.00560.01680.00610.19010.12360.00150.00110.01260.01070.01490.006

0.18790.08140.00250.00160.02230.00790.02090.03460.187

0.06820.00270.00310.01030.00720.00420.00550.01740.0162

StdDev

0.00170.00240.01070.02260.01180.00780.17140.14120.00110.00180.01250.00270.01560.00480.14690.05060.00220.00220.01390.02610.01420.00730.18920.05490.00210.00210.01780.006

0.02130.16810.16420.05560.003

0.00290.04550.00720.00390.009

0.05350.0169

Table 6-6

Summary Statistics for Surface Water Concentrations of Total Cadmium, Copper, Lead,and Zinc in the Downstream Area during Period 3

ReachJAoalyte

5

6

7

8

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Flow

HLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHL

StaCnt

1

11

11111989898982222222266666666

n

10

12101210121012

21618921418720417621818910057100551005710157

220207218202221205218200

Min

0.000340.000420.00280.00140.00380.0010.0820.052

0.000050.000050.00050.00050.00050.0005

0.010.005

0.000050.000050.00050.00050.00050.00050.0050.005

0.000050.000050.00050.00050.00050.00050.0050.005

Max

0.003490.00119

0.0150.00520.0450.00740.6920.3930.0280.0080.0750.00660.04080.013

10.4610.00550.0010.055

0.01112.7210.02640.3540.2680.005

0.002180.0890.0450.0703

0.20.4820.45

Avg

0.00130.00080.00580.00290.01230.00480.27620.18130.00090.00050.00470.00230.00630.00.140.12260.09020.00050.00030.00530.00290.03070.00190.0760.05870.00040.00020.00530.00360.00690.00290.102

0.0551

StdDev

0.00110.00020.00380.001

0.01250.002

0.20920.08710.00240.00080.00570.00120.00880.00220.11980.07180.00080.00030.00920.00210.27190.00480.06890.0450.00050.00040.00780.00470.01030.01490.08460.053

Page 1 of 2

Table 6-6 ContinuedReach|Analyte

9

10

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Cu

Pb

Zn

FlowHLHLHLHLHLHLHLHL

StaCnt2323232322222222

n142814

281329142821

25212521252125

Min0.000050.000050.00260.00150.00050.00050.0250.011

0.000050.000050.00050.00050.00050.00050.0050.005

Max0.0020.0020.02930.0340.04

0.0430.3230.14

0.0010.0010.00680.00410.00610.0030.06

0.056

Avg

0.00040.00030.00840.00460.00810.00330.09760.03490.00020.00030.00230.00150.00130.00070.02430.014

StdDev0.00050.00040.00740.0060.01240.0080.09530.023

0.00030.00040.00150.00090.00150.00050.01550.0127

Page 2 of 2

Table 6-7

Concentrations of Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc (dry weight) in Reach 0 Sediments and theDownstream Area Sediments in Periods 1, 2, and 3

Period

1

2

Reach

0

6

7

8

9

10

6

7

8

9

10

AnalyteCadmiumCopperLeadZinc

CadmiumCopperLeadZinc










StaCnt1111888855553333333311113333111144441110111113131313

n111188885555333333331111333322225555

2018202021212222

Min1873162

3,9632.5162.5252.52727332.53424542.5119

28.52.5267

99.51165

2412,160

5471439253

40457080.13

171183

0.37115.646

Max1873162

3,9639

461281682.5481055332.541471616

42301572.5267

99.521121526

3,6009

58221

1,6807

52111

1,5205.940938633.73690390

Avg18.073.0162.0

3,963.03.3

30.650.7103.22.5

36.263.6195.82.5

37.739.398.33.7

31.018.0

103.22.5

26.07.0

99.515.387.3

346.72,813.3

7.052.5182.0

1,302.54.2

44.083.8

994.21.1

29.944.9309.9

0.823.636.7182.5

Stdev

2.310.137.154.50.08.5

32.2199.10.03.513.355.82.017.310.866.7

5.129.7156.1729.22.87.8

55.2533.9

1.64.724.8

310.11.46.2

23.3168.10.77.4

25.8114.2

Table 6-7 ContinuedPeriod

3

Reach

0

5

6

7

8

9

10

Analyte | StaCntCadmium

CopperLeadZinc


CadmiumCopper

LeadZinc





22123323111181144441515151533331111

n61310175525171781744441717171733331111

Min1

3.182425

5.4823.58602

310.851.357.0467.6

238.390.698.7438.5206

0.3427.577.5488

0.4158.3512.894.4

23137180

Max23170510

2,5001663770

280015.4

79.78550

2,5593.04321276534.5240.513084023453

5602

3137180

Avg6.2

24.788.9

345.010.440.5686.0

1,543.74.8

29.8287.3981.1

1.420.389.4

469.81.8

22.847.2

459.51.1

21.831.9

288.12.0

31.037.0180.0

Stdev8.5

44.5152.0646.74.616.7

118.8906.4

3.518.1

142.8559.4

1.19.5

38.7189.9

1.38.8

26.3234.40.812.920.2

242.4

Table 6-8

Summary Table of Groundwater Data (mg/L) in Reaches 5 through 10 for Periods 1, 2, and 31

Deep WellsReach

6666

66666666

6666666666666666

677777888888888999

Date

6/4/852/16/883/26/913/26/91

12/17/925/10/935/10/946/3/946/8/94

6/19/946/29/947/19/94

7/27/949/9/965/12/975/20/976/16/976/17/976/23/976/26/976/7/991/31/001/31/004/27/005/9/00

5/10/005/18/005/31/00

6/21/004/27/735/12/925/2/94

6/18/974/24/004/26/734/27/734/29/735/4/946/29/944/7/97

6/16/976/19/006/26/004/15/724/26/735/26/73

Cadmium

0.000040.00005 <

0.0025 <

0.0005 <0.0001 25 <

0.0005 <

0.000125 <

0.0005 <

0.000125 <

0.0001 5 <0.0001 5 <0.0001 5 <0.00005 <0.00005 <0.0001 5 <0.0001 5 <0.00005 <

0.000125 <0.000125 <0.000 15 <

0.000125 <0.000125 <0.000125 <

0.00040.00015 <

Copper'

0.020.0060.0070.080.0040.0010.0080.012

0.020.017

0.020.0005 <

0.0040.0040.0070.0350.16

0.002 <

0.00120.01 <0.14

0.0760.015

O.OK

0.002 <0.2

0.0130.393

0.01

0.03

Lead'0.016

0.0010.009

0.01 <

0.0005 <0.0025 <

0.002

0.002

0.0050.0005 <

0.004

0.0005 <0.002

0.0005 <

0.0020.0005 <0.0005 <

0.003

0.0025 <0.0005 <

0.001 <0.0030.002

0.0025 <0.0025 <0.0005 <

0.002

Zinc'

0.03

0.250.120.09

0.030.030.06

Well-ID1 08800-00 1 @ Shangri La TC, Well ft 1

108550-001 @ Mt Princeton MHP & RVP, Well #1108450-001 @ Collegiate Valley MV, Block Well

108550-001 @ Mt Princeton MHP & RVP, Well #1108100-001 ©Snowy Peaks RV& MHP, Well #1 -

Irrigation only108350-001 @ Buena Vista Correctional Fac., Cistern

108950-001 @ Valley MHP, Blend Tank #1108050-001 @ Pinon Pines MHP, Well #1

108800-001 @ Shangri La TC, Well #1108100-002 @ Snowy Peaks RV & MHP, Well #2108450-001 @ Collegiate Valley MV, Block Well

108550-001 @ Mt Princeton MHP & RVP, Well #11081 00-004 @ Snowy Peaks RV & MHP, Well #4 (aka

NEW WELL)108350-001 @ Buena Vista Correctional Fac., Cistern

1 08800-00 1 @ Shangri La TC, Well # 1108100-002 @ Snowy Peaks RV & MHP, Well #2

108950-001 @ Valley MHP, Blend Tank #1108550-001 @ Mt Princeton MHP & RVP, Well #1

108050-001 @ Pinon Pines MHP, Well #1108450-001 @ Collegiate Valley MV, Block Well

108350-001 @ Buena Vista Correctional Fac., Cistern208200-OOJjg Chateau Chaparral CG, Well #1208200-002 @ Chateau Chaparrel CG, Well #2

108550-001 @ Mt Princeton MHP & RVP, Well #11 08950-00 1 @ Valley MHP, Blend Tank # 1

1 08800-00 1 @ Shangri La TC, Well # 1108050-001 @ Pinon Pines MHP, Well #1

1 08450-001 @ Collegiate Valley MV, Block Well108100-005 @ Snowy Peaks RV & MHP, Pipeline for

Wells #2 & #4383254 1 060 1 0200 @ NA0500093 1 BAB

108400-001 @ Fesslers MHP, Well #1 / West108400-001 @ Fesslers MHP, Well #1 / West108400-001 @ Fesslers MHP, Well #1 / West

1 08400-003 @ Fesslers MHP, Wells #1 and #238291 2 105225200® SCI 8-71-1 8BBB

382310105460800 @ NA04801 129ACC3822 15 10541 2000 @ NA04801231BBD

108600-001 @ Mountain Vista Village, Pump House Tank108200-001 @ Big Springs TP, Big Spring

108600-001 @ Mountain Vista Village, Pump House Tank1 08200-00 1 @ Big Springs TP, Big Spring1 08200-00 1 @ Big Springs TP, Big Spring

108600-001 @ Mountain Vista Village, Pump House Tank382359105070900 @ SC01906916BAD33820361 04555600 @ SC02006706BAD381846104514100 @ SC02006714BAC

Data Source68686868

6868686868686868

68686868686868686868686868686868

683168686868313131686868686868313131

Other (springs, etc)Reach

888

Date9/29/7510/10/756/2/1976

Cadmium

0.001 <

Capper0.001 <

Lead0.0045 <

Zinc0.02

0.01 <0.02

Well-ID382557 105 1 54600 @ CANON CITY HOT SPRING

382907105544100 @ WELLSVILLE WARM SPRINGS382849105532500 @ SWISSVALE WARM SPRING A

Data Source313131

Well Depth UnknownReach

88

Date | Cadmium4/27/734/27/73

Copper0.01 <

Lead0.0070.005

Zinc0.020.38

Well-ID382842 1 055341 00 @ NA49-1 0-20CDD382843105534300 @ NA49-IO-20CDC

Data Source

3131

Data is from Consulting Team database.:MCL = 0.005 mg/L.3There is no MCL for copper, but it has a drinking water supply standard of 1.3 mg/L in Colorado.JTher is no MCL for lead, but it has an action level of 0.015 mg/L in Colorado.5MCL = 5.0 mg/L.< Indicates non-detect. For non-detects. one half of the detection l imit is shown in this table as the data value.For data set 68 CDPHE data, values are for total metals concentrations. For all other data sets, values are dissolved metals concentrations.

Table 6-9

Total Soil Concentrations for Lead and Zinc for Floodplain Soils in the Control Area (Reach 0) andfor Reaches 6-9

Reach

06789

LeadMean238376864020

Range97-464

20-1,60332-18020-12620-29

St. Dev.13645744281.3

ZincMean42886832828171

Range184-857

40-4,393105-1,23242-81340-150

St. Dev224

1,21333216029

Table 6-10

Average Metals Concentrations in Mixed Invertebrate Speciesby Reach and by Year from the Downstream Area (ppm, wet weight)'

Year (sample size) Cadmium Copper Lead ZincReach 5

1995 (n=l)1996 (n=l)1997(n=l)1998 (n=3)

2.13.20.30.8

12.07.99.67.4

20.525.31.9

12.8

244.5338.0108.6198.0

Reach 61995(n=l)1996 (n=4)1997 (n=2)1998 (n=4)

3.83.50.80.8

13.112.27.76.4

88.234.98.711.0

671.8352.8143.6170.3

Reach 71998 (n=3) 0.6 6.6 | 1.7 153.7

Reach 81995 (n=3)1996 (n=3)1997 (n=7)1998 (n=17)

0.51.50.90.3

5.67.68.96.7

6.96.24.91.3

142.5184.3188.6109.3

Reach 91998 (n=2) 0.1 4.9 1.5 41.4

'Data from Archuleta ct al. (2000)

Table 6-11

Average Metal Concentrations in Mixed Invertebrate Speciesby Downstream Reach Compared to Reach 0 (ppm, wet weight)'

Reach (sample size)Reach 0 (n= 12)Reach 5 (n=6)Reach 6 (n= 11)Reach 7 (n=3)Reach 8 (n=30)Reach 9 (n=2)

Benchmark

Cadmium1.61.32.10.60.60.12.0

Copper5.68.59.36.67.14.9NR

Lead2.514.326.31.73.21.52.0

Zinc119.7214.2277.4153.7138.641.450.0

NR - Not Reported

Table 6-12

Average Metals Concentrations in American Dipper Bloodand Liver Samples From Reaches 5-8 (ppm, wet weight)1

BloodReach 5Reach 6Reach 7ReachSReach 0

StudyReference

BenchmarkLiver

Reach 5Reach 6Reach 7ReachSReach 0

StudyReference

Benchmark

n51043014

27

--

242134

14

--

Cadmium0.040.010.010.010.04

0.01

NR-1

Copper0.290.160.070.130.23

0.16

NR

Lead0.220.130.040.050.11

0.04

0.20

1 10.142.000.030.170.84

0.21

40.00

10.008.0910.005.865.39

6.90

NR

0.610.840.040.090.19

0.01

2.00

Zinc6.293.772.884.0013.93

4.09

60.00

25.8629.7922.1825.5734.31

21.38

60.00

2Study Reference Site: Poudre River, Colorado3NR - Not Reported

Table 6-13

American Dipper ALAD for Reaches 5, 6, 7, 8, 0 and the Study Reference1

Location

Reach 5Reach 6Reach 7Reach 8Reach 0

Study Reference

N

494

- 241023

ALAD Activity

6125306299037351203

% ALAD ReductionCompared to theStudy Reference2

4956482539

% ALAD ReductionCompared to Reach 0

1728140

'From Archuleta et al. 20002Study Reference Site: Poudre River, Colorado

Table 6-14

Tree Swallow ALAD for Reaches 7, 8, 0 and the Study Reference1

Location

Reach 7Reach 8Reach 0

Study Reference2

N

626

2120

ALAD Activity

65485574

% ALAD ReductionCompared to theStudy Reference

124031-

% ALAD ReductionCompared to Reach 0

013—0

2Study Reference Site: Casper, WY, Pueblo, CO, and Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota

Table 6-15

Average Metals Concentrations in Tree SwallowLiver Samples from Reaches 6-8 (ppm, wet weight)1

LiverReach 6Reach 7ReachSReach 0

StudyReference

Benchmark

n109310

30

--

Cadmium | Copper0.160.130.120.05

<dl

40.00

5.955.649.045.16

17.71

NR

Lead0.060.050.210.06

<dl

2.00

Zinc22.4521.1720.7721.09

70.8

60.00

NR - Not Reported< - Less Than Detection Limit

Table 6-16

Average Metals Concentrations (M-g/g) in Sediment Samples at Pueblo Reservoir from1972 to 1988

Pre-impoundment ( 1972- 1974) '

Post-impoundment (1974-1976) 'Mueller etal. (1991) 2

Lewis and Edelmann (1994) 3

Cadmium

4.20

4.40

2.0

—

Copper

31.1

37.2

40

35

Lead

65.0

99.9261

52

Zinc

113394

360

2781 Data from Herrmann and Mahan (1977)1 One Sampling Site1 Mean From All Samples

FIGURES

Color Map(s)

The following pagescontain color that does

not appear in thescanned images.

To view the actual images, pleasecontact the Superfund Records

Center at (303) 312-6473.

-J : -RA\DS-BASE.G;

ArkR5Two Hi i ( i i i l c h to Above l .ak

Lake Creek lo Above Chalk Creek

Buena V i s t a

Ark R7Chalk Creek 10 Ahcne S. I ork Arkansas R i \ c r

PuebURe sen

EXPLANATIONHydrology

River or Stream^^— Watershed Boundary•^^^^— Downstream Area

of Arkansas River

Other FeaturesTown or Landmark

10

S C A I . H 1 N M i l . I S

10

UPPER ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN

SITE CHARACTERIZATION SUMMARY

FIGURE 6-1

DOWNSTREAM AREA

PROJECT 010004.3 DATE: OCT 22, 2002REV: 1 BY: MCP I CHK: SAW

MFC, Inc.consulting scientists and engineers

25000

20000

15000 -

a

N

10000

5000

D 1o m oCN CN OO

• 1988 Ext

• 1988 Tot

D 1993 Ext

D 1993 Tot

I I 1(H itll HI ml ril rfifl • m ml ml fill rfi m

CM CM CM CM CM

Distance (km) downstream from Climax

Figure 6-2

Comparison of Total (Tot) and Extractable (Ext) Zinc in Sediment Samples Collected during Kimball's 1988 and Church's 1993 Sediment Assessments

22-01T-: ;ML: N: ARCPRffOIOOMMlDS-BLMSOILAML

I


River or Stream

Watershed Boundary

Downstream Areaof Arkansas River

< \A/

Other Features

• BLM 2000 Soil SampleLocation(CLEAR CREEK)

CCHA- E

Town or Landmark

Colorado Spri'ngs^- !

Buena Vista

(CHAMPION)CHT1A-E

(PARKDALEREC SITE)PDT1A-C

(FLOODPLAIN)FPT1A-E

(BIG BEND)BBT1A- E

(PARKDALEBRIDGE)PBT1A-DSaliday

i(PINNACLE ROCK)PiRoTIA

Canon City(SPIKE BUCK)SBT1A

FBI SCALE IN MILES5

(VALLEY BRIDGE)VB SALT LICK)

SLT1A-E(GRAPE CREEK)GCT1A- D

T2A-H UPPER ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN(TEXAS CREEK)TCT1A-E


BLM 2000 SOIL SAMPLESIN THE

DOWNSTREAM AREA

PROJECT 010004.3 DATE: OCT22, 2002BY: MCP | CHK:


22-OCT-2CC- II - :VEG.AML

f

Colorado Springs

Buena VistaOpen Valley

> Floodplain\ (Figure 6 -5 ) .-''

Open ValleyFloodplain

(Figure 6 -6 )

Canon City

Open Valley; Floodplain

\(Figure 6- 8)

Open ValleyFloodplain

(Figure 6 - 7 )


River or StreamWatershed BoundaryDownstream Areaof Arkansas River

Other Features

Open ValleyFloodplains

8.0

SCALE I N M I L H S

8.0



FIGURE 6-4

POTENTIAL SEDIMENTDEPOSITION AREAS IN THE

DOWNSTREAM AREA

PROJECT 010004.3 DATE: OCT 22. 2002REV: 1 BY: MCP | CHK: SAW


22-OCT-2002 GRA: NMRCPRJMIOOMGRffiDS-Ri". - 3VEG.AML


xx«, •

" .


Vegetation in the vicinityof open valley f loodplains

Urban

Open Water - Lentic

Open Water • Riverine

Riparian Evergreen

Riparian Herbaceous (Standing Water

Riparian Herbaceous (waterlogged Soils]

Willow

Cotton wood

-

-

-..

•

I

. I •--;-•

.'

- - '

" - ' ; • • •

-

\ r~ •*

•



FIGURE 6-5RIPARIAN VEGETATION AND

POTENTIAL SEDIMENT DEPOSITIONAREAS IN THE

BUENA VISTA AREA

- m7 '••;"/; I -

PROJECT 010004.3 DATE: OCT 22, 2002

2?M>•;'.-».-

consulting scientists and enqineers

224CT-2002GRA:NttRCPRJM1'>: . ::RJ2010004W.' '_fn

<s>

-:\\

\\

i t \-

•**\

11D

-

o

x^>

^

^

I

\2T

Vffl

*

'•

.

v.-«'

;-

,—"'

. '

I

Mar ret Alexand1 I'lr I

.

J.••-••]

. I

.'

!


River or Stream

Other Features



Open Water • Lentic

Open Water - Riverine

Riparian Evergreen

Riparian Herbaceous (general)

Riparian Herbaceous (Standing Water)

Riparian Herbaceous (waterlogged Soils)

Riparian Shrub (general)

Willow

Cotton wood

Upland Shrub

SCALE IN MILES

0.4 0.4



FIGURE 6-6

RIPARIAN VEGETATION ANDPOTENTIAL SEDIMENT DEPOSITION

AREAS IN THESALIDAAREA

PROJECT 010004.3 DATE: OCT 22, 2002REV:1 BY: MCP | CHK: SAW

MFG, Inc.

22-OCT-20026RA:NJ'ARCPRJ2\0100M'£RA\DS-RIPVEG3.6r- - ____


---- Open ValleyFloodplains


Cotton woodRiparian Evergreen

Upland Grass

Riparian Shrub (generall

Open Water - Lentic


Riparian Herbaceous (Standing Waterl


WillowTamarisk

Upland Shrub

i r if •*. >;

~\' - r . .S

CountyAirpo-t14

-:^v

^\

fssyl T^S

^m&z/>


SITE CHARACTERIZATION SUMMARY! i\

,---'

. I /•- --- p

Union H jhlandIM _^, UOlO\ Coal Cr$ek T COTI

j

FIGURE 6-7RIPARIAN VEGETATION AND

POTENTIAL SEDIMENT DEPOSITIONAREAS IN THE

CANON CITY AREA9 _/

PROJECT 010004.3 DATE: OCT 22. 2002

- o -^^ ^ ,r \j ^ . j>-'~~ ^ - consulting scientists and engineers

22-OCT-2002GRAN:iARC-

[

ra1

S t -v -•>

1 / ^ - -

:^v5

f".

' :.yi •&"••} " '~Z,~^-~~ '^--

\ Jr

l .-eî ;-


River or Stream

•^^^^— Watershed Boundary

Other Features



Urban

Open Water - Lentic


Riparian Herbaceous (Standing Water)


Riparian Shrub (general)

Willow

Tamarisk

Cotton wood

Sandbar

Upland Shrub

Upland Tree

SCALI: IN MILES



FIGURE 6-8

RIPARIAN VEGETATION AND

POTENTIAL SEDIMENT DEPOSITION

AREAS IN THE

FLORENCE AREA

PROJECT 010004.3

REV: 1DATE: OCT22, 2002

BY: MCP | CHK: SAW


Downstream of the 11 mile reach (station AR8)

600

soor-J

^ 400dj° 300

£| 200D

100

35

30

NE 25

° 20s.I 1S

I 10

3l

j: 2d

NE 3

Baetidae

Chloroperlidae

Rhyacophilidae

Elmidae

200

1BO

160.

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

160 i

140

120

100

BO

60

40

20

0250

200

150

100

50

o1400

1200.

1000.

600

600-

400-

200.

0

Heptageniidae

Brachycentridae

Date

Hydropsychidae

Chironomidae

Date

Figure 6-9

Abundance of Dominant Macroinvertebrate Taxa in the Arkansas River Downstream of the11-Mile Reach (Station AR-8).

10000 n

D)

CoS

-4— »

0)O

ooN

1000 -

10EF5 AR1 AR3 AR5 AR8

EF5 AR1 AR3

Station

AR5 AR8

Figure 6-10

Changes in Total Zn Concentration and Number of Heptageniidae in Reach 0 (EF-5, AR-1),Reach 1 (AR-3), and Reach 3 (AR-5) before and after Remediation of LMDT and California

Gulch. These Values are Compared to Data Collected below the 11-Mile Reach (AR-8).


10

<uo.L_

(D.a

D

CN

0)Q.

O 6

4

2

CM 20

0 15

0)Q.i_ 10<U

JD

U s

z

MayflyRichness

CaddisflyRichness

EPT

8 i

6

2

StoneflyRichness

Date

DipteranRichness

Total SpeciesRichness

Date

Figure 6-11

Species Richness of Major Macroinvertebrate Groups in the Arkansas River Downstreamof the 11-Mile Reach (Station AR-8).

1400 n

1200-

.£> 1000D)

Cg'•4—<

CO

"c

co

800 ^

600-

200-

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Year

Figure 6-12

Metal Concentrations in the Caddisfly Arctopsyche grandis Collected fromStations AR-1 (Reach 0) and AR-8 (Downstream Area) of the Arkansas River.

1000 n

800 -

O)

cg*5ra

'c0)ocoocN

600

400 -

200 -

4?Date

Figure 6-13

Total Zn Concentration (ug/L) Measured from 1989 to 1999 at Station AR-8 in theDownstream Reach.


600

CM 500

T 400

« 300

jj 200

EJ| 100

0

300

CM 250-

MayflyAbundance

0)Q.

(5.0E

z

200-

150-

too

50-

ET-CDi_

Q.

0

35 i

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

CaddisflyAbundance

OtherAbundance

100,

80

60

40

20 •

0

1600

1400

1200

1000

800.

600

400.

200.

0

2200,

2000.1600.

1600

1400 •

1200

1000

800-

600400200

0

StoneflyAbundance

DipteranAbundance

Total Abundance

Date Date

Figure 6-14

Abundance of Major Macroinvertebrate Groups in the Arkansas River Downstream of the11-Mile Reach (Station AR-8).

180

160

140

® 120Q.E03

COl_0)

05

100 -

80 -

60

40

20

0

600

500 -

V 400Q.

03CO

300

C03(U

200 -

100 -

0 -1-

• BaetidaeD Heptageniidae• ChloroperlidaeZO Brachycentridae• Hydropsychidae

Chironomidae

1989-1992

EphemeropteraPlecopteraTrichopteraTotal Abundance

1993-1999

1989-1992 1993-1999

Treatment

Figure 6-15

hanges in Abundance of Dominant Macroinvertebrate Groups in Reach 6 (station AR-7 near Granite) before

(1989-1992) and after (1993-1999) Treatment of LMDT and California Gulch

7 -i

6 -

5 -

CL

CO 4<r>i_0)Q.c 3CO(D

2 -

1 -

0

25

20 -

_CDQ.E 15-1CO

C/Di_CDQ.

TO 10CD

5 -

Mayfly TaxaStonefly TaxaCaddisfly TaxaDiptera Taxa

1989-1992

EPT TaxaTotal Taxa

SiSH

^J-î-.aV.:-'•n

1993-1999

1989-1992 1993-1999

Treatment

Figure 6-16

Changes in Species Richness of Dominant Macroinvertebrate Groups in Reach 6 (station AR-7 near Granite)

before (1989-1992) and after (1993-1999) Treatment of LMDT and California Gulch

c0)ocoocN

3000

2500 -

2000 -

O)

coro 1500 -

1000 -

500 -

0

Date: F= 6.76; p = 0.0102Reach: F = 25.59 p < 0.0001

B

I

Reach 0 Reach 1 Reach 3

ReachReach 6

Figure 6-17

Mean (+SD) Zinc Concentrations (rag/kg) Measured in the Caddisfly Arctopsyche grandis before (1990-1992) and

after (1993-1999) Remediation of LMDT and California Gulch 1

1 Letters indicate results of multiple range tests. Across all dates, reaches with the same letter were not significantly different.

MATRIX SUMMARIZING INJURY CHARACTERIZATIONFOR THE DOWNSTREAM AREA OF THE


1. Surface Water Resources:

A. Surface WaterB. Sediments

Working Draft

Surface Water 1992 to 2000 (Period 3)Reach 5 - Two Bit Gulch to Lake Creek [2.2 river miles (RM)]

RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

High FlowAcute and chronic TVSs* based on meanfor each reach for cadmium, copper, lead,[43CFR 11.62(b)]

hardnessand zinc...

Summary Data - Mean (min, max) me/L

Diss Cd = 0.00078 (0.000 1 5, 0.00254)Diss Cu = 0.0042 (0.002 1 , 0.0073)DissPb= 0.0017(0.001,0.0035)Diss Zn = 0.222 (0.059, 0.568)

Regulatory Thresholds for Injury (mg/L)Analyte

CadmiumCopper

LeadZinc

Acute0.00290.011

0.05110.0978

Chronic0.00190.00750.0020.0983

Hardness80 .7680.7680.7680.76

Exceedence Data (# exceeding RegulatoryThresholds)

AnalyteCadmiumCopper

LeadZinc

Total n1010910

Station1111

> Acute0006

> Chronic1046

Low FlowAcute and chronic TVSs* based onfor each reach for cadmium, copper[43 CFR 1 .62(b)]

Summary Data - Mean

meanlead,

hardnessand zinc.. .

(min. max) mg/L

Diss Cd = 0.0006 1 (0.00035, 0.00 1 1 )DissCu= 0.0038(0.0012,0.0127)DissPb= 0.001(0.001,0.001)DissZn= 0.149(0.051,0.347)


CadmiumCopper

LeadZinc

Acute0.00410.01460.07130.127

Chronic0.00240.00970.00280.1273

Exceedence Data (# exceedingThresholds)


Total n12121112

Station1111

Hardness109.58109.58109.58109.58

Regulatory

> Acute0005

> Chronic0105

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

Summary metals statistics for Reach 5 show elevated concentrations when compared to Reach 0.

Statement of Injury: Surface waters in Reach 5 are injured during high flow due to concentrations of lead andzinc that exceed TVSs. Surface waters in Reach 5 are injured during low flow due to concentrations of zincthat exceed TVSs. A single exceedence for cadmium and copper was noted during both high and low flow,respectively.

Commentary: Exceedences for the four metals evaluated, except for zinc, are relatively infrequent. Based onmean concentrations, zinc exceeds TVSs during high flow and low flow. On average, zinc was roughly twicethe chronic TVS. Exceedences can be linked to poor water quality upstream of Reach 5. The December 2000CDPHE Status of Water Quality Report indicates that the Arkansas River from Lake Fork to Lake Creek isfully supporting its designated recreational and agricultural uses and partially supporting its aquatic life uses.The primary cause of non-support is zinc concentrations in surface waters.

Representativeness of Data: The amount of data available from this reach is limited; however, there are nosubstantial changes in flow or water quality in Reach 5 relative to Reaches 3 & 4 suggesting that collection ofadditional data would likely not provide any new insights about water quality in this reach. The spatialdistribution of sample locations in Reach 5 shows that two points fall about one mile apart. One samplingpoint is located in the upper part of the reach just southwest of Holmes Gulch and the second point is locatedin the lower part of the reach just north of Lake Creek. The data, therefore, are considered to berepresentative.

Data Gaps: None.

Is current information sufficient for restoration planning? As with Reach 4 upstream, the data for Reach 5provide an adequate assessment of the extent of water quality impacts from upstream sources. There are onlya few small mine-waste deposits in the upper portion of Reach 5, and the length of Reach 5 is relatively short.Collection of new water quality data in Reach 5 would provide no additional information about restorationplanning.

Related Text: Sections 6.4, 6.4.1 and 6.4.2

* Both acute and chronic numbers adopted as stream standards are levels not to be exceeded more than once every three years on the average.

2The matrices provide a brief summary of the information contained in the Site Characterization Report (SCR). The matrices are not intended to be used asstand alone documents but rather are to be used in conjunction with the SCR.

Working Draft

Surface Water 1992 to 2000 (Period 3)Reach 6 - Lake Creek to Chalk Creek (29.5 RM)


High FlowAcute and chronic TVSs* based on mean hardness foreach reach for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc... [43CFR11.62(b)]


Diss Cd = 0.00064 (0.00005, 0.029)Diss Cu = 0.0027 (0.000 1 , 0.0 1 7)Diss Pb = 0.0008 (0.0005, 0.03 1 )Diss Zn = 0.068 (0.005, 0.64)



Acute

0.00160.00660.02810.0618

Chronic

0.00130.0047

0.00110.0621


AnalyteCadmiumCopperLead

Zinc

Total n212210199213

Stations

9998

Hardness47.05

47.0547.0547.05

Regulatory

> Acute

921

67

> Chronic10171366

Low FlowAcute and chronic TVSs* based on mean hardness foreach reach for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc... [43CFR ll.62(b)]

Summarv Data - Mean (min, max) me/L

Diss Cd = 0.0003 (0.00005, 0.0025)DissCu= 0.00176(0.0001,0.0079)Diss Pb = 0.00062 (0.0005, 0.007)Diss Zn = 0.076 1 (0.004, 0.371)


CadmiumCopper

Lead

Zinc

Acute0.0022

0.00870.03880.079

Chronic0.0016

0.0060.00150.0794


AnalyteCadmium

CopperLeadZinc

Total n187184182169

Stations99108

Hardne

62.79

62.7962.7962.79

ss

; Regulatory

> Acute >900

52

Chronic

92252

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

Lake Creek discharges a substantial volume of water to the Arkansas River and alters the hydrology as well asthe water chemistry. As a result, zinc concentrations in Reach 6 are one half of those in Reach 5 and aresimilar to Reach 0.

Statement of Injury: Surface waters in Reach 6 are injured during high and low flow due primarily toconcentrations of zinc that exceed TVSs. Occasional exceedences were identified for surface waters in Reach6 during high and low flow for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc.

Commentary: Hardness values during both high and low flows are lower in this reach of the Arkansas River,resulting in lower TVSs. During both high and low flows, the frequency of exceedences for cadmium, copper,and lead is very low (8% or less), and high flow exceedences are more frequent than low flow exceedences.Zinc exceeds both the acute and chronic TVSs in about 30% of the samples during both high and low flows;however, on average, concentrations of zinc during high and low flow are very close to the TVSs. TheDecember 2000 CDPHE Status of Water Quality Report indicates that the Arkansas River below Lake Creek isfully supporting its designated uses. The South Fork of Lake Creek is listed as partially supporting its aquaticlife use due to metals. Discharge of this creek is through Twin Lake Reservoir, which is listed as fullysupporting its designated uses. Additional metals may come from this drainage, although loading is expectedto be small.

Representativeness of Data: The spatial and temporal distribution (1992-1999) of the sample data for this reachis the best of all of the downstream reaches with between 7 and 10 sample stations covering most of the reach.The spatial distribution of sample locations in Reach 6 shows there are multiple sample points that fall both inthe upper and lower sections of the reach. Data are spatial and temporally representative for the reach.

Data Gaps: None.

Is current information sufficient for restoration planning? Yes.


' Both acute and chronic numbers adopted as stream standards are levels not to be exceeded more than once every three years on the average.

The matrices provide a brief summary of the information contained in the Site Characterization Report (SCR). The matrices are not intended to be used asstand alone documents but rather are to be used in conjunction with the SCR.

Working Draft

Surface Water 1992 to 2000 (Period 3)Reach 7 - Chalk Creek to South Fork Arkansas River (21.2 RM)


High FlowAcute and chronic TVSs* based on mean hardness foreach reach for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc.. . [43CFR 11.62(b)]


DissCd= 0.0002(0.00005,0.0012)DissCu= 0.0024(0.0001,0.041)Diss Pb = 0.00078 (0.0005, 0.005)Diss Zn = 0.0398 (0.004, 0. 1 37)


CadmiumCopper

LeadZinc

Acute0.00190.00760.03330.0703

Chronic0.00140.00530.00130.0706



LeadZinc

Total n100102101103

Stations3333

Hardness54.754.754.754.7

Regulatory

> Acute02012

> Chronic041212

Low FlowAcute and chronic TVSs* based on mean hardness foreach reach for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc.. . [43CFR 11.62(b)]


Diss Cd = 0.000997 (0.00005, 0.066)Diss Cu = 0.00 1 82 (0.000 1 , 0.0 1 24)Diss Pb = 0.0015 1 (0.0005, 0.0253)DissZn= 0.0396(0.004,0.14)



Acute0.00280.0104

0.0480.0931

Chronic0.00180.00710.00190.0935

Hardne76.1976.1976.1976.19

ss



Total n89858682

Stations3333

> Acute >1102

Chronic12192

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

Compared to Reach 6 upstream, average concentrations of zinc during high and low flow typically decrease inReach 7. This is consistent with the trend observed from upstream reaches for zinc. Mean cadmium, copper,and lead in Reach 7 are similar to concentrations in Reach 6 during low flows and decrease during high flows.Mean concentrations are less than Reach 0.

Statement of Injury: Surface waters in Reach 7 are injured during high flow primarily due to concentrations oflead and zinc that exceed TVSs. Surface waters in Reach 7 are injured during low flow due primarily toconcentrations of lead that exceed TVSs. Occasional exceedences of cadmium and copper were also identifiedduring high flow, while occasional exceedences of cadmium, copper, and lead were observed during low flow.

Commentary: The number of high and low flow exceedences of acute TVSs in Reach 7 for cadmium, copper,and lead is smaller than that observed in Reach 6, indicating that the concentrations of these metals aredecreasing. No acute or chronic exceedences of TVSs were observed for cadmium during high flow, and onlyone each was observed during low flow. Zinc exceedences during high flow were greater than during lowflow. Exceedences of TVSs in Reach 7 are slightly lower for both flow conditions than those observed forReach 6. Mean concentrations are below the TVSs for both high and low flows. The December 2000 CDPHEStatus of Water Quality Report indicates that the Arkansas River below Lake Creek is fully supporting itsdesignated uses. Chalk Creek may serve as an additional source of metals in this reach due to historicalmining, and is listed as partially supporting its aquatic life use.

Representativeness of Data: Reach 7 data are considered to be representative both temporally and spatially forthe reach. Data are temporally well distributed from 1992 to 1997. No post-1997 data were available. Thespatial distribution of sample locations in Reach 7 shows that there are approximately nine points locatedthroughout the middle and lower section of the reach, however, there are no sample points in the upper quarterof the reach, which covers approximately 6 miles.

Data Gaps: None.





Working Draft

Surface Water 1992 to 2000 (Period 3)Reach 8 - South Fork Arkansas River to Canon City (58.1 RM)


High FlowAcute and chronic TVSs* based on mean hardnessfor each reach for cadmium, copper, lead, andzinc... [43CFR 11.62(b)]

Summary Data - Mean (min, max) mg/L

Diss Cd = 0.0001 1 (0.00005, 0.0009)DissCu= 0.0019(0.0001,0.039)Diss Pb = 0.0008 (0.0005, 0.0131)Diss Zn = 0.041 (0.003, 0.226)



Acute0.00270.01030.04760.0926

Chronic0.00180.00710.00190.0931

Hardness75.7275.7275.7275.72



Total n194187196191

Stations6666

> Acute02016

> Chronic031215

Low FlowAcute and chronic TVSs* based on mean hardness foreach reach for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc... [43CFR 1 1 .62(b)]


Diss Cd = 0.0001 1 (0.00005, 0.0021)DissCu= 0.00124(0.0001,0.0101)DissPb= 0.0017(0.0005,0.1677)DissZn= 0.036(0.001,0.175)



Acute0.004

0.01440.06990.1246

Chronic0.00240.00950.00270.1252

Hardnes107.48107.48107.48107.48

s



LeadZinc

Total n199197204178

Stations8777

> Acute >0014

Chronic0154

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

Compared to Reach 7, mean concentrations of the metals evaluated in Reach 8 are typically similar to, orless than, those observed in Reach 7 during both high and low flows. Mean zinc concentrations between thetwo reaches are almost identical. Hardness increased in Reach 8 when compared to Reach 7, suggestinginputs from tributaries and effects of local land uses.

Statement of Injury: Surface waters in Reach 8 are injured during high flow due to concentrations of leadand zinc that exceed TVSs. Surface waters in Reach 8 are injured during low flow due to concentrations oflead, and zinc that exceed TVSs. Copper was also identified as occasionally exceeding the TVS.

Commentary: Cadmium does not exceed TVSs during either high or low flows. Copper exceedences areinfrequent. Lead exceedences of the chronic TVSs were measured more frequently during high versus lowflows. Occurrences of zinc exceedences are similar to Reach 7. Average values for cadmium, copper, lead,and zinc are well below the TVS. Based on mean concentrations, none of the evaluated metals exceed TVSsduring either high or low flows. The December 2000 CDPHE Status of Water Quality Report indicates thatthe Arkansas River below Lake Creek is fully supporting its designated uses.

Representativeness of Data: Reach 8 data for Period 3 are temporally well distributed. Reach 8 is one of thelongest of the downstream reaches evaluated. The spatial distribution of sample locations in Reach 8 showsthere are multiple points that fall throughout the reach, however, there are two considerable gaps in betweensample locations. One, located below Badger Creek, is 12 miles long and another, that is approximately 18miles in length, is located between Texas Creek and Currant Creek. However, spatial distribution of thesample locations is adequate. Data are considered to be representative for the reach.

Data Gaps: None.



1 Both acute and chronic numbers adopted as stream standards are levels not to be exceeded more than once every three years on the average.


Working Draft

Surface Water 1992 to 2000 (Period 3)Reach 9 - Canon City to Pueblo Reservoir (29 RM)

High Flow Low FlowRegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

Acute and chronic TVSs* based on mean hardness foreach reach for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc... [43CFR11.62(b)]

Acute and chronic TVSs* based on mean hardness foreach reach for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc... [43CFR 1

Summary Data - Mean (min. max) mg/L

Diss Cd =Diss Cu =Diss Pb =Diss Zn =

0.00007 (0.00005, 0.00025)0.0012 (0.0003, 0.004)0.00061 (0.00025,0.002)0.0241 (0.0015,0.061)


CadmiumCopper

LeadZinc

Acute

0.00450.01580.07770.1354

Chronic

0.00250.0104

0.0030.1361

Hardness

118.61118.61

118.61118.61


Diss Cd = 0.00006 (0.00005, 0.0002)Diss Cu = o.OO 133 (0.0001, 0.0077)Diss Pb = 0.00046 (0.00025, 0.001)Diss Zn = o.0148 (0.0015, 0.05)


CadmiumCopper

LeadZinc

Acute0.00620.0209

0.10710.1743

Chronic0.00320.0134

0.00420.1752

Hardness159.76159.76159.76159.76



LeadZinc

Total n

12121112

Stations2222

> Acute0000

> Chronic

0000



LeadZinc

Total n

23252820

Stations3333

> Acute

0000

> Chronic

0000

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

Hardness and, correspondingly, the TVSs increase relative to Reach 8. At the same time, average andmaximum concentrations decreased relative to upstream reaches.

Statement of Injury: Surface waters in Reach 9 are not injured during high or low flow.

Commentary: Within Reach 9 the Arkansas River changes from a high gradient, canyon stream to a widefloodplain stream. The December 2000 CDPHE Status of Water Quality Report indicates that the ArkansasRiver below Lake Creek is fully supporting its designated uses.

Representativeness of Data: The temporal distribution is limited (1992-1996) during the period, with most ofthe data collected closer to 1992. The spatial distribution of sample locations in Reach 9 shows there aremultiple points that are located throughout the reach. There are three sample points in the upper section of thereach, two in the middle section and the remainder in the lower section. Available data are consistent with thedownstream trend of improving water quality.

Data Gaps: None.




The matrices provide a brief summary of the information contained in the Site Characterization Report (SCR). The matrices are not intended 10 be used asstand alone documents but rather are to be used in conjunction with the SCR.

Working Draft

Surface Water 1992 to 2000 (Period 3)Reach 10 - Pueblo Reservoir (inlet to a point 1.5 miles below the outlet; 8.1 RM total)

High Flow Low FlowRegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

Acute and chronic TVSs* based on mean hardnessfor each reach for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc.[43CFR11.62(b)]

Acute and chronic TVSs* based on mean hardnessfor each reach for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc.[43CFR11.62(b)]


DissCd= 0.00006(0.00005,0.0001)Diss Cu = 0.00067 (0.0005, 0.003)Diss Pb = 0.00061 (0.0005, 0.002)Diss Zn = 0.02161 (0.003, 0.047)



Acute0.00650.0219O.H280.1815

Chronic0.00330.01390.00440.1824

Hardness167.57167.59167.59167.59


Diss Cd = 0.00008 (0.00005, 0.0003)Diss Cu = 0.00069 (0.0002, 0.002)Diss Pb = 0.0005 (0.0005, 0.0005)DissZn= 0.01429(0.003,0.048)



Acute0.00790.02590.13640.2112

Chronic0.00370.01620.00530.2123

Hardness200.38200.38200.38200.38



Total n21212218

Stations2222

> Acute0000

> Chronic0000



Total n20202017

Stations2222

> Acute0000

> Chronic0000

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

Similar to Reach 9, none of the metals evaluated exceed the TVSs.

Statement of Injury: Surface waters in Reach 10 are not injured during high or low flow.

Commentary: Period 3 data used for Reach 10 analyses reflect reservoir tailwaters to approximately 1.5miles downstream. No surface water quality data for metals were available during Period 3 in the reservoir.Data collected at the tailwaters of the reservoir indicate that none of the evaluated metals exceed TVSs duringeither high or low flows. When considered with that from Reach 9, which showed a similar trend, the datasuggests that metals concentrations in the reservoir do not likely exceed TVSs. The December 2000 CDPHEStatus of Water Quality Report indicates that the Pueblo Reservoir and the Arkansas River downstream of thereservoir is fully supporting its designated uses.

Representativeness of Data: Sample locations for Period 3 data are located immediately downstream of thereservoir as well as about 1.5 miles downstream and provide adequate spatial coverage. The temporaldistribution of the data extends from 1992 to about 1998. Although no surface water quality data for metalsare available for the reservoir during the evaluation period, tail water quality is directly influenced bydischarge from the reservoir; therefore, these data are considered to provide a representative picture of themetals concentrations for this reach. This evaluation is augmented by reservoir data from prior to 1991 thatshows relatively good water quality during the pre-LMDT and Yak Tunnel treatment era.

Data Gaps: None.



1 Both acute and chronic numbers adopted as stream standards are levels not to be exceeded more than once every three years on the average.


Working Draft

Instream Sediment 1992 to 2000 (Period 3)Reach 5 - Two Bit Gulch to Lake Creek (2.2 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

Concentrations and duration of substances sufficient to have caused injury as defined in paragraphs (c), (d),(e), or (f) of this section to groundwater, air, geologic, or biological resources when exposed to surface water,suspended sediments, or bed, bank, or shoreline sediments... [43 CFR 1 1.62(b)(l)(v)].

Summary Data (mg/kg)

Analyte River D • A \ **• **(dry weight) Reach Penod AvS Mm Max

Cadmium ArkRS Periods 10.4 5.48 16Copper ArkRS Period 3 40.5 23.6 63Lead Ark R5 Period 3 686 602 770Zinc ArkRS Periods 1,543.7 310.85 2,800

StationCount n

3 53 52 23 5

Sediment metals concentrations are elevated in Reach 5 over those found in Rescadmium, copper, lead, and zinc are about 1.7, 1.6, 7.7, and 4.5 times greater, r<sediments when compared to Reach 0 sediments.

Statement of Injury: No definitive criteria are available for sediments in the regsediment load, it is not expected that metals in sediment are causing injury to grresources. For additional information about the potential for injury, see the surisections of the matrix.

Commentary: Sources of metal-enriched sediments are largely believed to be frCalifornia Gulch and other tributary streams where historical mining has occumof recent data available for this reach and concentrations for each metal are simiReach 4, which also had little data available for sediments. Due to the fluvial d;retention of fine sediments is low. Additionally, the quantity of fine-grained secobserved to be small. Collecting additional sediment quality data in a system thnot provide any additional insights on overall sediment quality.

Representativeness of Data: The spatial distribution of sample locations in Rea(three sample points, which are in close proximity to one another at the extreme sFurther sampling is not anticipated to provide significant additional informationAvailable data are not spatially or temporally diverse; however, these data are cinjury characterization.

Data Gaps: None.


Related Text: Sections 6.5. 6.5.1 and 6.5.2

ich 0. Mean concentrations of:spectively, in Reach 5

ulations. Given the smalloundwater or surface waterace water and/or biological

om upstream areas such as;d. There is a limited amountlar to those observed in/namics of this system,iments in this reach wasat is routinely flushed would

;h 5 shows there are onlyouth end of the reach,for metals in sediments.Dnsidered to be adequate for


Working Draft

Instream Sediment 1992 to 2000 (Period 3)Reach 6 - Lake Creek to Chalk Creek (29.5 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

Concentrations and duration of substances sufficient to have caused injury as defined in paragraphs (c), (d),(e), or (f) of this section to groundwater, air, geologic, or biological resources when exposed to surface water,suspended sediments, or bed, bank, or shoreline sediments... [43 CFR 1 1.62(b)(l)(v)]

Summary Data (mp/kg)

Analyte River ., . , . »,. A, Station(dry weight) Reach Penod Av§ Min Max Count

Cadmium Ark R6 Period 3 4.80 1.35 15.4 11 17

Copper Ark R6 Period 3 29.10 7.04 79.78 11 17Lead Ark R6 Period 3 296.94 67.6 550 8 8Zinc Ark R6 Period 3 1,046.63 238.39 2,559 11 17

Sediment metals concentrations for copper are slightly elevated in Reach 6 over those found in Reach 0 (e.g.,1.1 times greater). Mean concentrations of lead and zinc are 3.2, and 2.8 times greater, respectively, in Reach6 sediments when compared to Reach 0 sediments. Cadmium in sediments was not elevated in Reach 6compared to Reach 0. On average, concentrations are lower than in Reach 5.

Statement of Injury: No definitive criteria are available for sediments in the regulations. Given the smallsediment load and large dilution flows of Lake Creek, it is not expected that metals in sediment are causinginjury to groundwater or surface water resources. For additional information about the potential for injury, seethe surface water and/or biological sections of the matrix.

Commentary: Sources of metal-enriched sediments are largely believed to be from upstream areas such asCalifornia Gulch and other tributary streams where historical mining has occurred. There is a limited amountof temporal data available for this reach; however, the sediment data appear to be spatially well distributed.Due to the fluvial dynamics of this system as well as the increased flows discharged by Lake Creek, retentionof fine sediments is expected to be low. The quantity of fine-grained sediments in this reach was observed tobe small. Collecting additional sediment quality data in a system that is routinely flushed would not provideany further insights on overall sediment quality.

Recresentativeness of Data: The spatial distribution of sample locations in Reach 6 shows that there aremultiple points that fall throughout the reach.

Data Gaps: None.




Working Draft

Instream Sediment 1992 to 2000 (Period 3)Reach 7 - Chalk Creek to South Fork Arkansas River (21.2 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

Concentrations and duration of substances sufficient to have caused injury as defined in paragraphs (c), (d),(e), or (0 of this section to groundwater, air, geologic, or biological resources when exposed to surface water,suspended sediments, or bed, bank, or shoreline sediments... [43 CFR 1 l.62(b)(l)(v)]

Summary Data (mg/k^)

Analyte River D . . . „. A/r Station(dry weight) Reach Penod Av§ Min Max Count

Cadmium Ark R7 Period 3 1.43 0.69 3.04 4 4Copper ArkR7 Period 3 20.29 8.74 32 4 4Lead Ark R7 Period 3 89.38 38.5 127 4 4Zinc ArkR7 Periods 469.75 206 653 4 4

Sediment concentrations of cadmium and copper in Reach 7 are not elevated over those found in Reach 0.Sediment concentrations of lead are less than 1 mg/kg higher in Reach 7 sediments compared to Reach 0sediments whereas zinc concentrations are 1.4 times higher in Reach 7 sediments compared to Reach 0.

Statement of Injury: No definitive criteria are available for sediments in the regulations. Given the smallsediment load and the large dilution flows of Lake Creek and other tributaries it is not expected that metals insediment are causing injury to groundwater or surface water resources. For additional information about thepotential for injury, see the surface water and/or biological sections of the matrix.

Commentary: Concentrations of cadmium and copper in sediments from Reach 7 are not elevated over thoseobserved in Reach 0 while concentrations of lead show a negligible increase. Zinc in sediments of Reach 7 iselevated, but not substantially. Overall, Reach 7 sediment metals concentrations are considerably lower thanthose observed upstream in Reach 6.

Representativeness of Data: Onlv a small amount of sediment data is available for this reach both temporallyand spatially. However, the spatial distribution of sample locations in Reach 7 shows multiple points that fallthroughout the reach. There are a couple of large breaks (approximately 5 miles in length) between datapoints in the middle to lower middle sections of the reach. As with upstream reaches, sediment dataavailability is low, but the initial data are viewed to be representative.

Data Gaps: None.




Working Draft

Instream Sediment 1992 to 2000 (Period 3)Reach 8 - South Fork Arkansas River to Canon City (58.1 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

Concentrations and duration of substances sufficient to have caused injury as defined in paragraphs (c), (d),(e), or (0 of this section to groundwater, air, geologic, or biological resources when exposed to surface water,suspended sediments, or bed, bank, or shoreline sediments... [43 CFR 1 1.62(b)(l)(v)j


Analyte River „ . . . x,. x* Station(dry weight) Reach Penod Av§ Mm Max CountCadmium ArkR8 Periods 1.76 0.342 4.52 15 17Copper ArkRS Periods 22.78 7.57 40.5 15 17

Lead ArkRS Period 3 47.22 7.54 130 15 17Zinc ArkRS Period 3 459.53 88 840 15 17

Mean sediment concentrations of cadmium, copper, and lead in Reach 8 are not elevated over those found inReach 0. The mean zinc concentration in sediments in Reach 8 is 1.3 times greater than the mean value forzinc observed in Reach 0.

Statement of Injury: No definitive criteria are available for sediments in the regulations. For additionalinformation about the potential for injury, see the surface water and/or biological sections of the matrix.

Commentary: Concentrations of cadmium, copper, and lead in sediments from Reach 8 are lower thanconcentrations of metals in sediments from Reach 0 while zinc is only slightly elevated. Compared to Reach7, there are substantially more sediment quality data in Reach 8 than in Reach 7, yet on average sedimentmetals concentrations in Reach 8 are lower than those observed in Reach 7. The geomorphologicalassessment suggests that a 5-mile stretch of river upstream of Salida in Reach 8 has morphologicalcharacteristics for sediment retention.

Representativeness of Data: The spatial distribution of sample locations in Reach 8 shows there are manysample points in the upper section of the reach, but there is a large break between sample points startingabove Texas Creek and ending around Currant Creek. Other than this break the points are well distributed.As with upstream reaches, sediment data availability is low, but it is assumed that these data arerepresentative.

Data Gaps: None.




Working Draft

Instream Sediment 1992 to 2000 (Period 3)Reach 9 - Canon City to Pueblo Reservoir (29 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

Concentrations and duration of substances sufficient to have caused injury as defined in paragraphs (c), (d),(e), or (f) of this section to groundwater, air, geologic, or biological resources when exposed to surface water,suspended sediments, or bed, bank, or shoreline sediments... [43 CFR 11.62 (b)(l)(v)]


Analyte(dry weight)


RiverReach

ArkR9ArkR9ArkR9ArkR9

Period

Period 3Period 3Period 3Period 3

Avg

1.1421.7831.93

288.13

Min

0.4158.3512.894.4

Max

23453

560

StationCount

3333

n

3333

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

Sediment metals concentrations in Reach 9 are not elevated over those found in Reach 0. Moreover,concentrations of metals in Reach 9, except for copper, are considerably lower than mean metalconcentrations in Reach 0.

Statement of Injury: No definitive criteria are available for sediments in the regulations; however,concentrations are lower than those found in Reach 0.

Commentary: Concentrations of metals in sediments from Reach 9 are considerably lower thanconcentrations of metals in sediments from Reach 0; however, only a small amount of sediment data areavailable for this reach both temporally and spatially. Below Canon City, the canyons and high gradientstream system gives way to a broader floodplain that extends to Pueblo Reservoir. Despite this lowergradient and higher potential for sediment deposition downstream of Canon City, all sediment metalsconcentrations evaluated are less than Reach 0 as well as the immediately upgradient reaches.

Representativeness of Data: The three sample locations in Reach 9 are distributed throughout the reach.There is an approximate 10-mile stretch from above Beaver Creek to just above Turkey Creek where data arenot available. As with upstream reaches, sediment data availability is low, but it is assumed that these dataare representative.

Data Gaps: None.




Working Draft

Instream Sediment 1992 to 2000 (Period 3)Reach 10 - Pueblo Reservoir (inlet to a point 1.5 miles below the outlet; 8.1 RM total)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

Concentrations and duration of substances sufficient to have caused injury as defined in paragraphs (c), (d),(e), or (f) of this section to groundwater, air, geologic, or biological resources when exposed to surface water,suspended sediments, or bed, bank, or shoreline sediments... [43 CFR 1 1.62 (b)(l)(v)]


Analyte(dry weight)


River „ . , . ,,. ,, StationReach Penod Av& Min Max Count n

A r k R I O Period 3 2.00 2 2 1 1Ark RIO Period 3 31.00 31 31 1 1Ark RIO Period 3 37.00 37 37 1 1Ark RIO Period 3 180.00 180 180 1 1

Sediment metals concentrations in Reach 10, except for copper, are not elevated over those found in Reach 0.Moreover, concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc in Reach 10 are considerably lower than mean metalconcentrations in Reach 0. Copper is 1.3 times higher in Reach 10 sediments compared to Reach 0sediments.

Statement of Injury: I*metal concentrations apotential for injury, se

Commentary: Pueblo Ielevated concentrationcontinued sediment de

Representativeness ofdownstream. Sedimenrepresentative. Upstrecovered by new, clean

Data Gaps: Althoughreservoir and in Reachidentified as a data gap

Is current information

Jo definitive criteria are available for sediments in the regulations. However, sedimentre not elevated when compared to Reach 0. For additional information about the2 the surface water and/or biological sections of the matrix.

leservoir is a sediment sink. Studies conducted prior to 1992 indicate somewhats of metals in the delta of the reservoir relative to pre-reservoir sediments. However,livery to the reservoir reflects improvements in water quality.

Data: This reach includes the reservoir and its tail waters to about 1.5 milest data were only found for the reservoir during Period 3. One sample point is notam sediment data suggest that Pueblo Reservoir sediments are continually being;r sediments.

current sediment data are limited, given the relatively low concentrations in thees 7-9 sediment quality is not a focus. Therefore lack of sediment sample results is not».

sufficient for restoration planning? Yes.



Working Draft

2. Ground water Resources:

A. Groundwater

14

Working Draft

Groundwater 1992 to 2000Reaches 5-10 - Two-Bit Gulch to a Point 1.5 Miles below the Outlet of Pueblo Reservoir (148.1 RM)

High Flow I Low FlowRegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

Exceedence of the maximum contaminant levels.[43CFR 11.62(c)]

Exceedence of the maximum contaminant levels.[43CFR 11.62(c)]


No groundwater data available during Period 2 or 3.


CadmiumCopper

Lead

Zinc

MCL0.0051.0*0.05

5.0


No groundwater data available during Period 2 or 3



MCL0.005

1.0*0.05

5.0



No groundwater data available for Periods 2 or 3 tocompare to Regulatory thresholds

No groundwater data available for Periods 2 or 3 tocompare to Regulatory thresholds

RelatedBenchmark

ComparisonsStatement of Injury: No injury.

Commentary: The finding of no injury is in large part based upon a review of data for the 11-mile reach.Data for the 11-mile reach indicate that water quality in the valley fill system is not measurably influenced bysources within the 11-mile reach or upstream (e.g., California Gulch). Although metals are contributed to thegroundwater system from those sources, a combination of attenuation and dilution result in a rapid reductionin metals concentration. Domestic wells within the 11-mile reach are not in exceedence of the relevantcriteria. Given the increasing downstream dilution, no injury is expected below the 11-mile reach. There areseveral public and municipal wells located in the basin in the downstream area. Information reported fromEPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) indicates that of the wells monitored by the Statein Chaffe and Fremont county, none were found to exceed MCLs during Period 3.

Representativeness of Data: Data provide adequate spatial coverage to confirm water quality is meeting therelevant criteria.

Data Gaps: None

Is current information sufficient for restoration planning?

Related Text: Sections 6.6, 6.6.1, 6.6.2 6.9, 6.9.1 and 6.9.2

There is no MCL for copper, but copper has a drinking water supply standard of 1.0 mg/L in Colorado. Zinc value is asecondary standard to address staining.


Working Draft

3. Geologic Resources:

A. Floodplain Soils (including floodplain mine-waste deposits)

16

Working Draft

Floodplain SoilsReach 5 - Two Bit Gulch to Lake Creek (2.2 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

1. Concentrations of metals in soils sufficient to cause a phytotoxic response... [43 CFR 11.62(e)(10)]2. Soil pH... [43 CFR 11.62(e)(2)]

Summary Data: No data are available for floodplain soils in Reach 5. Some small mine-waste deposits existin Reach 5; however, they have not been quantified with respect to surface area, volume, and chemicalproperties.

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

There are no data for plant-available metal concentrations for comparative purposes.

Statement of Injury: Field observations indicate low vegetation cover on several small mine-waste depositsin the upper portion of Reach 5. Soil pH and/or metal concentrations may be influencing plant growth onthese deposits, reflecting injury to soils at those locations. No other injury has been observed from fieldreconnaissance conducted in 2001.

Commentary: Vegetation growing in floodplain soils along this reach is productive, but plant growth onmine-waste deposits is poor. The potential for mine-waste deposits to influence metals concentrations inboth surface and groundwater is limited by the corresponding small loading potential relative to the largevolume of surface and groundwater moving through the valley.

Representativeness of Data: No data are available.

Data Gaps: The primary data gap is a lack of mapping of floodplain mine-waste deposits. Correspondingly,there are no data regarding the physical and chemical properties of soils and mine-waste deposits.

Is current information sufficient for restoration planning? No. Mapping of the deposits is necessary andphysical and chemical data on mine-waste deposits would also be helpful for restoration planning.



Working Draft

Floodplain SoilsReach 6 - Lake Creek to Chalk Creek (29.5 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury


Summary Data: Floodplain soils data exist for Reach 6. This includes total metal concentrations for lead andzinc for all sites sampled and cadmium and copper for a subset of these sites. There is some evidence ofanthropogenic influence in Reach 6.

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons


Statement of Injury: The elevated concentrations of zinc in floodplain soils at the confluence of Clear Creek(Reach 6) indicated the potential for injury in this location. The source of these metals is unknown becausethis is not an area where mine-waste deposits were predicted to occur, based on stream morphology.Regardless of the source, total metal concentrations are potentially high enough to cause injury to soils at thislocation. However, this cannot be confirmed without further soil sampling and analysis.

Commentary: Other than the sample sites along Reach 6, there is no other evidence to indicate injury tofloodplain soils in the remaining portions of Reach 6. Floodplain soils are not considered injured in most ofReach 6 because total metal concentrations along these reaches are similar to Reach 0 and riparian vegetationdoes not show signs of metal toxicity.

Representativeness of Data: BLM data from 2000 includes samples from floodplain soils in Reach 6.However, data are for total metals and no data exists for plant-available concentrations.

Data Gaps: None.




Working Draft

Floodplain SoilsReaches 7-10 - Chalk Creek to Pueblo Reservoir (108.3 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury


Summary Data: Floodplain soils data exist for Reaches 7-9. This includes total metal concentrations for leadand zinc for all sites sampled and cadmium and copper for a subset of these sites.

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons


Statement of Injury: There is no other evidence to indicate injury to floodplain soils in Reaches 7-9.Floodplain soils are not considered injured in these reaches because total metal concentrations along thesereaches are similar to Reach 0 and riparian vegetation does not show signs of metal toxicity.

Commentary: Vegetation growing in floodplain soils along Reaches 7-9 is productive, based on fieldobservations.

Representativeness of Data: BLM data from 2000 includes samples from floodplain soils in Reaches 7-9.However, data are for total metals and no data exists for plant-available concentrations.

Data Gaps: None.


Related Text: Sections 6.7, 6.7.1, 6.7.2, 6.9, 6.9.1 and 6.9.2


Working Draft

4. Biological Resources:

A. VegetationB. Benthic MacroinvertebratesC. Brown TroutD. Terrestrial Wildlife - Small MammalsE. Terrestrial Wildlife - Migratory Birds

20

Working Draft

VegetationReach 5 - Two Bit Gulch to Lake Creek (2.2 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injuiy

Tissue metal concentrations considered to be toxic to vegetation... [43 CFR 11.62(f)( 1 )(i)]

Summary Data: No data are available regarding plant tissue concentrations or physiological/morphologicaleffects in Reach 5.

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

No data are available for vegetation cover, production, or tissue metal concentrations.

Statement of Injury: Field observations confirm that vegetation is productive and shows no signs of injuryassociated with elevated metal concentrations in floodplain soils. However, plant growth is limited onseveral small mine-waste deposits along Reach 5, based on field observations. This indicates injury tovegetation where mine-waste deposits occur in Reach 5.

Commentary: Field observations along Reach 5 confirm that vegetation is productive in floodplain soils butnot on mine-waste deposits.

Representativeness of Data: No quantitative data are available.

Data Gaps: There is no data on vegetation cover, production, or tissue metal concentrations on mine-wastedeposits. Although these data would be informative, they are not essential for defining injury or forrestoration planning if mapping of mine-waste deposits is available.


Related Text: Sections 6.8, 6.8.1, 6.8.1.1 and 6.8.1.2

21The matrices provide a brief summary of the information contained in the Site Characterization Report (SCR). The matrices are not intended to be used asstand alone documents but raiher are to be used in conjunction with the SCR.

Working Draft

VegetationReaches 6-9 - Lake Creek to Pueblo Reservoir (137.8 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

Tissue metal concentrations considered to be toxic to vegetation... [43 CFR 11.62(0(0(0]

Summary Data: No data are available regarding plant tissue concentrations or physiological/morphologicaleffects in Reaches 6-9.

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

No data are available for vegetation cover, production, or tissue metal concentrations.

Statement of Injury: Field observations confirm that vegetation is productive and shows no signs of injuryassociated with elevated metal concentrations in floodplain soils. Vegetation type mapping conducted byColorado Division of Wildlife also indicates vegetation cover types are consistent with floodplain setting fornon-injured areas.

Commentary: Field observations along Reaches 6-9 confirm that vegetation is productive in floodplain soils.There are no identifiable deposits of flood plain mine-waste.

Representativeness of Data: Information is limited to field observations and vegetation type mapping.

Data Gaps: None.


Related Text: Sections 6.8, 6.8.1, 6.8.1.1 and 6.8.1.2

22The matrices provide a brief summary of ihe information contained in the Site Characterization Report (SCR). The matrices are not intended to be used asstand alone documents but rather are to be used in conjunction with the SCR.

Working Draft

Benthic Macroinvertebrates (1989-2000)Reach 5 - Two Bit Gulch to Lake Creek (2.2 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

\. Metal concentrations considered to be toxic to macroinvertebrates... [43 CFR 11.62(f)(l)(0]2. See surface water.3. Microcosm experiments... [43 CFR 11.62(f)(2)(iii)]

Summary Data: Based on results of microcosm experiments, metal concentrations in Reach 5 are sufficientto cause injury to benthic macroinvertebrates.

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

1. Comparisons to benchmark: Reach 0.a. Community structure.

2. Results of microcosm experiments showing direct effects of metals.

Statement of Injury: There are no benthic data from Reach 5. Results of microcosm experiments conductedin 1998 showed that exposure of benthic communities to a mixture of cadmium, copper, and zinc at aconcentration similar to that measured in Reach 5 had a significant effect on community composition, speciesrichness of mayflies, and abundance of metal-sensitive species.

Commentary: Because water quality in Reach 5 is similar to that observed in Reach 3 (where injury wasobserved) and because metal levels in Reach 5 exceed those known to be toxic to metal-sensitive species, it islikely that benthic macroinvertebrates are injured in Reach 5.Representativeness of Data: There are no benthic data from Reach 5.

Data Gaps: The most significant data gap for benthic macroinvertebtrates in these reaches is the lack ofinformation from Reach 5 and the upper section of Reach 6 near the confluence of Lake Creek. Analysis ofbenthic data from these reaches would allow for a more precise definition of injury.


Related Text: Sections 6.8.2, 6.8.2.1 and 6.8.2.2


Working Draft

Benthic Macroinvertebrates (1989-2000)Reach 6 - Lake Creek to Chalk Creek (29.5 RM)


1. Metal concentrations considered to be toxic to macroinvertebrates... [43 CFR2. See surface water.3. Microcosm experiments... [43 CFR 1 l.62(f)(2)(iii)]

1.62(0(1)0)]

Summary Data: Metal concentrations in Reach 6 are unlikely to cause injury to benthicmacroinvertebrates. Results of microcosm experiments show that current metal concentrations in thelower section of Reach 6 (Buena Vista) are generally below levels known to be toxic to benthicmacroinvertebrates.

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

2.

Comparisons to benchmark: Reach 0.b. Community structure.c. Metal levels in the caddisfly Arctopsyche grandis.d. Metal levels in periphyton.Results of microcosm experiments showing direct effects of metals.

Statement of Injury: Analysis of community structure for benthic macroinvertebrates collected from thelower portion of reach 6 (Buena Vista) shows significant improvement in species richness, diversity andabundance of metal-sensitive species. In particular, abundance of Heptageniidae, a highly metal-sensitivegroup, has increased 2-3 times since remediation of Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel and California Gulchwas initiated in 1992. Abundance of these organisms after 1996 was similar to that observed in Reach 0.

Metal concentrations in the caddisfly Arctopsyche grandis collected from Reach 6 have significantlydecreased since 1994 and are similar to those values measured in Reach 0. The only exception to thispattern is an unexplained spike in zinc concentration in caddisflies in 1999. Zinc levels in periphytonmeasured at Reach 6 (1,031-1,273 ug/g) in 1995 and 1996 were also within the range of values observedin Reach 0 (409-4,200 |jg/g).

Results of microcosm experiments conducted in 1998 showed that exposure of benthic communities to amixture of cadmium, copper, and zinc at concentrations similar to those in Reach 6 had no effect oncommunity composition, species richness of mayflies, or abundance of metal-sensitive species.

Commentary: Water quality in Reach 6 is greatly improved by the dilution from lake Creek. Recentsurvey data indicate that there is no injury to benthic macroinvertebrates in the lower portion of Reach 6near Buena Vista.

Representativeness of Data: The most extensive data are from a long-term analysis of water quality andbenthic macroinvertebrates from a single station in Reach 6 (station AR8 in Buena Vista) (Clements,unpublished data). Metal levels in the caddisfly Arctopsyche grandis were based on data collected between1993 and 1999. Metal concentrations in periphyton were determined in 1990 (Kiffney and Clements 1993)and between 1995-1996 (Harrrahy 2000).

Data Gaps: None




Working Draft

Benthic Macroinvertebrates (1989-2000)Reaches 7-8 - Chalk Creek to Canon City (79.3 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

1. Metal concentrations considered to be toxic to macroinvertebrates... [43 CFR2. See surface water.3. Microcosm experiments... [43 CFR 11.62(f)(2)(iii)]

Summary Data: Metal concentrations in Reaches 7 and 8 are generally below levels known to cause injury tobenthic macroinvertebrates.

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons



Statement of Injury: Few data are available from Reaches 7 and 8 of the Arkansas River. Results ofmicrocosm experiments conducted in 1998 showed that exposure of benthic communities to a mixture ofcadmium, copper, and zinc at concentrations similar to those measured at Reaches 7 and 8 had no effect oncommunity composition, species richness of mayflies, or abundance of metal-sensitive species. Quantitativecollections of benthic macroinvertebrates by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) showedno spatial trends that could be related to heavy metals in Reaches 7 and 8. Based on these results, there is noinjury to benthic macroinvertebrates in Reaches 7 and 8.

Commentary: The dramatic recovery of benthic macroinvertebrates observed in Reach 6 (Buena Vista)following remediation of upstream metal sources suggests that there is no injury to benthicmacroinvertebrates in Reaches 7 and 8.

Representativeness of Data: There are no macroinvertebrate surveys for Reaches 7 and 8 that are bothspatially and temporally comprehensive. The USFWS collected the only spatially extensive data availablefrom these reaches in 1995.

Data Gaps: None.




Working Draft

Benthic Macroinvertebrates (1989-2000)Reaches 9-10 - Canon City to a Point 1.5 Miles below the Outlet of Pueblo Reservoir (37.1 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

1. Metal concentrations considered to be toxic to macroinvertebrates... [43 CFR 11.62(f)(l)(0]2. See surface water.3. Microcosm experiments... [43 CFR 11.62(f)(2)(iii)]

Summary Data: Metal concentrations in Reaches 9 and 10 are generally below levels known to cause injuryto benthic macroinvertebrates.

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons



Statement of Injury: Very few data are available from Reaches 9 and 10 of the Arkansas River. Results ofmicrocosm experiments conducted in 1998 showed that exposure of benthic communities to a mixture ofcadmium, copper, and zinc at target concentrations greater than those generally observed at Reaches 9 and 10had no effect on community composition, species richness of mayflies, or abundance of metal-sensitivespecies. Quantitative collections of benthic macroinvertebrates by the LTSFWS showed no spatial trends thatcould be related to heavy metals. Based on these results, there is no current injury to benthicmacroinvertebrates in Reaches 9 and 10.

Commentary: The dramatic recovery of benthic macroinvertebrates observed in Reach 6 (Buena Vista)following remediation of upstream metal sources suggests that injury to benthic macroinvertebrates inReaches 9 and 10 is not occurring.

Representativeness of Data: There are no macroinvertebrate surveys for Reaches 9 and 10 that are bothspatially and temporally comprehensive. The USFWS collected the only spatially extensive data availablefrom these reaches in 1995.

Data Gaps: None.


Related Text: Sections 6.8.2, 6.8.2.1, 6.8.2.2, 6.9, 6.9.1 and 6.9.2

26The matrices provide a brief summary or the information contained in the Site Characterization Report (SCR). The matrices are not intended to be used asstand alone documents but rather are to be used in conjunction with the SCR.

Working Draft

Brown TroutReach 5 - Two Bit Gulch to Lake Creek (2.2 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

1. Metal concentrations considered to be toxic to fish... [43 CFR 11.62(f)(l)(i)]2. See surface water.

Summary Data: Aqueous metal concentrations in Reach 5 are sufficient to cause injury to brown trout.Maximum metal concentrations, especially during high flow conditions, exceed levels known to be toxic tobrown trout based on results of laboratory toxicity tests. Surveys of brown trout show reduced abundance andbiomass in Reach 5 compared to Reach 0.

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

1. Comparisons to benchmark: Reach 0a. Abundance (number per acre) and biomass (pounds per acre); andb. Length-frequency distributions.

2. Results of acute and chronic toxicity tests.

Statement of Injury: Metal concentrations in Reach 5 exceed levels known to be toxic to brown trout. Thebrown trout population in Reach 5 was characterized by reduced overall abundance but somewhat largerindividuals compared to the reference reach.

Commentary: Brown trout data from Reach 5 relatively sparse; however, because water quality in Reach 5was similar to that measured in Reach 3 (where injury was observed), we conclude that there is also injury tobrown trout in this reach.

Metal concentrations in Reach 5 exceed levels known to be toxic to brown trout. Abundance, biomass, andlength frequency distributions of brown trout from Reach 3 and Reach 5 were generally similar. The lowerabundance and biomass of brown trout in Reach 5 compared to Reach 0 is consistent with metal impacts.

Representativeness of Data: All brown trout data were obtained from the Colorado Division of Wildlife.Relatively few data are available in Reach 5 prior to remediation of the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel andCalifornia Gulch, and therefore it is difficult to assess temporal variation in brown trout biomass andabundance.

Data Gaps: Few data are available on brown trout populations in Reach 5.




Working Draft

Brown TroutReach 6 - Lake Creek to Chalk Creek (29.5 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury


Summary Data: Aqueous metal concentrations in Reach 6 are unlikely to cause injury to brown trout. Metalconcentrations decrease significantly downstream from Lake Creek, and mean values approach the regulatorythreshold levels in Reach 6. However, maximum metal concentrations, especially during high flowconditions, may exceed levels known to be toxic to brown trout.

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons


2. Results of acute and chronic toxicity tests.Statement of Injury: The brown trout population in Reach 6 was characterized by reduced overall abundancebut somewhat larger individuals compared to the reference reach.

Commentary: Because of natural and anthropogenic changes in physical characteristics of the ArkansasRiver, particularly flow alterations associated with discharge from Lake Creek and poor instream habitat,quantifying the importance of metals relative to other habitat features is difficult in this reach.

Representativeness of Data: All brown trout data were obtained from the Colorado Division of Wildlife.Relatively few data are available in Reach 6 prior to remediation of the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel andCalifornia Gulch, and therefore it is difficult to assess temporal variation in brown trout biomass andabundance.

Data Gaps: Uncertainty associated with the relative influence of heavy metals and flow alterations in Reach6 immediately downstream from Lake Creek results in a data gap. Discharge from Lake Creek significantlydilutes heavy metals (a positive effect), but may also influence brown trout recruitment and growth. It ispossible that flow alterations immediately downstream from Lake Creek impact fish populations; howeverthere are no quantitative data showing direct effects of these flow modifications on brown trout. Aquantitative sampling effort of brown trout upstream and downstream from Lake Creek that examinesseasonal and annual variation in both flow and water quality may reduce uncertainty regarding the relativeimportance of these two stressors.




Working Draft

Brown TroutReaches 7-8 - Chalk Creek to Canon City (79.3 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

1. Metal concentrations considered to be toxic to fish... [43 CFR 11.62(00X0]2. See surface water.

Summary Data: Aqueous metal concentrations in Reach 7 and 8 occasionally exceed levels sufficient tocause injury to brown trout.

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons



Statement of Injury: Brown trout biomass and abundance improved significantly in Reach 8 (Wellsville)compared to Reaches 3 and 6. Although overall abundance is lower compared to Reach 0, total biomass isgenerally similar to or greater than at the reference reach. The significant improvement in biomass andabundance of brown trout in Reach 8 and the similarity to the reference reach suggests there is no injury tobrown trout in Reach 8.

Commentary: Conditions within Reach 7 (e.g., water quality) are essentially the same as Reach 8, therefore,no injury is expected within Reach 7.

Representativeness of Data: All data were obtained from the Colorado Division of Wildlife. Relatively fewdata are available from Reaches 7 and 8 prior to remediation of the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel andCalifornia Gulch, and therefore it is difficult to assess temporal variation in brown trout biomass andabundance.

Data Gaps: None.




Working Draft

Brown TroutReaches 9-10 - Canon City to a Point 1.5 Miles below the Outlet of Pueblo Reservoir (37.1 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury


Summary Data: Aqueous metal concentrations in Reach 9 and 10 do not exceed levels sufficient to causeinjury to brown trout.

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons



Statement of Injury: Brown trout biomass and abundance improved significantly in Reach 8 at the Wellsvillestation. Although overall abundance is lower compared to Reach 0, total biomass is generally similar to orgreater than at the reference reach. The significant improvement in biomass and abundance of brown trout inReach 8 and the similarity to the reference reach suggests there is no injury further downstream in Reaches 9and 10.

Commentary: Natural longitudinal changes in the physicochemical and habitat characteristics of theArkansas River complicate comparisons with upstream reaches. Correspondingly, it should be noted thatwithin Reach 9 the Arkansas River transitions from a brown trout fishery.

Representativeness of Data: All data were obtained from the Colorado Division of Wildlife. Relatively fewdata are available from Reaches 9 and 10 prior to remediation of the Leadville Mine Drainage Tunnel andCalifornia Gulch, and therefore it is difficult to assess temporal variation in brown trout biomass andabundance.

Data Gaps: None.


Related Text: Sections 6.8.3, 6.8.3.1,6.8.3.2, 6.9, 6.9.1 and 6.9.2


Working Draft

Terrestrial Wildlife - Small MammalsReach 5 - Two Bit Gulch to Lake Creek (2.2 RM)


1. Histopathological lesions... [43 CFR 11.62(f)(4)(vi)(D)]

Summary Data: There are no small mammal data for Reach 5.

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

1. Metal concentrations in organs.

Statement of Injury: Based on declining metals concentrations in soils and vegetation from Reach 1 to 5 andbecause injury was not documented in areas of high exposure, small mammals are not expected to be injuredin Reach 5.

Commentary: There are areas of mine-waste deposits in Reach 5, but there are fewer areas compared toother reaches and they are all small deposits. Riparian vegetation is relatively dense in Reach 5 and basedon declining metals concentrations in soils and vegetation, metals exposure for small mammals is expectedto be minimal.

Representativeness of Data: There are no small mammal data for Reach 5 nor are there soils or vegetationdata.

Data Gaps: None.



31The matrices provide a brief summary of ihe information contained in the Site Characterization Report (SCR). The matrices are not intended to be used asstand alone documents but rather are to be used in conjunction with the SCR.

Working Draft

Terrestrial Wildlife - Small MammalsReaches 6-10 - Lake Creek to a Point 1.5 Miles below the Outlet of Pueblo Reservoir (145.9 RM)


1. Histopathological lesions... [43 CFR 11.62(f)(4)(vi)(D)]

Summary Data: There are no small mammal data for Reaches 6-10.

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

1. Metal concentrations in organs.

Statement of Injury: Injury to small mammals is not expected to occur in Reaches 6-10.

Commentary: Within the 11-mile reach, tissue concentrations and histopathology indicate that there is noinjury to small mammals. Because there are no known fluvial mine-waste deposits in Reaches 6-10 andbecause floodplain soils concentrations are relatively low, the potential for injury to small mammals is verylow.

Representativeness of Data: Floodplain soils data indicate that metals concentrations are well belowbenchmark values.

Data Gaps: None.

Is current information sufficient for restoration planning? No known injury requiring restoration.

Related Text: Sections 6.8.4, 6.8.4.1, 6.8.4.2, 6.9, 6.9.1 and 6.9.2


Working Draft

Terrestrial Wildlife - Migratory BirdsReach 5 - Two-Bit Gulch to Lake Creek (31.7 RM)


1. ALAD activity in assessment area is significantly less (alpha <0.05) than mean values for the control area andALAD suppression of at least 50 percent was measured... [43 CFR 11.62(f)(4)(v)(D)]

2. Reduced reproduction... [43 CFR 11.62(f)(4)(v)(B)]

Summary Data

Average Blood Metal Concentrationsin American Dippers (mg/kg wet weight)

Average Liver Metal Concentrationsin American Dippers (mg/kg wet weight)

BloodReach 5Reach 0

StudyReference

Benchmark

14

27

Cadmium

0.040.04

0.01

NR

Copper

0.290.23

0.16

NR

Lead

0.220.11

0.04

0.20

Zinc

6.2913.93

4.09

60.00

Liver

Reach 5Reach 0

StudyReference

Benchmark

14

Cadmium

0.140.84

0.21

40.00NR - Not Reported

% ALAD Reduction Compared to the Study Reference

Copper

10.005.39

6.90

NR

Lead

0.610.19

0.01

2.00

Zinc

25.8634.31

21.38


Average Metal Concentrations In mixed InvertebrateSpecies (ppm, wet weight)

Reach

Reach 5Reach 0

n

410

%ALADReduction

Compared toStudy Reference

4939

%ALADReduction

Compared toReach 0

170

Reach(sample size)

Reach 0(n=12)

Reach 5(n=6)

Benchmark

Cadmium

1.6

1.3

2.0

Copper

5.6

8.5

NR

Lead

2.5

14.3

2.0

Zinc

119.7

214.2

50.0NR- Not Reported

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons

1. Metal concentrations in organs.2. Metal concentrations in blood.

Statement of Injury: ALAD suppression in American dippers was 49 percent compared to the Study Reference.This is representative of a significant exposure to lead. Blood lead exceeds the literature-based benchmark and liverlead is elevated compared to Reach 0. Invertebrates exceed the dietary benchmark for migratory birds. There isinjury to migratory birds in Reach 5.

Commentary: Aquatic invertebrates continue to accumulate lead which results in significant environmentalexposure for dippers.

Representativeness of Data: The American dipper studies were conducted to evaluate metals exposure and ALADsuppression. Depressed ALAD is consistent with the elevated lead in blood and liver.

Data Gaps: These data represent potential metals exposure to migratory birds via the aquatic food chain; however,they do not represent exposure via terrestrial food chains that could result from fluvial deposits present in Reach 5.There are no data available that represent migratory birds with a terrestrial food base.

Is current information sufficient for restoration planning? Yes, the current information is sufficient for restorationplanning. The current information indicates that the fluvial deposits are a source of metals and represent potentialexposure pathway for terrestrial feeding migratory birds. Injury specific data for terrestrial feeding migratory birdswould not influence restoration planning.



Working Draft

Terrestrial Wildlife - Migratory BirdsReach 6 - Lake Creek to Chalk Creek (31.7 RM)


1. ALAD activity in assessment area is significantly less (alpha <0.05) than mean values for the control area andALAD suppression of at least 50 percent was measured... [43 CFR 11.62(f)(4)(v)(D)]


Summary Data



BloodReach 6Reach 0Study

ReferenceBenchmark

n1014

27

--

Cadmium0.010.04

0.01

NR

Copper0.160.23

0.16

NR

Lead0.130.11

0.04

0.20

Zinc3.7713.93

4.09

60.00

LiverReach 6Reach 0

StudyReference

Benchmark

n44

14

-

Cadmium2.000.84

0.21

40.00

Copper

8.095.39

6.90

NR

Lead0.840.19

0.01

2.00

Zinc

29.7934.31

21.38


% ALAD Reduction Compared to the Study Reference

NR - Not Reported


Reach

Reach 6Reach 0

n

910

%ALADReduction

Compared toStudy Reference

5639

%ALADReduction

Compared toReach 0

280

Reach(sample size)

Reach 0(n=12)

Reach 6(n= l l )

Benchmark

Cadmium

1.6

2.1

2.0

Copper

5.6

9.3

NR

Lead

2.5

26.3

2.0

Zinc

119.7

277.4

50.0


INK- Not ReportedRelated

BenchmarkComparisons

Statement of Injury: ALAD in American dippers is suppressed by 56 percent compared to the Study Reference.Blood and liver lead are elevated, but do not exceed the benchmark. Lead concentrations in invertebrates exceedthe dietary benchmark for migratory birds. There is injury to migratory birds in Reach 6.

Commentary: American dipper data are from the Granite area and the tree swallow data are from near Buena Vista.Blood and liver lead concentrations decrease compared to Reach 5, but continue to be elevated compared to Reach0. The tree swallow colony sampled in Reach 6 is located in the open valley floodplain-a potential sedimentdeposition area. However, none of the swallow data exceeded benchmark values.

Representativeness of Data: Both the tree swallow data and the American dipper studies were conducted toevaluate metals exposure and ALAD suppression. The swallow and dipper data provide a good representation ofmetals exposure from aquatic invertebrates.

Data Gaps: None.

Is current information sufficient for restoration planning? Yes, the current information is sufficient for restorationplanning.



Working Draft

Terrestrial Wildlife - Migratory BirdsReaches 7-8 - Chalk Creek to Canon City (79.3 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury

1. ALAD activity in assessment area is significantly less (alpha <0.05) than mean values for the controlarea and ALAD suppression of at least 50 percent was measured... [43 CFR 11.62(f)(4)(v)(D)]


Summary Data



Blood

Reach 7Reach 8Reach 0Study

ReferenceBenchmark

3014

27

Cadmium

0.010.010.04

0.01

NR

Copper

0.070.130.23

0.16

NR

Lead

0.040.050.11

0.04

0.20

Zinc

2.884.0013.93

4.09

60.00

Liver

Reach 7ReachSReach 0

StudyReference

Benchmark

13

14

Cadmium

0.030.170.84

0.21

40.00

Copper

10.005.865.39

6.90

NR

Lead

0.040.090.19

0.01

2.00

Zinc

22.1825.5734.31

21.38


% ALAD Reduction Compared to theStudy Reference

NR - Not Reported


Reach

Reach 7Reach 8Reach 0

n

42410

%ALADreduction

compared toStudy Reference

482539

%ALADreductioncomparedto Reach 0

1400

Reach(sample size)

Reach 0(n= 12)Reach 7 (n=3)

Reach 8 (n=30)Reach 9 (n=2)

Cadmium

1.60.60.60.1

Copper

5.66.67.14.9

Lead

2.51.73.21.5

Zinc

119.7153.7138.641.4

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons


Statement of Injury: ALAD in American dippers was suppressed by 48 percent in Reach 7 and 25 percent inReach 8 compared to the Study Reference. Blood lead concentrations in Reaches 7 & 8 were similar toReach 0. All tissue metal concentrations were below benchmark values. All tissue metal concentrationswere below benchmark values. ALAD suppression in tree swallows was 1-35 percent compared to Reach 0and nest data from tree swallow colonies showed no reproductive impairment. There is no injury tomigratory birds in Reaches 7 and 8.

Commentary: Even though ALAD suppression was 48 percent in Reach 7, environmental exposure is nearReach 0 levels for lead and other metals. Tissue metal concentrations for Reaches 7 and 8 are near Reach 0levels and do not exceed benchmarks.

Representativeness of Data: Both the tree swallow and American dipper studies were conducted to evaluatemetals exposure and ALAD suppression. While not all reaches had the same number of samples, there was asufficient number of samples to evaluate injury. Along with aquatic invertebrate samples, these data arerepresentative of exposure and injury to migratory birds dependant upon the aquatic food chain.

Data Gaps: None.

Is current information sufficient for restoration planning? Yes, the current information is sufficient forrestoration planning.



Working Draft

Terrestrial Wildlife -Migratory BirdsReaches 9 - Canyon City to Pueblo Reservoir (29 RM)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury


2. Reduced reproduction... [43 CFR 11.62(f)(4)(v)(B)]Summary Data

Average Metal Concentrations In mixed Invertebrate Species (ppm, wet weight)

Reach(sample size)

Reach 0(n=12)

Reach 9(n=2)

Cadmium

1.6

0.1

Copper

5.6

4.9

Lead

2.5

1.5

Zinc

119.7

41.4

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons


Statement of Injury: Based on decreasing environmental exposure, injury to migratory birds is not expectedin this reach.

Commentary: Concentrations in aquatic invertebrates are lower than Reach 0 levels for all metals andconcentrations in other media have generally decreased.

Representativeness of Data: There are no migratory bird data for Reach 9, but there are data for aquaticinvertebrates. These data indicate decreasing food chain exposure, which is consistent with water chemistrydata.

Data Gaps: None.

Is current information sufficient for restoration planning? Yes, the current information is sufficient forrestoration planning.



Working Draft

Terrestrial Wildlife - Migratory BirdsReach 10 - Pueblo Reservoir (inlet to a point 1.5 miles below the outlet; 8.1 RM total)RegulatoryThresholdsFor Injury



Summary Data:

Custer et al. (2003 In Press) collected 3 swallow samples in 1997 and 3 samples in 1998. Mueller et al.(1991) sampled adult and nestling waterfowl and shorebirds in 1991.

RelatedBenchmark

Comparisons


Statement of Injury: All bird tissues sampled were below benchmark values. There does not appear to be asignificant route of exposure that would result in injury to migratory birds.

Commentary: Metal concentrations in all environmental media are at or lower than Reach 0. The existingdata indicate that there is little chance of food-chain exposure.

Representativeness of Data: There are few bird samples, but the existing data are collected in different yearsand represent a variety of species.

Data Gaps: None.




7.0 SMELTER-EMISSIONS AIRSHED

7.1 Purpose and Objectives of Airshed Survey

Deposition of airborne stack emissions from historic smelter operations occurred in areas

surrounding the smelters within the Leadville Mining District. Smelter emissions consisted of gasses and

particles. The residue of gaseous emissions has dissipated over time; however, particulate deposition is

still evident. Particulate smelter emissions contain metals derived primarily from ore. Predominant

metals that would have been associated with historic smelter emissions in the Leadville area include

arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc. Delineation of the area of deposition of smelter-stack emissions

(or the smelter "Airshed" as defined by the Work Plan) is of interest in evaluating the potential for

specific smelter-related impacts to the natural resources of the UARB,

The objectives of the airshed delineation are to identify the information available to characterize

the smelter-emissions depositional zone and to determine if additional data are needed to define the

boundaries of the smelter airshed. To meet these objectives, surficial soil metals concentrations from

existing data sources were mapped using a GIS. The GIS mapping results were further considered with

regard for the potential for injury to natural resources from historic smelter deposition. Because of the

overlap of smelter deposition with areas of mining disturbance it is important to consider the

characteristics that distinguish smelter-emission deposition from other mining-related impacts to soils

and/or vegetation.

7.2 Approach

The majority of the smelting activities in and around Leadville occurred during the late 1800s and

very early 1900s. Smelters in the UARB have not operated for many years. Metals delivered to soil via

airborne emissions may have since been influenced by water and/or wind erosion or by dissolution in and

transport by infiltrating water. For these reasons, the entire area of smelter-emissions deposition may no

longer be readily apparent. Investigations at other historical smelter sites (e.g., Black and Veatch 1988;

Wixson et al. 1988; Dames and Moore 1991; Bechtel 1992) have shown that areas of smelter deposition

may be identified from the relative concentrations of metals found in undisturbed, or minimally disturbed,

surficial soils. Those studies have also confirmed that the total metals content of undisturbed soils

decreases with increasing distance from smelter-emission sources, as expected for an air emissions

source. Metals concentrations at the outer extent of the deposition area, where relatively small amounts

of particulate emissions were deposited, may be indistinguishable from their background concentrations

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\SCR_current1.doc 7-1

in soil. Therefore, delineation of the airshed must focus on the areas where soil conditions due to smelter-

emissions deposition are readily distinguishable from natural variability.

Relatively insoluble metals with limited mobility in the soil environment (e.g., lead), serve as the

best indicators of historical smelter emissions because their distributions in soil are the least likely to

change over time. Lead contamination of soil is expected to be persistent due to lead's low solubility and

mobility in soil. For this reason, the lead concentration in undisturbed soil often serves as a useful

indicator of past deposition of emissions from smelters. The other metals found in Leadville district ores,

such as arsenic, cadmium, copper, and zinc, may also be useful for identifying soil impacted by smelter

emissions. Data describing the concentrations of these metals in soil are included in the project database.

As described in prior report sections, there are a number of other sources of lead to the soils in

Leadville in addition to smelter emissions. These sources include the natural (or background) sources of

lead to soils; mining-related sources such as ore and waste rock piles, mine-waste and slag; and other

sources not related to mining activities such as historic automobile emissions and deteriorated lead-based

paint. In order to delineate an area of smelter-emissions deposition using lead concentrations in soil, it is

important to be able to distinguish smelter-emmissions from other sources of lead.

Several types of information may be used to assess the relative importance of smelter emissions

compared to other source emissions in contributing to the current levels of soil contamination and

delineating the smelter airshed in the UARB, including:

• Locations and operating histories of smelters;

• Long-term meteorological data describing predominant wind directions and wind speeds;

• Metals concentrations, especially lead, in shallow undisturbed soils; and

• Characterization of the solid-phase (i.e., mineral) associations of metals, especially lead,

related to smelter emissions as opposed to metals from other sources.

The following section identifies the data that are currently available to provide the information

listed above.


7.3 Existing Sources of Relevant Data

A review of existing reports and data lead to several sources of information that are relevant to

delineation of the smelter airshed. The data discovered and compiled through this effort originate

primarily, although not exclusively, from investigations of the California Gulch Superfund/NPL Site (the

Site). A summary of the information found in existing sources is provided below.

7.3.1 Historical Smelter Information

The Site includes a number of former smelters where lead-silver and lead-zinc ores were

processed. A report prepared by Jacobs Engineering for the USEPA (Jacobs 1991) contains a brief

history of each of 17 smelters identified within the Site, including information describing the smelter

facilities, smelting methods, and dates of operation. This information, summarized in the Jacobs report,

was used to develop sampling plans for remedial investigations within the Site (Table 7-1).

Smelters previously operating in the vicinity of Leadville processed primarily lead-sliver and

lead-zinc ores from the Leadville Mining District. Smelting operations in this area started in 1875, and by

1879 there were 15 smelters in operation in the immediate vicinity of Leadville. However, most of the

smelting operations were relatively short-lived, and by 1900 there were only three operating smelters

remaining. The last smelter to cease operation was the Arkansas Valley (AV) Smelter, which operated

nearly continuously from 1879 to 1961.

Several smelters were located along California Gulch west of the City of Leadville (Grant/Union,

Leadville, Western Zinc, La Plata, American, AV, California, Lizzie, and Malta Smelters, listed from east

to west). Among these, the AV Smelter, the longest operating smelter in the area, was located on the

north side of California Gulch at Stringtown. Smelters were also located along Evans Gulch (Ohio and

Missouri, Cummings and Finn, Gage-Hagaman, and Raymond, Sherman and MacKay Smelters), within

the City of Leadville (Harrison Reduction Works) and east of Leadville (Adelaide and Little Chief

Smelters). The locations of these smelters are shown on Figure 7-1 (Walsh 1993a, adapted from Jacobs

1991).

When operating, smelters generated slag, flue dust, fugitive emissions, and stack emissions. Dust

chambers were typically used to retain dust before furnace gases were vented through a stack. Dust

retention was later improved through the use of bag houses. By approximately the mid 1890s, bag

houses, which reduced the amount of dust in stack emissions, were used by most of the Leadville-area


smelters. Stack emissions also contained metallic and sulfur vapors. In addition, the smelter stacks were

"blown" when furnaces needed repair or cleaning or were shut down. When the stacks were blown the

emissions would have also contained the smelting residue coating the furnace walls and stack.

7.3.2 Remedial Investigation of California Gulch Soils

A soil investigation study was performed to obtain the data necessary to conduct feasibility

studies and baseline risk assessments for the NPL site (CDM 1994). These data were used to determine

the concentrations of the elements of potential concern (identified by USEPA as arsenic, cadmium, lead,

mercury, and zinc) and their distribution in soil, as well as to identify the source(s) of the elements of

potential concern.

A total of 3,589 soil samples were collected from 719 locations during 1991 and 1992. At most

locations, samples were collected from five depth intervals (0 to 1 inch, 1 to 2 inches, 2 to 6 inches, 6 to

12 inches, and 12 to 18 inches). Soil sample locations were dictated by a grid pattern that extended over

the entire site and some adjacent areas. At each sampling location, the soil was classified according to

location, surface cover, and soil type (native, fill, or mine-waste). Native soils were also described as

undisturbed or disturbed.

All samples were dried and sieved prior to analysis for eleven elements (silver, arsenic, barium,

calcium, cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, zinc) by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry

(XRF). Selected samples were also submitted to CLP laboratories for analysis of the same elements plus

potassium, magnesium, aluminum, and mercury. For each sample, two size fractions (less than 2 mm and

less than 250 um in diameter) were analyzed. Data analyses were performed using the results from XRF

analyses. A metals speciation study was conducted independent of the soil investigation using a subset of

the samples collected for the soil investigation study. The results from the speciation are presented

elsewhere (see below).

The distributions of metals in soils were presented on two sets of contour maps using data from

(1) all soils, and (2) undisturbed native soils. Kriging analysis was used to generate the iso-concentration

maps presented in the report.

The lead iso-concentration contour map for "all soils" (Figure 7-2, from CDM 1994) shows

elevated concentrations in several areas of the site, including: east of the City of Leadville, where mine-

waste piles are present; northeast of Leadville near the historic Evans Gulch smelter area; lower

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\SCR_currentl.doc 1A

California Gulch around Stringtown and the AV Smelter site; extending north and south from California

Gulch; and near Colorado Mountain College at Georgia Gulch. An iso-concentration contour map for

lead in relatively undisturbed native soils only (Figure 7-3, from COM 1994) shows more limited areas of

elevated lead concentrations. Evans Gulch and lower California Gulch — are revealed as the dominant

areas of elevated lead concentrations in the top 1 inch of undisturbed native soil likely associated with

former smelting activities.

7.3.3 Smelter Remedial Investigation

The focus of the Smelter Remedial Investigation (RI) (Walsh 1993a) was to collect data to

identify and evaluate the impacts of historical smelting operations on human health and the environment

within the boundaries of the California Gulch NPL Site. The Smelter RI was performed concurrently

with the Soil Investigation (COM 1994) discussed above, and data from both studies were used to support

this investigation.

The purpose of the Smelter RI was to describe the geographic distribution of soil metals

(primarily arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc) originating from the smelter facilities. The Smelter RI

consisted of several tasks including: literature and document review; site reconnaissance of smelter sites

to identify potentially contaminated areas (e.g., historic bag houses and dust chambers); air-dispersion

modeling to establish probable wind depositional patterns and the potential extent of airborne emissions;

soil sampling and laboratory testing and analysis; and data evaluation and summary.

Air-dispersion modeling was performed to evaluate historic depositional patterns and identify

potential locations for sampling associated with maximum deposition of airborne emissions from the 17

historical smelter operations identified by Jacobs. The Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST)

model was used to estimate the contributions of four metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc) in historic

smelter emissions to their concentrations in soil across the site. This model requires meteorological data

and information to describe stack emissions from the various historical smelters.

The meteorological data used to define the model input parameters were collected for a one-year

period in 1990 and 1991 at two locations, the Yak Tunnel and Colorado Mountain College. These data

indicate that wind directions and wind speeds vary seasonally and that the annual prevailing wind

directions, in order of greatest duration, are expected to be from: (1) northwest to northeast 35 percent of

the time, (2) east northeast to east southeast 31 percent of the time, and (3) south to west southwest less

than 20 percent of the time.


The information available to describe past smelter operations and stack emission characteristics

was extremely limited. The types, durations and rates of historic emissions from stacks associated with

the 17 smelters identified in the Leadville area were variable over time and among the different smelters.

Input parameters used in the ISCST model were generally based on assumptions about operations rather

than documented practices.

Given these inputs, the resultant model predicted metals concentrations across a rectangular grid

of emission receptor points that extended 15.5 kilometers (km) north to south and 18.5 km east to west

across the study area. These results are presented on metals distribution maps showing the cumulative

total metals (sum of arsenic, cadmium, lead and zinc) contribution to soil from all smelter emissions

combined. These results were then used to select the locations and extent of soil sampling used to support

the Smelter RI. Given the uncertainty in the model inputs and resulting output, the model results were not

used to delineate the airshed area without field confirmation through soil sampling and analysis.

Soil samples (3,589) were collected from 719 locations during the soil investigation study (Camp

Dresser & McKee (COM) 1994), and Walsh analyzed an additional 276 samples that they collected from

80 new locations. The area where soil sampling was performed lies roughly within the boundaries of the

California Gulch NPL Site except to the south of Smeltertown in California Gulch and also immediately

south of the East Fork Arkansas River where additional soil samples were collected outside the NPL site

boundaries. The additional soil samples were analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc by XRF.

The same sample depths and sample preparation and analysis methods were used by CDM and Walsh,

and the results from these two studies are considered comparable. During soil sampling, each sample

location was evaluated by a soil scientist, and the soil was described as either disturbed or undisturbed

based on whether or not mine-waste, fill material, or human artifacts were present.

The largely undisturbed area to the south of California Gulch and downwind of the former AV,

California, La Plata, and American smelters was presumed to be an area impacted exclusively by smelter

emissions and was used as the control area. The smelter-emissions control area is bounded by Georgia

Gulch to the east, California Gulch to the north, Highway 24 to the west, and the southern boundary of

the study area. Most of this area lacks any evidence of historic mining activities, yet metals

concentrations in soils are high relative to other undisturbed areas. The smelter-emissions control area is

predominantly forested but also includes bare ground immediately south of the former AV Smelter.

Metals ratios in soils from the smelter-emissions control area were used to characterize a

signature associated with soils that contain smelter-emissions fallout. The data from the less than 2-mm


size fraction and 0- to 1-inch depth interval were used to characterize the smelter-emissions signature.

The control-area approach is based on the assumption that the chemical and physical changes that have

taken place at the control site are representative of chemical and physical changes that have occurred in

other areas where smelter emissions have been the primary source of metals to soils. Given this

assumption, the signatures of the smelter-emissions control area reflect both the effects of smelter-

emission fallout and the chemical and physical changes that have occurred since the cessation of smelting

in this area.

Linear-regression methods were used to describe co-variation of lead concentrations with the

concentrations of other metals in soils from the smelter-emissions control area. The linear relationships

identified were then used as the basis for comparison to metals concentrations in soils from other parts of

the study area. For control sites, regression analysis was used to identify metal pairs having significantly

correlated (99 percent confidence) concentrations. The metal signature was then described for

significantly correlated combinations, plus or minus one standard deviation of the regression equation. A

total of nine metals correlations were found to be significant in 0- to 1-inch depth soils from the smelter-

emissions control area.

Using the metals signature from control-area soils at the 0- to 1-inch depth, the metals contents of

0- to 1-inch deep soils from the other sites were tested for positive or negative agreement with the

smelter-emissions signature. For example, the results of comparison of the control lead:zinc ratios to the

same ratio in undisturbed soils across the study are shown on Figure 7-4 (Walsh 1993a). In cases where

at least seven of nine of the metals ratios were shown to have metals contents consistent with the control-

area signature, the soil from that location was considered to share the smelter-emissions signature, as

shown on Figure 7-5 (Walsh 1993a). As shown on Figure 7-4, there are a number of locations where the

lead:zinc ratio in undisturbed surface soil does not match the smelter-emissions control-area signature,

even though the location clearly lies within the expected boundaries of the smelter airshed. These

examples likely result from the difficulties in predicting a smelter signature that would apply to emissions

from numerous smelter operations that operated differently and at different periods of time within the

same area. For this reason, the accuracy of the smelter-signature approach developed by Walsh for this

study remains unknown.

Results obtained from the smelter-signature comparison method were used to delineate an area

impacted by smelter emissions as shown on Figure 7-6 (Walsh 1993a). The shaded area on Figure 7-6

represents the distribution of sampled sites that have a metals signature resembling the smelter-emissions

control area, including both undisturbed and disturbed sites. The undisturbed locations resembling the

control area are also shown individually. The shaded area was delineated using a 750-foot buffer zone


around each sample site that resembled the control area. The width of the buffer zone is appropriate to

the sampling grid dimensions of 1,000 ft2 in unpopulated areas and 500 ft2 in populated areas.

Based on these results, the areas exhibiting smelter-emission signatures include:

• Areas south of U.S. Highway 24 and between upper California Gulch and the Arkansas

River;

• The west and northwest portions of the study areas; and

• Portions of Evans Gulch that correspond to the former smelter sites in the gulch and a

small area near the Little Chief Smelter site.

Areas determined to be impacted primarily by sources of metals other than smelter emissions

(e.g., mine-waste, mine-waste slag) include:

• Much of the City of Leadville, which contains various types of fill;

• The eastern portion of the study area, which contains alluvial mine-waste and mine-wasterock;

• California and Malta Gulches, which contain alluvial mine-waste and/or mine-wasterock;

• Hecla mine-waste area;

• Lake Fork Trailer Park area, which consists of fill material; and

• Channels and low terrace deposits along the Arkansas River at California Gulch, whichare impacted by fluvial mine-waste.

This empirical approach was described as having several benefits over a modeling approach in

delineating the deposition airshed, as follows:

• Model input parameters were estimates and subject to error; and

• Observed metals concentrations relative to a control site are good indicators of smelter-emission deposition because the metals contents of soils are not expected to have

changed significantly following deposition, except possibly in areas subject to erosion

(steep slopes, stream channels, etc.).


7.3.4 Characterization of Pre-Mining Soil Conditions

In support of the smelter investigations, Walsh also performed a study to describe pre-mining soil

geochemistry within the Leadville Mining District (Walsh 1994). The data used for this study were

primarily from other soils investigations of the California Gulch Site, including the Smelter RI (Walsh

1993 a) and Soils Investigation (COM 1994), but they also included metals data for soils collected from

undisturbed sites within the mineralized areas around the Site. Statistical methods (cumulative

probability plots) were used to differentiate between the "pre-mining" concentrations of metals, or

background concentrations, and their concentrations in soils disturbed by mining activities. Detailed soil

and surficial geology maps were also produced as part of this study. Information from the detailed soil

and surficial geology maps was used to identify and define seven soil-geologic units, which are

consequently tied to both the geomorphology and geochemistry of the soil parent materials.

The soil-geologic-unit map shows the locations of these seven general units. Areas of native,

undisturbed soils are shown as well as soils containing construction fill, mine-waste, waste rock and slag,

mechanically altered soils, eroded soils, and areas covered by buildings and parking lots. The native,

undisturbed soils have all soil horizons present and no evidence of man-made disturbance.

Pre-mining (or background) metals concentrations are presented for soils by "landscape position"

and by soil-geologic unit. The landscape position refers to either upland or alluvial soils. The findings

(Table 7-2) show that metals contents in alluvial soils are generally higher than those in upland soils,

primarily due to natural weathering and transport processes that concentrate heavier minerals, such as

common metallic-ore minerals, in depositional environments. In upland areas, background metals

concentrations were generally found in soil below the A horizon, suggesting that the downward transport

of metals is not a very active process in upland landscape positions. The metals concentrations of alluvial

soil horizons are more variable than the upland horizons, perhaps due to greater mobility of metals in the

alluvial soils. The pre-mining metals contents of soils from upland areas are within the low end of the

ranges of metals contents reported by Schacklette and Boemgen (1984) for soils of the western United

States. The arsenic and lead contents of pre-mining alluvial soils, however, appear greater than those

reported for western U.S. soils.

Walsh (1994) also identified background metals concentration ranges for each of the soil-

geologic units, but concluded that the ranges given for upland and alluvial landscape positions may better

represent pre-mining metal ranges over the entire site. Interestingly, the mean arsenic, cadmium, copper,


and lead concentrations of the top 1 inch of undisturbed soils are generally higher than in the top 1 inch of

disturbed soils for a number of the soil-geologic units described. Walsh explained that the elevated

metals contents in the top 1 inch of undisturbed soils relative to disturbed soils may be due to:

• The relative immobility of metals in arid climates with soils of near neutral pH, such asLeadville;

• The higher organic matter content of surficial soils, which leads to greater sorption of

positively charged metal cations such as copper and lead; and

• Surficial soil contamination by non-disruptive processes, such as air deposition of metals.

7.3.5 Lead Speciation Studies

Several studies were performed to describe the solid-phase associations of metals present in soils

and other environmental media from the California Gulch NPL Site. The information provided by these

studies is useful for distinguishing soils where elevated metals contents have resulted from smelter-

emissions deposition rather than from other mining, or non-mining, related sources.

Selected soil samples from the studies described above were included in a site-wide metals

speciation investigation. The final metals speciation report was prepared jointly by CDM, University of

Colorado and the R.J. Lee Group (CDM et al. 1994; Drexler and Weston 1995) and includes raw data

from a total of 320 samples of soil, mine-waste (waste piles and mine-waste), environmental sample types

(residential soils and interior dust), and. fluvial deposits/stream sediments. Approximately 15 of the soil

samples included in this study are from locations within the area delineated by Walsh (1993 a) as impacted

by smelter emissions. Maps included in this report show that the lead mass in surficial soils from these

areas is primarily associated with iron and manganese oxides, phosphate, and organic carbon phases, with

minor amounts of lead in silicate and "slag" phases.

Walsh also performed a lead speciation study (Walsh 1993b), to support the selection of the

hillside south of the AV Smelter site as a control area for smelter emissions and to provide additional

characterization data for identification of soils containing metals derived from smelter emissions. Soils

from the hillside south of the AV Smelter site have lead levels ranging from several hundred mg/Kg to

almost 9,000 mg/Kg in surface samples. Other metals are also enriched compared to their concentrations

observed in the other parts of the study area (Walsh 1993a). The AV hillside soils lie downwind from the

smelter site and are likely to have been impacted primarily by airfall products from the AV Smelter.


These soils have a low pH (4.5 to 6) due to the low buffering capacity of the soils and the past deposition

of S02 gases from smelter emissions. The undisturbed soil surface on this hillside has a dark, sooty

coating that resembles desert varnish. This coating is thin but high in lead-carbon-oxygen compounds.

The majority of the lead-bearing particles observed in these soils consist of various carbonaceous and

siliceous fly-ash particles, some of which can be up to several millimeters in diameter. Walsh described

an ash particle with a siliceous, low-iron, glassy matrix (in contrast to the high-iron matrix of slag)

containing numerous small particles of lead oxide and sulfate.

In the samples considered representative of soils containing stack fallout, Walsh observed a small

proportion of lead in organic and high-silica materials (carbonaceous and siliceous ash), a larger

proportion of lead in relatively soluble forms, such as lead oxide (PbO) and lead sulfate (PbSO4), and/or

readily exchangeable surface sorption sites and the highest proportion either chemically sorbed to soil

minerals, such as iron and manganese oxides, and contained in oxide and phosphate phases, or bound

with more resistant mineral phases, such as sulfides and silicates. The presence of carbonaceous and

siliceous ash particles, even in small amounts, appears indicative of the presence of smelter-emissions

fallout.

7.3.6 Baseline Risk Assessments

The Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment (Weston 1996) and the Ecological Risk

Assessment for the Terrestrial Ecosystem (Weston and Terra 1997) rely on soils data collected by Walsh

(1993a and 1994) and CDM (1994) in the studies described above as well as data from other sources for

residential environmental media, mine-wastes, and plant and animal tissue. The lead dataset used to

perform the risk assessments is described in Consolidated Findings of Soil-Lead Investigations at the

California Gulch NPL Site (Weston 1994). Human health risks were evaluated using data describing the

metals concentration from the top 6 inches of soil (as a depth-weighted average) from residential areas.

Ecological risks were evaluated primarily using data describing the metals contents (arsenic, cadmium,

copper, lead, and zinc) in the top 2 inches of soil from nonresidential areas.

The ecological risk assessment also utilized data for waste rock, mine-waste piles, slag, fluvial

mine-waste, and sediment from nonresidential areas and biological data (small mammals and vegetation)

collected by Asarco and Resurrection (Stoller 1996). The metals concentration data for co-located

surficial soil and vegetation samples are included in the project database. Data collected for Resurrection

from the upper California Gulch area show little correlation between total metals contents and surface

soils and plant ecosystem diversity or plant metals content. In addition, AB-DTPA extractable metals (a

J:\OI0004\Task 3 - SCR\SCR_currentI.doc 7-11

potential measure of bioavailable metals) contents are not correlated with the total metals contents in soils

or co-located plant metals contents (Stoller 1996). Stoller (1996) reported that the only areas in upper

California Gulch showing evidence of phytotoxic stress are areas adjacent to mine-wastes. Evidence of

phytotoxic stress is absent from other areas remote from mine-waste.

7.3.7 Other Investigations

In addition to the studies performed to support investigations of the California Gulch Superfund

Site, there are several other studies that provide data that are useful to delineate the smelter airshed.

Those data are described below.

7.3.7.1 BLM Soils Investigation

During the summer of 2000, the BLM collected soil samples from the upper 1 inch of soil at

approximately 70 locations within the UARB. Thirteen of those were upland locations within Iowa

Gulch, approximately 1.5 miles south of California Gulch. These samples were referred to as the

"airshed" samples. Soils were also collected from a variety of 2- to 6-inch depth intervals to a maximum

depth of 26 inches at locations predominantly within riparian areas along the Arkansas River from

California Gulch downstream to Pueblo. All of the soil samples were analyzed for iron, lead, manganese,

and zinc. The locations, sample depths, and soil lead concentrations for samples collected in the vicinity

of former smelters within California Gulch are shown on Figures 7-7 and 7-8 along with data from the

other sources described in this report.

The lead concentrations in the Iowa Gulch samples are generally lower than in soil collected

approximately one mile north and within the California Gulch drainage. The southernmost soil samples

from California Gulch have lead contents ranging from 713 to 2,223 mg/Kg. The lead concentrations in

the Iowa Gulch soils range from 252 to 924 mg/Kg. All of the Iowa Gulch soils have lead concentrations

greater than Walsh's characterization of background concentrations in upland soils (150 mg/Kg, Table 7-

2).

Samples collected north of Leadville, along the East Fork of the Arkansas River and upstream of

Evans Gulch, have lead concentrations within the range for background soils. West of the Arkansas

River, near the confluence with California Gulch, lead concentrations range from 20 to 1,824 mg/Kg but

only exceed the background concentration in alluvial soils (870 mg/Kg, Table 7-2) at one location.


These data demonstrate a trend of decreasing lead concentrations in undisturbed surface soil with

increasing distance from the historic smelter operations in the Leadville area.

7.3.7.2 Levy Study

In the summer of 1988, Levy and others (Levy et al. 1992) sampled surface soils (upper 1 inch) at

one location in Tennessee Park. The sample was analyzed for a suite of metals, including lead. The total

lead concentration at this location was 275 mg/Kg, which further supports the conclusion of decreasing

lead concentrations in undisturbed surface soils with increasing distance form the historic smelter

operations in the Leadville area.

7.3.7.3 National Uranium Resource Evaluation Program Data

The U.S. Geological Survey's National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) program provides

geochemical data for sediment and water samples collected from across the United States. More than

1,700 sediment samples were collected from the Leadville Quadrangle (2 degree sheet) and sediments

from approximately 30 locations within the UARB were analyzed for metals, including arsenic and lead.

The NURE sampling locations extend beyond the area where soil samples have been collected in support

of the various investigations described above. However, because the metals contents were measured in

sediment samples, these data are not directly comparable to the metals data for upland soils. For this

reason, the NURE data were not used to assist in airshed delineation and are not included in the GIS used

to prepare the map figures in this section.

7.3.7.4 U.S.G.S. Investigation of Fluvial Tailings

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with USEPA and the Bureau of Reclamation, studied

the effects of fluvial tailings deposits on soils, surface water and groundwater along a 3-mile reach of the

Upper Arkansas River (Walton-Day et al. 2000). The study area is located approximately 6 to 9 miles

downstream of the confluence of California Gulch with the Arkansas River. This work included

collection and analysis of 13 soil samples. Eleven of the soil samples were collected from the floodplain

in areas expected to have elevated metals concentrations due to fluvial deposition of visible tailings


deposits. The remaining two samples were collected from above the floodplain in areas apparently

unaffected by fluvial tailings deposits; these two samples are referred to as background samples.

The samples were analyzed for 13 metals/metalloids, including arsenic and lead. The arsenic

concentrations in both background samples were 10 mg/Kg. Lead concentrations in these samples were

180and200mg/Kg.

7.3.7.5 USGS Remote Sensing Studies

Remotely sensed multi-spectral reflectance data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey

(Swayze et al. 1996) and processed to characterize and identify localized sources of acid mine drainage

and contamination from waste rock piles within the California Gulch NPL Site. The interpretive map

developed from the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) reflectance data shows an

area of "smelter effluent ground coating" on the hillside south of the AV smelter site, the same area as

used in the Smelter RJ (Walsh 1993 a) as the control area for smelter impacted soils. This area was

spectrally mapped as an area where amorphous iron-hydroxide is present at the surface. Field

investigation of the area showed rocks coated with a grayish coating of material described as condensed,

arsenic-rich "effluent" that reportedly originated from the nearby AV Smelter stacks. Although multi-

spectral reflectance data were useful for identifying probable smelter-related mineral phases in soils from

a largely unvegetated area, their usefulness in more heavily vegetated areas has not yet been

demonstrated.

7.3.8 Summary of Findings to Delineate Smelter Airshed

Based on results from the previous studies described above, the following understanding is

provided:

• The smelter airshed may be delineated using data describing the metals content in

undisturbed surface soils in the areas surrounding former smelter operations. The lead

distribution map provided by CDM (1994) shows the areas where lead concentrations in

the upper 1-inch of undisturbed soil are relatively high. The areas highlighted based onthis map are: (1) an area south of the former Malta, Lizzie, California, AV, and American

smelter sites that extends south outside the California Gulch site boundaries, and (2) a

smaller area to the northeast of the former Elgin, Raymond, Sherman and McKay, Gage-


Hagaman, Cummings and Finn and Ohio and Missouri Smelter sites north of the City of

Leadville.

Similar areas were identified by Walsh (1993a) in the Smelter RI based on comparisons

of the relative abundances of metals to their relative abundances in soils from a smelter-

emissions control area. The control area for soils within the smelter airshed is located

due south of the former AV Smelter site and is believed to have received smelter-

emissions fallout from several smelters over an extended period, but it has not been

subject to other mining-related disturbances. The area identified by Walsh (1993a) as

impacted by smelter emissions is based on empirical data describing the metals content

and metals ratios in the top 1-inch of soil. These areas are delineated on Figure 7-6 (from

the Smelter RI) and include the same areas south of the AV Smelter site and northeast of

Leadville as described above, as well as broader areas to the north and south of the

former Malta, Lizzie, California, AV, American, La Plata, Grant Union, Western Zinc,

and Leadville smelter sites. The smelter airshed shown by Walsh extends south of the

NPL site boundary.

An air-dispersion model was also developed for the Smelter RI using limited

meteorological data and uncertain smelter-operations information. The resultant

predicted, or modeled, metals contents in soil were not consistent with observed metals

contents in soil. The lack of correlation between predicted and observed results is likely

due to uncertainty in the input parameters used for the model and the complexity of

modeling emissions from multiple smelters across this site each with different operatinghistories.

Data collected by the BLM demonstrate a trend of decreasing lead concentration in

undisturbed surface soil with increasing distance south, north, and west of the former

smelter locations. Lead concentrations approach their background ranges at the locations

sampled by BLM to the south in Iowa Gulch and north and west of California Gulch.

7.4 Description of Airshed Based on Existing Data

All of the studies described above provide data relevant to delineation of the smelter airshed, and

the best approach for defining the extent of the airshed utilizes the combined data from these various

sources.

The following data compilation and analysis steps were performed to assemble the best available

dataset for use in delineating the smelter airshed:


1. All available data describing metals concentrations in soil samples (less than 2-mm size

fraction) collected from the 0- to 1-inch or 0- to 2-inch depth intervals of undisturbed native

soils were compiled in an electronic database along with any available information describing

sample locations and soil characteristics (e.g., upland vs. alluvial soils). Based on the

findings of previous studies (CDM 1991; Walsh 1993a; and Walsh 1994), these are the

sample types that are considered most appropriate for delineating an area of smelter

deposition. In addition, metals concentrations data for soil samples collected from other

surface depth intervals (e.g., 0 to 6 inches from Keammerer data set) were also included in

the electronic database. Sample depth information was retained for each metals concentration

result included in the database to distinguish true surface soils from the uppermost 2 inches of

soil, from deeper soil sections.

2. The samples collected from undisturbed native soils were identified using GIS methods to

select the sample locations within areas delineated on Walsh's (1994) detailed soil map as

undisturbed, native soil types. For samples collected outside the extent of Walsh's soil map

(and with no information provided to describe the soil type or soil disturbance), the sampling

locations were assumed to be undisturbed native soil.

3. Maps showing the lead and arsenic concentrations at each of the locations within undisturbed,

native-soil types were generated (Figures 7-7 and 7-9). These maps also identify locations

where lead or arsenic concentrations exceed their background concentration in upland soil

(Pb>150 mg/Kg, As>30 mg/Kg) and in alluvial soil (Pb>870 mg/Kg and As>120 mg/Kg).

Note that for the locations within a 500-year floodplain, the comparison to the upland

background is conservative because the background lead and arsenic concentrations

determined by Walsh for alluvial soils are actually much higher.

4. The area where lead and/or arsenic concentrations in the 0- to 2-inch depth interval exceed

upland background concentrations was delineated using a 750-foot buffer zone around each

sampling location where surface soil exceeded the background value, and these areas were

shown together in map view (Figure 7-11). This mapping approach is consistent with that

used by Walsh in the Smelter RI. The area of overlap was highlighted.

The maps produced from these steps are included as Figures 7-7 through 7-11. The area that

includes soils containing higher than background concentrations of lead and arsenic is shown along with

areas defined as higher than background based on lead or arsenic alone. The area identified from lead

concentrations is nearly the same as the area identified using arsenic concentrations. As shown on Figure

7-7 and 7-9, the background concentrations of lead and arsenic are exceeded at the majority of locations

where undisturbed native soils have been sampled and analyzed. The combined area where undisturbed

soil lead or arsenic concentrations exceed their respective background concentrations is the area likely to

lie within the smelter airshed.


The area identified as likely to be within the smelter airshed (Figure 7-11) is also shown over a

perspective view of the region, including the Leadville Mining District, on Figure 7-12. The view is from

the west side of the UARB looking east towards the Tenmile Range. This view is helpful when

considering the effects of prevailing wind directions and topography on the shape and extent of the

smelter-emission airshed. Prevailing wind directions are from the north-northwest and from the east-

northeast. As a result, a relatively large amount of smelter emissions would have been transported south-

southeast and west-southwest from the former smelter locations than in the other directions; the effects on

soil from the resultant airshed would also be most evident in these directions. This effect is borne out

immediately south of the AV Smelter where the hillside along the south side of California Gulch has

higher metals concentrations in soil and sparser vegetation than the neighboring hillsides. In addition,

because the smelters were located primarily in relatively low topographic positions along California

Gulch, the surrounding valley topography would be expected to trap smelter emissions during calm or

low-wind conditions. As a result, the California Gulch valley would have received a relatively larger

amount of smelter-emission deposition than higher, outlying topographic positions. The areas with the

highest metals concentrations shown on Figures 7-11 and 7-12 are consistent with the shape of a smelter

airshed expected to develop within the meteorologic and topographic conditions described here.

Although Figures 7-11 and 7-12 delineate a general area considered to lie within the smelter

airshed, they do not delineate the airshed boundaries. Defining an absolute boundary for an airshed

associated with a point source or multiple point sources would be misleading as air emissions travel

considerable distances at gradually lower and lower atmospheric concentrations that eventually approach

zero at some distance from the source. Because a condition of zero smelter-emissions deposition cannot

be accurately defined, or measured in soils, it is not possible to make an absolute delineation of the

airshed boundaries. Instead, a general pattern of decreasing metals concentrations, approaching the

background conditions, with distance from the source may be used as a more practical indicator of the

measurable extent of the airshed.

Figures 7-13 and 7-14 show the areas where lead and/or arsenic concentrations in soil are greater

than their background concentrations in upland soils as well as the locations where lead and/or arsenic

concentrations in soil are within the background range. Figure 7-13 is based on comparisons to the

upland background range, whereas Figure 7-14 is based on comparisons to the alluvial background.

Given the difficulty in distinguishing the outer edges of the airshed from true background conditions,

results shown on Figure 7-14 provide a clearer picture of the metals concentration gradient with distance

from the former smelters. Based on either of these representations of the data, it is clear that the

incidence of metals concentrations greater than background is highest in close proximity to the smelters

and that incidence declines with distance in all directions (north, south, east, and west). The existing data


best characterize the extent of the airshed, as defined by estimated background conditions, to the north

and west of California Gulch. South of California Gulch, existing data show that soil metal

concentrations approach their background ranges in the vicinity of Iowa Gulch. Directly east of

Leadville, there are some locations where soil metals concentrations are within their background range,

but there is no consistent trend with distance west from the former smelter locations. The lack of a

recognizable trend toward lower metals concentrations may be due to the effects of large-scale mining

disturbances and the presence of the ore-grade mineral deposits within the upper portions of Evans Gulch,

Stray Horse Gulch, and California Gulch on soil metals contents. These additional factors make airshed

delineation east of Leadville particularly difficult.

7.5 Summary

In general, the available data allow for identification of the smelter airshed. For the purposes of

evaluating natural resource injury, the airshed boundaries may be defined by the areas where soil metals

concentrations, specifically lead and arsenic, are distinct from expected background concentrations in

undisturbed, upland soils. This is a conservative approach because the metals present in soil may

originate from numerous sources other than historical smelter-emissions deposition and some of the soil

samples used in this process are from alluvial soils, which have higher background metals concentrations.

The area where the airshed has been identified with highest confidence is the area shown on

Figures 7-11 and 7-12 as the highlighted area of overlap for locations with both lead and arsenic

concentrations in soil above their expected background concentrations at upland locations. This includes

most of the NPL site as well as areas south and west of the NPL-site boundaries. Although there is no

absolute delineation of the airshed boundary on these figures, Figures 7-13 and 7-14 show areas where the

soil metals concentrations do not exceed their background concentrations. If these areas lie within the

airshed, they are likely to be at its periphery where the soil conditions are not readily distinguishable from

those outside the airshed. These locations may be used from Figures 7-13 and 7-14 to identify the

approximate outer extent of the airshed.

7.6 Potential for Natural Resource Injury within Airshed

A specific concern was raised by USFWS regarding the potential for injury to Penland alpine fen

mustard (Eutrema penlandii), a rare species found in the Mosquito Range in central Colorado. Its

preferred habitat is characterized by wet, organically rich soils at elevations above 12,000 feet. There are

;.-\010004\Task 3 - SCR\SCR_currentl .doc 7-18

no reported populations of this species within the airshed and no evidence to indicate that previous

smelter emissions would have impacted any populations of these species.

The existing total metals data for surficial soils provide an estimate of the extent of historic

metals deposition from smelter emissions. In order to fully evaluate the potential for injury to other

resources within the airshed boundaries, additional data may be appropriate to describe the plant

availability of metals in surface soils and the possible phytotoxic effects of soils within the airshed. Total

metals concentrations could be used as a conservative guide in identifying locations for plant-available

sampling and evaluating the current extent of smelter deposition that may represent potentially phytotoxic

conditions. Review of existing total metals data indicate that the currently defined Airshed reasonably

bounds the area of potential phytotoxic concern. Therefore, any sampling for the purpose of evaluating

phytotoxicity would be limited to the area defined in Figures 7-11,7-13, and 7-14.

Figures 7-13 and 7-14 are used to define the potential for injury to natural resources within the

airshed boundaries. These figures show the airshed soil concentration gradients for lead using

background concentrations of >150 mg/Kg (Figure 7-13) and >870 mg/Kg (Figure 7-14). The boundaries

of the airshed are defined by the areas where lead concentrations are distinct from expected background

concentrations in undisturbed, upland soils (150 mg/Kg) and undisturbed alluvial soils (870 mg/Kg).

This is a conservative approach for delineating the airshed boundary because metals may originate from

numerous sources other than depositions from historical smelter emissions. It is clear that the occurrence

of metals concentrations greater than background is highest in close proximity to the former smelter

locations and these concentrations decline with distance from the smelters in all directions. There are

only two exceptions to this general trend that can be found northeast of Crystal Lakes (1 sample site) and

west of the Arkansas River and north of the Lake Fork drainage (1 sample site). Each exception is one

location among a larger group of sample sites (1 site out of 13 and 1 site out of 30) from the BLM (2000)

data set. It is highly unlikely that the lead concentrations reported for these sites are from smelter

emissions because the lead concentrations in soils surrounding each site are at or below background.

Figures 7-13 and 7-14 establish the boundaries that represent the areas of smelter deposition and

therefore establish the boundaries of potential injury. These boundaries are highly correlated with

existing conditions in the field. For example, the area with the highest soils concentrations of lead are

found south of California Gulch. This area is most likely devoid of vegetation because of elevated

concentrations of arsenic and zinc. It is important to note that the area of injury associated with smelter

emissions is contained within the NPL site.

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\SCR_currentt .doc 7-19

TABLES

Table 7-1

Smelter Production Summaries and Locations '

Smelter Site Location

Malta SmelterLizzie Smelter

California Smelter

Western Zinc

AV Smelter

American Smelter

La Plata Smelter

Grant/Union Smelter

Leadville Smelter

Harrison Reduction Works

Adelaide SmelterLittle Chief Smelter

Ohio and Missouri Smelter

Cummings and Finn Smelter

Gage-Hagaman Smelter

Raymond, Sherman, andMcKay Smelter

Elgin Smelter

Operating Facility(Other historic name/geographic location)

Malta SmelterLizzie Smelter

California Smelter(Chicago Reduction Work/Survey Nos. 930, 931, 932)

Western Zinc Mining and Reduction Co.AV Smelting Co.

Billing-Eilers (Utah) Smelter(ASARCO/Kansas City/Survey No. 389)

American Smelting CompanyLa Plata (Berdell and Witherells) Smelter

Bi Metallic SmelterGrants Smelter

Union Smelting Company (Holden)Leadville Smelting Company

Harrison Reduction Works(St. Louis Smelter/Thomas Starr Placer claim/Survey No. 225)

Adelaide SmelterLittle Chief Smelter

Ohio and Missouri Smelter(E. Warner Claim/Survey No. 522)

Cummings and Finn Smelter(Fryer Hill Smelting CoTMandela Claim)

Gage-Hagaman Smelter(Smithy Mine Claim/Survey No. 382)

Raymond, Sherman, and McKay Smelter(Raymond Claim/Survey No. 458)

Elgin Smelter (Elgin Mining and Smelting)Boston Gold-Copper Smelting Co.

Republic Smelting and Reduction Co. (Manville)

Yr.Start18751876

1879

1914

18791879

187918781892187818921877

1877

18791879

1879

1879

1879

1879

187919001902

Yr.End18801879

1880

1926

19601882

189318871900188218961880

1893

18791880

1880

1885

1880

1879

190019011903

Length ofOperation

5 yrs.3 yrs

i y r12 yrs

81 yrs3 yrs

15 yrs10 yrs8 yrs4 yrs5 yrs3 yrs

16 yrs

iy r2 yrs

2 yrs

6 yrs

2 yrs

Iyr

24 yrsiy riyr

Size ofProductionVery Small

Small

Small

Large

Very LargeMedium

LargeLargeLargeLargeLarge

Very Small

Very Large

Very SmallSmall

Medium

Large

Small

Very Small

LargeLargeLarge

MapLocation

12

3

4

55

677889

10

1112

13

14

15

16

171717

Note: ' From Jacobs (1991) KEY: Size Total ProductionVery Small 2,000 tons or lessSmall 2,000 to 10,000 tonsMedium 10,000 to 100,000 tonsLarge 100,000 to 1,000,000 tonsVery Large 1,000,000 tons or more

Table 7-2

Estimated Background Metals Concentrations for Soils in Upland and Alluvial LandscapePositions '

Landscape Position

UplandAlluvial

Arsenic(mg/Kg)0.3-30

0.7-120

Cadmium(mg/Kg)0.01-40.5-8

Copper(mg/Kg)0.4 - 408-190

Lead(mg/Kg)8- 150

80 - 870

Zinc(mg/Kg)16-10037 - 660

'Data from Walsh (1994)

FIGURES

22-OCT-201:- --MELT.AML

?->"

EXPLANATION

Former Smelter Locations

Approximate Locationof Former Smelter

1 Malta Smelter2 Lizzie Smelter3 California Smelter4 Western Zinc5 Arkansas Valley Smelter6 American Smelter7 La Plata Smelter8 Grant/Union Smelter9 Leadville Smelter10 Harrison Reduction Works11 Adelaide Smelter12 Little Chief Smelter13 Ohio and Missouri Smelter14 Cummings and Finn Smelter15 Gage-Hagaman Smelter16 Raymond, Sherman, and McKay Smelter17 Elgin Smelter

3000

SCALE IN FEET

3000



FIGURE 7-1

HISTORIC SMELTER LOCATIONSFROM WALSH, 1993

PROJECT 010004.3 DATE: OCT 22, 2002REV: 1 BY: MCP | CHK: KJT

MFC, Inc.it iny scientists and engineers

22-OCT-2ii2GPA:';-'H.RCPR.'2 91O GRA'FB IS07-2.GRA ' AM: 'SO FI37 2-3 AMi

1760000,

EXPLANATION

Sample LocationIsoconcentration Line(mg/kg) '

Original Figure from COM, 1994Final Soils Investigation Data ReportCalifornia Gulch CERCLA SiteLeadville, Colorado

000 4000 6000

FEET



FIGURE 7-2

LEAD ISOCONCENTRATION MAP,ALL SOILS, 0 TO 1 INCH DEPTH

FROM COM, 1994

PROJECT 010004.3 DATE: OCT 22, 2QQ2REV:1 BY: ALB | CHK: KJT

MFG, Inc.consulting scientists and engineers

IS07-3.GRA'A'l:C->ARCPRJ2 OICi&A'.'.i'B I S C _ F : G ' 2 - 3 -

1760000,520000

EXPLANATION

Sample Location

Isoconcentration Line(mg/kg)

Original Figure from COM, 1994Final Soils Investigation Data ReportCalifornia Gulch CERCLA SiteLeadville, Colorado

o 2000 4000 6000

TEET



FIGURE 7-3LEAD ISOCONCENTRATION MAP,

NATIVE UNDISTURBED SOILS,0 TO 1 INCH DEPTHFROM COM, 1994


REV:1 BY: ALB ] CHK: KJT


Color Map(s)

The following pagescontain color that does

not appear in thescanned images.

To view the actual images, pleasecontact the Superfund Records

Center at (303) 312-6473.

22-OCT-2002 GL _

•'

SCALE IN FEET


SITE CHARACTERIZATION SUMMARYEXPLANATION

SOURCE: Walsh and Associates, Inc.,1993a. Smelter Remedial Investigation Report.California Gulch Site, Leadville, Colo1

Prepared for ASARCO, Incorporated,Leadville, Colorado. May 3, 1993.

Sites where metals ratiois within-t-/- 1 S.D. thatof control sitesSites where metals ratiois outside If /- 1 S.D. thatof control sites

FIGURE 7-4

LEAD:ZINC ATVISIBLY UNDISTURBED SITES

FROM WALSH, 1993

PROJECT 010004.3 DATE: OCT22, 2002

REV: 1 BY: MCP | CHK: KJT

MFG, Inc.tltingscienti :neers

22-OCT-2002G[ ___^__ -"

4

3000

SOURCE: Walsh and Associates, Inc.,1993a. Smelter Remedial Investigation Report,California Gulch Site, Leadville, Colorado.

it for ASARCO, Incorporated,May 3, 1993.

EXPLANATION

Approximate Locationof Former Smelter(refer to figure 7-1)

Sites where metals ratios arewithin + - 1 S.D. that of controlsites seven or more times outof nine comparisonsSites where metals ratios arewithin + /- 1 S.D. that of controlsites three or less times out ofnine comparisons



FIGURE 7-5

RESULTS OF COMPARISONTO CONTROL SITES


REV:1 BY: MCP | CHK: KJT

MFC, Inc.consi.

22-OCT-2002GRA:N:\ARCF!

3000

SOURCE: Walsh and Associate*1993a, Smelter Remedial Investigation Report,California Gulch Site, Leadville, ColoradoPrepared for ASARCO, incorporated,Leadville, Colorado, May 3. 1993.

Areal extent of sites wheremetals ratios are within+ /- 1 S.D. that of controlsites in seven or more timesout of nine comparisons

Undisturbed sites



FIGURE 7-6

EXTENT OF SITESIMPACTED BY

SMELTER EMISSIONS ONLY

PROJECT 010004.3 DATE: OCT 22. 2002REV: 1 BY: MCP |CHK:KJT

MFC, Inc.consulting scienti'-:

4» •

.

- •j . . .

* » »

.

.. . . . .

•... • . .

•.

. . ... v *• • knra •. . . in .

• * » » * * •• *v rr * *

.-

; - .• ». . i0 . . ..i.- p

^ .

•. .. .. » » . .. ,

.

» • . . ' . . •. j.--*- -f •• *. .. . . . . . » .•. . . • . . V"1 •'" . .

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. » »


River or Stream

500-Year Floodplain

Airshed Sampling LocationsCOM-Walsh Soil Sampling Location (LNRD- 061)

Sampling Location andConcentration (Alluvial samplesconcentration in italics)

• Lead Concentration< 150 mg/KgLead Concentration> = 150 mg/Kg and< 870 mg/Kg

• Lead Concentration> = 870 mg/Kg

Other Sampling LocationsBLM Soil Sampling Location (LNRD- 057)

Lead Concentration< 150 mg/KgLead Concentration> = 150 mg/Kg and< 870 mg/Kg

o Lead Concentration> = 870 mg/Kg

Keammerer Soil Sampling Location (LNRD- 016)NOTE: Keammerer samples are 0-6" depth

Lead Concentration< 150 mg/KgLead Concentration> = 150 mg/Kg and< 870 mg/Kg

BLM Soil Sampling Location (1997)» Lead Concentration

< 150 mg/KgLead Concentration> = 150 mg/Kg and< 870 mg/Kg

Other FeaturesApproximate Locationof Former Smelter

Disturbed or Non- NativeSoil Areas (Walsh, 1994)Lowland Zone - Based onpresence of riparian species(CDOW Vegetation Mapping,2001)

For sample depth intervals,refer to Figure?- 8

SCALE IN I-FHT

UPPER ARKANSAS RIVER BASINSITE CHARACTERIZATION SUMMARY

FIGURE7-7

LEAD CONCENTRATION (mg\Kg)UNDISTURBED

NATIVE SOIL


REV: 1 BY: MCP I CHK: KJT

MFC, Inc.ting scientists an

22-OCT-2002GR.- . .,VALPBDEP-01.G: '.'L'.SOILWALPB DEP.AML

• • • I . . .• • • • • .

• • • ^* • • •

• .• i '

• i • • • •. . .

.


River or Stream

500- Year Floodplain

Airshed Sampling LocationsCDM/Walsh Soil Sampling Depth (LNRD- 061)

• 0" -1" Soil Depth

• 0 " - 2 " Soil Depth

Other Sampling LocationsBLM Soil Sampling Depth (1997)

+ No depth data av,

BLM Soil Sampling Depth (LNRD- 057)

0" - V Soil Depth

0"-3" Soil Depth

Keammerer Soil Sampling Depth (LNRD- 016)

0"-6" Soil Depth

Other Features


Disturbed or Non- NativeSoil Areas (Walsh, 1994)

Lowland Zone - Based onpresence of riparian species(CDOW Vegetation Mapping,2001)

3300

SCALE IN FEET

33 (X)



FIGURE 7-8

SOIL SAMPLE DEPTHFOR LEAD SAMPLE LOCATIONS


REV: 1 BY: MCP ICHK: KJT

MFC, Inc.consulting scienli- -meers

-

. .

,. ..

» » » » .


River or Stream

500-Year Floodplain

Airshed Sampling LocationsCDIWWalsh Soil Sampling Location (LNRD- 061)

Sampling Location andConcentration (Alluvial samplesconcentration in italics)

• Arsenic Concentration< 30 mg/Kg

• Arsenic Concentration> = 30 mg/Kg and< 120 mg/Kg

• Arsenic Concentration> = 120 in

Other Sampling LocationsKeammerer Soil Sarflphng Location (LNRD- 016)

NOTE: Keammerer samples are 0- 6" depthArsenic Concentration< 30 mg'KciArsenic Concentration> = 30 mg/Kg and< 120 mg/Kg

BLM Soil Sampling Location (1997)« Arsenic Concentration

< 30 mg/Kg

Other FeaturesApproximate Locationof Former Smelter


For sample depth intervals,refer to Figure 7-10

3300

SCALE IN H.HT

0 3300


FIGURE 7-9

ARSENIC CONCENTRATION (mg\Kg)UNDISTURBED

NATIVE SOIL


REV: 1 BY: MCP [ CHK: KJT

MFC, Inc.consulting scientists an :

22-OCT-.

4


River or Stream


Airshed Sampling LocationsCOM;Walsh Soil Sampling Depth (LNRD- 01

• Soil Depth

• 0 " - 2 " Soil Depth

Other Sampling LocationsBLM Soil Sampling Depth (19971

No depth data available

Keammerer Soil Sampling Depth (LNRD- 016)

0 " -6 " Soil Depth

Other Features


Disturbed or Non- NSoil Areas (Walsh, 1994)


SCALE IN FEET

0 3300



FIGURE 7-10

SOIL SAMPLE DEPTHFOR ARSENIC SAMPLE LOCATIONS


REV:1 BY: MCP |CHK:KJT

MFC, Inc.consult/up MH'ntixts amii'ngineers

22-OC' •

Hydrology

EXPLANATION

River or Str-


Airshed DelineationAirshed Delineation viaArsenic Criteria OnlyAirshed Delineation viaLead Criteria OnlyAirshed Delineation viaArsenic and Lead Criteria

Other Features

Approximate Locationnier Smelter


Note: Data from 0 to 2- inch depth interval

3300

SCALE IN FEET

0



FIGURE7-11

AIRSHED DELINEATION



MFC, Inc.consulting scientists andenti

North

EXPLANATIONPerspective view looking east from Arkansas River Valley

•Area included within smelter airshed based on the metalsdata currently available for undisturbed native soils

Disturbed or Non-native Soil

Approximate Location of Former Smelter


FIGURE 7-12PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF

SMELTER AIRSHED

REV: 1ROJECT: 010004.3 DATE: OCT 02, 2002

BY: MCP CHK: KJT

N:\arcprj2\010004\cov\mfgViirshedViirshcd3d3.doc


22-OCT-2Q02GP

f o

i

o o

&


River or Stream

500-Year Floodplain

Airshed Category(TopO to 2 inches)

Lead Concentless than 150 mg/Kg

! Background)

Lead Concentration greaterthan or equal to 150 mg/Kg

Arsenic Concentrationless than 30 mg/Kg(Upland Background)

Arsenic Concentration greaterthan or equal to 30 mg/Kg

Other Samples(Other depth intervals)

BLM samples, depth unknown

Keammerer (0-6" I samples

Other Features


Lowland Zone - Based onpresence of riparian species(CDOW Vegetation Mapping,2001}


BLM 2000 Soil SampleLocation „

3300

SCALE IN FLHT



FIGURE7-13

AIRSHED METALSCONCENTRATION GRADIENT

(UPLAND BACKGROUND)

PROJECT 010004.3 DATE: OCT 22, 2002REV:1 BY: MCP I CHK: KJT

MFC, Inc.consulting scientists arn,

o o

otit


River or Stream

500-Year Floodplain

Airshed Category(TopO to 2 inches)

Lead Concentrationless than 870 mg/Kg(Alluvial Background)

Lead Concentration greaterthan or equal to 870 mg/Kg

Arsenic Concentrationless than 120 mg/Kg(Alluvial Background)

Arsenic Concentration greaterthan or equal to 120 mg/Kg

Other Samples(Other depth intervals)

BLM samples, depth unknown

Keammerer (0-6") samples

Other Features




BLM 2000 Soil SampleLocation

SCAl.F. IN U

3300



FIGURE 7-14

AIRSHED METALSCONCENTRATION GRADIENT

(ALLUVIAL BACKGROUND)



MFC, Inc.consulting sclent i , neers

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Ecosystem Evaluations,Terrestrial, CaliforniaGulch, Leadville, Colorado,Upper Arkansas River

Work Plan, EcosystemEvaluation, Terrestrial,California Gulch,Leadville, Colorado, UpperArkansas River

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••v ^ Key;y s;: ; ?fmining, wetlands, acid minedrainage, metals, San LuisValley, aquatic

Lincoln Park, water,arkansas river, waterquality, uranium milling

Sediments, Upper ArkansasRiver, pH, heavy metals,redox, aquatic

Cadmium, Mercury, Sediment,Burrowing, Mayfly, Nymphs,Hexagenia, MississippiRiver, Minnesota, Iowa,invertebrate

Upper Arkansas River,fisheries, assessment, CDOW

aquatic, invertebrates,community, metals,sediment, water, periphyton

Invertebrates, metals,copper, lead, zinc,earthworms

Vegetation, Plants, Metals,Contaminants, terrestrial

zinc, copper, animas river,water, toxicity tests,metals

heavy metals, toxicity,bioaccumulation, aquaticinvertebrates, mine tailings

Invertebrates, Terrestrial,Earthworms, Contaminants,soils, PCBs, metals

Terrestrial Environment,metals, zinc

Page 4

Doc No.

D00034

D00031

D00162

D00083

D00112

D00548

D00035

D00036

D00207

D00488

D00624

000037

D00038

D00039

:: jii:,:-:-; J-J-v-;; ;Tltle : '.-- :-. '.v /:••i ^ Metal Concentrations inEa forms from Soil Amended withSewage Sludge

Evaluating Soil Contamination

Estimates of Soil Ingestion byWildlife

Relation of Waterfowl Poisoning toSediment Lead Concentrations inthe Coeur d'Alene River Basin

Lead Poisoning in Six CaptiveAvian Species

The Role of Sediment Ingestion inExposing Wood Ducks to Lead

Biotic Factors That EffectBioaccumulation of Metals in Fish

Effects of Copper and Zinc onOlfaction of Colorado Squawfish asEstimated by Behavioral Assay(Draft Final Report)

Water Pollution Studies FederalAid in Fish Restoration Project F-33-R-2

Water Pollution Studies, JobCompletion Report, Federal AidProject F-33-R-1

Quantification of Fluvial TroutHabitat in Wyoming (Andrew has)

Aquatic Toxicity of Trace Elementsof Coal and Flyash. ProceedingsDOE Symposium, University ofGeorgia, Athens.

Sensitivity of Vertebrate Embryosto Heavy Metals as a Criterion ofWater Quality

The Induction of Tolerance toHeavy Metals in Natural andLaboratory Populations of Fish

r. •••: vvft~V7v Author ;•;"••. •'•"••••—- -'-••Beyer, W., R. Chaney and B. 1Mulhern "

Beyer, W.N.

Beyer, W.N. , E.E. Connor, S.Gerould

Beyer, W.N., D.J. Audet, G.H.Heinz, D.J. Hoffman, D. Day

Beyer, W.N., J.W. Spann, L.Sileo, J.C. Franson

Beyer, W.N., L.J. Blus, C.J.Henny, and D. Audet

Beyers, D.W.

Beyers, D.W. and M.S. Farmer

Bingham, D.A.

Bingham, D.A.

Binns, N.A. and P.M. Eiserman

Birge, W.

Birge, W.J. and J.J. Just

Birge, W.J., W.H. Benson,J.A, Black

a^V2

1990

1994

2000

1988

1996

1990

1994

1967

1966

1979

1978

1973

1983

':••' y-W^ ''V Reference" &•!-:•>•. ';-"'. •'-••:

Journal of EnvironmentalQuality 2:381-382

U. S. Fish and WildlifeService, Biological Report 90(2)

Journal of WildlifeManagement 58 (2) :375-382

Ecotoxicology, 9(31:217-218


Ecotoxicolgy 6:181-186

Colorado State University,Department of Fishery andWildlife Biology, FortCollins, Colorado

Colorado State University,Department of Fishery andWildlife Biology, Larval FishLaboratory, Fort Collins,Colorado

Colorado Game, Fish and ParksDepartment Report

Colorado Division of WildlifeReport

Transactions of the AmericanFisheries Society 108(31:215-228

In J.H. Thorp and J.W.Gibbons (eds.) Energy andEnvironmental Stress inAquatic Systems. DOE Sym.Series; 4 8

University of Kentucky, WaterResources Institute,Lexington, Kentucky

University of Kentucky, WaterResources Research Institute

.*.'""".". :•'.?*. Keywords; '-;'/---' •'"'"•]Invertebrates, soil, heai Hmetals, terrestrial ^^H

Soils, terrestrial, metals,sediment, invertebrates

contaminants, diet,nutrients, risk assessment,scat, sediments, soilingestion

waterfowl, sediment,toxicity, mining, ALAD,lead, metals

lead, birds, metals, ALAD

wood ducks, waterfowl,metals, lead, soilingestion, idaho, exposure

Fish, Metals, Effects,Bioaccumulation, aquatic

Fish, Metals, Effects,Olfaction, aquatic

water, pollution, oreprocessing. Summit County,Arkansas River, mines, fish

arkansas river, fish,metals, aquatic, climax,California gulch

trout, Wyoming, habitat

Aquatic Environment, pH,aquatic, coal, fly ash,metals

Toxicology, VertebrateEmbryos, Heavy Metals,Water Quality, aquatic

Fish, Heavy Metals,Effects, Tolerance,aquatic, bioaccumulation,water quality

Pages

Doe No.;

D00478

D00337

D00040

D00618

D00029

D00042

D00483

D00528

D00625

D00525

D00417

D00088

D00096

< .S S -i'S .^™3K2-$$&y&^ S•:-•••.'. -o •:••»•.£-• "_. •*'i.'J.-r'"'j.a—"">;.".i's:.-i ;<* u^---*?-Gold Mining Effects on StreamHydrology and Water Quality,Circle Quadrangle, Alaska

EPA's Proposed Metal SedimentCriteria: Good News for Industry

Lead Toxicosis in Tundra SwansNear a Mining and Smelting Complexin Northern Idaho

Concentrations of Metals in Minkand Other Mammals from Washingtonand Idaho

Accumulation in and Effects ofLead and Cadmium on Waterfowl andPasserines in Northern Idaho

Lead in the Environment (CoverOnly)

Assessing the Potential Toxicityof Resuspended Sediment

Ecological Complexity of Wetlandswithin a River Landscape

Stream Habitat Analysis Using theInstream Flow IncrementalMethodology (Andrew has)

Avian Use of Native and ExoticRiparian Habitats on the SnakeRiver, Idaho (Abstract & portionsof thesis in library)

High Altitude Tailing ReclamationProjects

RTDF I INERT - Progress Report

Effect of Biosolids Processing onthe Bioavailability of Pb in urbanSoils

£ : ^ H .f ;fgBjerklie, D.M. and J.D.LaPerriere

Bleiler, J.A.

Blus, L., C. Henny, D.Hoffman, and R. Grove

Blus, L.J., C.J. Henny, andB.M. Mulhern

Blus, L.J., C.J. Henny, D.J.Hoffman, R.A. Grove

Boggess, W. and R. Wison, eds .

Bonnet, C., M. Babut, J.F.Ferard, L. Martel, J. Garric

Bornette, G., C. Amoros, H.Piegay, J. Tachet, and T. Hein

Bovee, K.D., B.L. Lamb, J.M.Barholow, c.B. Stalnaker, J.Taylor, J. Henriksen

Brown, C.R.

Brown, L.F. and M.J. Trlica

Brown, S.

Brown, S., and R. Chaney

. Date,- '•*- - : •_-]•;1985

1996

1991

1987

1995

1977

2000

1998

1998

1990

1995

2000

1997

?-Jr-£. ?-%•' . Refereric# A' T f;- , ^

Hater Resources Bulletin21(2) : 235-243

Environmental SolutionsSeptember 1996

Archives of EnvironmentalContaminants and Toxicology21:549-555

Environmental Pollution 44 :307-318

Environmental Pollution89(3) :311-318

National Science FoundationReport NSF:/RA-770214. 272 pp.

Environmental Toxicology andChemistry 19(51:1290-1296

Biological Conservation 85:35-45

USGS, Biological ResourcesDivision Information andTechnology Report USGS/BRD-1998-0004

Unpublished Thesis, ColoradoState University, Ft.Collins, CO

Proceedings High AltitudeVegetation

U.S. EPA

In Biosolids ManagementInnovative TreatmentTechnologies and Processes,Water Environment ResearchFoundation, Workshop #104Proceedings

'^^^m^îsmplacer mining, waterquality, hydrology,aquatic, sediments, alaska,stream

EPA, Metals, Sediment,Industry, Bioavailability,Equilibrium Partitioning

Birds, mining, lead,metals, smelter

mammals, metals, mining,terrestrial

birds, lead, cadmium,metals, ALAD

Heavy Metals, lead

sediments, toxicity,metals, aquatic,resuspension, riskassessment, invertebrates,pore water

wetlands, river, riparian,geomorphology, vegetation,habitat, floodplain

IFIM, stream, habitat,flow, water quality, aquatic

avian, riparian, habitat,birds

tailings, reclamation,metals, revegetation

Joplin, MO, in situtreatment, soil,terrestrial, biosolids

biosolids, terrestrial,lead, metlas, soil

Page 6

Doc No.

D00072

D00513

D00071

D00503

D00043

D00044

D00045

D00046

D00047

D00343

D00589

•- ;.,-':, ;*:--, :yritiev . . y- fe-^ ^ k-* •• - — . . - - . - . - • /*-•:. r.f. •- ' . <"

Bt HHill Ecological RestorationPr m Status Report- Draft

USFS Abandoned Mine Land InventoryProject: Final Summary Report forthe San Isabel National ForestLeadville Ranger District

Using Municipal Biosolids inCombination with Other Residualsto Restore a Vegetative Cover onHigh Metal Mine Tailings

Using Municipal Biosolids inCombination with Other Residualsto Restore Metal -ContaminatedMining Areas

Aspects of Heavy Metals Toxicityin Fresh Water

Chemical Characterization ofSediments and Pore Water from theUpper Clark Fork River andMilltown Reservoir, Montana

Effects of Lead Shot Ingestion onCaptive Mourning DoveSurvivability and Reproduction

Comparative Toxicity of InorganicContaminants Released by PlacerMining to Early Life Stages ofSalmonids

Water Uptake in Woody RiparianPhraetophytes of the SouthwesternUnited States: A Stable IsotopeStudy

Wildlife Studies on the HanfordSite: 1994 Highlights Report

Heavy Metal Contamination and ItsRelationship to Osteochondrosis inHorses - Draft

•I'-i stliK f ••?-., *ut ?'j. :- ': v-S"-' - u . 'Brown, S., C. Henry, H. ICompton "

Brown, S.D., A.J. Flurkey,R.H. Wood II, and J. P. CannIV

Brown, S.L., C.L. Henry, H.Compton, P. DeVolder

Brown, S.L., C.L. Henry, H.Compton, R.L. Chaney, and P.DeVolder

Brown, V. M.

Brumbaugh , W . G . , C . G .Ingersoll, N. E. Kemble, T.W. May, J. L. Zahcek

Buerger, T., R. Mirarchi andM. Lisano

Buhl, Kevin J. and Steven J.Hamilton

Busch, David E., Neil L.Ingraham and Stanley D. Smith

Cadwell, L.L.

Calabrese, E. J.

££-:•jsT

1996

2000

2000

1976

1994

1986

1990

1992

1995

1999

:-• .::.-•.'• j1 -vijieference" _ . Y-;.:\*.

University of Washington andUS EPA ERT

Colorado Geological Survey

National Meeting of theAmerican Society for SurfaceMining and Reclamation,Tampa , FL

Unpublished report

in Toxicity to Biota of MetalForms in Natural Water:Proceedings of a workshopheld in Duluth, MN, ed. ByR.W. Andrew, P.V. Hodson,D.E. Konasewich

Environmental Toxicology andChemistry, 13 (12) : 1971-1983

Journal of WildlifeManagement 50:1-8

Ecotoxicology andEnvironmental Safety 20:325-342

Ecological Application3(4) :450-459

U.S. Dept. of Energy, PacificNorthwest Laboratory,Contract DE-A06-76RLO

University of MassachusettsSchool of Public Health

•-•:- > •- : : v V Keywords;; JlV.> .--V j•-• --i:. -.•-.•- ~v -V • 'i; --•-.-- -"-- • *j H

Bunker Hill, metals, ^^Bvegetation, terrestrial, ^Hbiosolids

arkansas river, tailings,11-mile reach, metals,soils, water, CIS maps

biosolids, mines,vegetation, metals

arkansas river, biosolids,vegetation, metals, soils,amendments, fluvial, 11-mile reach, tailings

Aquatic Biota, HeavyMetals, Water Quality,toxicity, fish

Sediments, Metals, PoreWater, Upper Clark ForkRiver, Milltown Reservoir,Montana , AVS

Birds, lead

Fish, Metals, Toxicity,placer mining, aquatic

wetland/Riparian, Wateruptake, aquatic, terrestrial

Wildlife, Hanford, Monitor,Washington, Threatened,Endangered

metals, toxicity,terrestrial, mammals

Page 7

•Dob NOi/

D00536

D00048

D00049

D00050

D00397

D00346

D00541

D00271

D00411

D00617

D00095

; .-; v rr'-:KkV::V-;"[?Fitfe'* V ,.f: . --.f,'• :• -..;•.. •-. -•. -. •;<'.;& inpff1-'*;'.!'::',. -:,-_•,' ?,•?;.•:•;.• v»«.-Transition Metal Geochemistry ofthe Upper Arkansas River, Colorado

Heavy-Metal Geochemistry ofSediments in the Pueblo Reservoir,Colorado. In: U. S. GeologicalSurvey, Toxic Substances HydrologyProgram- -Proceedings of theTechnical Meeting, Phoenix,Arizona, September 26-30, 1988

Effects of Arsenate on Growth andPhysiology in Mallard Ducklings

Acidification and Toxicity ofMetals to Aquatic Biota

Use of Benthic InvertebrateCommunity Structure and theSediment Quality Triad to EvaluateMetal -Contaminated Sediment in theUpper Clark Fork River, Montana

Solutions to Erosion Along theUpper Arkansas River

Sensitivity and Variability ofMetrics used in BiologicalAssessments of Running Waters

Aquatic Biological Data - 1995-1998 - Electronic Format

Migration and GeochemicalEvolution of Ground Water Affectedby Uranium-Mill Effluent nearCanon City, Colorado

Correlation of Cadmium- InducedNephropathy and the Metabolism ofEndogenous Copper and Zinc in Rats

The Ruminant Animal: DigestivePhysiology and Nutrition

ivJj'f -C -V AUtK ;,,/.;- ; !!:-/' :

Callender, E., B.A. Kimball,and E.V. Aztmann

Callender, E., W.H. Ficklin,B.A. Kimball, P.R. Edelmann

Camardese, M., D. Hoffman, L.LeCaptain and G. Pendleton

Campbell, P. G. C. and P. M.Stokes

Canfield, T.J., N.E. Kemble,W.G. Brumbaugh, F.J. Dwyer,C.G. Ingersoll, and J.F.Fairchild

Capouch, J., J. Diekmann, N.Pawley, T. Schenk, R. Zakaria

Carlisle, D.M., and W.H.Clements

Chadwick EcologicalConsultants, Inc.

Chafin, D.T. and E.R. Banta

Chmielnicka, J., T. Halatek,and U. Jedlinska

Church, D.C. editor

ilJate.

1991

1988

1980

1985

1994

1994

1999

2000

1999

1989

1993

-•', '•: i= -:' ;;' Jriv- - Reference: S';- v-'. -V.-i" "•'.•• .,V'. ,:•>..•--:: (.';-*.'.''-V.- :>.•:.•::....'--.-- ...--.• . .--•••.'-:••

in Mallard, G.E. and Aronson,D.E. (eds.) USGS ToxicSubstances Hydrology Program;proceedings of the technicalmeeting, Monterey CA, March11-15, 1991, WRI 91-4034, p.392-397

U. S. Geological Survey,Hater ResourcesInvestigations Report 88-4220


Canadian Journal of Fish andAquatic Science, 42:2034-2049

Environmental Toxicology andChemistry 13 (12) : 1999-2012

Colorado School of Mines

Environmental Toxicology andChemistry 18 (2) :285-291

Chadwick EcologicalConsutants, Inc. Littleton,CO

U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources InvestigationsReport 98-4228

Ecotoxicology andEnvironmental Safety 18: 268-276

Prentice Hall, EnglewoodCliffs, New Jersey

•• W ''^&^W°!^^*?*?i&upper arkansas, metals,water, aquatic, sediment,water quality

Pueblo Reservoir, Metals,Arkansas River, Colorado,Sediments, Contaminants,Geochemistry

Birds, ducks, arsenic,physiology, metals

Aquatic Biota, WaterQuality, Acidification,metals, toxicity

aquatic, fish, clark forkriver, metals uptake,invertebrates

Erosion, Upper ArkansasRiver, Lake County, Soil,Water Quality, Streambank

invertebrates, metals,water, aquatic,biomonitoring

aquatic, arkansas river,data,

water quality, arkansasriver, uranium milling,ground water, lincoln park

metals, copper, zinc,mammals, cadmium

physiology, metals

PageS

Doc No.

D00053

D00054

D00336

D00538

D00455

D00055

D00026

D00423

D00159

D00056

D00058

D00059

•-.• ^ --- -- Tltle-;/ '.-:•- -l-'-i:.-• .•fey :.•••:--•"-»•;•,- •:••-••*•.• -. • ..-^ • • :—".r ••-.•Ge ^ ical and Lead-Isotope Datafra^^Rream and Lake Sediments,and Cores from the Upper ArkansasRiver drainage: Effects of Miningat Leadville Colorado on Heavy-Metal Concentrations in theArkansas River

Geochemical and Lead-isotopicStudies of River and LakeSediments, Upper Arkansas RiverDrainage Basin, Twin Lakes toPueblo Reservoir, Colorado -Preliminary Report

Source, Transport, andPartitioning of Metals betweenWater, Colloids, and Bed Sedimentsof the Animas River, Colorado

Geochemical and lead-isotopicstudies of river sediment frommajor tributaries, upper ArkansasRiver watershed, Colorado

Determination of Pre-MiningGeochemical Conditions andPaleoecology in the Animas RiverWatershed, Colorado

Lead Concentrations: Bats vs.Terrestrial Small MammalsCollected Near a Major Highway

The Variability of MetalConcentrations and MetalSpeiciation in the Arkansas River,Colorado

Metal Speciation in the UpperArkansas River, Colorado, 1990-93

Lead Poisoning in Small Animals

Integrated Field and LaboratoryApproach for Assessing Impacts ofHeavy Metals at the ArkansasRiver, Colorado

Benthic Invertebrate CommunityResponses to Heavy Metals in theUpper Arkansas River Basin,Colorado

Fate and Effects of Heavy Metalson the Arkansas River

>,.:-1 ; V Author v^v'-: v—;'.-">:•: •'•*'. ": ":-l-— •'- .-.' -.'•-'-. --V*.-T',-; •• • •' """

Church, S. E. I

Church, S. E. , S. A. Wilson,R. B. Vaughn and D. L. Fey

Church, S.E., B.A. Kimball,D.L. Fey, D.A. Ferderer, T.J.yager, and R.B. Vaughn

Church, S.E., D.L. Fey, andD.M. Unruh

Church, S.E., D.L. Fey, E.M.Brouwers, C.W. Holmes, and R.Blair

Clark, D., Jr.

Clark, M.L.

Clark, M.L. and M.E. Lewis

Clarke, E.G.C.

Clements, W. and P. Kiffney

Clements, W. H.

Clements, W. H.

'^*_

•3

1994

1997

2000

2000

1979

1996

1997

1973

1994

1994

1991

•>• ••^"..':'~~. • ..',• ' Reference '>.;;<••.'•>; '••;•?•/-;•. •U. S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 93-534

U. S. Geological Survey,Administrative Report

U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-151, Denver, CO

USGS Open File Report 00-337

U.S. Geological Survey, OpenFile Report 99-0038(Preliminary Draft)

Environmental Science andTechnology 13:338-341

Master's Thesis, ColoradoState University

U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources InvestigationReport 96-4282

Journal Small Animal Practice14:183-193Environmental Toxicology andChemistry 13:397-404

Journal of North AmericanBenthological Society, 1993,13 (1) 50-66

Colorado State University,Colorado Water ResourcesResearch Institute,Completion Report No. 163,Fort Collins, Colorado

•~ :f". , -^:<: Keywords- -^.: is l.r' "-.^-:^:' ?::..;. r--. •'•-.-.- .-,--.--.-.jMMetals, Contamination, j HUpper Arkansas River Basi BLeadville, Colorado,Sediments, Lead

Metals, Contamination,Upper Arkansas River Basin,Lead, Sediments,Geochemistry, Colorado

Metals, Animas River,Colorado, Colloids, Water,Sediments, aquatic

upper arkansas, metals,sediment, water, aquatic,water quality, tributaries,other source areas

pre-mining, watershed,baseline, background,Colorado, historic mining,sediments, metals,geochemical, fluvial,geomorphology, animas river

Mammals, lead, metals

Arkansas River, Metals,aquatic, copper, iron,lead, cadmium, zinc

water quality, metals,arkansas river

lead, metals, mammals, leadpoisoningFish, heavy metals,aquatic, Arkansas River,invertebrates, toxicity,bioaccumulation

Invertebrates, Aquatic,Metals, mining,biomonitoring

Invertebrates, Aquatic,heavy metals, CaliforniaGulch, Leadville

Page 9

• :DOC NO.:

D00219

D00211

D00540

D00555

D00393

D00539

D00019

D00553

D00236

D00060

D00576

D00061

"•'^-'^yf-'^K^^^^f^î^^-yî^.f^-Benthic Community Responses toheavy Metals in the ArkansasRiver: Structural AlterationBioaccumulation, and Acute Toxicity

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals byBrown Trout (Salmo Trutta) in theArkansas River: Importance ofFood Chain Transfer

Metal Tolerance and Predator-PreyInteractions in BenthicMacroinvertebrate StreamCommunities

The Influence of Elevation onBenthic Community Responses toHeavy Metals in Rocky MountainStreams

Effects of Heavy Metals on PreyAbundance, Feeding Habits, andMetal Uptake of Brown Trout in theArkansas River, Colorado

Heavy Metals Structure BenthicCommunities in Colorado MountainStreams

Integrating observational andexperimental approaches toquantify stressor-responserelationships in metal -pollutedstreams

Structural Alterations in AquaticInsect Communities Exposed toCopper in Laboratory Streams

Structural and FunctionalResponses of Benthic Communitiesto Heavy Metals: Variation AlongLongitudinal Stream Gradients

Sensitivity of Brook Trout to LowpH, low calcium and elevatedaluminum concentrations DuringLaboratory Pulse Exposures

Accumulation of Heavy Metals byVegetables Grown in Mine Wastes

Technical Manual for the Designand Operation of a Passive MineDrainage Treatment System

_ jjfc

Clements, W.H.

Clements, W.H.

Clements, W.H.

Clements, W.H. and P.M.Kiffney

Clements, W.H., and D.E. Rees

Clements, W.H., D.M.Carlisle, J.M. Lazorchak, andP . C . Johnson

Clements, W.H., D.M,Carlisle, L.A. Courtney, E.A.Harrahy

Clements, W.H., D.S, Cherry,and J. Cairns Jr.

Clements, W.H., P.M. Kiffney,and C.N. Medley

Cleveland, L., E.E. Little,C.G. Ingersoll, R.H.Wiedmeyer and J.B. Hunn

Cobb, G.P., K. Sands, M.Waters, B.G. Wixson, E.Dorward-King

Cohen, R.R.H. and M.W. Staub

'.vJDate:-;1991

1992

1999

1995

1997

2000

2000

1988

1993

1991

2000

1992

_

t ;!-,? 'i T '&Reference/.: * ;;,.'*1; .:

U.S. EPA, Region 8, Denver, CO

Colorado Water Resources Res.Institute, CSU, Ft. Collins,CO, Grant No. 14-08-0001-2008

Ecological Applications9(3) :1073-1084

Canadian Journal of Fisheriesand Aquatic Sciences52(9) :1966-1977

Transactions of the AmericanFisheries Society 126: 774-785


Department of Fishery andWildlife Biology, ColoradoState University


U.S.G.S., Annual TechnicalReport, 14-08-0001-G2099, 1993

Aquatic Toxicology 19 (1991)303-318


U. S. Bureau of Reclamationand Colorado School of Mines,Department of EnvironmentalScience and Engineering

:- vY<X' Key:W6«s dW:&:rH'•fl. -•< . iv-\-»;V rvS;..,s,3?;v~; X.-)

heavy metals, arkansasriver, benthos,bioaccumulation, toxicity,invertebrates, periphyton

heavy metals, trout, fish,arkansas river, Californiagulch, bioaccumulation,

invertebrates, metals,water, aquatic, community

aquatic, invertebrates,metals, elevation,community structure,Colorado, upper arkansas,rocky mountain streams

aquatic, fish, arkansasriver, metals uptake

invertebrates, metals,water quality, aquatic,biomonitoring

streams, water, metals,aquatic

metals, aquatic,invertebrates, copper,community structure

Benthos , HeavyMetals, Stream, ArkansasRiver , Colorado

Fish, Trout, pH, calcium,aluminum, metals

Plant, Metal, Uptake, Humanhealth, vegetation

Metals, Acid Mine Drainage,Treatment, Big Five Tunnel,Idaho Springs, Colorado,Control

Page 10

Doc No.

D00363

D00364

D00064

D00330

D00065

D00062

D00322

D00066

D00067

D00570

D00070

" '.• ••J-vV. ' .litie :.;;•:;':;. V : -: - ,',.Cl ^ Breek Phase II RemedialInv^^Kgation - Final

Clear Creek Phase II RemedialInvestigation - Final, Volume 2,Appendices

Colorado Nonpoint AssessmentReport (Cover Only)

Guidance on Data Requirements andData Interpretation Methods Usedin Stream Standards andClassification Proceedings

Leadville Heavy Metal ExposureAssessment Brief Description

The Basic Standards andMethodologies for Surface Water3.1.0 (5 CCR 1002-8)

Classifications and NumericStandards for Arkansas River BasinRegulation No. 32

Yak Tunnel/California GulchEndangertnent Assessment

Leadville/Stringtown SoilsInvestigation

Results of the Lincoln ParkSuperfund Site Ecological RiskAssessment

Episodic Metal Contamination ofthe Arkansas River by NonpointPollution from California Gulch

;- . - -} ,• : .i--h Author ---.'.' :-\--.' :;_"' '

Colorado Department of Health 1

Colorado Department of Health





Colorado Department of Healthand Environment Water QualityControl Commission

Colorado Department of Law

Colorado Department ofLaw/Engineering-Science, Inc.

Colorado Department of PublicHealth and Environment

Colorado Division of Wildlife

2S*_

*"1990

1989

1992

1986

1993

2002

1986

1986

1999

1992

,-'-"•-. • • • " • • Reference"'';.',";' -..-

Colorado Department ofHealth, Hazardous Materialsand Waste Management Divisionin Cooperation with U.S.Environmental ProtectionAgency, Prepared by: CampDresser & McKee Inc., Denver,Colorado

Colorado Department ofHealth, Hazardous Materialsand Haste Management Divisionin Cooperation with U.S.Environmental ProtectionAgency, Prepared by: CampDresser & McKee Inc., Denver,Colorado

Colorado Department ofHealth, Colorado WaterQuality Control Division,Denver, Colorado

Colorado Department ofHealth, Water Quality ControlDivision

State of Colorado, ColoradoDepartment of Health

Colorado Department ofHealth, Water Quality ControlCommission

Colorado Department ofHealth, Water Quality ControlCommission



Colorado Department of PublicHealth and EnvironmentCommunity Health News forColorado Newsletter, July 1999

Colorado Division ofWildlife, January, 1992

•:'; ; 'V ."'•••. ;.-.-; KeyVVords^ ;£:vKV l

Clear Creek, RI, Metals, ^HCentral City, NPL, FS, ^HMining, Tunnel

Clear Creek, RI, Metals,Central City, NPL, FS,Mining, Tunnel, Appendices

Water Quality

Water Quality, DataRequirements, StreamStandards, ClassificationProceedings

Soils, Metals, Lead, RiskAssessment, Human Health,Leadville, Colorado

Water Quality Standards,Surface Water, aquatic

Water Quality Standards,Arkansas River Basin

Yak Tunnel, CaliforniaGulch, Leadville, metals

Soils, Metals,Contaminants, Leadville,Colorado, Stringtown,terrestrial

lincoln park, downstream,risk assessment, superfund,arkansas river

Water Quality, CaliforniaGulch, Arkansas River,trout, fish, aquatic

Page 11

:DdcNo.

D00068

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D00069

D00201

D00273

D00074

D00073

D00351

D00598

D00599

..y --A;-:?: Hi;f v Title ; »-M3?m V- - .•.- --.*%\.r.'; .•>-,.- *-v\ f--:,,v •-.-;: i-i-5. -.wi: >. ;';Impact Analysis of a FlowAugmentation Program on the BrownTrout Fishery of the ArkansasRiver, Colorado

Listing of Colorado Division ofwildlife Holdings, includingeasements, along the ArkansasRiver from Leadville to Pueblo

Upper Arkansas River Fisheries andWater Management Assessment

Water Pollution Studies

Draft Biosolids Study

Wetland Resources of ArkansasHeadwaters State Park, October 1995

Wetland Resources of Lake PuebloState Park, August, 1995

Two Colorado Rivers Among Nation'sWorst Polluted

Cadmium in small mammals

Lead, zinc, cadmium and fluoridein small mammals from contaminatedgrassland established on fluorspartailings

~s-iW&*.&?.!? Aut :!fe~i]|sKV •*;•:*--V'ltni .to"-:-.'.!*1- .<-•'•'.•* •'••'•.•.•'•x-"~iT~. •»*•;-•Colorado Division of Wildlife



Colorado Game, Fish, andParks Division

Colorado Mountain College

Colorado Natural AreasProgram, Colorado Departmentof Natural Resources,Division of Parks and OutdoorRecreation

Colorado Natural AreasProgram, Colorado Departmentof Natural Resources,Division of Parks and OutdoorRecreation

Colorado Rivers Alliance

Cooke, J.A. and M.S. Johnson

Cooke, J.A. and S.M. Andrews

Pafe'l1992

1999

1991

1969

1999

1995

1995

1996

1996

1990

v'.'-r i/'i.- n -'Referehce>-i- j!r;;':£ --''?-' '>ii•"••*> V; '•••>:•-.•• .••«-.•-•/•.•••.. -,-r:-.-u :.•;•' '.'V-: •••••:State of Colorado, Departmentof Natural Resources, Denver,Colorado, March 13, 1992

letter via Colorado AttorneyGeneral's Office

Colorado Division of WildlifeSoutheast Region

Job Progress Report, FederalAid Project F-33-R-4

Colorado Mountain College

Colorado Natural AreasProgram, Colorado Departmentof Natural Resources,Division of Parks and OutdoorRecreation, Inventory,Delineation and Protection ofWetlands on Colorado StateParks, U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, GrantSCD998116011

Colorado Natural AreasProgram, Colorado Departmentof Natural Resources,Division of Parks and OutdoorRecreation, Inventory,Delineation and Protection ofWetlands on Colorado StateParks, U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Grant#CD998116011

Confluence 2 (3)

Environmental Contaminants inWildlife: Interpreting TissueConcentrations. Beyer, W.N.,G.H. Heinz, and A.W. Redmon-Norwood (eds.). SETACSpecial Publication Series.Lewis Publishers

Water, Air, and SoilPollution 51:43-54

^ ^ KeyV is- v ft SiFish, Flow Augmentation,Trout, Arkansas River,aquatic

land ownership,terrestrial, CDOW, realty,arkansas river, property,maps

Fish, Water Management,Upper Arkansas River,aquatic

Water, Arkansas River,Climax, Zinc, metal

biosolids, invertebrates,mine waste

Wetland/Riparian, ArkansasRiver, Vegetation, Colorado

Wetland/Riparian, PuebloReservoir, vegetation,Colorado

Colorado, Rivers, Polluted,Cache la Poudre, ArkansasRiver

cadmium, mammals, toxicity,terrestrial, metals

metals, mammals, grassland,terrestrial

Page 12

Doc No.

D00076

D00077

D00078

D00420

D00079

D00586

D00484

D00399

D00081

D00080

.^! .y. :: . Title -"- :< '- •?. :•'.'. •.-.: Bk' •--•••••• r • .•••-.--. '. '• "- :- - • . • - - .C ^ Bi, Metal -binding Proteins,ana^rowth in Bluegill (Lepomismacrochirus) Exposed toContaminated Sediments from theUpper Mississippi River Basin

Acute and Sub-Chronic Toxicity ofLead to the Early Life Stages ofSmallmouth Bass (Micropterusdolomieui) (cover page only)

Water-Resources Appraisal of theUpper Arkansas River Basin fromLeadville to Pueblo, Colorado

water Resources Data, Colorado,Water Years 1989-2000 MissouriRiver Basin, Arkansas River Basin,Rio Grande Basin (on other shelf)

Effects of pH on the Toxicities ofCadmium, Copper, and Zinc toSteelhead Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

In Press . A Mining ImpactedStream: Exposure and Effects ofLead and Other Trace Elements onTree Swallows (TachycinetaDicolor) Nesting in the UpperArkansas River Basin, Colorado

Strategies of Heavy Metal Uptakeby Three Plant Species GrowingNear a Metal Smelter

The Importance of ContaminatedFood for the Uptake of HeavyMetals by Rainbow Trout (Salmogairdneri) : A Field Study

Ecotoxicology of Metals inInvertebrates

Contaminated Food and Uptake ofHeavy Metals by Fish: A Review anda Proposal for Further Research

.-'•.. v •-.•'.-•••: -'.•Author'-- ...:-rv ,-:. .-,".'1 • ' "• •• •" •• ; "•- •- • -• " • • ' iCope, W.G., J.G. Wiener, M.T.iSteingraeber, G. J. Atchison '

Coughlan, D.J., S.P. Gloss

Crouch, T.M., D.Cain, P.O.Abbott, R.D. Penley and R.T.Hurr

Crowfoot, R.M., A.V. Paillet,G.R. Ritz, M.E. Smith, R.D.Steger, and G.B. O'Neill

Cusimano, R.F., D.F. Brakkeand G.A. Chapman

Custer, C.M., C.T. Custer,A.S. Archuleta, L.C. Coppock,C.D. Swart z, and J.W. Bickham

Dahmani-Muller, H., F. vanOort, B. Gelie, M. Balabane

Dallinger, R. and H. Kautzky

Dallinger, R. and P.S. Rainbow

Dallinger, R. , F. Prosi, H.Segner, and H. Back

.Jtete :fr

1986

1984

389-200

1986

2003

2000

1985

1991

1987

.' ]'- ••'-•'• ''' .'- Reference-." V.; =.-;-/. . '-1-!V

' • \ '-.'. ' ' " -.-" \ . " - • ' . . V • ' • " - . . .

Canadian Journal of Fish andAquatic Science 51:1356-1367

Waste, Air, and SoilPollution 18: 265-275

CJ. S. Geological Survey,Water-Resource InvestigationsReport 82-4114

U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Data Report CO-96-1

Canadian Journal of Fish andAquatic Science 43:1497-1503

In: Hoffman, D.J., B.A.Rattner, G.A. Burton Jr., J.Cairns Jr., Handbook ofEcotoxicology. 2nd Edition,CRC Press, Inc, Boca Raton,Florida

Environmental Pollution 109:231-238

Oecologia 67: 82-89

Proceedings of a Session Heldat the First SETAC-EuropeConference Sheffield, UnitedKingdom, April 7-10, 1991

Oecologia (Berlin) 73:91-98

',;- :?V:. vKey Worts . 0-f.

Fish, Metals, Cadmium, ^^HEffects, aquatic ^^H

Fish, Metals, Lead, aquatic

Hydrology, Upper ArkansasRiver Basin, aquatic, waterquality

water quality, upperarkansas

Fish, Metals, Trout, pH,Effects, aquatic

Upper Arkansas River, lead,trace elements, Mining,California Gulch, treeswallows, metals, sediment

terrestrial, smelter,metals, soils,phytoremediation, plants,vegetation

aquatic, fish, metalsuptake, clark fork river

Invertebrates, Metals,Criteria

Fish, Metals, Effects,Foodchain, Bioaccumulation,aquatic

Page 13

;.D6c-H6.''

D00075

D00084

D00085

D00443

D00086

D00243

D00082

D00087

D00329

^'- •^••J:;^f^r^^^f^^^^K-The Need to Establish Heavy MetalStandards on the Basis ofDissolved Metals

Use of Dialysis Tubing in Definingthe Toxic Fractions of HeavyMetals in Natural Waters

Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Leadto Rainbow Trout Salmo gairdneri .in Hard and Soft Water (cover pageonly)

Arkansas River Research Study -1995 Annual Progress Report,Period 1 Oct. 1993 - 30 Sept. 1994

Arkansas River Research Study,1994 Annual Progress Report,Period October 1, 1993 toSeptember 30, 1994, Job 1:Investigation on Acute and Long-term Toxicity of Metals to BrownTrout

Bioavailability and Toxicity ofMetals and Metal Colloids

Importance of Laboratory-DerivedMetal Toxicity Results inPredicting In-Stream Response ofResident Salmonids

Aquatic Data Analysis - FederalAid Project F-33

Aquatic Life - Water QualityRecommendations for Heavy metaland Other Inorganic Toxicants

; '•^•-•^^•^ Author^ Vy z-f'^-:??.J-.i-';i- x;XvV ''t-r,- :-4 £•:•. ••#.-."> ' ,•.""••.•"*Davies, P.

Davies, P.

Davies, P. H., J. P. Goettl,Jr., J. R. Sinley, and N. F.Smith

Davies, P.H, W.H. Clements,and J.D. Stednick

Davies, P.H.

Davies, P.H.

Davies, P.H. and J.D. Woodling

Davies, P.H. and S. Brinkman

Davies, P.H., and Goettl,Jr., J.P.

'tipste

1976

1976

1976

1995

1994

2001

1980

1990

1976

$ K^&t's.^lfan&^&Qf* '&&In: Toxicity to Biota ofMetal Forms in Natural Water,pp. 93-104, R.W. Andrew, P.Hodson, and D. Konasewich,Eds. Proc. Workshop, Duluth,Minnesota, October 7-8, 1975.Great Lakes Res . AdvisoryBoard, International JointComm

In: Toxicity to Biota ofMetal Forms in Natural Water,pp. 110-117, R.W. Andrew, P.Hodson, and D. Konasewich,Eds. Proc. Workshop, Duluth,Minnesota, October 7-8, 1975.Great Lakes Res . AdvisoryBoard, International JointComm

Water Research Vol. 10: 199-206

Report for U.S. Bureau ofReclamation

U. S. Bureau of Reclamation

Unpublished report to theUpper Arkansas Consulting Team

In.- Aquatic Toxicology, STP707. J. Eaton, P. Parrish,and A. Hendricks, Eds. ASTM.pp. 281-299

Colorado Division ofWildlife, Fish ResearchSection and Federal Aid inFish and WildlifeRestoration, Job ProgressejjuiL

Colorado Division of Wildlifefor Water Quality StandardsRevision Committee andColorado Water QualityControl Commission

' •" feTK Wortisl" -1 ;~ • • ,-•" L? ~-, "-:'• -• Av,:' >v"v*. ''•-r '-':"*-; ;r."-',' J:->

metals, toxicity, fish,aquatic

Water Quality, dialysis,metals, toxicity, aquatic

Fish, Metals, Lead, Trout,aquatic

water quality, aquatic,fish, toxicity tests,invertebrates, metals,dinero tunnel, lake fork,sugar loaf gulch

Fish, Trout, Metals, Lead,Toxicity, aquatic

heavy metals, toxicity,metal colloids,bioavailability. UpperArkansas River

Fish, metals, cadmium,copper, zinc, trout,aquatic toxicology

Water Quality Standards,Aquatic Biota, Toxicology,pH, Colorado

Water Quality, AquaticLife, Metals, Toxicants

Page 14

Doc No.

D00244

D00408

D00630

D00622

D005BO

D00089

D00479

D00090

D00091

D00092

D00093

v \ "• • - .• -%™*$ |fe w;«Wj ^ B'ollution Studies - FederalAi^BKject #F-33: CadmiumToxicity to Rainbow Trout:Bioavailability and Kinetics inWaters of High and low ComplexingCapacities

Arkansas River Research Study:1995 Annual Progress Report,Period October 1, 1994 toSeptember 30, 1995

Arkansas River Research Study:1999 Annual Progress Report;Period October 1, 1996 toSeptember 30, 1999

East Fork Arkansas River ResearchStudy, Annual Contract Summary,Period: October, 1997 toSeptember, 1999

Arkansas River Basin ResearchStudy: 5 Year Grant Summary,October 1997 to September, 2002

Arkansas River Research Study,1994 Annual Progress Report,Period May 1, 1993 to September30, 1993

Environmental Factors Influencingthe Natural Revegetation of PlacerMine Tailings in Interior Alaska

Sensitivity of Early-Life-StageGolden Trout to Low pH andElevated Aluminum

Toxic Effects of Lead and LeadCompounds on Human Health, AquaticLife, Wildlife, Plants, andLivestock

Draft Ordered Rankings for HomeRanges of Migratory BirdsPotentially Inhabiting theCalifornia Gulch, Leadville,Colorado Superfund Site

Toxicity of Cadmium in Sediments:The Role of Acid Volatile Sulfide

•3Jf?M-«j>.'-£ ;..,>?. Author ,-.-. .•/ -:;-!1 — ;_"• •-•-••;?;•. .-*• T'rv- -' ' •- -f- '• ..''--- " •, •. "-•*•* ; .-•-,'•' ,

Davies, P.M., and S. Brinkmani

Davies, P.H., M.W. Mclntyre,J.D. Stednick

Davies, P.H., S.F. Brinkman,M.W. Mclntyre, and W.C.Clements

Davies, P.H., T.G. Powell,E.E. Kochman, W.H. Clements,P. Kiffiney

Davies, P.H., T.G. Powell,E.E. Kochman, W.H. Clements,P. Kiffiney, H. Ramsdell

Davies, P.H., W.H. Clements,J.D. Stednick

Deans , A .

DeLonay, A.J., E.E. Little,D. F. Woodward, W.G.Brumbaugh, A.M. Farag andC.F. Rabeni

DeMayo, A., M.C. Taylor, K.W.Taylor, and P.V. Hodson

DeWeese, R. and J. Wegrzyn

Di Toro, D.M., J.D. Mahony,D.J. Hansen, K.J. Scott, M.B.Hicks, S.M. Mayr and M.S.Redmond

ate ,

B4

1997

2000

1999

1999

1994

1992

1993

1982

1992

1990

; "..;% .-'v.-'. •-:.'.'•.• Reference-^ Y^>' -r:Colorado Division ofWildlife, Fish ResearchSection, Job Final Report


Arkansas River ResearchStudy: 1999 Annual ProgressReport


Colorado Division ofWildlife, Fisheries Research


M.S. Thesis, Colorado Schoolof Mines


CRC Critical Reviews inEnvironmental Control 12(4):257-305

0. S. Fish and WildlifeService/FWE/Colorado StateOffice, Golden, Colorado


.•:..• .x.; ;::v~ -Key «6rds;>: :i;; ,. ]

Cadmium, water, aquatic, Htoxicity, bioavailabilityT^Bmetals

arkansas river, waterquality, metals,invertebrates, fish,toxicity, sediments,bioaccumulation, aquatic

Arkansas River, fish,invertebrates, benthos,trout, water, sediments,metals, toxicity, aquatic

water quality, aquatic,Leadville Mine DrainageTunnel, fish, ArkansasRiver, metals, toxicity

aquatic life, LeadvilleMine Drainage Tunnel, YakTunnel, metals, CaliforniaGulch, Arkansas River,fish, toxicity

water Quality, UpperArkansas River, Colorado,lead, sediment, aquatic

placer mining,revegetation, alaska,stream, aquatic, riparian,soils

Fish, Metals, Aluminum, pH,aquatic

Metals, Lead, Toxicology,Human Health, AquaticBiota, Plants, DomesticLivestock

Birds, Mammals, UpperArkansas River, CaliforniaGulch, Colorado, lead

Sediments, Metals,Toxicology, Cadmium,Transport

Page 15

. Doc No/"

D00094

D00358

D00600

D00601

D00379

D00402

D00594

D00097

D00542

D00413

D00400

^&:&m?m^^MmsMolybdenum and CopperRelationships in Animal Nutrition

Hanford Site Environmental Reportfor Calendar Year 1994

Ecological effects of heavy metalpollution (Pb, Cd, Zn) on smallmammal populations and communities

Trace metal accumulation by theshrew Sorex araneus II. Tissuedistribution in kidney and liver

Effects of Flow Augmentation onChannel Morphology and RiparianVegetation in the Upper ArkansasRiver Basin, CO

Effects of a Mine Tailings Spillon Feeding and MetalConcentrations in Yellow Perch(Perca flavescens)

Acute Toxicity of Ambient ArkansasRiver Water Samples to the FatheadMinnow (Pimephales promelas) andCeriodaphnia dubia

Cadmium and Mercury in EmergentMayflies (Hexagenia bilineata)from the Upper Mississippi River

Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of aMixture of Heavy Metals inChironomus tentans (Diptera:Chironomidae) in Synthetic Sediment

Reconnaissance of Water Quality ofPueblo Reservoir, Colorado- -Maythrough December 1985

Compilation of Water-Quality Datafor Pueblo Reservoir and the UpperArkansas River Basin, Colorado,1985-87 (cover only)

;?V?- â> £ Hd'i£ 'W7 :HK -#*•..!•>•;•>!••::-•?*,••'.?'«£;>*»- :-i.>_ <'•' ;'-,S .;".'-;'. .-' -..&&•?.

Dick, A. T.

Dirkes, R.L., and R.W. Hanf

Dmowski, K. , M. Kozakiewiczand A. Kozakiewicz

Dodds-Smith, M.E., M.S.Johnson and D.J. Thompson

Dominick, D.S.

Draves, J.F. and M.G. Fox

Drottar, K.R.

Dukerschein, J.T., J.G.Wiener, R.G. Rada, and M.T.Steingraeber

E.A. Harrahy and W.H. Clements

Edelmann, P.

Edelmann, P., J.A. Scaplo,D.A. Colalancia, B.B. Elson

iibateS1987

1995 |

1995

1992

1997

1998

1989

1992

1997

1989

1991

iii:~>>U -;:Refererice 5&. \ ;:,".•': ;•:--• : "•„•-:.••'•.•;•.-.••••. :•'••••.' :••'••- v.rir -.:./.-In: Inorganic NitrogenMetabolism, Animal HealthResearch Laboratory,Commonwealth Scientific andIndustrial ResearchOrganization, Melbourne,Victoria, Australia

U.S. Department of Energyunder Contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830, Pacific NorthwestLaboratory, Richland,Washington

Bulletin of the PolishAcademy of SciencesBiological Sciences 43:1-10


MS Thesis, Watershed ScienceProgram, Utah State University


Res-ASARCO Joint Ventureproject file




USGS Open-File Report 91-506(Contaminants database #4011)

r 3£iv,; '" Keywords U*^flzpt%?v1-',:-. ... -. --;',-W ".t-.i-: :--.!---. - ;?."*•••Metals, Molybdenum, Copper,Animal Nutrition

Hanford Site, Washington,Nuclear, Cleanup

metals, mammals, toxicity,terrestrial

metals, mammals, toxicity,terrestrial

flow, water, arkansasriver, hydrology, vegetation

aquatic, fish, metals,metals uptake

Arkansas River, Toxicity,fathead minnow, fish,aquatic

Invertebrates, Aquatic,Metals, Upper MississippiRiver

invertebrates, metals,sediment, bioaccumulation,aquatic

pueblo reservoir,downstream, water quality,arkansas river, metals,phytoplankton, zooplankton

water quality, upperArkansas River, PuebloReservoir, aquatic

Page 16

Doc No.

D00098

D00529

D00099

D00517

D00593

D00419

D00616

D00590

D00437

D00409

D00518

v p; ••^^•m^mm$^T ^ Bleavy Metals in Groundwaterof ffortion of the Front RangeMineral Belt - Final CompletionReport

Defining the Limits ofRestoration: The Need forRealistic Goals

Handbook of Chemical RiskAssessment: Health Hazards toHumans, Plants, and Animals

Environmental Report for theCotter Uranium Mill, Canon City,Colorado

Characterization of Adult BrownTrout Growth and Survival in theArkansas River

Focused Feasibility Study, FormerKoppers Wood Treating Site,Salida, Colorado

Letter report on the status of thebrown trout fishery in theArkansas River in the vicinity ofaccidental CDOW rotenone fish kill

An Evaluation of Metal Standardsin the Upper Arkansas River andTheir Relationship to the Survivaland Growth of Brown Trout

Final Report, College of the Canons

Post Removal Site Control Plan,College of the Canons, Canon City,Colorado

Evaluation of the Arkansas RiverNear and Below the Cotter UraniumMill Site, Canon City, Colorado

M3$&j?eipf.k&. Author v> :-'r^-. *-•.-£$

Edwards, K.W. and R. Klusman •

Ehrenfeld, J.G.

Eisler, R.

Ellis, D. B., and B. G.Johnson

ENSR

ENSR

ENSR Consulting andEngineering

ENSR Consulting andEngineering, for: Bradley,Campbell and Carney

ENTACT

ENTACT

EPA

JJatei

•76~

2000

2000

1977

1989

1997

1988

1989

1998

1998

1992

/ ;_•'.' •'.••'• " v v-. Reference. '•••;y^' ./;;>;Colorado State University,Fort Collins, ColoradoCompletion Report Series No.72

Restoration Ecology 8(l):2-9

Lewis Publishers pp. 1903

Nalco Environmental Sciences,Northbrook, Illinois

Res-ASARCO Joint Ventureproject file

Beazer East Inc. Doc. No.0845-036-640

Res-ASARCO Joint VentureCalifornia Gulch CERCLA SiteCentral Project File

Bradley, Campbell and Carney,Document number 1020-001, Res-ASARCO Cal Gulch CentralProject File

ENTACT

Post Removal Site Control Plan

Remedial Action Plan, Section30, Final Report

•..,. '.-•••.,.-•:-::-;•. Key-Worts: ••!'&;: \-'....,.• . ..•••— v'- • -'•- -f.-- •--•..•:'.-»,'.-fc|Heavy Metals ^^H

^riparian, restoration,goals, wetlands, ecosystemmanagement, conservation

cadmium, copper, zinc,arsenic, lead, vegetation,invertebrates, metals

Lincoln Park, Cotter Mill,arkansas river, Canon City,tailings, uranium, radon,molybdenum, radioactivity,water, ground-water, soils,biota, vegetation, birds,mammals, metals

Brown Trout, ArkansasRiver, fish, aquatic

smeltertown, koppers,metals, downstream,arkansas river,remediation, metals, woodtreatment

fish, Arkansas River,rotenone, trout, aquatic

Metals, Brown Trout, UpperArkansas River, fish

college of the canons,arkansas river, downstream,metals, smelter,remediation, soils, air.

College of the Canons,remediation, downstream,arkansas river, minetailings

Lincoln Park, Cotter Mill,arkansas river, Canon City,water, sediment, biota,fish, birds,microinvertebrates ,mammals.

Page 17

-Doc No/

D00519

D00564

D00102

D00103

D00104

D00105

D00106

D00421

D00448 .

D00341

D00107

•î^^mfim^î^^Êvaluation of the Willow LakesNear the Cotter Uranium Mill Site,Canon City, Colorado

St . Kevin Gulch : Letter fromUSGS to USFWS Re: invertebrate &cowpie metal concentrations

Analytical Results for SedgeSamples Collected on the WetlandReceiving Acid Mine DrainageWaters from St. Kevin Gulch,Leadville, Colorado

Status Report on a Study of theEffects of Acid Mine Drainage onVegetation Near Leadville,Colorado. In: U.S. GeologicalSurvey, Toxic Substances HydrologyProgram- -Proceedings of theTechnical Meeting, Phoenix,Arizona, September 26-30, 1988

The Interactions of Water Hardnessand pH with the Acute Toxicity ofZinc to the Brown Trout, Salmotrutta

Physiological Changes and TissueMetal Accumulation in RainbowTrout Exposed to Foodborne andWaterborne Metals

The Effects of Low pH and ElevatedAluminum on Yellowstone CutthroatTrout (Oncorhynchus clarkiDouvieri)

Dietary Effects of Metals-Contaminated Invertebrates fromthe Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho, onCutthroat Trout

The Physiological Impairment ofFree -rang ing Brown Trout Exposedto Metals in the Clark Fork River,Montana

Fish Communities as Indicators ofEnvironmental Degradation

Geochemical Classification of MineDrainages and Natural Drainages inMineralized Areas

£g?3£f*J± W -Authoc'fe& i'xi ; ;;r-Sf.1.- tts/'-Ajj v,i_ " • ;-• •.-!'-??: .C' :'; ' ••*: •"•--- vs* &EPA

Erickson, B.

Erickson, B. M., p. H,Briggs, K. R. Kennedy and T.R. Peacock

Erickson, B.M.

Everall, N.C., N.A.A.MacFarlane and R.W. Sedgwick

Farag, A.M., C.J. Boese, D.F. Woodward, and H.L. Bergman

Farag, A.M., D.F. Woodward,E.E. Little, B. Steadman andF.A. Vertucci

Farag, A.M., D.F. Woodward,W. Brumbaugh, J.N. Goldstein,E. MacConnell, C. Hogstrand,and F.T. Barrows

Farag, A.M., M.A. Stansbury,C. Hogstrand, E. MacConnell,and H.L. Bergman

Fausch, K.D., J. Lyons, J.R.Karr, and P.L. Angermeier

Ficklin, W. H., G. S.Plumlee, K. S. Smith and J.B . McHugh

:'Date'~'•* ::•;.>. T"1993

1991

1991

1988

1989

1994

1993

1999

1995

1990

1992

vni-'K .- .:' 'jRstetBhce>?. ->--'-:.\.>;:.v:

Remedial Action Plan, Section26, Final Report

Letter from USGS to USFWS

U. S. Geological Survey,Denver Federal Center,Denver, Colorado, Open-FileReport 91-126


Journal of Fish Biology 35:27-36

Environmental Toxicology andChemistry 13(121:2021-2029



Canadian Journal of Fisheriesand Aquatic Science 52: 2038-2050

American Fisheries SocietySymposium 8:123-144

Water Rock Interaction,Kharaka and Maest (eds) ,Balkema, Rotterdam. ISBN 905410 0753

???£ •? ; y»Woras>x ? i ,:?5

Lincoln Park, Cotter Mill,arkansas river, Canon City,water, sediment, algae,fish, microinvertebrates,

St. kevin gulch,invertebrates, terrestrial,metals

Wetland/Riparian, Metals,Plants, Vegetation, UpperArkansas River Basin, St.Kevin Gulch, Leadville,Colorado, Acid MineDrainage, aquatic

Vegetation, Acid MineDrainage, Leadville,Colorado, St. Kevin Gulch,terrestrial

Fish, trout, zinc, pH,water hardness, metals,aquatic

Fish, Metals, Trout,Effects, Physiology, aquatic

Fish, Trout, Cutthroat, pHEffects, aquatic

fish, coeur d'alene, idaho,invertebrates, trout,metals, aquatic

clark fork, metals,aquatic, water quality,fish, metallothionein,tissue residues

Fish, Communities,Indicators, EnvironmentalDegradation, aquatic

Geochemistry, Acid MineDrainage, metals, pH

Page 18

Doc No. -

D00108

D00109

D00456

D00569

D00110

D00452

D00111

D00113

D00169

D00521

D00114

D00115

- : Bfc !-v:;: .T™M" v:;;v> r &•'•Fr^^^Ban-Arkansas Studies. In:CoSlRlo Fisheries ResearchReview, 1972

Coldwater Reservoir and High LakesStudies

Revegetation of Fluvial TailingDeposits on the Arkansas Rivernear Leadville, Colorado

Interactive Effects of SoilAmendments and Depth ofIncorporation on Geyer Willow

Landscape Geochemistry: Retrospectand Prospect - 1990

Aspects of Leadville Area MineDrainage Affecting the UpperArkansas River

Molybdenum - A ToxicologicalAppraisal

Bioavailability of Metal Mixturesin Natural and Synthetic Sediments

Ingestion of Soil by hispid CottonRats, White-Footed Mice, andEastern Chipmunks

Cotter Corporation Uranium MillSite

Water Quality of Impoundments onSurface-Mined Sites

Gaining Perspective on AquaticHabitat Restoration

'•' •-"•:- .. - ;v,'-.~. 'Author-Vv--- -•'.-.. ;;•' - ..-•••:'-• •-•-' • •-. . •---. • ,-. ••-•--.•. -

Finnell, L.M. J

Finnell, L.M. and G.L. Bennett

Fisher, K.T.

Fisher, K.T., J.E. Brummer,W.C. Leininger, and D.M. Heil

Fortescue, J.A.C.

Frank, W.

Friberg, L. , p. Boston, G.Nordberg, M. Piscator and K.-H. Robert

Frugie, M.

Garten, C.T.

Geotrans, Inc., RockyMountain Consultants, Inc.,and ERI Logan, Inc.

Gilley, J. E., G. W. Gee, A.Bauer, W.O. Willis, and R.A.Young

Gillian, S.

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In: Colorado FisheriesResearch Review 1972-1975.Colorado Division ofWildlife, Review No. 8,Fisheries Research Section

M.S. Thesis, Colorado StateUniversity

Journal of EnvironmentalQuality 29 (6) : 1786-1793

Applied Geochemistry 7:1-52

report obtained from E . Seppi

4 01, Stockholm 60, Sweden,EPA-60011-75-004, ContractNo. 68-024210

Colorado State University,Fishery and Wildlife BiologyDepartment, Fort Collins,Colorado, Master's Thesis

Journal of Mammalogy61(1) :136-137

Remedial Investigation forThe State of ColoradoDepartment of Law Office ofthe Attorney General

North Dakota Farm Research34(2)

Land and Water Sept/Oct: 30-33

••!:• --:' ' - '- .-KW Words; v ; ••,•• ... \-, \Aquatic Biota, Fryingpan-^BBArkansas Project, Arkansal^BRiver, Colorado, HunterCreek

CDOW-Fish, aquatic,Arkansas River

revegetation, arkansasriver, tailings, willows,fluvial, soils, amendments,metals, phytotoxic

upper arkansas,terrestrial, restoration,remediation, willows,vegetation, 11-mile reach,tailings, fluvial, riparian

Geochemistry

history, arkansas river,water quality, Californiagulch, metals

Metals, Molybdenum,Toxicology

Sediments, Bioavailability,Metals, Invertebrates,Arkansas River, CaliforniaGulch, Leadville, Colorado

hispid cotton rats, white-footed mice, soil,ingestion, mammals,terrestrial

Lincoln Park, Cotter Mill,arkansas river, Canon City,tailings, uranium, radon,molybdenum, radioactivity,water, ground-water, soils,biota, vegetation, birds,mammals

Water Quality, soils, mining

Restoration, Aquatic Habitat

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D00124

:•_, :,;V; - t^ttg^T$^j^fy:fe-^. £>i

Letter regarding results fromBreeding Bird Surveys in the UpperArkansas Basin

Colorado Trout

Status and Management of InteriorStocks of Cutthroat Trout

Factors Affecting mercuryAccumulation in Fish I the UpperMichigan Peninsula

Summary: Developing a Biotic Indexfor Colorado Stream Quality

Automated Global PositioningSystem Charting of EnvironmentalAttributes: A Limnologic Study

Environmental Zinc and CadmiumPollution Associated withGeneralized Osteochondrosis,Osteoporosis, and Nephrocalcinosisin Horses

Effects of Municipal Sludge onLocomotor Activity and ExploratoryBehavior of Meadow Voles (Microtuspennsylvanicus)

Zinc

Safety Assessment of SelectedInorganic Elements to Fry ofChinook Salmon (Oncorhynchustshawytscha

Wetlands Ecosystems: Natural WaterPurifiers?

The Interactions Between theSurface of Rainbow Trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss, andWaterborne Metal Toxicants

g] :tfe :. :A hpr ;; ?-*if6f ::

Gillihan, S.

Greene, W.

Gresswell, R.E., Editor

Grieb, T.M., C.T. Driscoll,S.P. Glos, C.L. Schofield,G.L. Bowie and D.B. Porcella

Grotheer, S.A.

Gubala, C.P., C. Branch, N.Roundy, D. Landers

Gunson, D., D. Kowalczyk, C.Shoop and C. Ramberg

Hall, A., D. Taylor and P.Woods

Hambridge, M., C. Casey andN. Krebs

Hamilton, S.J. and K.J. Buhl

Hammer, D.A. and R.K. Bastian

Handy, R. and F. Eddy

ViDafe;i

1995

1937

1988

1990

1995

1994

1982

1990

1986

1990

1989

1990

' V ^ f ferehcie? '-;"-- ^ ^letter to FWS

Colorado Museum of NaturalHistory. Popular Series No. 2.

American Fisheries SocietySymposium 4


Colorado State University, CEResource Center, Summary ofCWRRI Completion Report No.187, Fort Collins, Colorado

The Science of the TotalEnvironment 148:83-92

Journal of AmericanVeterinary MedicalAssociation 180:295-299


In: Trace Elements in Humanand Animal Nutrition, Ed. 5.Vol. 2 Academic Press, Inc.,Orlando, Florida. 499 pp.

Ecotoxicology andEnvironmental Safety 20: 307-324

In Constructed Wetlands forWaste Water Treatment:Municipal, Industrial andAgricultural, edited by D.Hammer: 5-19

Functional Ecology 4:385-392

y*-f:2::^^Wott?^£¥abirds, upper arkansas,riparian,

Fish, aquatic, trout

Fish, Trout, Cutthroat,aquatic

Fish, Metals, Mercury,Acclimation, aquatic,Michigan, pH

Aquatic Biota, WaterQuality, Bio-Monitoring,Colorado, Cache La PoudreRiver

Global Positioning System,Limnology, GPS

Mammals, zinc, cadmium,metals, Osteochondrosis,osteoporosis

Mammals, sludge, heavymetals, voles, copper,cadmium, lead, zinc

Mammals, zinc, metals

Fish, Metals, Salmon,Effects, Toxicity, aquatic

wetlands, metals, aquatic

Fish, trout, metals,toxicity, zinc, aquatic

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D00359

D00125

D00127

D00128

D00332

D00602

D00129

D00474

D00603

D00130

D00523

D00132

••' fc .V:.: - :-W™!?' : : "';'•' ••'••J;^;:':":V:>Su ^ B of the Hanford SiteEnv?Bromental Report for CalendarYear 1994

The Erosion Control Letters: Weare What We Teach

Lead in Mule Deer Forage in RockyMountain National Park, Colorado

Metal Contamination in Liver andMuscle of Northern Pike (EsoxLucius) and White Sucker(Catostomus comraersoni) and inSediments from Lakes Near theSmelter at Flin Flon, Manitoba

Dietary Exposure of Mink to Carpfrom Saginaw Bay, Michigan. 1.Effects on Reproduction andSurvival, and the Potential Risksto Wild Mink Populations.

Heavy metal accumulation in smallmammals following sewage sludgeapplication to forests

Altered Avoidance Behavior ofYoung Black Ducks Fed Cadmium

Mining in Colorado: A History ofDiscovery, Development, andProduction (Section on Lake Countyonly)

Modelling and monitoringorganochlorine and heavy metalaccumulation in soils, earthworms,and shrews in Rhine-Deltaf loodplains

Lead in Hawks, Falcons and OwlsDownstream from a Mining Site onthe Coeur D'Alene River, Idaho

Restoration Ecology of RiverineWetlands: I. A Scientific Basis

Effects of Impoundment on Waterand Sediment in the Arkansas Riverat Pueblo Reservoir

,;•;', ."y*:. ';v<.; : .AllthOr ; -"il; '-rJi-.. :.:.-'~ ''-' .

Hanf, R.W., R.E. Schrempf, fand R.L. Dirkes

Harding, M.V.

Harrison, P. and M. Dyer

Harrison, S. E. and J. F.Klaverkamp

Heaton, S.N., S.J. Bursian,J.P. Giesy, D.E. Tillitt,J.A. Render, P.O. Jones, D.A.Verbrugge, T.J. Kubiak, R.J.Aulerich

Hegstrom, L. J. and S. D. West

Heinz, G., S. Haseltine andL. Sileo

Henderson, C.W.

Hendriks, A.J., W.-C. Ma,J.J. Brouns, E.M. de Ruiter-Dijkman and R. Cast

Henny, C.J., L.J. Blus, D.J.Hoffman and R.A. Grove

Henry, C.P. and C. Amoros

Herrmann, S. J. and K. I Mahan

Jjate

w1995

1984

1990

1995

1989

1983

1926

1995

1994

1995

1977

'•' ':. ' '.' , y :•;, '"Jtefereijce ' vv .'/

U.S. Department of Energyunder Contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830, Pacific NorthwestLaboratory, Richland,Washington

Land and WaterSeptember/October : 9-10

Journal of WildlifeManagement, 48:510-517



Journal of EnvironmentalQuality 18:345-349


U.S. Geological Survey,Professional Paper 138


Environmental Monitoring andAssessment 29: 267-288

Environmental Management19(6) :891-902.

CJ. S. Bureau of Reclamation,Lower Missouri Region,Fryingpan-Arkansas Project,Colorado

... > - -.:-;;>p > .Keywords:, % ; >> J

Hanford Site, Washington , BNuclear, Cleanup ^^1

Streambank Erosion

Mammals, lead, metals,terrestrial

Fish, Metals, Sediments,Smelters, deposition

Carp, Mink, Michigan,Reproduction, Survival,Diet, PCBs

metals, mammals, terrestrial

Birds, cadmium, metals

arkansas river, lakecounty, mining history,mining, production,development, placer,hydraulic

metals, mammals,invertebrates, terrestrial

Birds, Raptors, Mining,Metals, Lead, Coeur D'AleneRiver, Idaho, terrestrial

restoration, river,wetlands, stream, monitoring

Sediments, aquatic,Arkansas River, Pueblo River

Page 21

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D00133

D00623

D00134

D00135

D00136

D00137

D00138

D00581

D00139

D00571

D00140

•;•,;+ >;*l^Z-&:jm^*'-:&':^ff ?;-<•£.. .-•••'.; •••-•t"J\?:i----.vt!;>:..5--.'?-:"..'i-w--":- "vv«-- £$".-<x*"&Nutrient Uptake and CommunityMetabolism in Streams DrainingHarvested and Old GrowthWatersheds: A PreliminaryAssessment

Survival, Growth, and Accumulationof Ingested Lead in NestingAmerican Kestrels (Falcosparverius)

Accumulation of cadmium, copperand zinc in the liver of somepasserine species wintering inCentral Norway

Long-Term Effects of Lead Exposureon Three Generations of BrookTrout (Salvelinusfontinalis) (cover page only)

An Investigation of Trout andBenthic Macro invertebratePopulations in the Mainstem ofChalk Creek, Chaffee County,Colorado

The Use of Automatically CollectedPoint Samples to EstimateSuspended Sediment and AssociatedTrace Element Concentrations forDetermining Annual Mass Transport

Cross-sectional Variability inSuspended Sediment and AssociatedTrace Element Concentration inSelected Rivers in the US

Variation in Suspended Sedimentand Associated Trace ElementConcentrations in SelectedRiverine Cross Sections

Variations in Suspended Sedimentand Associated Trace ElementConcentrations in SelectedRiverine Cross Sections

Copper Lethality to Rainbow Troutin Waters of Various Hardness andPH

Photochemical and Seasonal Cyclingof Manganese in Lake Fork

Use of Watershed Characteristicsto Select Control Streams forEstimating Effects of Metal MiningWastes on Extensively DisturbedStreams

Hill, B.H., F.H. McCormick

Hoffman, D., J. Franson, O.Pattee, C. Bunck and A.Anderson

Hogstad, 0.

Holcombe, G. W., D. A.Benoit, E. N. Leonard, and J.M . McKim

Horn, B.J.

Horowitz, A. J., K. A.Elrick, P. B. Von Guerard, N.0. Young, G. R. Buell and T.L. Miller

Horowitz, A.J., F.A. Rinella,P. Lamothe, T.L. Miller, T.K.Edwards, R.L. Roche and D.A.Rickert

Horowitz, A.J., F.A. Rinella,P. Lamothe, T.L. Miller, T.K.Edwards, R.L. Roche and D.A.Rickert

Horowitz, A.J., F.A. Rinella,P. Lamothe, T.L. Miller, T.K.Edwards, R.L. Roche, D.A.Rickert

Howarth, R. S. and J. B.Sprague

Hrncir, D. and D. McKnight

Hughes, Robert M.

i-jDate2000

1985

1996

1976

1993

1992

1989

1990

1990

1978

2000

1985

••^ ?:^fc #$^fc?^£%j$££&Hill and McCormick, ResearchEcologists, U.S. EPA,National Exposure ResearchLaboratory, EcologicalExposure Research Division,Cincinnati, OH

Comprehensive Biochemistryand Physiology, 80C:431-439

The Science of the TotalEnvironment 183:187-194

Journal of Fish ResourcesBoard Can. 33: 1731-1741

Colorado Division ofWildlife, 1993

Erosion and SedimentTransport MonitoringProgrammes in River Basins(Proceedings of the OsloSymposium, August 1992) IAHSPubl. No. 210, 1992

Sediment and the Environment(Proceedings of the BaltimoreSymposium, May 1989) , IAHSPubl. No. 18: 1989

Environmental Science andTechnology 24(91:1313-1320

Environmental Science &Technology 24(91:1313-1320

Water Research, 12:455-462

NCERQA Grant Annual Report

Environmental Management9(3) :253-262

nutrient uptake, streams,water, metabolism, aquatic

Birds, lead, metals,kestrels

heavy metals, liver,cadmium, zinc, copper,pollution, passerines, parus

Fish, Metals, Trout, Lead,aquatic

Aquatic Biota, Trout,Invertebrates, Chalk Creek,Colorado

Metals, Transport, Sediments

Metals, Transport,Sediments, U. S. Rivers

Metals, Transport,Sediments, U.S. Rivers

sediment, trace elementconcentrations

Fish, Metals, Trout,Copper, aquatic

upper arkansas, lake fork,metals, water, aquatic

Metals, Impacts, StudyTechniques, Mining,Watershed, aquatic

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D00142

D00143

D00457

D00549

D00626

D00144

D00543

D00145

D00146

D00147

•Vilfct.:. fiV: Title r:-.-.-V:>; ':->--•- ^^m-"--. .',-- '•":•---.• --.;..-; "--•--• -:;".

Fo ^ H in Relationships of Copperand^Hamium in ContaminatedGrassland Ecosystems

Review of the EPA California GulchPhase I Remedial InvestigationReport

Testing Sediment Toxicity withHyalella azteca (Amphipoda) andChironomus riparius (Dipter)

Bioaccumulation of Metals byHyalella azteca Exposed toContaminated Sediments from theUpper Clark Fork River, Montana

Fluvial Geomorphologic Assessmentof Upper Arkansas River: FinalReport

On the Need to Select an Ecosystemof Reference, However Imperfect:A Reply to Pickett & Parker

Linkage of Effects to TissueResidues: Development of aComprehensive Database for AquaticOrganisms Exposed to Inorganic andOrganic Chemicals (Andrew has)

Biological Monitoring of ToxicTrace Elements

Lead Exposure in PasserinesInhabiting Lead-ContaminatedFloodplains in the Coeur D'AleneRiver Basin, Idaho, USA

Report of Explorations in Coloradoand Utah During the Summer of1889, with an Account of theFishes Found in Each of the RiverBasins Examined

Trace Elements in Soils and Plants

Development of High Mountain PlantCommunities as Wetland MitigationSystems for Copper Mine Effluent -Project End Report

••. . -,-v .: -Authoivr. - •--"•;.' --• --••-•••--• .•-•.- :•-..':• -•••-•• -'•' •--'-• ":

Hunter, B.A. and M.S. Johnson j

Hydrometrics, Inc.

Ingersoll, C. G. and M. K.Nelson

Ingersoll, Chris G., WilliamG. Brumbaugh, F. James Swyer,Nile E. Kemble

Inter-Fluve, Inc. and FLOEngineering, Inc

J. Aronson, S. Dhillion, E.Le Floc'h

Jarvinen, A.W., G.T. Ankley

Jenkins, Dale W.

•jf£

W1987

1990

1994

1999

1995

1999

1981

Johnson, G.D., D.J. Audet,J.W. Kern, L.J. LeCaptain, M.D. Strickland, D.J. Hoffman,and L.L. McDonald

Jordan, D.S.

Kabata-Pendias, A. and H.Pendias

Kastning-Culp, Larry DeBreyand J. Lockwood

1999

1889

1984

1993

.-:---i:.' ::?':. /; Reference-; •. .' ..:J-Oikos 38:108-117

Counsel for Defendants inCivil Action No. 86-C-1675

American Society for Testingand Materials, Philadelphia,PA, Standard TechnicalPublication 1096 - 1990

Environmental Toxicology andChemistry 13 (12) :2013-2020

Prepared for URS OperatingServices, Inc.

Restoration Ecology 3(1): 1-3

SETAC technical publicationsseries

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency,Environmental MonitoringSystems Laboratory, LasVegas, NV, Research andDevelopment, EPA-600/S3-80-


United States FishCommission, Vol. IX,Washington GovernmentPrinting Office 1891

CRC Press, New York, NewYork, 278 pp.

University of Wyoming,Department of Plant, Soil andInsect Sciences 4 June, 1993

:c..:7.: --••- -:: Keywords : "^r--' ^grasslands, copper, ^^Bcadmium, metals, mammals, Minvertebrates

RI/FS, California Gulch

Invertebrates, sediment,metals

Sediments, Bioaccumulation,Invertebrates, Upper ClarkFork River, Montana, fish,aquatic, metals

arkansas river, flows,hydrology, geomorphology,11-mile reach, OU-11,sediments

reference, restoration,monitoring.

tissues, aquatic organisms,chemicals, water quality,bioaccumulation

Metals, Bio-Monitoring

metals, birds, floodplain,lead, American robin, Songsparrow, idaho

Fish, Colorado, aquatic

Vegetation

Wetland/Riparian, Plants,Bioaccumulation, LittleSnake River, Wyoming, Metals

Page 23

Doc Na '

D00481

D00148

D00354

D00149

D00150

D00151

D00554

D00152

D00516

D00153

D00154

D00155

: : • ? 1° /" 'K ff v^ vr." *-Cadmium Accumulation and ProteinBinding Patterns in Tissues of theRainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri

High Plains Reclamation andRestoration at Black Thunder Mine

Upper Arkansas River ResearchProjects: A Compilation ofSummaries Presented to the UpperArkansas River Research Workshop

Toxicity of Metal-ContaminatedSediments from the Upper ClarkFork River, Montana, to AquaticInvertebrates and Fish inLaboratory Exposures

Effects of Chronic Lead Ingestionon Reproductive Characteristics ofRinged Turtle Doves (Streptopeliarisoria) and Tissue LeadConcentrations Adults and TheirProgeny

Identification of Heavy metalConcentrations in Surface WatersThrough Coupling of GIS andHydrochemical Models

Effects of Heavy Metals on aMacroinvertebrate Assemblage froma Rocky Mountain Stream inExperimental Microcosms

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals byBenthic Invertebrates at theArkansas River, Colorado

Effects of Metals on StreamMacroinvertebrate Assemblages fromDifferent AltitudesUpper Arkansas River Surface-waterToxics Projects, Selected ExcerptsFrom: Physical, Chemical, andBiological Processes in WatersAffected by Acid Mine Drainage:From Headwater Streams toDownstream Reservoirs

Metal Partitioning andPhotoreduction of Iron inFiltrates of Acid Streamwater, St.Kevin Gulch, CO

Effects of Colloids on MetalTransport in a River ReceivingAcid Mine Drainage, Upper ArkansasRiver, Colorado, U.S. A. In: MetalTransport in an Acid Mine ImpactedRIWM^^

'&*^?t&^$^0£^&'^:y-ps+-'Kay, J., D.G. Thomas, M.W.Brown, A. Cryer, D. Shurben,J.F. Solbe, and J.S. Garvey

Keammerer, W. R. and R.L.Moore , Jr .

Keidel, J.

Kemble, N.E., W.G. Brumbaugh,E.L. Brunson, F.J. Dwyer,C.G. Ingersoll, D.P. Mondanand D . F . Woodward

Kendall, R. and P. Scanlon

Kern, T. J. and J. D. Stednick

Kiffney, P.J. and W.H.Clements

Kiffney, P.M. and W.H.Clements

Kiffney, P.M. and W.H.Clements

Kimball, B.A.

Kimball, B.A. and D.M.McKnight

Kimball, B.A., E. Callenderand E.V. Axtmann

,

ifrDate :1986

1995

1995

1994

1981

1993

1994

1993

1996

1991

1988

1995

m^

^ - /r fRetei c iT yV'- ..*:.;

Environmental HealthPerspectives 65: 133-139

Land and WaterSeptember/October, 1995

Upper Arkansas River ResearchWorkshop April 17 & 18, CanonCity, Colorado

Environmental Toxicology andChemistry, Vol 13, No. 12,pp. 1985-1997, 1994, 0730-7268 (94) 00147-2


Proceedings of the ViennaConference, April 1993, IAHSPub. 50, 211, 1993.

Journal of the North AmericanBenthological Society 13(4):511-523



U. S. Geological Survey,Upper Arkansas River Surface-water Toxics Projects

U. S. Geological Survey,Water ResourcesInvestigations Report 88-4220

Applied Geochemistry 10:285-305

*•'•. ~.&j ; i* i Keyr Woijais' Wf Fn.r.5-1.-.---.: ,••:-/; ;r."r- :;';-.;:;;••:• •ST'-fe-VS? !'.'fish, cadmium, aquatic,protein binding, trout,metals

Restoration, Reclamation,Mining

Upper Arkansas River

Invertebrates, Aquatic,Metals, Sediments, Montana,Upper Clark Fork River, Fish

Birds, lead, metals

Water Quality, Modeling,Upper Arkansas River,Colorado, aquatic, metals

aquatic, invertebrates,metals, communitystructure, upper arkansas,biomonitoring

Invertebrates, Aquatic,Metals, Arkansas River,Colorado, bioaccumulation

arkansas river, metals,invertebrates, streams,aquaticMetals, Transport, UpperArkansas River Basin, AcidMine Drainage, St. KevinGulch, Colorado

Metals, Transport, AcidMine Drainage, Leadville,Colorado, St. Kevin Gulch

Metals, Transport, AcidMine Drainage, UpperArkansas River, Colorado

^Page 24

Doc No;

D00157

D00158

D00348

D00527

D00524

D00485

D00160

D00246

D00052

D00340

D00477

..; •vor;:£S!v;:Tlt!«j. -:\:';/-;;. v£::-;;VvIn HBm Chemical Reactions ofAc^^wlne Water Entering a NeutralStream Near Leadville, Colorado

Research on Metals in Acid MineDrainage in the Leadville ColoradoArea

CNHP Memorandum RE: PublishingSub-committee Meeting Minutes, andResults

Montane Riparian Vegetation inRelation to Elevation andGeomorphology Along the Cache laPoudre River, Colorado (ThesisAbstract Only)

Five Elements for EffectiveEvaluation of Stream Restoration

The Effects of Natural Exposure toHigh Levels of Zinc and Cadmium inthe Immature Pony as a Function ofAge

Bibliography of Selected water-Resources Information for theArkansas River Basin in ColoradoThrough 1985

Assessment of Heavy MetalsPollution in the Upper ArkansasRiver of Colorado

Estimating the Number of Animalsin Wildlife Populations

Geosynthetically ReinforcedVegetation: A Soft ArmorAlternative to Riprap

Gold Mining Effects on HeavyMetals in Streams, CircleQuadrangle, Alaska

!v- ,•";:" /-V/v ••Airthor -;.'•;• ; Vv- ,:L "•Kimball, B.A., G.A. Wetherbeel

Kimball, B.A., K.E. Bencala,D.M. McKnight

Kittel, G.M.

Kittel, G.M.

Kondolf, G.M.

Kowalczyk, D.F., D.E. Gunson,C. R. Shoop, and C.F. RambergJr.

Kuzmiak, J.M. and H.H.Strickland

LaBounty, J.F., J.J.Sartoris, L.S. Klein, E.F.Monk and H.A. Salman

Lancia, R.A., J.D. Nichols,and K.H. Pollock

Langford, R.

LaPerriere, J.D., S.M.Wagener, and D.M. Bjerklie

Jater

Hfi~

1989

1996

1994

1995

1986

1994

1975

1994

1996

1985

; '•<.'"^-} "^Reference A .'.- \-'~''^"-i

U.S. Geological Survey ToxicSubstances Hydrology Program- -Proceedings of the TechnicalMeeting, Phoenix, Arizona,September 26-30. WaterInvestigations Report 88-4220

U.S. Geological Survey ToxicSubstances Hydrology Program- -Proceedings of the TechnicalMeeting, Phoenix, Arizona,September 26-30, WaterInvestigations Report 88-4220

Colorado Natural HeritageProgram 4/15/96

Unpublished Thesis,University of Wyoming,Laramie, WY.

Restoration Ecology 3(2):133-136.

Environmental Research 40:285-300

U. S. Geological Survey incooperation with theSoutheastern Colorado WaterConservancy District, Denver,Colorado, Open-File Report 94-331

U. S. Bureau of Reclamation,Engineering and ResearchCenter, Denver, CO, ERC-75-5

In: T.A. Bookhout, ed.Research and managementtechniques for wildlife andhbitats. Fifth ed. TheWildlife Society, Bethesda,Md.

Land and Water July/August1996


, v; .; v /,:Key Wordsr ; y-' J

Metals, Transport, Acid ^^HMine Drainage, Water ^^BQuality, Leadville,Colorado, St. Kevin Gulch,Upper Arkansas River

Metals, Transport, UpperArkansas River, Leadville,Colorado

Riparian Task Force,Publishing Sub-committee,Riparian Booklet

riparian, habitat,vegetation, river,elevational gradient

restoration, stream, river,monitoring.

terrestrial, horse, metals,smelter, plants, lameness,tissues, trace elementnutrition, osteochondrosis,mammals

Bibliography, ArkansasRiver Basin

Heavy Metals, contaminants,Upper Arkansas River,Colorado

terrestrial wildlife,populations

Geosynthetic, Vegetation,Riprap, terrestrial

placer mining, waterquality, metals, aquatic,stream, alaska

Page 25

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D00163

D00614

D00164

D00165

D00591

D00168

D00166

D00535

D00412

D00167

D00496

D00499

•-..-." ••i'---,'p.;-3.-':s!W-'.::?rT|»|a'.-'i-~: nV*?i.l- «>.. •':.;.";:!:.: ;.-*,;;5;:;-,jLl :€?;"? T 'M--.:--:- ££?Relationships Among Observed MetalConcentrations, Criteria, andBenthic Community StructuralResponses in 15 Streams

Copper, Zinc, and CadmiumConcentrations in Peromyscusraaniculatus Samples Near anAbandoned Copper MineClear Creek Basin: The Effects ofMining on Water Quality and theAquatic Ecosystem

Heavy Metal Contamination in Soilsand Plant Species of the ArkansasValley Near Leadville, Colorado

Distribution and Partitioning ofTrace metals in Contaminated SoilsNear Leadville, CO

Heavy Metal Contamination in Soilsand Plant Species of the ArkansasValley Near Leadville, Colorado

Aquatic Inhabitants of a MineWaste Stream in Arizona

How Does Streamflow Affect Metalsin the Upper Arkansas River?

Physical, Chemical, and BiologicalCharacteristics of PuebloReservoir, Colorado, 1985-1989

An Evaluation of Mining RelatedMetals Pollution in the UpperArkansas River Basin (Abstract)

Modelling Growth Responses ofRainbow Trout Fry as a Function ofTissue Copper Concentration andExposure Duration

Impacts of Smelter Emissions onVegetation - The Identification ofCausal Mechanisms

\ sft'. i' -A'' t bpr l&r -?^f-LaPoint, T. W., S. M.Melancon, M. K. Morris

Laurinolli, M., and L.I.Bendell- Young

Lehnertz, C.S.

Levy, D.B.

Levy, D.B., K.A. Barbarick,E.G. Siemer, and L.E. Sommers

Levy, D.B., K.A. Barbarick,E.G. Siemer, L.E. Sommers

Lewis, M.

Lewis, M.E. and M.L. Clark

Lewis , M.E. and P . Edelmarvn

Lewis, W.

Lipton, J., J. Marr, D.Cacela, J. Hansen, and H.L.Bergman

Lipton, J., K. Le Jeune, D.Cacela, H. Galbraith, T.Podrabsky

"jDatiL-i

1984

1996

1991

1990

1992

1989

1977

1997

1994

1987

1995

1995

^ ••5 - •"References ^ s -VJ'.-"'-•< --. ~:. "1" -.-'.^~ ' -''-JO . • ••".«.t->,--.;.\ -•''..-•. "-

Journal WPCF, 56 (9) :1030-1038

Archives of EnvironmentalContamination and Toxicology.30:481-486.

Colorado Division ofWildlife, March, 1991

Colorado State University,Fort Collins, Colorado, M. S.Thesis

Journal of EnvironmentalQuality 21(2)

Colorado State UniversityDepartment of AgronomyTechnical Report TR89-7

USDA Forest Service, RockyMountain Forest and RangeExperiment Station, ResearchNote, RM-849

USGS Fact Sheet FS-226-96


Colorado School of Mines,Golden, Colorado. M.S. ThesisT-3442

presented at the AnnualMeeting of Society ofEnvironmental Toxicology andChemistry


.-oSW '; Ke WoiSds s ;;; :i>;"-•Xk:-'. ..-•rtrj-Ai-.f/i— ; .XLj rS'-.-f <<.•;-:.••*Invertebrates, Aquatic,Metals, Criteria

metals, mines, mammals,terrestrial

Aquatic Biota, WaterQuality, Heavy Metals,Mining, Clear Creek,Colorado

Soils, aquatic, metals,vegetation, Leadville,Arkansas River, CaliforniaGulchMetals, Leadville, Soils,California Gulch,terrestrial

Soils, aquatic, metals,vegetation, Leadville,Arkansas River, CaliforniaGulchAquatic Biota, WaterQuality, mine waste

upper arkansas, metals,water, flow, water quality,arkansas river, downstream,aquaticpueblo reservoir,downstream, arkansas river,water quality, sediment,metals, phytoplankton

Heavy Metals, mining, UpperArkansas River

fish, copper, trout,aquatic, tissue, toxicity,growth, metals

smelter, emissions,vegetation, soils, metals,terrestrial

Page 26

, Doc No. : -

D00565

D00174

D00267

D00606

D00604

D00605

D005B5

D00170

D00495

D00447

D00171

.. •.•-•v :-:" -' -.-. l*fr ?« - fei£frfr£I ^ Bretive Report: Surface andGr B&rfater InvestigationCalifornia Gulch, Leadville,Colorado (do not have full report--only some results tables)

Summary of Metal Toxicity by Group

A brief history of the Yak Tunnel

Lead in mammals

Effect of soil pollution withmetallic lead pellets on leadbioaccumulation and organ/bodyweight alterations in small mammals

Hazardous exposure of ground-living small mammals to cadmiumand lead in contaminatedterrestrial ecosystems

Development and Evaluation ofConsensus -Based Sediment QualityGuidelines for FreshwaterEcosystems

Differences in RelativeSensitivity of Native and Metals-Acclimated Brown and Rainbow TroutExposed to Metals Representativeof the Clark Fork River, Montana

Acute Lethality andBioavailability of Copper in thePresence of Dissolved OrganicCarbon

Relative Sensitivity of Brown andRainbow Trout to Pulsed Exposuresof an Acutely Lethal Mixture ofMetals Typical of the Clark ForkRiver, Montana

Mycorrhizae: Fungal Tools forEstablishing Trees on Mined-Lands

•s,g 7 v> ,; Author; •.-;; .'.Vyp: .'•_Ljungberg, C. and M.L. Glaze M

Luckey, T.D. and B. Venugopal

Luke, J.

Ma, W

Ma, W.

Ma, W. , W. Denneman, and J.Faber

MacDonald, D.D., C.G.Ingersoll, T.A. Berger

Marr, J. C. A., H. L.Bergman, C. Hogstrand and J.Lipton

Marr, J., J. Lipton, A.Maest, D. Cacela, J.S. Meyer,J. Hansen, and H.L. Bergman

Marr, J.C., H.L. Bergman, M.Parker, J. Lipton, D. Cacela,W. Erickson, and G.R. Phillips

Marx, D.H. and C.E. Cordell

K3~

1977

1970s

1996

1989

1991

1999

1994

1995

1995

1995

•.? .'- y' ; ,: . -Reference -;-/.-•" '; V'--~-;

EPA Site ID COD-980 717-938,TDD # R8-8303-11

In Metal Toxicity in Mammals1: Physiologic and ChemicalBasis for Metal Toxicity.Plenum Press

Resurrection Mining Company,US v. ASARCO case file

Environmental Contaminants inWildlife: Interpreting TissueConcentrations. Beyer, W.N.,G.H. Heinz, and A.W. Redmon-Norwood (eds.) . pp. 281-296. SETAC SpecialPublication Series. LewisPublishers



Archives of EnvironmentalContamination and Toxicology

University of Wyoming,Department of Zoology andPhysiology, McMasterUniversity, Hamilton,Ontario, Canada andRCG/Hagler Bailly, Boulder,



Land and Water,July/August : 12-13

C,VV-vM.' ./Key Words .*;~.--''.-7;i|, ' •=•.-,--•, • • ; - . . ' - - • . . • ,-.---" .- H|

upper arkansas, metals, ^^Hwater, California gulch ^^W

metals, mammals, toxicity,heavy metals, terrestrial

Yak Tunnel, Leadville,mining

lead, metals, mammals

metals, bioaccumulation,mammals, terrestrial

metals, lead, cadmium,mammals, terrestrial

Sediment qualityguidelines, sediment,toxicity, metals, PAHs,PCBs, pesticides,freshwater, aquatic

Fish, Metals, Trout,Acclimation, aquatic

fish, copper, doc, aquatic,bioassay, toxicity, metals

clark fork, metals,aquatic, water quality, fish

Restoration, Mining,Mycorrhizae, fungi,terrestrial

Page 27

DpcNbftD00347

D00620

D00577

D00335

D00172

D00241

D00173

D00552

D00498

D00515

D00156

D00175

D00494

-: ^ >':" ^ Titiris 5®? >f v•? \ •• .~~ £'.":- ' •' 'V>v -*7«-~.v>> fL<'"-'"?".''--*v ::. "~":- ? '~-." r~J

Fish Kill Doesn't Sway the EPA

Tissue Residues o£ Dietary Cadmiumin Wood Ducks

Arkansas River Sediment and WaterQuality Assessment -Final Report

Hanford: Your Environment andYour Health

Behavioral Responses of LakeWhitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)to Cadmium During Preference-Avoidance Testing

Upper Arkansas Assessment

Conceptual Model and theDevelopment of a ContaminantTransport Model for Metals inCalifornia Gulch

Responses of Diatom Communities toHeavy Metals in Streams: theInfluence of Longitudinal Variation

Use of Geochemical and ToxicityModeling to Predict Lethality ofCopper in a Metals-Impacted Stream

Analytical Results Report forFocused Site Inspection: chalkCreek Watershed, Chaffee County,Colorado

Summitville Site Water QualityCharacterization and Modeling

The Effects of Hardness,Alkalinity and pH of Test Water onthe Toxicity of Copper to RainbowTrout (Salmo gairdneri)

Faded Glory

Matthews, M.

Mayack, L.A., P.B. Bush, O.J.Fletcher, R.K. Page and T.T.Fendley

McCulley, Frick, & Oilman,Inc . for Rocky MountainConsultants

McMakin, Andrea, and MindyStrong

McNicol, R. and E. Scherer

McNicoll, C., D. Gilbert, W.Hann, L. Klock, D. Long, M.Rowan, M. Sugaski

Medine, A.J.

Medley, C.N. and W.H. Clements

Meyer, J.S., D. Beltman, A.Maest, J. Marr, J. Lipton, C.Cors, D. Cacela, and R. MacRae

Miller, J.

Miller, S.H., D.J.A. Van Zyl,McPherson, P.

Miller, T. G. and W. C. Mackay

Miniclier, K.

iVDafcr*

1996

1981

1990

1995

1991

1999

1994

1998

1995

2000

1995

1980

1996

•.; i ' y "f • ?f-^Rtt!$P&%£-¥*i&&:'£

High Country News: 4/29/96

Archives of EnvironmentalContamination and Toxicology10: 637-645

McCulley, Frick & Oilman,Inc. Boulder, Colorado

U.S. Dept . of Energy, PacificNorthwest Laboratory,Washington


U.S. BLM, Royal GorgeResource Area, Leadville andSalida Ranger Districts Pikeand San Isabel National Forest

Cal Gulch Superfund SiteDraft Technical Memorandum



URS Operating Services, Inc.for U.S. EPA, CERCLIS ID #C00006875906

Colorado Geological Survey;Special Publication 38;Proceedings: SummitvilleForum '95

Water Research 14:429-433

14 April 1996, The DenverPost, Empire Magazine

^ g Ke rtf s;Fish Kill, EPA, Mining,Sediments, Toxic, ClarkFork River, Montana

Cadmium, wood ducks,tissues, metals, birds

arkansas River, waterquality, metals,contaminant, yak tunnel,aquatic

Hanford, Environment,Health, Washington

Fish, cadmium, metals,aquatic

Upper Arkansas River,watershed, fish, habitat,wildlife

Metals, Transport, UpperArkansas River Basin,California Gulch

metals, diatoms, rockymountains, water quality,benthic, longitudinalvariation, elevation,aquatic

copper, metals, aquatic,fish, toxicity

arkansas river, metals,soils, sediment, waterquality, water, ground-water

water quality, Summitville,copper, metals

Fish, Metals, Trout,Copper, pH, toxicity,alkalinity

leadville, history, mining

Page 28

-Doc-No.'-.

D00177

D00176

D00178

D00181

D001B2

D001B3

D00180

D00179

D00567

.-;; '-.:.;-c-:j :ntie/ ;-vv-,./y-:--.Ef ^ V of Metal -Mine Drainage onWa^Hûality in Selected Areas ofColorado, 1972-73

Variations in Metal Content of theKerber Creek Drainage, Colorado:An Area Affected by Mining

Final Report for Lead Slag PileRemedial Investigation at theCalifornia Gulch Site Leadville,Colorado (Administrative Order onConsent CERCLA-VII-92-06) , Volume1 of 3

Final Report for Lead Slag PileRemedial Investigation at theCalifornia Gulch Site Leadville,Colorado (Administrative Order onConsent CERCLA-VII-92-06), Volume2 of 3

Final Report for Lead Slag PileRemedial Investigation at theCalifornia Gulch Site Leadville,Colorado (Administrative Order onConsent CERCLA-VII-92-06), Volume3 of 3

Final Report for Zinc Slag PileRemedial Investigation at theCalifornia Gulch Site Leadville,Colorado (Administrative Order onConsent CERCLA-VIII-92-06) ,Appendices

Final Report for Zinc Slag PileRemedial Investigation at theCalifornia Gulch Site Leadville,Colorado (Administrative Order onConsent CERCLA-VIII-92-06), Volume1 of 2

Final Report for Zinc Slag PileRemedial Investigation at theCalifornia Gulch Site Leadville,Colorado (Administrative Order onConsent CERCLA-VIII-92-06) , Volume2 of 2

Reconnaissance Investigation ofWater Quality, Bottom Sediment,and Biota Associated withIrrigation Drainage in the MiddleArkansas River Basin, Colorado andKansas, 1988-89

•"' •••-.- ~ -VV,:v':v.-!Autho_r.- -.,-; ';.-••. >-•- ;_•'.-•• ' * "''• J- • ' •'''' :' •" *' '• "•"• '• •'•"•'Moran, R.E. and D.A. Wentz j

Moran, R.E. and D.A. Wentz

Morrison Knudsen Corporation






Mueller, O.K., L.R. DeWeese,A.J. Garner, and T.B. Spruill

gw1974

1992

1992

1992

1992

1992

1992

1991

•' >„'>.-.-." Reference ; -'V -•.'•-"•"*• '. '. .- • ' ' -: •.'.'-:.- -(," ; •-. " . ' '.:•-.. ;' •

U. S. Geological Survey inCooperation with the ColoradoWater Pollution ControlCommission, Denver, Colorado,Colorado Water ResourcesCircular No. 25

U. S. Geological Survey,Denver, Colorado,Proceedings: InternationalSymposium on Water-RockInteraction Czechoslavakia

Denver & Rio Grand WesternRailroad Company, December11, 1992





Denver t Rio Grand WesternRailroad Company, December11, 1992

U.S. Geologic Survey, Water-Resources InvestigationsReport 91-4060

."••. -•;:::•- --; Key Words '^••\:^-i.--lf.\••,- -.:-.-. .:••'. ''•-^••: .•'.,- • "'-JmWater Quality, metals, i Hmining, Arkansas River, ^HCalifornia Gulch ^1

Metals, Transport, AcidMine Drainage, WaterQuality, Colorado, aquatic,Kerber Creek

RI/FS, lead, metals,California Gulch,Leadville, Colorado

RI/FS, lead slag, metals,California Gulch,Leadville, Colorado



RI/FS, zinc, metals,California Gulch,Leadville, Colorado

RI/FS, zinc, metals,California Gulch,Leadville, Colorado

water, birds, metals,pueblo reservoir, sediment,

Page 29

Doc No. •

D00350

D00161

D00422

D00184

D00629

D00327

D00342

D00185

D00186

D00187

D00382

D00374

^ . . ^ g? ':i/ritle: i:« fer %.• ;• -..-- .+ .3-,? .'..•?.:/.'• ,'!--•* .--.•;•-• f-?.£*X-z>'-<?\ :•*-.£••, ••*•>•-.'Evaluation of Lead in Sediment andBiota, East and West Page Swamps,Bunker Hill Superfund Site, Idaho(1019.3180)

Metals in Soft Tissues of MuleDeer and Antelope

The Effects of Flow Augmentationon Channel Geometry of theUncompahgre River

Arsenic (Cover Only)

Mineral Tolerance of DomesticAnimals (cadmium, copper, lead,zinc)

Contaminants and Tree Swallows inthe Fox River Drainage, Green Bay,Wisconsin

Influence of Metal Concentrationsand pH on the Toxicity ofContaminated Floodplain Soils,Grant -Kohrs Ranch N.H.S., Montana

Prediction of Toxicity ofSediments Containing ComplexContaminant Mixtures

Seasonal Effects of the McLarenTailings on Soda Butte Creek andYellowstone National Park, Montana

The Potential for BiologicalEffects of Sediment-SorbedContaminants Tested in theNational Status and Trends Program

Upper Arkansas River VegetationAssessment

Determination of Population-limiting Critical SalmonidHabitats in Colorado Streams Usingthe Physical Habitat SimulationSystem

'^^^^^^^^^^^Mullins, W.H., S.A. Burch

Munshower, P.F., and D.R.Neuman

Mussetter, R.A. and M.D.Harvey

National Academy of Science,Committee on Medical andBiologic Effects ofEnvironmental Pollution

National Academy of Sciences,subcommittee on MineralToxicity in Animals

National Biological Service




National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration

Natural ResourcesConservation Service

Nehring, B.R., and R.M.Anderson

iSateJ-

1994

1979

1995

1977

1980

1995

1995

1995

1995

1990

1997

1993

!r ^ /yi feren 5 p|U.S. Fish and WildlifeService, Memorandum,Portland, Oregon

Bulletin of EnvironmentalContaminant Toxicology

unpublished report

National Academy of Sciences,Washington, D.C. 332 pp.

Mineral Tolerance of DomesticAnimals

U.S. National BiologicalService, NBS InformationBulletin

U.S. National BiologicalService, NBS InformationBulletin No. 29

U. S. National BiologicalService, U. S. Department ofthe Interior, NBS InformationBulletin, No. 23 1995

U. S. National BiologicalService, U. S. Department ofthe Interior, NBS InformationBulletin, No. 25 1995

National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration,National Ocean Service, NOAATechnical Memorandum NOS OMA52, Seattle, Washington

NRCS Report, NRCS Alamosa, CO

Rivers 4:1-19

^•f/X^f&lfyWo^g^^'SLead, Sediment, Biota,Swamps, Idaho, Bunker Hill,metals

heavy metals, mammals, muledeer, antelope

geomorphology, flows,hydraulic, hydrology,channel stability, erosion,flow augmentation

Heavy Metals, arsenic

mammals, toxicity, metals,cadmium, copper, lead, zinc

Birds, Tree Swallows,Contaminants, Sediments,Wisconsin, Green Bay, PCB,terrestrial

Metals, pH, Toxicity,Contamination, Floodplain,Soils, Montana, terrestrial

Sediments, Metals, Model,Contaminants, Pore Water

Aquatic Biota, Mining,Montana, Heavy Metals

Sediments, Metals,Contaminants, Effects,Aquatic Biota

vegetation, riparian,arkansas river, lakecounty, terrestrial

Brown Trout, HabitatLimitations, Instream Flow,Rainbow Trout, aquatic, fish

Page 30

Doc No.

D00441

D00372

D00288

D00575

D00633

D00189

D00568

D00194

D00558

D00384

D00390

•-^.^^y --• , :Title: -.!j-.;U.vr-'.:V-.-• •j,.. -;-.---- •-- -•• ' ± •~:T~:t*:- •' . •/î-

Ar ^ Buation of the PossibleIm^MK of Heavy Metal Pollutionon the Brown Trout Population ofthe Upper Arkansas River

Stream Fisheries Investigations,Federal Aid Project F-51-R, Job 1.Fish Flow Investigations, Job 2.Wild Trout Introductions

Stream Fisheries Investigations,Federal Aid Project F-51-R, Job 1.Fish Flow Investigations, Job 2.Wild Trout Introductions, Job 3.Technical and ProfessionalPublications

Stream Fisheries Investigations,Federal Aid Project F-51-R, Job 1.Fish Flow Investigations, Job 3.Special Regulations Evaluations,Job 4. Wild Trout Introductions,Job 6 . Colorado River AquaticInvertebrate Investigations

Evaluation of 16 Years of TroutPopulation Biometrics in the UpperArkansas River

Stream Fisheries Investigations,Job Progress Report, Project F-51-R-6

Letter from NRCS to USFWS re:forage samples in Lake County

Aquatic Macrophytes of ShadowMountain Reservoir, Grand Lake,and Lake Granby, Colorado,Technical Report

Comparison of Two Sampling Methodsfor Measuring the Impact of Metalson Benthic Communities in aRegulated River

Leaf Pack Breakdown andMacroinvertebrate Colonization:Bioassessment Tools for a HighAltitude Regulated System?

Monitoring of Heavy MetalConcentrations in the ArkansasRiver Using Transplanted AquaticBryophytes

• '•• :-•;':. ' r- ; '" "iV" Author. >• -;^~- ./^ '-•;- •

Nehring, R.B. T

Nehring, R.B.

Nehring, R.B.

Nehring, R.B.

Nehring, R.B. and G. Policky

Nehring, R.B. and R. Anderson

Nelson, J.

Nelson, P.C.

Nelson, S.M.

Nelson, S.M.

Nelson, S.M.

;JB£.

1988

1989

1986

2002

1981

2001

1982

2000

1999

1996

_c .-;•;;'- -Reference -vj- '.uf""!'-SS:


Colorado Division ofWildlife, Ft. Collins,Colorado, Federal Aid in Fishand Wildlife Restoration JobProgress Report F-51

Colorado Division ofWildlife, Ft. Collins,Colorado, Federal Aid in Fishand Wildlife Restoration JobProgress Report F-51-R

Colorado Division ofWildlife, Ft. Collins,Colorado, Federal Aid in Fishand Wildlife Restoration JobProgress Report F-51-R

Colorado Division of wildlife

Colorado Division ofWildlife, Fish ResearchSection, Ft. Collins, Colorado

NRCS Letter to USFWS,February 13, 2001

Colorado State University,Fort Collins, Colorado,Department of Fishery andWildlife Biology, Master'sThesis

U. S. Bureau of Reclamation,Technical Service Center,Denver, CO. TechnicalMemorandum No. 8220-00-3

Environmental Pollution

U. S. Bureau of Reclamation,Technical Service Center,Denver, CO. TechnicalMemorandum 8220-96-18

-••;-.-> -'-..-'Keywords' ..,-- •.•Jj-.-.J-..*>: ;--.-- .: -••••-• -.....-. "• B

arkansas river, aquatic, ••!fish, metals, brown trout JIwater quality, contaminants]

Stream Fisheries, Flow,Trout, aquatic, fish

Stream Fisheries, flow,trout, fish

Stream Fisheries, Flow,Trout, AquaticInvertebrate, fish

Upper Arkansas River,trout, aquatic, heavymetals, fish

Fish, Colorado, aquatic,Arkansas River

forage, upper arkansas,lake county, terrestrial,metals

Wetland/Riparian,Vegetation, Macrophytes,Shadow Mountain Reservoir,Grand Lake, Lake Granby,Colorado, aquatic

invertebrates, benthic,tiyporheic, communitystructure, upper arkansas,metals, lake fork, aquatic

aquatic, invertebrates,metals, arkansas river,lake fork, bioassessment

aquatic, bryophytes,metals, water, arkansasriver, biomonitoring

Page 31

, Doc No/ '

D00237

D00551

D00195

D00392

D00386

D00391

D00563

D00383

D00385

D00191

D00192

•: ••• -v';.V v *- ' TltlifrlW". &:&i¥:'AJi"•:"...•„•• .-..:•, \' -.<>-3:'*>j-i"-S.'-.-:'l -s> i •;';•-•-«;£?"•'••.>;••••'.Observed Field Tolerance ofCaddisfly Larvae (Hesperophylaxsp.) to High Metal Concentrationsand Low pH

Progress Report for Upper ArkansasRiver Water Quality andMacroinvertebrate Studies, AppliedScience Referral Memorandum No. 92-2-1

An Assessment of RiparianEnvironmental Quality by usingButterflies and DisturbanceSusceptibility Scores

Aquatic MacroinvertebrateCommunities and Probable Impactsof Various Discharges, UpperArkansas River

Assessment of Leadville MineDrainage Tunnel Impacts on theUpper Arkansas River usingHyporheic Pot Samples

Distribution of AquaticMacroinvertebrates in Relation toStream Flow Characteristics in theArkansas River

Effects of Multiple Stressors onHyporheic Invertebrates in a LoticSystem- -DRAFT

Relationships Between Metals andHyporheic Invertebrate CommunityStructure in a River Recoveringfrom Metals Contamination

Relationships between Metals andHyporheic Invertebrate CommunityStructure in a River Recoveringfrom Metals Contamination

Results of MacroinvertebrateSurveys in the Upper ArkansasRiver Related to the LeadvilleMine Drainage Tunnel Discharge -1994

Selection of an Indicator Organismfor Biological Monitoring of MetalPollution on the Upper ArkansasRiver

>:w r/toh6 ":< > ' :•::: -wSos-f& -.y- .-vi«\-.:,.-.r<..s'._ •"•:-- ;viNelson, S.M.

Nelson, S.M.

Nelson, S.M. and D.C. Andersen

Nelson, S.M. and R.A. Roline








•' -•£?%••

1994

1991

1994

1995

1997

1996

2000

1999

1998

1994

1993

;:: ;,v;/,-;--;Trenc!Bfc::; $%g?

Journal of Freshwater Ecology9(2) :169-170

Progress Report, US BOR,Applied Science Referral MemoNo. 92-2-1

The Southwestern Naturalist39(2) 137-142


U. S. Bureau of Reclamation,Technical Service Center,Denver, CO. TechnicalMemorandum No . 8220-97-10


Ecological Research andInvestigations Group,Technical Services Center,Bureau of Reclamation,Denver, CO 80225

Hydrobiologia 397:211-226(1999)

0. S. Bureau of Reclamation,Technical Service Center,Denver, CO. TechnicalMemorandum No. 8220-98-7

U. S. Bureau of Reclamation,Denver Office

U. S. Bureau of Reclamation,Denver Office, AppliedSciences Referral MemorandumNo. 93-2-5

• ;£s£;2>#; ;;K«0fv°#f S >caddisfly, metals, pH, minetailings

upper arkansas, box creek,water quality, metals, lakefork, half moon, tributaries

Wetland/Riparian,Invertebrates, Butterflies,Bio-Monitoring, ColoradoRiver, Arizona, aquatic

aquatic, invertebrates,arkansas river, flow,water, hydrology

aquatic, invertebrates,metals, Leadville minedrainage tunnel, arkansasriver, water, east fork,

aquatic, invertebrates,flow, water, arkansasriver, hydrology

upper arkansas, lake fork,invertebrates, metals,regulated river, hyporheic,aquatic

aquatic, invertebrates,metals, arkansas river,water, east fork

aquatic, invertebrates,metals, arkansas river,water, east fork

Invertebrates, Aquatic,Metals, Upper ArkansasRiver, Leadville MineDrainage Tunnel

Invertebrates, Aquatic,Metals, Upper ArkansasRiver, Bio-Monitoring,Leadville Mine DrainageTunnel

Page 32

Doc No.

D00190

D00389

D00238

D00193

D00396

D00196

D00197

D00100

D00198

D00533

D00534

:• -••— ' :'- : : -TIHO .:- " -•-••-.-••.::• :•.-••• •- fc;— ' ''-•• •• — •••*-• ••^••--•.- - =.'..-V; ::V

Se ^ pbn of the Mayfly Rithrogenahag r as an Indicator of MetalPollution in the Upper ArkansasRiver

Results of MacroinvertebrateSampling on Lake Fork and SomeRecommendations for MonitoringDinero Tunnel Impacts on Lake Fork

Leaf Litter Breakdown in aMountain Stream Impacted by aHypolimnetic Release Reservoir

Use of Hyporheic Samplers inAssessing Mine Drainage Impacts

Assessment of Effects of AlteredStream Flow Characteristics onFish and Wildlife Part A: RockyMountains and Pacific NorthwestFINAL REPORT

Metals Mining and Milling ProcessProfiles with Environmental Aspects

The Fish Populations and Fisheryof the Upper Arkansas River 1977-1980, Final Report, Fryingpan-Arkansas Fish ResearchInvestigations

Effects of Suspended Sediments onAquatic Ecosystems

Metals in Riparian Wildlife of theLead Mining District ofSoutheastern Missouri

Influences of water and substratequality for periphyton in amontane stream affected by acidmine drainage

Effects of Stress from MineDrainage on Ecosystem Functions inRocky Mountain Streams

"v.-T/i1'?" ;'.'-• TAuthor - y •: 1/.4v-'J

;-::•..•--<::.: •-.«s-"'V-^ •-.:• ..•--•-• . « - - -

Nelson, S.M. and R.A. Roline |

Nelson, S.M. Nelson and R.A.Roline

Nelson, S.M., and R.A. Roline

Nelson, S.M., R.A. Roline,A.M. Montana

Nelson, W., G. Horak, M.Lewis, J. Colt

Nerkervis, R. J. and J. B.Hallowell

Nesler, T.P.

Newcombe, C.P., D.D. MacDonald

Niethammer, R.D. Atkinson,T.S. Basket t, and F.B. Samson

Niyogi, D., D.M. McKnight,and W.M. Lewis Jr.

Niyogi, D.K.

1996

2000

1993

1976

1976

1982

1991

1985

1999

1999

-,-'•'••' ;'';'f. '-Re^l*n<-erv:-'K:X- - .-'."•Journal of FreshwaterEcology 8 (2) : 111-119

U. S. Bureau of Reclamation,Technical Service Center,Denver, CO. TechnicalMemorandum No. 8220-96-17

Journal of Freshwater Ecology15(4) :479-490

Journal of Freshwater Ecology8 (2) :103-110

US FWS Biological ServicesProgram FWS/OBS-76/29

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Office ofResearch and DevelopmentIndustrial EnvironmentalResearch Laboratory ResearchTriangle Park, N.C.

U. S. Bureau of Reclamation,Contract No. 7-07-83-V0701

North American Journal ofFisheries Management 11:72-82


Limnol . Oceanogr. 44(3 part2) :804-809

Ph. D. Dissertation,University of Colorado,Boulder, CO

:---.:.-•-• •>• --Key Words.--;:.'-: .'..v-J,?• :.-.-. ..., ,.*,-*-.•;; -:. .-_-... v,.-.:'-rg*|Invertebrates, Aquatic, ^^BMetals, Upper Arkansas |lRiver, Colorado, LeadvilleMine Drainage Tunnel

aquatic. Lake Fork, metals,Dinero Tunnel, arkansasriver, invertebrates, water

aquatic, invertebrates,leaves. Lake Fork, ArkansasRiver

Invertebrates, Aquatic,Metals, Sediments, UpperArkansas River, Colorado,Leadville Mine DrainageTunnel

stream flow, aquatic, fish

Heavy Metals, mining

USER, fish, Upper ArkansasRiver, aquatic, metals

sediments, aquatic,

Wetland/Riparian, Lead,Cadmium, Zinc, WadingBirds, Amphibians,Reptiles, Missouri, metals,terrestrial

st. Kevin's gulch, upperarkansas, acid minedrainage, periphyton, waterquality, metals, mining,

upper arkansas, metals,water, st. Kevin's gulch,acid mine drainage, waterquality, mining, ecosystemfunctions

Page 33

-Doc No. >

D00561

D00188

D00381

D00380

D00131

D00410

D00621

D00008

D00199

D00546

D00562

Experimental Diversion of AcidMine Drainage and the Effects on aHeadwater Stream

California Gulch Project: yakTunnel Connections and Geology

Identifying and Setting Priorityfor Riparian Wetland RestorationSites: Upper Arkansas RiverBasin, CO

Description of Physical(Hydrologic/Geomorphic)Characteristics: Upper ArkansasRiver Basin, CO

Identifying Sites for RiparianWetland Restoration: Applicationof a Model to the Upper ArkansasRiver Basin

Water-Quality Assessment of theArkansas River Basin, SoutheasternColorado, 1990-93

Epidemiology of Lead Poisoning inAnimals

Haematological Parameters asPredictors of Blood Lead andIndicators of Lead Poisoning inthe Black Duck (Anas rubripes)

Molybdenum

Various Water Rights in theLeadville Area Memo

Zinc Toxicity Thresholds forImportant Reclamation GrassSpecies of the Western UnitedStates

'. ttrr' pAirthor sb j V v\ 3-•fc-L-V/v iM-. :,;*1: v-r^-1 '-jA'; <-.,;:;. VrNiyogi, D.K., D.M. McKnight,W.M. Lewis, and B.A. Kimball

Noble, Alan C.

O'Neill, M.P.

O'Neill, M.P., J.C. Schmidt,C.P. Hawkins, J.P.Dobrowolski, and C.M.U. Neale

O'Neill, M.P., J.C. Schmidt,J.P. Dobrowolski, C.P.Hawkins, C.M.U. Neale

Ortiz, R.F., M.E. Lewis, andM.J. Radell

Osweiler, G.D., G.A. VanGelder, and W.B. Buck

Pain, D.J.

Parker, G.A.

Parkville Water District

Paschke, M.W., E.F. Redente,and D . B . Levy

*$$£*1999

1985

1997

1997

1997

1998

1978

1989

1986

1986

2000

4"'-%' > , ';R#ererice ;.:: £ry<: -_?.•. :'_::;r i.:1?.:' .-!.-..• •?£?:•?•" ,'••-•'• ..••PiW.".-Li?:. ":in Morganwalp, D.W. andBuxton, H.T., eds., USGeologic Survey ToxicSubstances Hydrology Program- -Proceedings of the TechnicalMeeting, Charleston, SC,March 8-12, 1999- -Volume 1 of3--USGS Water-ResourcesInvestigations Report 99-4018A, p. 123-130

California Gulch Case FileBox 4 Of 136

Final Report submitted to EPAWetlands Research Branch

Interim Report submitted toEPA Wetlands Research Branch

Restoration Ecology 5(4S):85-102


In Toxicity of Heavy metalsin the Environment. Oehme,F.W. (ed.) pp. 143-171

Environmental Pollution 60:67-81

In: The Handbook ofEnvironmental Chemistry, Vol3 Part D, AnthropogenicCompounds, ed. D. Hutzinger,Published by Springer -Verlag

Asarco Memo


ps ^ UKepVbiys f JjSjr;<•" -~ry~'s;'-'-~:- -:•'• * ";v V7~1:*. ?::'1?~:.l ?' '--vst. kevin gulch, metals,water, upper arkansas,tracers, algae, pH, acidmine, aquatic

Yak Tunnel, geology. Ironhill

riparian, water, flow,arkansas river, wetlands,aquatic

hydrology, flow, water,arkansas river,geomorphology, aquatic

Upper Arkansas River,riparian, wetland,restoration

water quality, arkansasriver, metals, traceelements, sediment

Lead, mammals, metals,terrestrial

lead poisoning, metals,slood, birds

Metals, Molybdenum

water rights, upperarkansas, parkville waterdistrict, ditches

reclamation, grasses,terrestrial, metals, zinc,phytotoxicity, riskassessment, restoration,vegetation

Page 34 3

Doc No.

D00559

D00560

D00607

D00615

D00398

D00526

D00506

D00425

D00426

D00254

D00395

D00378

D00424

• ^=r ...v- -.'.:-:• _ Title •;• ':. ; /-•- :-••.--; :;v.•- J ^ K. ':: ' : • . • - • • • - • • - •,-•.'*- :"•.(_- : . .

Ef ^ p of Acidic Recharge onGroW^Water at the St . KevinGulch Site, Leadville, Colorado

Planning and Implementation of aComprehensive Ecological RiskAssessment at the MilltownReservoir-Clark Fork RiverSuperfund Site, Montana

Bioavailability of metals andarsenic to small mammals at amining waste-contaminated wetland

Food Chain Analysis of Exposuresand Risks to Wildlife at a Metals-Contaminated Wetland

Characterization of EcologicalRisks at the Milltown Reservoir-Clark Fork River SedimentsSuperfund Site, Montana

Grazing History and OverstoryCanopy Affect Understory Diversityin a Montane Riparian Ecosystem(Thesis Abstract Only)

Mechanisms of GroundwaterContamination at a FluvialTailings Site, Leadville, Colorado

Fisheries Inventories: UpperArkansas Basin, 1996

Fisheries Inventories: UpperArkansas Basin, 1997

Brown Trout Survey Results forArkansas River - 1993, 1994, 1995

Fisheries Inventories Data: UpperArkansas Basin, 1999

Fisheries Inventories, UpperArkansas River Basin

Fisheries Inventories: UpperArkansas and South Platte Basins,1994

.-.:r"'j-; .v-; -'• Author \_ ' -,. '.•-:"-

Paschke, S.S., W.J. Harrison,!and K. Walton-Day ™

Pascoe, G.A. and J.A.DalSoglio

Pascoe, G.A., R.J. Blanchetand G. Linder

Pascoe, G.A., R.J. Blanchet,G. Linder

Pascoe, G.A., R.J. Blanchet,G. Linder, D. Palawski, W.G.Brumbaugh, T.J. Canfield,N.E. Kemble, C.G. Intersoll,A, Farag, and J.A. DalSoglio

Peck, L.E.

Peebles, T.H.

Policky, G

Policky, G

Policky, G.

Policky, G.

Policky, G.

Policky, G.

1994

1994

1996

1994

1999

2000

1996

1997

1995

1999

1998

1994

;!••:?'••'•• :• •'•'•-;:r- Reference :-';i :-.,:'- •"••."•""C — .-:•-• : • ---* '• < "'•• " . "- -• •-..•<- •-.'- .

Journal of Geochemistry,Exploration, Environment,Analysis (in press)






Unpublished Thesis, ColoradoSchool of Mines, Golden, CO





State of Colorado, Departmentof Natural Resources, CDOW,Salida, CO


, _ •'- > .:,:.,„;• Key Words •;-.> :£. ?r l

upper arkansas, ^^Hgroundwater, st . kevin ^^Bgulch, metals, water,aquatic, acid mine drainage,

clark fork river,sediments, risk assessment,metals, water, wetlands

metals, mammals, wetland,mines, arsenic, terrestrial

metals, wetland, mammals,wildlife, terrestrial

aquatic, fish, clark forkriver, metals uptake,ecological risk, sediments

grazing, riparian, habitat,Colorado

arkansas river,groundwater, fluvial, 11-mile reach, tailings,water, metals, biosolids

fish, arkansas river, fishpopulations, aquatic


trout, fish, arkansasriver, populations, aquatic

fish, arkansas river,populations, aquatic

fish, arkansas river,aquatic


Page 35

Doc No..

D00126

D00202

D00608

D00442

D00338

D00326

D00203

D00204

D00205

D00209

D00208

Summitville Mine/Alamosa River:Livestock Exposure Investigation

Colloidal Properties ofFlocculated Bed Material in aStream Contaminated by Acid MineDrainage, St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado

The effect of heavy metals onpopulations of small mammals fromwoodlands in Avon (England) withparticular emphasis on metalconcentrations in Sorex araneus L.and Sorex minutus L

Direct Revegetation of MineTailing: A Case Study in Colorado

Status of Instream FlowLegislation and Practices in NorthAmerica

Work Area Management Plan for theCalifornia Gulch Superfund Site,Implementation by ResurrectionMining Company, Appendix D

Final Work Plan, Metal Speciationand Source CharacterizationCalifornia Gulch

The Transport of Heavy MetalsWithin a Small Urban Catchment

Dispersal of Heavy Metals fromAbandoned Mine Workings and TheirTransference Through TerrestrialFood Chains

Effects of Diversions on WaterQuality and MacroinvertebratePopulations in the Upper ArkansasRiver

The Effects of Heavy MetalsPollution of the Upper ArkansasRiver on the Distribution ofAquatic Macroinvertebrates

Ramsdell, H., S. Zylstra

Ranville, J.F., K.S. Smith,D.L. Macalady and T.F. Rees

Read, H.J. and M.H. Martin

Redente, E.F. and D.A. Baker

Reiser, D.W., T.A. Weshe, andC. Estes

Resurrection Mining Company

Resurrection MiningCompany/Camp Dresser & McKee

Revitt, D. M., R. S.Hamilton, and R. S. Warren

Roberts, R. D. and M. S.Johnson

Roline, R.A.

Roline, R.A.

VvDatiB^;1999

1988

1993

1996

1989

1992

1990

1978

1983

1988

•rAl' ' iJ.'Reterelic ?";; 1/;-?. -."V.C. "./.'•' f> ' • •':"*.• ••'•/.. £j;.,'"r' •. .'".•- '-.r "•,.- . . . .'.'v-' ' .

Department of EnvironmentalHealth and Center forEnvironmental Toxicology andTechnology Colorado stateUniversity


Chemosphere 27:2197-2211

In: Proceedings ofPlanning, Rehabilitation andTreatment of Disturbed Lands,7th Billings Symposium,Reclamation Research UnitPublication No. 9603, pp!83-191

Fisheries 14:22-29



The Science of the TotalEnvironment 93 (1990) 359-373

Environmental Pollutants 16:293-310

U. S. Bureau of Reclamation,Environmental SciencesSection, Applied SciencesReferral No. 83-2-18

Hydrobiologia 160:3-8

^W??:^y^.Xmi:;:Summitville, Alamosa,copper, metals, sheep,mammals, vegetation, soil

Metals, Transport, AcidMine Drainage, St. KevinGulch, Colorado, aquatic

metals, mammals, woodlands,terrestrial

tailings, idarado,revegetation, metals,reclamation, terrestrial,soils, soil amendments,plants

Legislation, Flow,Instream, aquatic

California Gulch,Resurrection MiningCompany, Asarco, EPA, RI ,Leadville, Arkansas River,Yak Tunnel, Contaminants,Metals

Heavy Metals, CaliforniaGulch

Metals, Transport

Metals, Transport, Mining,Terrestrial Foodchain

Invertebrates, Aquatic,Metals, Flow Modifications,Upper Arkansas River,Colorado

Invertebrates, Aquatic,Metals, Upper ArkansasRiver, Colorado

Page 36

Doc No.

D00210

D00212

D00627

D00401

D00213

D00583

D00440

D00439

D00373

D00214

"-. -••IvrvVTltle.- .:- ••:•--."-- -\ '^ .•:'.•• ^^^ . . -. . -M. -,•:.;. .': ...> - '...:, •He ^ Betals Pollution of theUppe^^rkansas River, Colorado,and Its Effects on theDistribution of Aquatic Macrofauna

Metal Retention by the SugarloafGulch Wetland, Lake County,Colorado - Abstract of Thesis

Ecological Risk Assessment for theTerrestrial Ecosystem; CaliforniaGulch NPL Site, Leadville, Colorado

Relative Importance of Water andFood as Cadmium Sources to thePredatory Insect Sialis velata(Megaloptera)

Contaminants, Fish, and Hydrologyof the Missouri River and WesternTributaries. In: Proceedings ofthe Symposium on RestorationPlanning for the Rivers of theMississippi River Ecosystem

Metals in Water: DeterminingNatural Background Concentrationsin Mineralized Areas

Plecoptera and Trichoptera SpeciesDistribution Related toEnvironmental Characteristics ofthe Metal-Polluted Arkansas River,Colorado

Chironomidae (Dipter) SpeciesDistribution Related toEnvironmental Characteristics ofthe Metal-Polluted Arkansas River,Colorado

The Canada Geese of SoutheasternColorado

Active-, Inactive-, and Abandoned-Mine Information and SelectedGeochemical Data for the State ofColorado

.'- .'.; ••,:•:- ,i ' : Author -V -<:-:-. ;.- •.'•. j-'Roline, R.A. and J.R. Boehmke j

Rowe, C.

Roy F. Weston, Inc. & TerraTechnologies

Roy, I. And L. Hare

Ruelle, R., R. Koth and C.Stone

Runnells, D.D. , T.A. Sheperd,E.E. Angino

Ruse, L.P. and S.J. Herrmann

Ruse, L.P., S.J. Herrmann,and J.E. Sublette

Rutherford, W.H.

Ryder, J.

te_

9^

1994

1997

1999

1993

1992

2000

2000

1970

1994

•'..•-' iv.v'- •'•-• Reference ";'.• ''-'^••--:-'U. S. Bureau of Reclamation,Engineering Research Center,Denver, Colorado, REC-ERC-81-15

Colorado State University,Department of EarthResources, Fall, 1994

US EPA Region 8, EPA WorkAssignment No. 04601-032;Document Control No. 4800-32-0118

Canadian Journal of Fisheriesand Aquatic Sciences 56:1143-1149

U. S. National BiologicalSurvey, Biological Report 19,October 1993

Environmental Science &Technology 26 (12) : 2316-2323

Western North AmericanNaturalist 60(1): 57-65

Western North AmericanNaturalist 60(11:34-56

Colorado Game, Fish and ParksDivision, Department ofNatural Resources, MigratoryBird Investigations, ProjectW-88-R, Federal Aid inWildlife Restoration

U. S. Geological Survey, Open-file Report 94-579, DisketteVersion, Denver, Colorado

-•• V. ;l ~: \ Keywords^ -'.. .> ' ;vj• >>; .-•- •' - - • -"•' •*""--. -:--'r H

Aquatic Biota, Upper ^HArkansas River, Colorado, ^HHeavy Metals, Water ^Quality, Contaminants

Wetland/Riparian, Metals,Lake Fork, Sugar Loaf,Upper Arkansas River,Colorado, aquatic

California Gulch, NPL site,risk assessment, Leadville,soils

aquatic, invertebrates,cadmium, metals uptake,metals

Fish, aquatic, MissouriRiver, metals, contaminants

metals, concentrations,mining, aquatic

arkansas river,invertebrates, aquatic,diptera, trichoptera,metals, sediments

arkansas river,invertebrates, aquatic,chironomidae, metals,sediments

Canada Geese, SoutheasternColorado, Hunting,Waterfowl, Arkansas RiverValley, Migratory Birds,terrestrial

Geochemistry, mining

Page 37

:-Dp.cNorD00520

D00434

D00584

D00216

D00215

D00631

D00632

D00217

D00027

D00218

Lincoln Park Superfund Site

Lincoln Park Superfund Site,Ecological Risk Assessment, Draft

Screening-Level Ecological RiskAssessment Operable Unit No. 4,California Gulch Superfund Site

Twin Lakes Colorado (PreliminaryReport) (Introduction Only)

Historical, Physical, and ChemicalLimnology of Twin Lakes, Colorado(Partial Article)

Derivation of Soil QualityCriteria Using Predicted ChemicalSpeciation of Pb and Cu

Chemical Speciation, Solubilityand Bioavailability of Lead,Copper, and Cadmium incontaminated Soils

Acute Oral Toxicity and Repellencyof 933 Chemicals to House and DeerMiceErythrocyte a-aminolevulinic aciddehydratase in birds. I. TheEffects of Lead and Other Metalsin Vitro

Biomonitoring of Lead-ContaminatedMissouri Streams with an Assay forErythrocyte ?-Aninolevulinic AcidDehydratase Activity in Pish Blood

S. M. Stoller Corporation,Boulder, CO, and Schager &Associates, Inc., Golden, CO

S.M. Stoller Corp. andSchafer & Assoc. for CotterCorp.

S.M. Stoller Corporation forResurrection Mining Company

Sartoris, J.J. and J.W. Yahnke

Sartoris, J.J., J.F. LaBountyand H. D. Newkirk

Sauve, S., A. Dumestre, M.McBride, and W. Hendershot

Sauve , S . F .

Schafer, E. W., Jr., and W.A. Bowles, Jr.

Scheuhammer, A.M.

Schmitt, C. J., M. L.Wildhaber, J. B. Hunn, T.Nash, M. N. Tieger and B. L.Steadman

a*fr(1998

1998

1996

1987

1977

1998

1999

1985

1987

1993

v ~S'&'&-:?' ' *L Rs rence"-- :' ;? ;;'-";:Ecological Risk Assessmentfor Cotter Corporation,Lakewood, CO

Ecological Risk Assessment

Ecological Risk Assessment,for Resurrection MiningCompany

U. S. Bureau of Reclamation,Denver Federal Center,Denver, Colorado

U. S. Bureau of Reclamation,Engineering and ResearchCenter, Denver, Colorado, REC-ERC-77-13, September 1977


bissertation presented to thefaculty of the GraduateSchool of Cornell Universityin Partial Fulfillment of theRequirements for the Degreeof Doctor of Philosophy


Toxicology 45:155-163

Archives of EnvironmentalContamination andToxicology 25:464-475

Lincoln Park, Cotter Mill,arkansas river, Canon City,tailings, uranium, radon,molybdenum, radioactivity,water, ground-water, soils,biota, vegetation, birds,mammals

lincoln park, ecologicalrisk assessment, arkansasriver, downstream, uranium,water quality, terrestrial,aquatic, sediment, soil,birds, mammals, metals,radionuclides

California Gulch, riskAssessment, Resurrection,Leadville, metals,tailings, soils,phytotoxicity

USER, aquatic, Twin Lakes

Water Management, TwinLakes, Colorado, Metals,Sediments, aquatic

lead, copper, soil quality,toxicology, free metalactivity, Speciation, metals

lead, copper, cadmium,soils, Speciation,bioavailability, metals

Mammals, Oral Toxicity,House Mice, Deer Mice,Metals

metals, birds, pH, blood

Fish, Metals, Lead, Bio-Monitoring, aquatic

Page 38

Doc. No.

D00220

D00221

D00573

D00482

D00222

D00223

D00224

D00225

D00609

D00226

D00505

-"•- :;-: : •' ; -Title*.-,"-- J> - '•:;;,- .-• - ^ »' " v '• - .•"••'r . ^•--••:*-- '.•; , - . - • •• ',-.---• ••

Ge ^ Bum, Tin and Arsenic inRaS^^ffects on Growth, Survival,pathological Lesions, and Life Span

pH-Dependent Toxicity of Cd, Cu,Mi, Ph, and Zn to Ceriodaphniadubia, Pimephales promelas,Hyalella Azteca and Lumbriculusvariegatus)

Status Report on Eutrema PenlandiiRollins as a result of FieldInvestigations in Park, Summit,Gunnison, Chafee, and Clear CreekCounties, Colorado in July andAugust 1991

Responses of Folsomia Fimetaria(Collembola: Isotomidae) to CopperUnder Different Soil CopperContamination Histories inRelation to Risk Assessment

Element Concentrations in Soilsand Other Surficial Materials ofthe Conterminous United States

Trace Metals in Ecosystems:Relationships of the Residues ofCopper, Molybdenum, Selenium, andZinc in Animal Tissues to Those inVegetation and Soil in theSurrounding Environment

Final Work Plan for theEngineering Evaluation/CostAnalysis for Stream Sedimentswithin Oregon Gulch Operable Unit10 (Partial)

Ingested Soil: Bioavailability ofSorbed Lead, Cadmium, Cesium,Iodine, and Mercury

Predicting cadmium, lead andfluoride levels in small mammalsfrom soil residues and by species-species extrapolation

Effects of Acid-Mine Drainage onthe Chemical and BiologicalCharacter of an Alkaline HeadwaterStream

Agronomic Investigations for theUpper Arkansas River RestorationProject -- Part 2 (year 2000)

-v.,:«vvv , /Author •*£;. ' :V.;4-- •..•- - .- - -.. - -.-v -.:••-....• = <: - ••-

Schroeder, H., M. Kanisawa, 1D. Frost and M. Mitchener

Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K. ,Joseph R. Dierkes, Philip D.Monson, Gerald T. Ankley

Schwendinger, R.B., G.K.Carlson, and C.O. Spielman,Jr.

Scott -Fordsmand, J.J., P.H.Krogh, and J.M. Weeks

Shacklette, H.T. and J.G.Boerngen

Sharma, R. P. and J. L. Shupe

Shepherd Miller,Inc . /TerraMatrix

Sheppard, S. C., W. G.Evenden and W. J. Schwartz

Shore, R.F.

Short, T.M., J.A. Black andW.J. Birge

Siemer, E.G.

jjr^^

1993

1991

2000

1984

1970

1994

1995

1995

1990

2000

^

•"":!;.;•..'' .; Reference... - _ : : . •- ..:

surnal of Nutrition 96:37-45

Environmental Toxicology, andChemistry 12:1261-1268

Report to USFWS, ColoradoField Office


U. S. Geological Survey,Profession Paper 1270

titan State University, Logan,Utah, Utah State UniversityAgricultural ' ExperimentStation Journal Paper No. 2037

Resurrection Mining Company,Denver, Colorado

Journal of EnvironmentalQuality 24:498-505 (1995)

Environmental Pollution88:333-340


Unpublished report

-•r; ;;-: '•:: '.Key-Words::, !; .;Ti.-..'.JMammals, arsenic, tin, ^^Hgermanium ^ 1

Invertebrates, Aquatic,Metals, pH, Toxicity

eutrema, penland alpine fenmustard, plants, mosquitorange, endangered species,upper arkansas, terrestrial

terrestrial, copper, soil,invertebrates, metals

Soils, Metals, terrestrial

Mammals, metals, copper,selenium, zinc, soil,vegetation, terrestrial,animals

Sediments, work plan,Oregon Gulch

Soils, Soil-Ingestion,Bioavailability, Metals,Contaminants, Lead,Cadmium, Cesium, Iodine,Mercury, terrestrial

metals, mammals, soil,terrestrial, cadmium, lead

Aquatic Biota, Metals,Effects, acid mine,sediments

arkansas river, vegetation,soils, 11-mile reach,grazing

Page 39

-Doc'Np.V

D00486

D00227

D00228

D00206

D00229

D00230

D00231

D00512

D00511

- yv." ••-'<••'";'•••;•.•' ; .'~<-i t'Tifle •"S'-'i-5"-""lf;''s- '-'* j 'jVK: '?.':•* :'~;?:^K'"'':!;2'--%-:»'-':}< .vW - tf ^ -•,•£''<••'-. -'?; «Agronomic Investigations for theUpper Arkansas River RestorationProject in 1999

Hydroxyl Radical Formation in St.Kevin Gulch, and Iron-Rich Streamin Colorado. In: U. S. GeologicalSurvey, Toxic Substances HydrologyProgram- -Proceedings of theTechnical Meeting, Phoenix,Arizona, September 26-30, 1988

Restoration of a Placer MinedTrout Stream

Transcript from Bernie SmithInterview regarding Hayden &Hallenbeck ranches

Water/Sediment Partitioning ofTrace Elements in a StreamReceiving Acid-Mine Drainage

Partitioning of Metals BetweenWater And Flocculated Bed Materialin a Stream Contaminated by AcidMine Drainage near Leadville,Colorado

Predictive Modeling of Copper,Cadmium, and Zinc PartitioningBetween Streamwater and BedSediment from a Stream ReceivingAcid Mine Drainage, St. KevinGulch, Colorado

Considerations of ObservationalScale when Evaluating the Effectof, and Remediation Strategiesfor, a Fluvial Tailings Deposit inthe Upper Arkansas River Basin,Colorado

Evaluating the Effects of FluvialTailings Deposits on Water Qualityin the Upper Arkansas River Basin,Colorado: Observational ScaleConsiderations

Siemer, E.G.

Sigleo, A. C., K. M.Cuningham, M. C. Goldberg andB.A. Kimball

Skidmore, P.B.

Smith, B., M.R. Nivens

Smith, K.S. and D.L. Macalady

Smith, K.S., D.L. Macaladyand P.H. Briggs

Smith, K.S., J.F. Ranvilleand D.L. Macalady

Smith, K.S., K. Walton-Day,and J.F. Ranville

Smith, K.S., K. Walton-Day,and J.F. Ranville

•J; patch;.

1999

1988

1995

2000

1992

1988

1991

1999

2000

'^^-^•^f^^ô^^--:.;]:^ûnpublished report


Land and Water July/August,1995

Lake County GovernmentTranscripts

Water-Rock Interaction,Proceedings of the 7thInternational Symposium onWater-Rock Interaction - WR-7/Park City/Utah/USA 13-18July 1992


U.S.G.S. Toxic SubstancesHydrology Program- -Proceedings of the technicalmeeting, Monterey California,March 11-15, 1991. WaterInvestigations Report 91-4034

In: Morganwalp, D.W. andBuxton, H.T. eds., U.S.Geological Survey ToxicSubstances Hydrology Program-Proceedings of the TechnicalMeeting, Charleston, SC, 8-12March 1999, Vol. I.

In: Proceedings from the 5thInternational Conference onAcid Rock Drainage, VolumeII. Published by the Societyfor Mining, Metallurgy, andExploration, Inc., Littleton,CO.

arkansas river, lakecounty, soils, plants,grazing, private lands,forage, vegetation

Metals, Transport, AcidMine Drainage, St. KevinGulch, Colorado, UpperArkansas River

Restoration, Mining, Trout,Montana, Cutthroat,aquatic, fish

Leadville, HallenbeckRanch, Hayden Ranch

Metals, Transport,Sediments, Acid MineDrainage, Upper ArkansasRiver Basin, Colorado, St.Kevin Gulch

Metals, Transport,Sediments, Acid MineDrainage, Leadville,Colorado, St. Kevin Gulch

Sediments, metals, acidmine, St. Kevin's Gulch

arkansas river, fluvial,tailings, 11-mile reach,metals, soils, waterquality, water, groundwater, remediation

arkansas river, fluvial,tailings, 11-mile reach,metals, soils, waterquality, water, groundwater, remediation

Page 40

Doc No.

D00475

D00510

D00320

D00556

D00232

D00233

D00234

D00544

D00235

D00619

D00436

- . .- - -' ; : '•:•• :U • v; ~ Titlef. - :- •- -C-. - ':-. ~^V ' -<^ ^ •••-- ..-•.' - . , '.;.--.: v ...-.••:.>. •.:..-. • -.-

Me ^ Jeaching through a FluvialTa M s Deposit along the UpperArkansas River, Colorado

Trends in water- leachable leadfrom a fluvial tailings depositalong the upper Arkansas River,Colorado

Metal and Arsenic PartitioningBetween Water and SuspendedSediment at Mine-Drainage Site inDiverse Geologic Settings

Arkansas River Water NeedsAssessment

Geochemical Maps of Copper, Lead,and Zinc, Upper Arkansas RiverDrainage Basin, Colorado

Behavior of Trace Metals inMountain Meadow Soils. In:Proceedings of the 3rdIntermountain Meadow Symposium,July 1-3, 1991, Steamboat Springs,Colorado

Toxicity and bioaccumulation ofCadmium and Lead in AquaticInvertebrates

Agenda: Mining, Forest & LandRestoration Symposium/Workshop

Main and Interactive Effects ofArsenic and Selenium on MallardReproduction and Duckling Growthand Survival

The Uptake and Effects of Lead inSmall Mammals and Frogs at a Trapand Skeet Range

Sampling Activities Report,College of the Canons

V'"-'-V •-•."•: :;.:: Author ". -.;..-:•,-••'•>••.• '.,'-:-.-:• ."-.• •'- ••- :.--.'•• -..'-•---:• .-...-.•;•<•'?Smith, K.S., P.J. Lamothe, JA.L. Meier, K. Walton-Day, 'and J.F. Ranville

Smith, K.S., S.J. Sutley,P.H. Briggs, A.L. Meier, K.Walton-Day

Smith, K.S., W.H. Ficklin,G.S. Plumlee and A.L. Meier

Smith, R.E. and L.M. Hill(eds.)

Smith, S.M.

Sommers, L.E., K.A. Barbarickand D.B. Levy

Spehar, R. , R.L. Anderson,J.T. Fiandt

Sponsors: Rocky Mtn. WaterEnvironment AssociationBiosolids Committee, EPA,USCOE

Stanley, T. R., J. W. Spann,G. J. Smith and R. Rosscoe

Stansley, W. , D.E. Roscoe

START, U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency

ate:

*

1998

1992

2000

1994

1991

1978

2000

1994

1996

1996

.• .'•-.'vX /-"'Reference. ::! ;•;* :•••--:- /-;

In Proceedings of the 6thInternational Conference onTailings and Mine Waste '99,Fort Collins, Colorado, 24-27January 1999: 627-632.Rotterdam: Balkema

In: Proceedings of the 5thInternational Conference onTailings and Mine Waste '98,Fort Collins, Colorado, 26-29January 1998: 627-632.Rotterdam: Balkema

Hater-Rock Interaction,Proceedings of the 7thInternational Symposium onWater-Rock Interaction - WR-7/Park City/Utah/USA 13-18July 1992

Bureau of Land Management ,Bureau of Reclamation, ForestService, and ColoradoDepartment of NaturalResources

U. S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 94-408

Colorado State University,Fort Collins, Colorado

Environmental Pollution 15:195

Agenda with Abstracts frompresentations



U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency

v ;;--;" Key Words' -..•-•':2-.-'V^. . :-:. . •".:.<.- >•-;•-: : ••-.•. ' :~ H

arkansas river, fluvial, ^Htailings, metals, water ^^Bquality, ground water

arkansas river, fluvial,tailings, metals, soils, 11-mile reach, water- leachable

Metals, Transport,Sediments, Copper, Arsenic,Zinc, Cadmium, Nickel,mining, drainage

arkansas river, water,recreation, naturalresources, water needs,hydrology, aquatic

Metals, Contaminants, UpperArkansas River Basin,Copper, Zinc, Lead,Geochemistry

Soils, Metals,Contaminants, UpperArkansas River, Leadville,Colorado

Invertebrates, cadmium,lead, aquatic

biosolids, restoration,remediation, mining,

Birds, Waterfowl, Metals,Arsenic, Selenium,Reproduction, terrestrial

Lead, mammals, terrestrial,forgs, metals

college of the canons,arkansas river, downstream,metals, smelter, soils

Page 41

Doc No.

D00522

D00324

D00377

D00239

D00339

D00514

D00240

D00502

D00454

D00242

D00610

D00453

-Cotter Corporation Uranium MillSite

Investigations on Impacts of HighRunoff on Flushing Sediments fromthe Arkansas River and theDissolution and Toxicity of Metalsfrom Sediments on Aquatic Life

Deposition of Cadmium in Tissuesof Coturnix Quail Fed Honey Bees

Vertebrate Abundance and WildlifeHabitat Suitability Near thePalmerton Zinc Smelters,Pennsylvania

Recent Developments in FederalWetlands Law: Part I

Flow Regime Limitations ofColorado Trout Populations:Perspectives for WatershedManagement

Trace Element Accumulation In theTissues of Fish From Lakes withDifferent pH Values

The Utility of Metal Biomarkers inAssessing the Toxicity of Metalsin the American Dipper (Cinclusmexicanus)

A Summary of Environmental StudiesDone in the Upper Arkansas Basinas They Pertain to StreambankErosion in the Area- DRAFT

Reconnaissance of Water Quality ofLake Henry and Lake MeredithReservoir, Crowley County,Southeastern Colorado, April -October 1987

Accumulation of cadmium in and itseffect on bank vole tissues afterchronic exposure

Metal Contamination of a HighAltitude Mountain Valley Meadowdue to Heavy Metal Mining of aWorld Class Ore Body

•H&. ::f ?" »:uthor:">;'4f- /:«J;J!-V:-:5«--i:T3i:-,%-i:':5- •'&:-• \± •^'i^*-.-^'^".'-*

State of Colorado/Cotter

Stednick, J.D.

Stoewsand, G.S., R.A. Morse,C.A. Bache, and D.J. Lisk

Storm, G., R. Yahner and E.Bellis

Strand, Margaret N.

Strange, E. M.

Stripp, R. A., M. Heit, D. C.Bogen, J. Bidanset and L.Trombetta

Strom, S.M.

Studzinski, M.

Sullivan, J.R. Jr.

Swiergosz, R., M. Zakrzewska,K. Sawicka-Kapusta, K. Bacia,and I . Janowska

Swyers, J.A.

••y?a*e1986

1994

1987

1993

1996

1998

1990

2000

1995

1993

1998

1990

;:;:';V;;f ^ lfer e : ; :f';:;

Administrative Record,Remedial Action Plan,Appendix A

Colorado State University,Department of EarthResources, Ft. Collins, CO

Bulletin of EnvironmentalContamination and Toxicology38:783-788


ELR News & Analysis, 6-96

Trout Unlimited, Boulder, CO

Hater, Air and Soil Pollution54:75-87, 1990


University College.

U. S. Geological Survey,Water -ResourcesInvestigations Report 91-4102


Dept . of EnvironmentalTechnology, Colorado MountainCollege, Leadville, Colorado.

<'•• ••;:&iV ":Key;W6rifc ;i 'H ;: • ~v- •••--• - ''vv.'*. •.-•;- ;-v; •-•.-/ ivv-.v.--l.''-rV-yk-.''rLincoln Park, Cotter Mill,arkansas river, Canon City,tailings, uranium, radon,molybdenum, radiation,water, ground-water, soils,biota, vegetation, birds,mammals

Runoff, Sediments, ArkansasRiver, Toxicity, Metals,Aquatic Life, Water Column

Cadmium, Coturnix Quail,Honey Bees, Metals,Contaminant, Insect, birds,terrestrial

Terrestrial Environment,vertebrates, metals,smelters

Wetlands, Federal Law,Clean Water Act, Section 404

flows, river, Colorado,watershed management, fish,trout, arkansas river,water, aquatic

Fish, Metals, pH, aquatic

birds, arkansas river,metals, aquatic,invertebrates, water, alad,biomarkers, dipper

arkansas river, metals,soils, water quality,erosion, lake county, flows,

Water Quality, UpperArkansas River Basin,Colorado, aquatic

mammals, cadmium, metals,toxicity, terrestrial

arkansas river, soils,Seppi, metals, terrestrial

Page 42

Doc No.

D00595

D00628

D00371

D00611

D00248

D00480

D00247

D00249

D00250

D00262

D00264

• • -^- ..-x.w-vjndflcV ,:.::>-,,:..>;v~-.•^^^---•. J-; . .. «.-, v^-^-r •.•.-•• ..-. ••.--.; '.;.--. -yTh ^ Bects of Mining on Mammalsof Be Coeur d'Alene River Basin,Idaho

Small Mammals as Monitors ofEnvironmental Contaminants

Biological Resource Inventory -Pueblo County

Appraisal of Ground Water in theVicinity of the Leadville DrainageTunnel, Lake County, Colorado

Dinero Tunnel Site, ProjectImplementation Plan-DRAFT

Interpretive Report- -Water Qualityand Sediment Chemistry, UpperArkansas River, Colorado: BedloadSediment Sampling Arkansas Rivernear Leadville Colorado

Review of Operations Fryingpan-Arkansas Project Colorado

Heavy Metal Effects on PlantGrowth as Related to AnimalNutrition

Special Report: Study of Effectson Plugging the Leadville DrainageTunnel

Ambient Water Quality Criteria forCadmium (Cover and Criteria)

Ambient Water Quality Criteria forLead

'•>'&,*.-*• •£---. . Author---- ,- •-••••>.:-•- -..'•:.•• -•-•,•••..•:., : - . •,.-..•••*• ' • '. .. .- ••.. -tSzumski, M.J. 1

Talmage, S.S. and B.T. Walton

Todd , D .

Turk, J.T., O.J. Taylor, USGS

U.S. Bureau of Reclamation



U.S. Bureau of Reclamation/E& A EnvironmentalConsultants, Inc.

U.S. Department of Interior



Jate.;

P"1991

1985

1979

1994

1993

1990

1982

1979

1980

1980

.: "Ui- --Reference •>_ : -::- .- '; -'.•.:•>•U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

In Reviews of EnvironmentalContamination and Toxicology.Hare, G.W. (ed.) Vol. 119

Colorado Division ofWildlife, Ft. Collins,Colorado for Department ofthe Army, Corps of Engineers,Albuquerque District,Albuquerque, New Mexico

USGS Open-File Report 79-1538

U. S. Bureau of Reclamation,Eastern Colorado Area Office,Great Plains Region, August,1994

unpublished report

U. S. Bureau of Reclamation,in cooperation withSoutheastern Colorado WaterConservancy District •


U.S. BOR, Geological Survey,Bureau of Mines

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Off.Water. Reg. and Standards,Criteria and StandardsDivision, Washington, D. C.,EPA 440\5-80-025

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Off.Water. Reg. and Standards,Criteria and StandardsDivision, Washington, D. C.,EPA 440/5-84-027

^> i gv Keywords V-vrJfclMining, mammals, Coeur ^^Hd'Alene, Idaho, metals, ^^Bterrestrial

mammals, metals,contaminants, cadmium,copper, lead, zinc.

Biological Resources,Pueblo County, Colorado,Corps of Engineers, FloodControl, invertebrates,aquatics, terrestrial,wildlife

Leadville Drainage Tunnel,Ground Water, CaliforniaGulch

Water Quality, Lake Fork,Sugarloaf, Dinero Tunnel,Upper Arkansas River,Metals, Contaminants,aquatic

arkansas river, sediments,water quality, metals,aquatic, invertebrates

Water Management , TwinLakes, Colorado, Metals,Sediments

Vegetation, Metals,Mammals, Human Health,Contaminants, terrestrial

Leadville Drainage Tunnel,Arkansas River, Mines,

Water Quality, cadmium,metals

Water Quality, metals, lead

Page 43

•DocNo.

D00263

D00356

D00261

D00435

D00357

D00365

D00260

D00251

D00253

D00259

D00427

•<T^m3&?mzm&*mÂmbient Water Quality Criteria forZinc (Cover and criteria only)

Arkansas River Basin Database andCIS Database Content Listing

California Gulch, Colorado SiteFact Sheet

College of the Canons SiteInspection Report

Colorado Department of HealthArkansas River Database and CISDatabase Listings

Draft RI/FS Work Plan, SmeltertownSuperfund Site

Drinking Water Regulations andHealth Advisories

Ecological Effects of Soil LeadContamination

Effects of Exposure to HeavyMetals on Selected Fresh Fish,Toxicity of Copper, Cadmium,Chromium and Lead to Eggs and Fryof Seven Fish Species

EPA Federal Center Library -Contaminants Search

Final Engineering Evaluation/CostAnalysis Feasibility Study:Smeltertown Superfund Site,Smelter Subsite

^

; ??l !w xi?v|.: yU.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency











-

V.DatiKt: -.-',: - :• •-1980

1994

1995

1995

1994

1993

1995

1992

1976

1995

1995

*_

;*?'.« "'p v. R e '& tv ' -i :<U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Off.Water. Reg. and Standards,Criteria and StandardsDivision, Washington, D. C.,EPA 440\5-80-079

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency Region VIIIHeadwaters Mining InitiativeCommittee in Conjunction withU.S. Fish and WildlifeService Colorado Field Office

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency


U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency Region VIII HeadwatersMining Initiative Committeein conjunction with U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service ColoradoField Office, September 1994

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, EPA Work AssignmentNo. 63-8LJ6, ARCS ContractNo. 68-W8-0112

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Office ofWater, Washington, D. C.,May, 1995

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, ToxicsIntegration Branch, Office ofEmergency and RemedialResponse

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency,Environmental ResearchLaboratory, Duluth, Minnesota55884 EPA-600/3-76-105,October 1976

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency Library

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, ARCS Contract No. 68-W8-0112, EPA Work AssignmentNo. 63-8LJ6

; : - ¥iiilKiyW[6rdsC'r%-V; -,f ;%•;

Water Quality, zinc, metals

Arkansas River, WaterChemistry, Fish,Invertebrates, Metals, CIS

California Gulch-General

college of the canons,arkansas river, downstream,metals, smelter, aquatic,air, sediment, waterquality, soils

Arkansas River Basin,Hardrock Mining, Smelting,water Quality, Fish,Sediment, Metals

RI, FS, SmeltertownSuperfund Site, Salida,Colorado, Zinc,Contamination, metals

Water Quality Standards,Drinking Water Regulations,Human Health

Soils, Metals, Lead,Effects, Bioavailability,Invertebrates, Plants,Mycorrhizae, Mammals,terrestrial

Fish, Metals, Effects,aquatic

Bibliography

Smeltertown, downstream,arkansas river, metals,remediation, smelting,ecological risk summary

^Page 44

. Doc No'.

D00429

D00430

D00438

D00431

D00257

D00256

D00416

D00368

D00101

D00504

•••--'-:•' :.--:-• A.?; Title \- -.'.••-"• --^^---.-.••k "•.'-••i.-/.'- -•--.-••• •.-•--..•..-, '. ,-.-•-••• '- :Fi ^ Kport Smelter town Super fundSiSMrcvestigation, Volume 1 of 3

Final Report Smeltertown SuperfundSite Investigation, Volume 2 of 3(Appendix A: XRF Final Report)

Final Report, Smeltertown SiteInvestigation II: Extended SiteCharacterization, Volume 1 of 4

Human Health Baseline RiskAssessment, Smeltertown SuperfundSite

Interpretive Addenda forCalifornia Gulch RemedialInvestigation, Leadville, Colorado

Phase I Remedial InvestigationReport, California Gulch,Leadville, Colorado

Proceedings of Public Meeting Re:Proposed Plan for the FormerKoppers Woodtreating Site,Smeltertown Superfund Site

Quality Assurance Project PlanSmeltertown RI/FS

Record of Decision (ROD) Abstracts-California Gulch

Responsiveness Summary to Commentson the "Work Plan", Upper ArkansasRiver Fluvial Tailings III - SoilAmendment Remediation Project

- - • -.--Author' -:..-!•;• -, ,- , - . - • - - • • . . - . . • • - -. • • _ • • • • - . . - . , . - . • . • : • • • • • • - : •

U.S. Environmental Protection jAgency










Date

•1993

1994

1995

1987

1987

1997

1993

1999

2000

;;-.. •'-.'; - ^Reference ...:rr> . . .'

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, EPA Work AssignmentNo. 4-650, Weston work OrderNo. 3347-34-01-5650-01, EPAContract No. 68-03-3482

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, EPA Work AssignmentNo. 4-650, Weston Work OrderNo. 3347-34-01-5650-01, EPAContract No. 68-03-3482

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, EPA Work AssignmentNo. 5-650, Weston Work OrderNo. 3347-35-01-6650-01, EPAContract No. 68-03-3482

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Contract No. 68-W8-0112, EPA Work Assignment No.63-8LJ6, CH2M Hill MasterProject No. RME68111

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, WA25.8V29.0

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, WA 53-8L29.0/W63781.R1, May, 1987


U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, EPA Work AssignmentNo. 63-8LJ6, ARCS ContractNo. 68-W8-0112

U.S. EPA website,http : //www. epa . gov/ super fund/sites/rodsites/0801478 .htm

Unpublished response tocomments

. •'•---• -'AKey Words' •-•••::-.-*J.VJJ•._-••.... : -!•••.<•- . - . - • t '."..•.:•.• '.jjgBj

Smeltertown, downstream, ^^Harkansas river, metals, ^Hremediation, smelting,soils, water quality,ground water

Smeltertown, downstream,arkansas river, metals,remediation, smelting, soils

smeltertown, arkansasriver, downstream, waterquality, metals, soils,aquatic, toxicity testing,smelter, fish

smeltertown, downstream,arkansas river, metals,remediation, smelting,soils, human health

RI/FS, California Gulch,Leadville, Colorado, metals

RI/FS, California Gulch,Leadville, Colorado

smeltertown, downstream,arkansas river, publicmeeting

RI, Hazardous Waste Sites,Smeltertown, Superfund Site

abstracts, CaliforniaGulch, record of decision,ROD

arkansas river, biosolids,vegetation, metals, soils,amendments, fluvial, 11-mile reach, tailings

Page 45

DooNp.

D00490

D00432

D00433

D00418

D00428

D00258

D00245

D00252

D00290

D00255

D00266

D00407

•Responsiveness Summary to Commentsto Alternatives Analysis UpperArkansas River Fluvial Tailings -Soil Amendment Remediation Project

Smeltertown Ecological RiskAssessment, Smeltertown SuperfundSite

Smeltertown Superfund Site,Consent Decree for RemedialDesign/Remedial Action for OU2

Smeltertown Superfund Site, Recordof Decision, 6/4/98

Smeltertown Superfund Site,Smelter Subsite RI , Volume ! Of II

Smeltertown, Colorado Site FactSheet

Summary, California Gulch,Remedial Investigation/ FeasibilityStudy

Tailings Pile Inventory ofCalifornia Gulch (SCAP) Site,Leadville, Colorado (cover only)

Upper Arkansas Fluvial TailingRemovals 2002 Interim Monitoringreport

Yak Tunnel Operable UnitFeasibility Study, CaliforniaGulch Site - Volume I and Volume II

Final Scoping Document, Strategyfor Development of the Work Planto Assess Pre-mining Geochemistry,California Gulch Study Area,Leadville, Colorado

1988 Leadville Mine DrainageTunnel Pilot Plant Studies: Acuteand Chronic Toxicity Results

A

?$*&} x£ /^f^foK^^r^f ¥• !











U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Roy F.Weston, Inc.

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, U.S. Bureau ofReclamation

I

iiBate

1999

1995

1999

1998

1994

1993

1983

1988

2002

1987

1992

1988

fe-

;••:.« -x£ K-.;' ;JReferehce} .-i->i -v ;&w:; i •!-.<:';-'-- :.oJv.---.-..;i'.->--!- ff!T~.' "\i -'•?*letter report to UpperArkansas River RestorationProject Core Team

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Contract No. 68-W8-0112, EPA Work Assignment No.63-8LJ6, CM2M Hill MasterProject No. RME68111



U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, ARCS Contract No. 68-H8-0112, EPA Work AssignmentNo. 63-8LJ6, CH2M Hill MasterProject No. RME68111

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency

U.S. EPA Region VIII,Superfund Program 83-C-2388

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency,Environmental MonitoringSystems Laboratory, LasVegas , Nevada

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency Region 8

CJ. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, WA 53-8L29.0/W63785.T1, June 1987

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, In:Remedial Planning Activitiesat Selected UncontrolledHazardous Substance DisposalSites in the Zone of RegionsVI, VII, and VIII, Arcs VI,VII, VIII

Unpublished Study Report

7 «:gi™ Key:yy f ggiiiarkansas river, fluvial,tailings, metals,remediation, 11-mile reach,soils, amendments, biosolids

Smeltertown, downstream,arkansas river, metals,smelting, soils, ecologicalrisk, water quality,aquatic, terrestrial,birds, mammals, plants,sediment

Smeltertown, consentdecree, arkansas river,downstream, remediation

Smeltertown, arkansasriver, rod, metals,downstream

Smeltertown, downstream,arkansas river, metals,remediation, smelting,soils, water quality,ground water

Smeltertown

RI/FS, California Gulch

California Gulch-General,tailings

fluvial tailings, mining,upper arkansas river,biosolids, lime, metals,groundwater

Yak Tunnel, CaliforniaGulch, RI/FS

Soils, California Gulch,Leadville, Colorado,geochemistry, work plan

Leadville Mine DrainageTunnel, toxicity tests,arkansas river

Page 46

; Doc No.

D00355

D00268

D00272

D00270

D00269

D00578

D00579

D00574

D00274

D00276

D00277

\.-.^^:f- •.","-•.'•-;"•'•• ™«.: V'v;... '-'..'.%•-.. -•'•••/•'-.'Di ^ H'ield Sampling Plan:SmSWrtown RemedialInvestigation/Feasibility Study

Final Baseline Aquatic EcologicalRisk Assessment: California GulchNPL Site

Minimal Program Requirements forSoil Sampling for the TerrestrialEcosystem Evaluation at theCalifornia Gulch Site, Leadville,Colorado

Minimum Program Requirements forField Surveys for TerrestrialEcosystem Evaluation at theCalifornia Gulch Site, Leadville,Colorado

Site Management Plan, Volume III,California Gulch NPL Site,Leadville, Colorado

Volume I, Site Management Plan,California Gulch, Leadville, CO

Volume II, Site Management Plan,California Gulch, Leadville, CO

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,Region 6, Policy on StreambedStabilization Projects

Greenback Cutthroat Trout RecoveryPlan, Final Greenback CutthroatTrout Recovery Team Submission-DRAFT

Lead Hazards to Fish, Wildlife,and Invertebrates: A SynopticReview (cover only)

Methods for the Assessment andPrediction of Mineral MiningImpacts on Aquatic Communities: AReview and Analysis

:"::"• '"••^^•Authprv.-;. -.••:;- '

U.S. Environmental Protection 1Agency/CH2M Hill "

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency/Roy F. Weston, Inc.






U.S. Fish and WildifeService, Region 6, Denver,Colorado

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service



J>ate

mf

1995

1991

1991

1991

1990

1990

2001

1995

1988

1978

'-.;j:'1.-:>\- :- Reference "; j '-A -U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, EPA Work AssignmentNo. 68-W8-0112

CJ. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, RegionVIII, Work Assignment No. 31-8L29, DCN 4800-31-0123

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, RegionVIII, Denver, Colorado DCN4800-01-0799

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Region VIII, Denver,Colorado DCS 4800-01-0793

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, RegionVIII, Denver, Colorado DCN4800-01-0666

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Region VIII, Denver,CO, DCN: 4800-01-0382

U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, Region VIII, Denver,CO, DCN: 4800-01-0382

U.S. Fish and WildlifeService, Region 6, Denver,Colorado

U. S. Fish and WildlifeService, Region 6, Denver,Colorado, Prepared andSubmitted by: GreenbackCutthroat Trout RecoveryTeam, 28 February 1995

U. S. Fish and WildlifeService, Biological Report85(1.14) , April 1988

U. S. Fish and WildlifeService, Office of BiologicalServices, Eastern Energy andLand Use Group, WorkshopProceedings, December 6-7,1977, April 1978, William T.Mason, Jr., Editor

•"* O' r-fvVKeyWofts- ;,-? j '^\

Smelt ertown, RI, ^^HFeasibility, Superfund, ^ 1Colorado Zinc Company,Beazers EastEcological Risk Assessment,Aquatic, Leadville,Colorado, Upper ArkansasRiver, California Gulch

Soils, California Gulch,terrestrial, Leadville

RI/FS, terrestrial,California Gulch

Management Plan, CaliforniaGulch, Leadville, CO

California Gulch,Leadville, Arkansas River,RI, Metals, Contaminants

California Gulch,Leadville, Arkansas River,RI, Metals, Contaminants

streams, stabilization,morphology, restoration

Fish, Trout, Cutthroat,Greenback, Recovery Plan,aquatic

Fish, aquatic, lead, metals

Aquatic Biota, Mining,Impacts Assessment

Page 47

'•"Doc-No:-'

D00370

D00487

D00280

D00279

D00333

D00278

D00281

D00282

D00063

D00465

D00468

D00469

D00472

?* '- i! !i PMl ?l;lvMTwo Forks Reservoir & William'sFork Gravity Collection SystemProjects Colorado

Clear Creek Reservoir Reclamationand Arkansas River Fish Kill: AReview and Evaluation of the Useof Rotenone

Assessment of the Trout Populationin the Upper Arkansas River Basinof Central Colorado

Compilation of Records of SurfaceWaters of the United Statesthrough September 1950

Summary of Discharge MeasurementData, Arkansas River, CO

Upper Arkansas Surf ace -WaterToxics Project Bibliography

A Colorado History (Cover Only)

A Colorado Reader (Cover only)

1998 Sampling and AnalysisReport : Upper Arkansas RiverMonitoring Wells, Leadville, .Colorado

Alternatives Analysis, UpperArkansas River Fluvial Tailings,Lake County, Colorado



Biosolids Sampling Plan, UpperArkansas Fluvial TailingsBiosolids Revegetation Project,Leadville, Colorado

3$^g$^$^g&*^?U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

U.S. Fish and WildlifeService for Colorado Divisionof Wildlife

U.S. Fish and WildlifeService with ColoradoDivision of Wildlife

U.S. Geological Survey



Ubbelohde, C., M. Benson,D.A. Smith

Ubbelohde, C., M. Benson,D.A. Smith

URS Operating Services

URS Operating Services, USEnvironmental ProtectionAgency




?pate-4

1987

1988

1993

1955

1996

1993

1995

1982

1999

1997

1999

1999

1998

^^îk^^^^^^^^nU.S. Pish and WildlifeService, Fish and WildlifeCoordination Report, Denver,Colorado

unpublished report

U.S. Bureau of Reclamation,Eastern Colorado ProjectsOffice, Loveland, CO

U. S. Geological Survey,Hater-Supply Paper 1311

U.S. Geological Survey, WaterResources Division, SummaryData

U. S. Geological Survey

Pruett Press, Boulder,Colorado 339p.

Pruett Press, Boulder,Colorado 342p.

URS, START EPA Region 8,Contract No. 68-W5-0031, TDDNo. 9702-0025



URS, START EPA Region 8,Contract No. 6B-W5-0031, TDDNo. 9702-0025


v " i!Key:-W6rais&Sa::.%?«, ft.-i .-.«.-.- ,:« QsViPi 'V.V. • Z i'«fe*1* !v-&4.;?--rTwo Forks Reservoir,William's Fork GravityCollection System,Colorado, Coordination,Biological Opinions

arkansas river, fish,aquatic, fish kill, trout,clear creek reservoir,rotenone

fish, trout, brown trout,arkansas river, metals,aquatic, water quality.Upper Arkansas River

Hydrology, Surface Water,Discharge Records, ArkansasRiver Basin, Colorado

Discharge, Arkansas River,Colorado, Malta, Leadville

Bibliography

Colorado History

Colorado History

Arkansas River, aquatic,wells, groundwater

arkansas river, tailings,metals, soils, 11-milereach, fluvial, amendments,revegetation, biosolids,remediation



arkansas river, tailings,metals, soils, 11-milereach, fluvial, groundwater, water quality,sampling

Page 48

Doc No.

D00473

D00508

D00500

D00463

D00466

D00470

D00458

D00509

D00467

D00467B

D00460

D00461

.. - v • •,-, ; :-; .?.;-%TOte *; • •, ;;-.;- $$. #*&•B ^ Hds Sampling Report, UpperArnlKs River Tailings BiosolidsRevegetation Project, Leadville,Colorado - DRAFT

Draft Alternatives Analysis forthe Year 2000, Upper ArkansasRiver Fluvial Tailings, LakeCounty, Colorado

Draft Work Plan/2000 Field Season,Upper Arkansas River FluvialTailings Soil Amendment/Revegetation Project

DRAFT- -Work Plan, Upper ArkansasRiver Fluvial Tailings SoilAmendments/Revegetation Project,Leadville, Colorado

Field Sampling Plan, CaliforniaGulch, Arkansas River FluvialTailings, Leadville, Colorado

Field Sampling Plan, UpperArkansas River Fluvial TailingsMonitoring Wells, Leadville,Colorado

Hydrologic and HydraulicAssessment, Brovmfields- -UpperArkansas River, Leadville, Colorado

Monitoring Plan, BiosolidsRevegetation Project, UpperArkansas River Fluvial Tailings,Lake County, Colorado

Sampling Activities Report, Fall1997 Sampling, Upper ArkansasRiver Fluvial Tailings, Leadville,Colorado

Sampling Activities Report, Fall1997 Sampling, Upper ArkansasRiver Fluvial Tailings, Leadville,Colorado, Appendix B, PhotographicResults

Sampling Activities Report, UpperArkansas River Fluvial Tailings,Leadville, Colorado

Sampling Activities Report, UpperArkansas River Fluvial Tailings,Leadville, Colorado: Appendix B--Photographic Results

;;v,y:: ' •;;,• .Author *,-; ..._;v;' :/

URS Operating Services, US 1Environmental Protection *Agency












ate

•g~

1999

2000

1999

1996

1998

1998

1999

1998

1998

1997

1997

„•;;• .'-.rj .'-:'. .Reference;. •'-; ' •V .V':*-'-URS, START EPA Region 8,Contract No. 68-W5-0031, TDDNo. 9702-0025







URS, START EPA Region 8,Contract No. 68-W5-0031, TDDNO. 9702-0025


ORS, START EPA Region 8,Contract No. 68-W5-0031, TDDNO. 9702-0025

URS, START EPA Region 8,Contract No. 6B-W5-0031, TDDNo. 9609-0005

URS, START EPA Region 8,Contract No. 68-WS-0031, TDDNo. 9609-0005

-^.f;:* j yyr-Key Words: '. i- /' > JX- J

arkansas river, tailings , Hmetals, soils, 11-mile ^^Hreach, fluvial, amendments,biosolids

arkansas river, fluvial,tailings, metals,remediation, 11-mile reach,soils, amendments,biosolids, remediation

arkansas river, tailings,metals, soils, 11-milereach, fluvial, amendments,biosolids


arkansas river, tailings,metals, soils, 11-milereach, fluvial, sampling

arkansas river, tailings,metals, soils, 11-milereach, fluvial, groundwater, water quality,sampling

arkansas river, hydrology,hydraulics, flows, 11-milereach

arkansas river, fluvial,tailings, metals,remediation, 11-mile reach,soils, amendments,biosolids, remediation

arkansas river, tailings,metals, soils, 11-milereach, fluvial, sampling,hayden ranch

arkansas river, tailings,metals, soils, 11-milereach, fluvial, sampling,hayden ranch

arkansas river, tailings,metals, soils, 11-milereach, fluvial,characterization

arkansas river, tailings,metals, soils, 11-milereach, fluvial,characterization, photos

Page 49

\PpcNp ^

D00462

D00459

D00464

D00471

D00550

D00283

D00476

D00445

D00451

D00450

D00415

•' ;*%Sj;Sv - -OT«e.*f*S/ :s;: fevi:>. ;: •'••S*,^.*.-.:--:-*?!.-'.---.--™ •.•«"-4'1:J*r/*;-}1.-J-.-i.-.:-A--.-r-. .':Sampling Activities Report, UpperArkansas River Fluvial Tailings,Leadville, Colorado: Appendix B--Photographic Results

Sampling Activities Report --July1998, Upper Arkansas River FluvialTailings Monitoring Wells,Leadville, Colorado

Work Plan 1998 Biosolids Projects,Upper Arkansas River FluvialTailings, Leadville, Colorado

Work Plan, Upper Arkansas FluvialTailings Biosolids RevegetationProject, Leadville, Colorado

Screening Level Soil SamplingResults on Private Property, UpperArkansas River

Abiotic and Biotic FactorsInfluencing in situ Trace Metallevels in Macroinvertebrates inFreshwater Ecosystems

Effects of Placer Gold Mining onPrimary Production in SubarcticStreams of Alaska

Data provided by Dr. B. Smith

Data provided by Mrs. Edith Seppi

Restoration Ecology: SpecialSupplement. ..Riparian Restoration

U.S. Geological Survey ToxicSubstances Hydrology Program- -Proceedings of the TechnicalMeeting, Monterey, CA, March 1991

i >:A}V A' M:&csi:. Afith'or.S\Htfl- t-v.'*-.-=#l-'y/;. .::vCr-'....-..'-v--f.';S-.r-i"?t.:; -T.;" »' r".a-' ~ •".-:.- URS Operating Services, USEnvironmental ProtectionAgency




US Bureau of Reclamation andUS Bureau of Land Management

van Hattum, Bert, Klaas R.Timmermans, Harrie A. Covers

Van Nieuwenhuyse and J.D.LaPerriere

various

various

various

various... . see contentspage-articles highlighted areincluded

SPate*-:1998

1998

1998

1998

2001

1991

1986

1999

1999

1997

1991

••f^W^^^mnct^jj^^^ÛRS, START EPA Region 8,Contract No. 68-W5-0031, TDDNo. 9702-0025

URS, START EPA Region 8,Contract No. 68-W5-0031, TDDNO. 9702-0025



Memo from US BOR to LakeCounty Soil ConservationDistrict

Environmental Toxicology andChemistry, 10:275-292


unpublished reports

various

Restoration Ecology 5 (4s)121pp.


n^^^^^m^Mmarkansas river, tailings,metals, soils, 11-milereach, fluvial,characterization, photos

arkansas river, tailings,ground water, monitoring,metals, water quality, 11-mile reach, demonstrationsites


arkansas river, tailings,metals, soils, ll-milereach, fluvial, amendments,revegetation, biosolids,remediation

soil sampling, upperarkansas, metals, privatelands,

Invertebrates, Aquatic,Metals, bioavailability,sediment

placer mining, effects,primary production,sediments, algae, mining,oxygen, aquatic, stream,water quality, alaska

arkansas river,osteochondrosis, forage,terrestrial, livestock,soils, plants, 11-mile reach

soils, forage, metals, 11-mile reach, Californiagulch, water, livestock,arkansas river, maps, rangemanagement

restoration, riparian,upper arkansas, landscapeapproach, watershed scale,prioritization

arkansas river, toxicsubstances, acid minedrainage, sediments,metals, water quality,metal loading

Page 50

Doc No.

D00613

D00532

D00313

D00284

D00285

D00394

D00376

D00446

D00588

D00286

' . :- JL . r" "X;-; .-Title'-1;. - -H-, ',-.v •••.:,-:-.j^.~ .'-•',-• -;...-.. •-- •-,.-; •:. .-. ,• . :;. -•• ...

H^^^Kdmium Residues Observeddu Bg a Pilot Study in Shorebirdsand Their Prey Downstream from theEl Salvador Copper Mine, Chile

Bird List - Upper Arkansas River,Lake County

Seasonal Relationships Between theBenthos, Invertebrate Drift andBrown Trout Predation (AbstractOnly)

Effects of Copper, pH and Hardnesson the Critical SwimmingPerformance of Rainbow Trout(Salmo giardneri Richardson)

Mercury, Arsenic Lead, Cadmium,and Selenium Residues in Fish,1971-1973, National PesticideMonitoring Program

Impact of Water Level Changes onWoody Riparian and WetlandCommunities

Preliminary Assessment of theEffects of Acid Mine Drainage onGround Water Beneath a WetlandNear Leadville, Colorado

Effects of Fluvial TailingsDeposits on Soils and Surface- andGround-Water Quality, andImplications for Remediation- -Upper Arkansas River, Colorado,1992-96

use of Mass-Flow Calculations toIdentify Processes ControllingWater Quality in a SubalpineWetland Receiving Acid MineDrainage, St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado

Hydrology and Geochemistry of aNatural Wetland Affected by AcidMine Drainage, St. Kevin Gulch,Lake County, Colorado - DRAFT

-?.'• --.v'i"' .-«•>•-, Author- ; - •:. --'.-' t'-- "^.•' • '.. '- . ' -f~ - '-'. --•.'- • ' • ' . ~i

Vermeer, K. and J.C. Castillafl

Voynick, S.

W. , David S.

Waiwood, K. G. and F. W. H.Beamish

Walsh, D., B Berger and J.Bean

Walters, M.A., R.O. Teskey,T.M. Hinckley

Walton-Day, K. , and P.H.Briggs

Walton-Day, K. , F.J. Rossi,L.J. Gerner, J.B. Evans, T.J.Yager, J.F. Ranville, andK.S. Smith

Walton-Day, K., P.H. Briggs,and S . B . Romberger

Walton-Day, Katherine

Dat?

Bn~

1992

1988

1978

1977

1980

1988

2000

1991

1995

V/r' •;•". -v'-r Reference;.' - -*:*:':-v;.';"V ''•-.Bulletin of EnvironmentalContaminant Toxicology 46:242-248

bird list from Mr. SteveVoynick

Colorado State University,Fort Collins, Colorado, M. S.Thesis

Water Research 12:611-619

Pesticides MonitoringJournal 11:5-34

US FWS Biological ServicesProgram, Volume VIII PacificNorthwest and Rocky MountainRegions (FWS/OBS-78/94)

U.S. Geological Survey, WaterResources InvestigationsReport 88-4220

U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources InvestigationsReport 99-4273100pp.

In Proceedings ofInternational Conference onTailings/ Mine Waste

U. S. Geological Survey,Denver, CO

o-v- .-, - -.0 .Ke/Wbrds-x i- ; > V 1. ..v.... .--.•-.•;• -.'.-•.•• ••:• fjj.,.^m*imetals, cadmium, copper, Bmines, birds, terrestrial^^l

birds, species list, upperarkansas, riparian

Fish, Trout, invertebrates,aquatic

Fish, Metals, Trout,Copper, aquatic, pH

Fish, mercury, arsenic,lead, cadmium, selenium,metals, pesticidess

water, riparian, wetland,aquatic

St. Kevin Gulch, Leadville,Acid Mine Drainage,Wetland, Tennessee Creek,East Fork of the ArkansasRiver, Sulfide

arkansas river, 11-milereach, tailings, waterquality, aquatic, metals,soils, fluvial deposits

water quality, acid mine,wetland, cadmium, zinc,metals

Wetland/Riparian, Metals,Acid Mine Drainage, St.Kevin Gulch, Leadville,Colorado, Hydrology,Geochemistry, aquatic

Page 51

:.DocN<v;.

D00287

D00289

D00557

D00404

D00291

D00011

D00292

D00293

D00537

D00294

D00295

•^'-:^<*S^^!ttm'S^p^Z;iyf^:::;,•';• :.;:•;.• vSi -f~ .:• :>v "•••'•' JT- ?•'*"'«";•&!;•«-•••!••• :- f X'« . ,:Iron and Zinc Budgets in SurfaceWater for a Natural WetlandAffected by Acidic Mine Drainage,St. Kevin Gulch, Lake County,Colorado- DRAFT

CONFIDENTIAL - Water-Quality, SoilChemistry, and Geologic Data for aProperty along the Arkansas Rivernear Leadville, Colorado

Effects of Remediation onGeochemistry and Hydrology of theUnsaturated Zone of FluvialTailings Deposits in theFloodplain of the Upper ArkansasRiver, Colorado

Effect of Placer Mining (Dredging)on a Trout Stream

Effect of Mine Drainage on theQuality of Streams in Colorado

The WRRI Trout Cover RatingMethod: Development and Application

The Effect of Graded Doses ofCadmium on Lead, Zinc and CopperContent of Target and IndicatorOrgans in Rats (Front page)

Cadmium Content of Indicator andTarget Organs in Rats after GradedDoses of Cadmium (First page)

Use of Environmental Variables toEstimate Metal Loads in Streams,Upper Arkansas River Basin,Colorado

Selected Hydrologic Data for theUpper Arkansas River Basin,Colorado, 1986-1989

Uptake and Retention of Cadmium byM| £d Ducks

y y; ££f yttiQ igv | 'H$g*::Walton-Day, Katherine

Walton-Day, Katherine andTracy J. Yager

Walton-Day, K. , R.w. Healy,F.B. Maestas, and A. Ranalli

Webb, W.E. and O.E. Casey

Wentz, D.

Wesche, T.A.

Wesenberg, G. B. R. , G. Fosseand P. Rasmussen

Wesenberg, G., G. Fosse, P.Rasmussen and N. P. B.Justesen

Wetherbee, G.A. and B.A.Kimball

Wetherbee, G.A., B.A. Kimballand W.S. Maura

White, D. and M. Finley

¥-Date*£

1995

1992

2000

1961

1974

1980

1981

1981

1991

1991

1978

_

il' ;i¥iv a'" ;':i ;R«terence: L'i:J.'jS;'<>i'-- -y?•: •;»'• ~.:~fi~. ' :•• •" ?.' -" :, ••• ••". V -. Wi ••' > 5~ " >-:T i.

in Morganwalp, D.W., andAronson, D.A, (eds.), U.S.Geological Survey ToxicSubstances in HydrologyProgram- -Proceedings of theTechnical Meeting, ColoradoSprings, CO: U.S.G.S. Water-Resources InvestigationsReport 94-4015, 2:759-764

U. S. Bureau of LandManagement , prepared by U . S .Geological Survey, WaterResources Division, ColoradoDistrict, December, 1992

In Proceedings from the FifthInternational Conference onAcid Rock Drainage, VolumeII, 2000, pp. 1450

State of Idaho, Department ofFish and Game Report, ProjectDJ-F-34-R, Job 3

U. S. Geological Survey,Colorado Resource Circ. No.21, 117p.

Water Resources Series No. 78Completion Report, WaterResources Research Institute,University of Wyoming

American Journal ofEnvironmental Studies 17:191-200

International Journal ofEnvironmental Studies 16:147-155

in Mallard, G.E. and Aronson,D.E. (eds.) USGS ToxicSubstances Hydrology Program;proceedings of the technicalmeeting, Monterey CA, March11-15, 1991, WRI 91-4034, p.398-406

U. S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 91-528

Environmental Research 17:53-59

j;|:g;^S^Wetland/Riparian, Metals,Acid Mine Drainage, St.Kevin Gulch, Leadville,Colorado, Iron, Zinc,aquatic

Soils, Water Quality, SoilChemistry, Geology, UpperArkansas River, Leadville,Colorado

upper arkansas, tailings,fluvial, metals, hydrology,water, remediation,biosolids, floodplain

aquatic, fish, placermining, dredging, stream,physical change

Water Quality, Acid MineDrainage, Colorado, Metals,Contaminants, aquatic

fish, trout, instream flow,aquatic, cover

Mammals, Metals, Rats,Cadmium, Lead, Zinc, Copper

Mammals, Metals, Rats,Cadmium, Toxicity

upper arkansas, metals,water, aquatic, sediment,water quality

Water Quality, UpperArkansas River Basin

Birds, cadmium, metals,ducks , J

Page 52

: Doc No.

D00296

D00297

D00298

D00299

D00300

D00301

D00302

D00303

D00304

D00305

D00306

D00307

•-^-- "••/:-•••'' :.- -Title ^ -••'.• V.-:--v •: :-:^ ^; •--"->•.. -.--.-s- :_'.,- ; - . . ' • < • -..-.'.- .'-

H: ^ Btt ho logic Effects of DietaryCaaMKn on Kidneys and Testes ofMallard Ducks

Bird Use and Heavy MetalAccumulation in Waterbirds atDredge Disposal Impoundments,Corpus Christi, Texas

Residues of EnvironmentalPollutants and Shell Thinning inMerganser Eggs

Residues of Organochlorines andHeavy Metals in Ruddy Ducks fromthe Delaware River, 1973

Reproductive Success of BlackSkimmers in Texas Relative toEnvironmental Pollutants

Significance of Organochlorine andHeavy Metal Residues in WinteringShorebirds at Corpus Christi,Texas, 1976-1977

Trace Elements in Sediments,Water, and American Coots (Fulicaamericana) at a Coal -fired PowerPlant in Texas, 1979-1982

Relations of Wintering Canvasbacksto Environmental Pollutants --Chesapeake Bay, Maryland

Effects of Dietary Boron andArsenic on the Behavior of MallardDucklings

Patterns of Vegetation Response toHeavy Metal Stress

Enhanced Bioaccumulation ofMercury, Cadmium and Lead in Low-Alkalinity Waters: An EmergingRegional Environmental Problem

A Water Handbook fpr Metal MiningOperations

^•-r] *•- '• - .':.' Author v.'-lT. _. -'•: ,>

White, D., M. Finley and J. IFerrell ™

White, D.H. and E. Cromartie

White, D.H. and E. Cromartie

White, D.H. and T.E. Kaiser

White, D.H., C.A. Mitchelland D.M. Swineford

White, D.H., K.A. King, andR.M. Prouty

White, D.H., K.A. King, C.A.Mitchell and B.M. Mulhern

White, D.H., R.C. Stendelland B.M. Mulhern

Whitworth, M.R., G.W.Pendleton, D.J. Hoffman andM . B . Camardese

Wickman, D.E.

Wiener, J. G. and P. M. Stokes

Wildeman, T.R.

Date^

^V8

1985

1977

1976

1984

1980

1986

1979

1991

1982

1990

1981

,-,'•' ,-'4-- '•'•••-•:•;... Reference.; ::;-.'• '•'-.*•.':>'-"•".

Journal of Toxicology andEnvironmental Health 4:551-558

Bulletin of EnvironmentalContaminants and Toxicology34: 295-300

The Wilson Bulletin 89(4)

Pesticides Monitoring Journal9(4) :155-156

Journal of Field Ornithology55(1) :18-30

Pesticides Monitoring Journal14(2) :58-63

Bulletin of EnvironmentalContaminants Toxicology36:376-383,

Wilson Bulletin 91(21:279-287


Presented at theInternational Symposium onRemote Sensing of EnvironmentSecond Thematic Conference,Remote Sensing forExploration Geology, FortWorth, Texas, December 6-10,


Colorado State University,Colorado Water Resources,Research Institute, Ft.Collins, Colorado, CompletionReport No. 113

•'•'. "•--••- . i? Key Wordsyy, > ' •'.r-y-.jBirds, ducks, cadmium, ^^Hmetals ^ 1

Birds, Waterfowl, Metals,Mining, terrestrial

Birds, Contaminants, Eggs,Reproduction, terrestrial

Birds, Waterfowl, Metals,Contaminants, Toxicity,terrestrial

Birds, Contaminants, Eggs,Reproduction, terrestrial

Birds, Metals, Standards,Bioaccumulation,Shorebirds, terrestrial

Birds, Water Fowl,Sediments, Water, PowerPlant, terrestrial

Birds, Waterfowl, Metals,Effects, Foodchain,Physiologic, terrestrial

Birds, Waterfowl, Metals,Boron, Arsenic, terrestrial

Vegetation, heavy metals,terrestrial

Fish, Metals,Bioaccumulation, aquatic

Metals, Mining, Acid MineDrainage, Water Quality

Page 53

^pbcNbi:

D00308

D00582

D00309

D00310

D00366

D00312

D00311

D00314

D00489

D00507

D00315

D00403

D00449

v- ;•;' '* i •; « ?£&8 Titife y' c jS ii-.vu- u±;;>. ..-• .wsih'jo-*!. :, «?.3$;;-jv.vi' ;.~- '-.:• •<:--.'•PC-Based Design of ChannelProtection Using PermanentGeosynthetic Reinforcement Mattings

Water Resource ManagementStrategies for Restoring andMaintaining Aquatic Life Uses

Copper, Zinc, and CadmiumConcentrations of Resident TroutRelated to Acid-Mine Wastes

Lichens as Indicators of AirPollution Impacts at SuperfundSites

Water Quality Study; ArkansasRiver above Salida, Colorado (Incontaminants database #4019)

Seasonal Variability in theSensitivity of Freshwater LenticCommunities to a Chronic CopperStress

Insect Community Structure as anIndex of Heavy-Metal Pollution inLotic Ecosystems

Stampede to Timberline (Cover Only)

Use Attainability Study,California Gulch, Colorado

Survival and Mortality of BrownTrout (Salmo trutta) to In SituAcutely Toxic Concentrations ofCadmium and Zinc

Sensitivity of Greenback CutthroatTrout to Acidic pH and ElevatedAluminum

Metals -Contaminated BenthicInvertebrates in the Clark ForkRiver, Montana: Effects on Age-0Brown Trout and Rainbow Trout

Brown Trout Avoidance of Metals inWater Characteristic of the ClarkFork, Montana

, r- r 'E UtKotl SiK:' =- ,~i *&v&"J •-••-. -.-i • '-:• X--±*i '.-fa •- . • * .;.--?_:;!?t ,* >:,--'T-'. •Williams, D.T., D.N. Austin

Willingham, T., A. Medine

Wilson, D.

Wilson, M.J.

Windell, J.T., M.L. Kline, USArmy Corps of Engineers, ARIX

Winner, R.W., H.A. Owen andM.V. Moore

Winner, R.W., M. W. Boesel,and M. P. Farrell

Wolle, M.

Woodling, J., ColoradoDepartment of Public Healthand Environment, and U.S.Environmental ProtectionAgency

Woodling, J.D.

Woodward, D. F., A. M. Farag,E. E. Little, B. Steadman andR. Yancik

Woodward, D.F., A.M. Farag,H.L. Bergman, A.J. DeLonay,E.E. Little, C.E. Smith, andF.T. Barrows

Woodward, D.F., J.A. Hansen,H.L. Bergman, E.E. Little,and A.J. DeLonay

^m^1995

1992

1980

1991

1985

1990

1980

1974

1990

1993

1991

1995

1995

:V"-'.:3?;ji ^B&fyfi?-??- ix •£%£'£*Land and WaterSeptember/October, 1995

Second International JointEPA- Peoples Republic of ChinaSymposium on Fish Toxicology,Physiology and Water QualityManagement

California Department of Fishand Game, PesticidesInvestigations Unit,Sacramento, California

U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, ExposureAssessment Group, EGAContract No. 68-DO-0100

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,Albuquerque District

Aquatic Toxicology 17:75-92

Canadian Journal of Fish andAquatic Sciences 37:647-655

Sage Books, Chicago,Illinois, 544p.

Colorado Department of PublicHealth and Environment, andU.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency Report

Dissertation, University ofColorado, Boulder, CO


Canadian Journal of Fisheriesand Aquatic Sciences 52:1994-2004


Restoration, StreambankErosion

water quality, ArkansasRiver, aquatic life,management

Fish, copper, zinc,cadmium, metals, acid mine

Smelters, MetalsDeposition, StudyTechniques, vegetation

Arkansas River, waterquality, metals, dredging,aquatic

Aquatic Biota, HeavyMetals, Copper

Invertebrates, Aquatic,Metals, Indices

Colorado History, mining

arkansas river, Californiagulch, metals, fish,invertebrates, aquatic,riparian habitat

arkansas river, trout,metals, aquatic, water,toxicology, cadmium, zinc

Fish, Trout, Cutthroat, pH,Greenback, aquatic, metals

aquatic, fish,invertebrates, metalsuptake, metals, clark forkriver

clark fork, metals,aquatic, water quality,fish, behavior,

Page 54

Doc No.

D00316

D00530

D00414

••••• _:-:'-: •'••••:•>' •-•..-.•.•Title*.-..-:' ' ;.,'•, --*'.' •:-•,*.•| k_- ••• • v. ..•-..-•-•' -:. •.••.•.--.'" ..-.••:••'.E ^ BF on Rainbow Trout Fry of aM^^^F-Contaminated Diet ofBenthic Invertebrates from theClark Fork River, Montana

Revegetation of Pb/Zn MineTailings, Guangdong Province, China

Uraniferous Waters of the ArkansasRiver valley, Colorado USA: aFunction of Geology and Land Use

' /:- £>:. '-"^""- Author :•.,;"• rV --.^ ^Woodward, D.F., W.G. IBrumbaugh, A.J. DeLonay, E.E.^Little and C.E. Smith

Ye, Z.E., J.W.C. Wong , M . H .Wong, A.J.M. Baker, W.S. Shu,C.Y. Lan

Zielinski, R.A. , S. Asher-Bolinder, and A.L. Meier

Date

jjr

2000

1995

:,- '. p.>w;,':';';i Reference ; Y ;; '"•"•; '•-/• ::

Transactions of the AmericanFisheries Society 123:51-62

Restoration Ecology 8(11:87-92.

Applied Geochemistry 10: 133-144

:• . . ;;'; :-Key'Words.,'_:;.,:., ,.'_:|

Fish, , aquatic, metals, ^^Hdiet, invertebrates, troi H

revegetation, mine tails,tailings, lead, zinc,mining, soil, reclamation,metals

water quality, downstream,arkansas river, uranium,land use, geology

Page 55

APPENDIX B

Hydrographs

TURQUOISE LAKE 1970 OPERATIONNATIVE INFLOW VERSUS RELEASE TO LAKE FORK

500

» — ."••

' \ - • ' . ' • ' • ' _

,'•'. ,--.'.• V' f"'* •>r\ r\ \\

A •! u \j t• " » • ! ' • ' • t •'!• .« i j

!A'I : ' ir » t : • • '

» . % , f .

..../ n iT" \! •

/ '

»

*«•»»1 »

"l *1 . •

r> \t •t i

«

•"/ \. / \.'.I-1

: ' •;• f •

* 'j

N'V

• %

.**' • ' * «

• A"'

/ » A ;• \' 'v;1 * ' / V i;:" /!\: / ^—^l

/ \. • • * . . i, : / i ,W 1V V "V 1

•*. \> «' • f' . - • • • ' . , *• • • • • - . , «. • \ r ' • *1 * v § • . *i • i' , i . t

X • • • . . '. •x ; • ' _ • • • •i ; . .s\ \ • • • *s » ^ i • • •« » •I ; / \ .. . ' < •

i.'- / <"

•U \" " '

i! \ ^ 1M ^ * ' >\ \ \- jll ' V \ i•• " ' .V A /

OoLUCOa:LUo.i-UJLULLomIDO

9 200u_LUCD

o:LU?<Q

0

APR MAY JUN JUL

Gage below dam Native inflow

Total inflow = 22,934Total outflow = 39,406

Percent increase = 172%


500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

APR MAY JUN JUL

• Gage below dam ^-— Native inflow




ouu -

Acr\ .nOU

/inn .ifUU

ocr\ .oOU

onn -GUU

ocn _ZOU

onnÛU

•ten -1 OU

innIUU

CA _ou

...-••«• i• i• «t . B• •t . «• • •«i •»• i• t• • • '• . ,-»

••/ \

f —/:.

'v. ^ *. • _/

#

. ' v '.'".'• •

• • •.'. ' .' '• -1 - '

••• -' ' -

•' i • • "

: ... \1 A ;

. '.\ i \V-• : .'. : / .-- « . . . ;

/ :U,., ff}

• '. v ,-: /' -%. /••-: • ;>• - . / • . . ., > . .-•.. , • : ' / • " •

W-' ^ :

APR MAY

r^ L I ioage Deiow dam - Native inflow

' . ' , ' < ' \ - : . . .

"v** V• • • ' • • ' * . •

.._ • ' i - ' "\i' . *

"• • • e » • •^ • . . N : t

' • ' • • / i : - ; . . - v - • -.-.^ M'/\v./;-;

. \ - / i / - \ - • * - / ;

. ,V,-4f^y'; , :-

V r-

" -.W

i.• •

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*•

. - •>••»»i

•i.v- - - • . • • •I~ • m '• •

* /. ,\ .

\ / v: —i: V" " .

'•"» -" ;

:«.......;" : • •-'V - - A -•••^ • . r \. V- A / V•'• — — -* i i \ /î

... \y . v \^JA •

JUN JUL

TT

Pe

Dtal inflow = 23,707otal outflow - 49,41 1rcent increase = 208%


500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

APR MAY JUN JUL

Gage below dam - Native inflowTotalinflow= 10,191Total outflow = 22,326


500

450

APR


MAY

Gage below dam • •'' .Native inflow

JUN JUL

Total inflow = 21,037Total outflow = 61,322Percent increase = 292%


500

350

100

- ' ; " ' 1

0

APR MAY

• Gage below dam Native inflow

JUN JUL

Total inflow = 26,578Total outflow = 68,332Percent increase = 257%


500

450

••• i

' V '.• Jit

100

0

APR MAY JUN

• Gage below dam Native inflow

JUL




500

OOcoQLUJ0-

01UJ

ocoo

u_UJosLU>

150

APR MAY JUN JUL

Gage below dam • Native inflow




500

•V

300» « - . »l« •

*.

150

100

50

3 r

APR MAY

below dam Native inflow

JUN JUL

Total inflow =Total outflow =

Percent ir

28,57156,002196%

500

OoLUCO

LUQ.

LULU

O

mo

O

LUO

a:LU


APR MAY JUN JUL

I Gage below dam ^—^ Native inflow



500


APR MAY JUN JUL

•Gage below dam ^7-^—— Native inflow




ouu -

/1CA .*fOU

/inn -*HJU

OCA .oOU

or\n .ouu

OCA .jiDU

OAA .*LUU

1 n -I OU

inn -i \j\j

Rn -OU

0 .

' V ' y ;--:

•i'

/" ^- ' •'"• * " ^ •

-...- ^'• '.:•..••

i, «

••>•;.. .. •&: - / - v . ; • • • > . - :

\ Kl ia/ ' "'r' ' ' ": • / '

• --V ; v>c\./ ^> - *v^

APR MAY

r+ u i jvâge DGIOW dam ^ — ~— Native inflow

- '*<•-.

. -Mv,4/v-S'-/'." ' " W

: . t. " '

. I- ".' '• .• • '• , ' A

';- ; ;::;;.-. v

- ' ' . ' • ' ' • - -;. ':.• • f.. • "' ' '* ...-.••.

•!i^']^J^-'ff^!'V^-*. V ..* - : "'. 'VX-.'j \ ••/: : ; . - - • • - . , ' • / v. • - . . . • " . : . • > . '

JUN JUL

TTP

Dtal inflow = 1 1 ,537otal outflow = 15,677ercent increase = 1 36%


ouu -

A en4OU

Ar\r\ -4UU

ocn .oOU

onn -ouu

OCf) -zou

onn -ûu

1CA .1 UU

mn -I UU

en .ou

o .

-;.' /Y , 'j(::

t\ 1 \ ••"•••' "."—s~, . • ' ' • • • ' ' • ' • • ' ..H%.

APR MA1

/"> , I , . .. . . _• • • • uage oeiow aam : ••• Native intlow

.R - •fl

I

'- (

' i- ^ : : ::A/ ::':!

y(^/^:"r : :'-1 • • ' • • ' • ' . -. ; •"' .., 1

,/^-:.\l;;.>:--.

A •; ':.. • •••- •'•.": .;. .• ^ " ;.:• • . ' - . . . . - . . : • , . : .

Y JUN

'••i:

': ;^/Y ./f:.:\.!V^.\.v. j .

^ • V: M.- /.V= • • ' • • • ' : : - V A ••' ) V

' • ; • •• ^-^XjA ' 1^1'• • ; - ; y - ; - ^ - ; ; --VS ! ' • $

' • ' • . • '^^ .-: . -:- ••- : : U"./'. . ; . . . . . • ••.-..' . . ' 'U

JUL

Total inflow = 25,230Tntal r>i itflnu/ — ^ 1ft11 Uldl UulllUW O, 1 O 1

Percent reduction = 87%


IUUU •

Qnn -yuu

Qf\f\ .ouu

ynn -/uu

Ron -ouu

Knn -ouu

/inn -H-UU

••ann -oUU

ono -zuu

•inn -IUU

A •• :"

APR

_ . . .oage oeiow dam

:ij

A .• .•

AA '-- . A - - ' 7 - • • : H

. . . . . J\i^}-:: ; : ; A

^V^ . . .V-;. .; :,. • '. ' " . • . - . . . • .'. - .'.

•:., - - / I - •-' .'< .•...••• • ' • '.

-••^^^ - ' v - ' ^ - l L . - : - • - : -.-•,:.-••

MAY

— Native inflow

JUN

ToToPe

•/•-. . » ' ' •••*.-• .*.• «...

' ' . ' • • • • ' ' ' v >'r • . •

^ »' ' ' • • • '• •• .

I''':''-' • • ; V : : - f -* : • ....... • ^

» : ^' r • ' -'. . ' 1

" . "• * ' * . ' ' '

. ' - • ' ' I f"

'-^^'.--K^\ ,- /' v \ ••'/•'••.'

•;- V^

JUL

tal inflow = 28,411tal outflow = 50,931*rppnt inrrpaQp ~ 1TQ%

500


450 --

300

'.'..'. >. : - •• '

100

0

APR MAY JUN JUL

Gage below dam -r-r-1—^ Native inflow

Total inflow = 40,631Total outflow = 33,270Percent reduction = 18%


500

APR MAY JUN


JUL



500

450

400

350

300

250

150

100

fi• - •

.;- \ ".' / '

0

APR MAY

Gage below dam Native inflow

JUN JUL



450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

'''"'A >i ;.

' 7'^ V.^'^^-T'JK? ^'^ ••• '•^n;j^^^^" V ":T" """

31 61 91 121

Gage below dam ' ' :"V;- Native inflow

Total inflow = 16,095Total outflow = 3,137Percent reduction = 81 %

500

450

300

250

150

100

50


0 *M-i

APR MAY JUN JUL

below dam :~-jrr-1 Native inflow


500

450

400

350

300

250 -

200 -

150

100

0


APR MAY JUN JUL

Gage below dam : - — Native inflow



ouu -

A txA4OU

/inn -4UU

ocn, .OOU

onn -ouu

ocn .zou

9nn -Z.UU

-ICO .1 QU

inn -I UU

^n -\j<j

n -AÂ^v/V/^

;;;'•

-, |

.,-•: ••k''G$

^^j^LM- > . . . - . . •- - . -. .;,- . • •- ' . j-

APR MAY

oage oeiow • - • • • . . i\jative inflow

• "->v:: A •*"";• .-• ..../.'-•- V- i..,-;

• ; 1, ' ' ' '". 1 ' 'V| J~---

• • : • ' . - • 1N :...

?^:';-^;!^fe^^^Wy!.;.:;: r:; -r---^-* ;:

$^'.&- «.t-:.::; . M!

JUN JUL

f

fotal inflow = 19,533fntal ni itflnw - "^9793ercent reduction = 83%

.'•/tv

500

450


C*-*.. -i J/; \ . . ff^., . ,l>f. PM J

• • fc :•/ -•

/ ::\-r .:>4vV;.x>.^/>^;"f0"^f.

»f r\ y^^ • ' ' ' . - . , •

> •

-i

V.'•'"*•• '

:-:---

?i| A1"-.. . . - • . •n . r i .V,-V : : i / V ;f f i s

y i \ v .V.V :": ;;w.

• ' ' . • • '''-A', '• ' . . - ! • . '

•-- ; ' W; •'' 1\

••'•'• • ' • •' A'&:.;^'" •'.-. " ' . • ' • ' •'' :..-!-. • '"

- .' J- - •': •;- " ;• .• •'

' •••IJB ••••••'•••••*• ••••••• • •

' ,' :i

\ I|.11%, , ...

>: - • ' V \ / V . XV, ^ \ / \

.i; :.;: :y.:.l'£V 'X

. ' . ' ' < " " " • ' " • ' ' • . - " ' - -

300

150

0

APR MAY JUN JUL



TURQUOISE LAI ^992 OPERATIONNATIVE INFLOW VERSUS RELEASE TO LAKE FORK

500

450

400

350

APR MAY JUN JUL

- - - Gage Below Dam .-i Native Inflow


TURQUOISE L/ Bl993 OPERATIONNATIVE INFLOW VERSUS RELEASE TO LAKE FORK

APR MAY JUN JUL

- - - Gage Below Dam > .u Native Inflow


TURQUOISE L^m 1994 OPERATIONNATIVE INFLOW VERSWRELEASE TO LAKE FORK

500

450

400

APR MAY JUN JUL

- - - Gage Below Dam ^TT? Native Inflow


800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

APR

• - - Gage Below Dam


MAY JUN JUL

Native Inflow


500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100


APR MAY JUN JUL

- - - Gage Below Dam Native Inflow


TURQUOISE LANATIVE INFLOW VERS

OPERATIONRELEASE TO LAKE FORK

500

O-11

APR MAY JUN JUL

• - - Gage Below Dam • Native Inflow

Total Native Inflow = 31,142 (acft)Total outflow = 3,053 (acft)Percent reduction = 90%

TURQUOISNATIVE INFLOW

2000 OPERATIONUS RELEASE TO LAKE FORK

aooLLJV)

Q.

In01u.omO

Ou.in

S£EUJ

800

700

600

600

400

300

200

100

APR MAY JUN JUL

• - - Gage Below Dam Native Inflow

Total Native Inflow = 28,640 (acft)Total outflow = 13,296 (actt)Percent reduction = 54%

TURQUOISENATIVE INFLOW VE

2001 OPERATIONRELEASE TO LAKE FORK

800

APR MAY JUN JUL

- • • Gage Below Dam Native Inflow

Total Native Inflow = 26,771 (acft)Total outflow = 2,920 (acft)Percent reduction = 89%

APPENDIX C,

Chemical Data

Electronic Database

Documentation for Chemical Database

Database Structure

The Upper Arkansas River Basin Natural Resource Damage Assessment Chemical Database (the

database) stores information concerning environmental conditions in the Upper Arkansas River Basin.

One of the major goals of building the database is to compile large volumes of water, soil, and sediment

quality information from numerous sources into a common repository, organized in a manner such that

the combined data can be readily analyzed, (e.g. Statistical measures developed for specific time periods,

and graphs of temporal and spatial trends produced). Another goal of the database is to provide a record

of those data used in the site characterization.

The data are stored in the Microsoft Access 2000 relational database, and the database is

structured in a manner that allows the information to be stored efficiently, while enforcing data integrity

and minimizing redundancy. This is accomplished by storing the data in a set of hierarchically related

tables that model the hierarchical nature of environmental data. The database contains information from

numerous "datasets". For the purposes of this report, a "dataset" is a single collection of data received as

a discreet "deliverable", e.g. data from a report, paper, spreadsheet, etc. Each dataset may contain data

from numerous sampling stations. Many samples may be collected from an individual station over time.

Each sample may be analyzed for numerous analytical parameters, and a numerical result will be

generated to quantify each parameter. Thus, the primary tables in the database store information about

data sources, stations, samples, analytical parameters, and analytical results. Logical connections, or links

between data records in the various tables are maintained through table relationships and values in key

data fields. All key values used in relationships between the primary data tables are long integer data

type, and are assigned during the data import process by the import program.

Many data fields in the primary data tables store information as coded values. These codes are

typically integer values or one or two -character text strings. Each data field that stores coded values is

linked to a lookup table that defines the codes. The use of data codes and lookup tables promotes data

storage efficiency and data consistency. Data codes are assigned during the import process, and a

database table documents these assignments and translates the original values to the data codes.

All relationships in the database are set up and maintained to enforce referential integrity. This

means that entries in a coded value field are limited to the values in that field's associated lookup table,

and that a sample record (for example) cannot exist in the samples table without an associated record

describing the sampling station in the stations table.

J:\OI0004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_CI_Chem.doc Cpl

Tables, queries, and other database objects are named following standard naming conventions.

Object names consist of a lower-case prefix to indicate object type, followed by a proper case descriptive

name. The prefixes tbl, Ik, and qry are used to indicate primary data tables, lookup tables, and queries,

respectively.

A table of Data Sources for the Upper Arkansas Site Characterization Database can be found at

the end of this appendix. An Entity-Relationship Diagram for the database table is also included in this

appendix.

Dataset Processing & Import

Raw datasets received from all data sources were checked for a minimum set of required

information for each sample, and if sufficient information was available to allow processing, a

restructuring process was performed prior to importing into the database. Datasets were prioritized for

entry into the database based on how recent and how complete and pertinent the data were for site

characterization purposes. A pair of digital data folders was created to store files associated with each

dataset. A read-only folder was created to preserve the original unprocessed data files as they were

received from the data provider. The second folder was made to store files as they underwent the

restructuring necessary for import to the database.

Datasets were required to have (at a minimum) a) complete sample location, i.e. known

geographic coordinates, b) sample collection date, c) analytical parameter, d) numerical result value, and

e) units of measure information in order to be included in the database. In addition to these minimum

requirements, every effort was made to obtain sample depth, analytical method, and limits of detection

data for each dataset.

Sampling station location data was requested, and typically received, as X-Y coordinate pairs. In

cases of datasets lacking coordinate data but having detailed location descriptions, the descriptions and

GIS software were used to generate coordinates. Datasets lacking both coordinates and detailed location

descriptions were not usable. However, in cases where a small percentage of a dataset's stations lacked

sufficient locational data these stations were included in the database in the hope that the locational data

may be obtained through ongoing data acquisition efforts. (Data associated with these stations were

excluded from data analysis efforts until coordinates were obtained.)

J:\OI0004\Task3 -SCR\Appendices\App_Ct_Chem.doc C\-2

Sample collection date information was requested and typically received as complete

month/day/year dates. Certain datasets contained incomplete sample date information, typically as

month/year. The database structure requires dates to be stored in month/day/year format. When

incomplete dates were encountered, a request was made to the data provider to obtain the missing

information. If attempts to obtain exact sample date data were unsuccessful, sample dates were assumed

based on available information and a note was made in the samples table for those records.

After all essential data components were obtained, the datasets were prepared for import to the

database. All data was brought into the database through a custom import program. This program is built

into the database, and receives the incoming data via an import template table. The process of adding

data to the database involves two principal steps. First, each dataset must be processed into the structural

format of the template table, and then the import program is run to move the data elements from the

template table to the appropriate tables in the repository database.

A Microsoft Access 2000 database file was created for each source dataset for pre-processing

purposes. Each one of these database files contains all original data files and tables associated with a

dataset and any queries, utility programs, and intermediate tables that were created in order to restructure

the dataset into the import table. The import table is a flat-file table containing 34 data fields to

accommodate anticipated data elements, five long text fields for notes and miscellaneous data, and three

long integer fields to store key values assigned by the import program.

At the conclusion of the pre-processing, each dataset (in the import template format) was brought

into the main repository database and the import program was run. This program consists of four steps

initiated from a user interface form. Step one opens a. form for entry of general information about the

dataset including: title, author, source organization, date published, etc. The second step runs a procedure

that converts all null values in the import table to missing data flags. This is necessary because

procedures used in the program require that all data fields contain non-null values. Null date and time

data elements were set to 11/11/1111, and null numeric and text values were replaced with -9999.99.

Step three of the program opens an interactive form used to assign lookup values for data fields that are

stored as coded values tied to lookup tables. The form displays a list of fields for which lookup values

need to be assigned. When a field is selected, two new lists are populated. One displays a list of unique

values for the field from the import table, and the other lists the values currently in the associated lookup

table. Lookup codes are assigned by selecting a value from the import table list and double-clicking the

desired value in the lookup table list. An option exists on the form to add entries to the lookup table if

necessary. All lookup code assignments are written to a database table. This table is used by the final

step of the import program to translate the original values to lookup codes as records are written to the

J:\010004\Task3-SCR\Appendices\App_CI_Chem.doc Cp3

repository database tables. The table also provides documentation of the data translations made during

import. The final step of the import process runs a series of procedures that assign key values used in the

database relationships, and append the data to the appropriate tables in the repository database.

Post-Import Data Conversion

The database was constructed with the philosophy of preserving data values as they were

originally reported, to the extent possible. This approach minimizes opportunity for errors induced by

data conversion and manipulation, and facilitates easy comparison between the database and original

files, but is in apparent conflict with the database goal of normalizing data to a readily comparable state.

This conflict was handled by storing original data values in the database, but then providing means to

dynamically normalize the data to a readily comparable state. This normalization process was carried out

for station locations, station types, analyte names, numerical values/units of measure, and data qualifiers.

Sampling stations provided numerous data normalization challenges. Due to the variety of data

sources, numerous station naming conventions and coordinate systems were encountered. Station names

were not usable in efforts to group all samples collected at a given location because different data sources

assigned different names to common sampling stations. Conversely, common station names were

assigned to a variety of different sampling locations by various organizations. In addition, stations

associated with sample records common to multiple datasets were often found to have slightly different

coordinates in the separate datasets. These discrepancies were introduced by the variety of conventions

and electronic storage formats used by various data source organizations. The GIS was used to project all

coordinates into a standard geographic projection (UTM, NAD 27 meters). Coordinate data are stored in

the stations table both in their original form and in the standard projection. The standard projection was

used for all mapping and analysis tasks. Stations were normalized for data grouping and comparison in

the GIS using spatial buffers. For station counting purposes, all stations within two meters of each other

were considered to be the same station and assigned a common buffer identifier. These identifiers are of

long integer data type and were written to a field in the stations table by a GIS macro. For duplicate data

identification across multiple datasets, a 100-meter buffer was also generated for each station. These

buffer identifiers were used to identify stations for all data analysis tasks.

Station type information is used by data queries to group and select data. For example, a query

may use station type as a selection criterion to retrieve all data associated with river sampling stations.

Some source datasets contained a data field indicating sampling location type, such as river, soil boring,

well, seep, etc. This data was translated to lookup codes during the import process and stored in the

stations table and station type lookup table. With other datasets the station type may not be explicitly

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_C l_Chem.doc C | -4

stated in the source files, but may be readily inferred from text describing the station, sample media

reported, or station X-Y location. For example, stations associated with groundwater samples were

inferred to be wells. A location type table in the database stores sampling location type information for

all stations. The table contains a record corresponding to every station record in the stations table.

Location type codes are assigned in this table for each station after a dataset is imported. A code source

field indicates whether the location type code was based on data in the original source file, or inferred

based on other information such as station description or X-Y location.

Each station in the database was assigned a summary zone, or reach designation, in order to group

data by spatial location within the drainage basin. Summary zones exist for distinct reaches of the

Arkansas River, as well as its major tributaries and surrounding upland areas. Stations in a dataset were

assigned to summary zones after the dataset was imported. Summary zone assignments were based

primarily on station location, but other data such as textual descriptions of sampling locations were used

to support zone assignments. This auxiliary data was given greater weight when station coordinates were

of questionable quality.

Analytical result values are stored in the results table in the units of measure reported in the

original data files. Records in the results table are linked to records in the parameters table. The

parameters table stores the original parameter names and units as reported by the data provider. In order

to readily query and compare values from different data sources a system of standard analyte names and

units is necessary. For example, a source dataset may report values for 'Dissolved Zinc' in micrograms

per liter. Another source dataset may report values for 'Zn, D' in milligrams per liter. To facilitate

comparison of this data, the parameters table contains Standard Analyte, Standard Unit, and Multiplier

data fields used to normalize data to common names and units. Records for the example given would be

assigned a Standard Analyte of 'Zinc, Dissolved' and a Standard Unit of 'mg/L'. Records having

original units of milligrams per liter would be given ' 1' as a multiplier, while records originally reported

as micrograms per liter would be assigned a multiplier of '0.001'. The standard analyte and unit fields,

when used in conjunction with the product of the original value and the multiplier, produce a normalized

dataset. This approach is used by all saved queries that extract results information for comparison and

analysis. A similar approach is used with sample depth data. Values are stored in their original units, and

a standard unit and multiplier are used to normalize values.

Many datasets contained a variety of qualifiers associated with result values. During dataset pre-

processing and import these qualifiers were put into one of three data fields depending on whether they

were assigned by an analytical lab, data validator, or other or unknown source. After data were imported

to the database each record was assigned an additional qualifier code. This code serves as a master

J:\OI0004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_CI_Chem.doc C[-5

qualifier and groups all other qualifiers into several basic categories for data comparison and analysis

purposes. Records were classified as either unqualified, non-detect, or rejected.

Analysis Sub-Datasets

Additional data processing steps were performed to prepare the data for use in a data analysis

program. These steps include setting flags to indicate duplicate records (records with the same location,

date, parameter, and analytical result, arising from obtaining partially overlapping datasets from multiple

agencies or sources), statistical outliers, and assigning codes to indicate the appropriate analysis time

period and flow regime (high flow, low flow) for each record. This additional processing and all

subsequent data analysis were performed in a separate database file. This was done to keep file sizes

manageable and to keep a clear distinction between raw data and the processed data used for statistical

analysis and interpretations. The database is a raw data repository that preserves data as it was received

from the data provider to the extent possible. The data analysis database file accesses the tables in the

raw data repository through live links, and uses queries to create static copies of the appropriate data for

charting and statistics purposes. It is in these copied tables that all interpretive flags and codes are

assigned. A set of queries and Visual Basic programs in the data analysis file are used to refresh the

analysis tables as needed. The refresh process deletes the current analysis table, queries the data

repository and constructs a new analysis table containing the appropriate data, then runs a series of

procedures that update the several "flag" fields in the table.

Analysis tables are created for each of the following media: Surface Water, Groundwater,

Sediment, Lowland Soil, and Upland Soil. The queries that create these tables limit the data to include

only complete and valid records for the media and parameters of interest. Records lacking coordinates

are excluded, as are those describing field duplicate and lab QA/QC samples. Records flagged as rejected

or otherwise invalid by the data validator are also excluded. The queries that create the analysis tables

normalize all parameters to standardized parameter names, and convert numerical values to consistent

units of measure so that they may be readily compared.

Duplicate Flags

The database is a compilation of numerous source datasets from numerous data providers. Many

of these datasets originate from databases maintained by public agencies or from consultants working

with these public datasets. Thus, there can be considerable overlap between datasets received from

different data providers. Datasets were added to the database in their entirety, no effort was made to

exclude records that were already included in the database from a previously added data source. This was

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_CI_Chem.doc C|-6

done to preserve datasets intact and avoid difficulties in identifying areas of overlap induced by rounding

and other formatting performed by individual dataset providers. As a preferred alternative to identifying

and excluding duplicated records prior to import, a Visual Basic program was developed to identify

duplicated records during the analysis table refresh process.

Each analysis table contains a field that stores a duplicate flag for each record. This flag's value

is initialized to '0' for all records at the start of the duplicate flagging program. Then the program creates

a temporary table containing all unique combinations of normalized sample location, date, analyte, and

value entries from the subject table. The program steps through the records in this temporary table. For

each record in the temporary table the program retrieves all records from the subject table matching the

record's normalized sample location, date, analyte, and value. If only one matching record is retrieved,

the record's duplicate flag is left as 0 and the program moves on to the next record in the temporary table.

If more than one matching record is retrieved, the program steps through the matching records and

increments their duplicate flags from 1 to n (the number of duplicates). When the program has finished

running, a duplicate-free recordset may be retrieved by selecting only records having a duplicate flag of 0

or 1.

Time Flags

For data analysis purposes, the time continuum is split into three periods corresponding to

historical events influencing water flow and quality. The annual cycle is also split into periods of high

and low flow. The dates of these period breaks are stored in a table in the analysis database (illustrated

below). Each analysis data table contains data fields that store a period value and flow flag for each

record. A series of procedures are run to update the period and flow flags based on each record's sample

date when an analysis data table is refreshed.

High Flow

Low Flow

Period 1

Period 2

Period 3

.:-'-:-:"-''-'-'- -•••/••', •••- , ' '

5/1 /XX

8/15/XX

1/1/1900

6/1/81

2/1/92

:Ty.' .•:' •';-''•.'.'."

8/14/XX

4/30/XX

5/31/81

1/31/92

Present Date

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_Cl_Chem.doc C.-7

Non-Detects

Records in the analysis tables having qualifiers indicating non-detect results were updated to one-

half of the reported value (the reported value for non-detect records is typically the detection limit). This

operation is performed by a Visual Basic procedure when the analysis tables are refreshed.

Outlier Flags

Outlier flagging is performed on the surface water data analysis table. Data records which are

determined to be statistical outliers are flagged with an 'O' in the qualifier field. The outlier flagging

procedure begins by resetting all qualifiers in the surface water data analysis table to the qualifier value

stored in the main data repository (clears all outlier flags). The program then retrieves lists of the

summary zone groups and analytes to be considered in the outlier test. Currently the program considers

data from Arkansas River reaches 0-4 (grouped collectively as Ark R) and the Cal Gulch and Cal Gulch at

Ark Riv zones (grouped together as Cal Gulch). Analytes considered include dissolved and total

Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc, as well as Hardness. The program steps through all possible zone-

analyte combinations. For each iteration, the procedure retrieves a recordset consisting of all data records

for the current zone and analyte. It then calculates the mean and standard deviation of this recordset. The

procedure then finds all records within the recordset having values greater than or equal to the mean plus

four standard deviations (one-sided test), and updates the qualifier field to 'O' for these records. (It

should be noted that data from all dates and flow periods are considered together in the outlier tests. The

recordsets used in the outlier tests are defined solely by summary zone and analyte.)

Table Value Standards

Acute and chronic Colorado Table Value Standards (TVS) were calculated for dissolved

cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc for selected river reaches. These calculations were performed by a

Visual Basic program and the resulting values were stored in a table in the analysis database file. The

program begins by creating lists of all analytes, river reaches, time periods, and flow periods for which

standards are to be calculated. It then steps through all possible combinations of analyte, reach, time

period, and flow period. During each iteration of the loop, the program calculates an average hardness

value for use in the standards calculations, then calculates the acute and chronic standards based on the

average hardness, and counts the number of records exceeding each of the standards for the current

analyte-reach-time-flow scenario.

J:\OI0004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_Cl_Chem.doc C|-8

Average hardness values are calculated for each scenario using available hardness data applicable

to the scenario's reach, time period, and flow period. Hardness, Total Hardness, and Calculated Hardness

values were used, while Carbonate and Non-Carbonate Hardness values were not included. For TVS

calculation purposes, average hardness values less than 25 mg/L or greater than 400 mg/L were reset to

25 and 400 mg/L, respectively.

Charting and Statistics

The data analysis database file includes a set of forms that provide a graphical user interface for

selecting and charting data. This interface provides users with a means to select specific data subsets

based on sample media, river reach, analyte, flow period, and time period criteria, and display charts and

statistical summaries of the selected data. Two types of charts are available in the program. One is a

time-series chart displaying a parameter's values for a single reach over time. The other allows

comparison between reaches by displaying a parameter's minimum, maximum, and average values for

multiple reaches.

A maximum series-axis value is specified in the database for each parameter that is plotted on the

time-series charts. These values are used by the charting program to limit the scale of the vertical axis so

that all charts produced for a given parameter have the same scale and are readily comparable. Data

points that exceed the chart limit are displayed in a table below the chart.

There are several display options for the time-series charts that may be toggled on and off using

check boxes on the user interface. Data points representing non-detect analysis results may be displayed

with a different symbol than results greater than the detection limit. Acute and chronic Table Value

Standards may be displayed on the chart as horizontal lines at the standard levels. This option is available

when the 'High Flow' and/or 'Low Flow' options are selected, but is disabled when the 'All Flow' option

is chosen because Table Value Standards only exist for the high and low flow divisions of the annual flow

cycle. An option is available to display period breaks on the chart when the 'All Periods' sample date

option is chosen. Period breaks appear on the charts as vertical lines marking the division points between

the three data analysis periods.

J:\Ol0004\Task3 -SCR\Appendices\App_Cl_Chem.doc Cp9

Data Sources for the Upper ArlRecord Count by

Site Characterization Databaseand Data Source

Source Query: JA010004VTask 2 - Data Acquisltion\DataAnalysis\LNRD_DataAnalysis.mdb - p,ryOa/aSrc_Report

LNRD #

LNRD-001 Surface Water Quality Data for theArkansas River

'SoifceOrgartotkih

USFWS

LNRD-006 !Cal Gulch Water Quality Data MSSI

LNRD-010

LNRD-011

ill.•;•„;' -Autria '?•':

Arkansas River Database- USFWS1994

Cal Gulch WQ Data IISSISurface Water Quality Data from CSU- CSU-AEHS IWator Quality data (1968- -Clements (CSU)AEHS (1968-1996) I 1996)Colorado River Watch Dala - Surface CDOWWater i

LNRD-015 i Division of Wildlife Water Quality Data

LNRD-016

LNRD-017

LNRD-020

LNRD-021

CSU - Department ofFishery and WildlifeBiology

CDOW-RiverWatch data CDOW

DOW WQ and Discharge iCIements (CSU)Dala

Soil and Vegetation -Plant Cover. CSU [1986/1987 Soil and KeammererProduction. Tissue & Soil Metal j [vegetation Metals DalaConcentrations1996 Upper Arkansas Soil Data ! URS Operating 1996 Upper Arkansas Soil EPA/URS

Services (EPA) Data1997 Upper Arkansas Soils Data JURS Operating ; 1997 Upper Arkansas Soil EPA/URS

[Services (EPA) iDala-URS

Upper Arkansas 1998 Monitoring WellData

LNRD-023 i Upper Arkansas 1999 Monitoring WellJData

LNRD-024

LNRD-OM

URS OperatingServices (EPA)

Upper Arkansas 1998Monitoring Well Dala

URS Operating Upper Arkansas 1999Services (EPA) Monitoring Well Data

NURE Hydrogeochemical and Stream JUSGSSediment Data

USGS Flow data and field parameters JUSGS

1LNRD-030 ! 1994 & 1995 REMAP data ~1

i

LNRD-031

LNRD-033

LNRD-038

NURE Stream Sediment Data

EPAAJRS.Walton-Day(USGS)

EPA/URS

USGS

Flow and f eld parameter data USGS

jEPA J1994& 1995 REMAP data EPA

STORET groundwater and surface water EPA jSTORETdata EPAdata j iSeppi Ranch Soils - Swyers Data {Colorado Mountain jSeppi Ranch Soils - Swyers ! Swyers (CMC)

College JDataLevy Thesis Data - Plant and Soils JCSU Metal Contamination in Soils

and Plant Near Leadville

Seppi Ranch Soils - Colby Data Colorado Mountain iSeppi Ranch Soils - ColbyCollege [Data

David Levy(CSU)

Colby (CMC)

LNRD-039 jGroundwaterS Surface Water Data -SeppiiWWL JWW&L Groundwaler & JWWL'Ranch j i Surface Water Data

LNRD-041 Selected sediment and surface water data iUSGSfor the upper Arkansas River basin, iColorado. 1988-89 i

ILNRO-044 iGeochemical and Lead Isotope data for

j sir earn and lake sedimentsi

LNRD-049 [Total Zinc in 3 SW station, 1992-1997

i

USGS

BOR. Denver CO

-

Selected hydrologic data forthe upper Arkansas Riverbasin. Colorado. 1986-89

Geocnemical and LeadIsotope data for stream andlake sediments

Kimball,CaDender andAxtmann(USGS)

S.E. Church(USGS)

Relationships Between Metals Nelson andand Hyporheic Invertebrate 'Richard (BOR)Community Structure

"publish: bate :. •. .' RleName •

07/01/94;samples.data

09/29/99) mfg.mdb

1 1/05/OOjcsuarkwq.mdb

01/24/OOiarkansas.dbf

j . ...01/13/99JH2O.CDOW.data.w

jb3

Soil and VegetationJData.xls

02/10/97 96soildata.mdb

01/16/98j97soildata.mdb

|98 Monitoring WelllData.mdbi

!1999weHs.mdb;T-ILocations-2.mdbhttp://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/pub/open-file-reports/ofr-97-0492/state/nure_co.htm

I

;s_rockies.remap.midb

02/11/00,

04/26/90

06/01/89;

04/25/39

02/02/90

03/01/95J

01/01/93;j

I03/13/99

"••.DaleEntered: MJn Date'"

12/14/99 01/01/01

01/19/00 11/11/1103/07/00 11/08/39

02/09/00 06/26/22

]03/23/00 j 09/17/96

03/03/00

05/22/00

08/1 5/87

09/12/96

05/22/00 j 10/17/97

05/04/00 ! 06/09/93

05/04/00

03/22/00

03/22/99

04/07/76

06/13/00 04/01/10I

06/14/00 09/12/94

02/1 5/00 06/16/06

05/25/00 10/01/89

04/09/01

05/22/00

06/22/00

06/01/88

10/01/98

10/25/89

04/05/01 | 10/01/88

08/14/00 07/01/93

03/06/01 07/07/92

Max Date

01/21/94

11/20/9810/13/99

04/11/99

09/02/99

08/15/87

12/10/96

10/17/97

11/09/98

10/29/99

09/19/79

12/19/99

Tola)Result'Count-

118477

1664

44174

4162

200

Media

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!6938 6938 j

3429

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147897

09/05/95 141

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10/01/89

06/01/88

10/01/98

11/02/89

05/01/89

203157

148

915

100

184

879

768

3429

i

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2361 i ! I 48;

I

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07/01/93 680!

i10/07/97 72

I

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319 i 194341"

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100 i

147

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J:\010004VTask 3...\Appendices\App_C1_Tbl_1o3_dataSources.xls

Table C,-lPage 1 of2 10/22/2002

Data Sources for the Upper ARecord Count b

Site Characterization Databaseand Data Source

UNRD#

LNRD-050

LNRD-051

LNRD-052

LNRD-054

USGS 1992-96 Soil. SW & GW data

Resurrection Database - Groundwater,Pore Water. Sediment and Surface WaterDala

OU4 Cal Gulch Eco RA

USFWS Sediment Samples (1998)

LNRDJ055 CDOW/BOR/CSU 1995-1999 WQ Datafrom CDOW

LNRD-057 BLM July 2000 Soil/Sediment Data (2ndimport, private land data)

LNRD-058 .2000 Monitoring Well Data

LNRD-060

LNRD-061

LNRD-062

LNRD-063

LN"RD-664

LNRD-065

2000 spring/storm SW data, OU6/CalGulch, collected by Colorado MountainCollege

Surface soils data - 0 to 2 inches

Ecology & Environment, Surface andGroundwater data. Cal Gulch/ArkansasRiver area (1983)

1995-1996 Sediment data from CSU

USGS Semi-Annual Water Level Data

GW data for well at Dr. Smiths residence

LNRD-068 iCDPHEGW Dala (1984-2001)

i

•I111tSs

USGS

Shepherd-Miller

S. M. Sloller

USFWS

Effects of Fluvial Tailings onSoils and Surface andGroundwater- UpperArkansas River, Colorado,1992-96

Katie Walton-Day et al.(USGS)

Resurrection Database i Shepherd-Milleri

Screening-Level Ecological JS.M. SlollerRisk Assessment OU4California Gulch Superfund :Site i

USFWS Sediment Samples jUSFWS

CDOW CDOW/BOR/CSU 1995-1999WQ Data from CDOW

BLM

URS OperatingServices (EPA)EPA - Mike Holmes

Walsh

Ecology &Environment, Inc.

CSU

Davies,Clements, et al.

BLM July 2000 Soil/Sediment BLMData i

Upper Arkansas 2000Monitoring Well Data2000 Spring/Storm SurfaceWater Data - OU6/Cal Gulch

v • T: • -•;

•-.''••Date:'/01/01/00

•'.: '• '.';.• '"''•' '

• *: FSeNanw

WRIR99-4273.mdb

jdbforMFG.mdb

12/10/96

/.Entered •08/02/00

07/31/00

MinDaUr

09/01/92

04/26/94

02/27/01 01/07/94

05/01/98 SEDIMENT • 04/25/01 i 07/30/96pooled.xls i i

1 1/01/01 [Reportdbf i 06/15/01 06/05/96

EPA/URS

CDM Federal

Surface soils data - 0 to 2 jwaisriinchesSurface and Groundwater {Ecology &data, Cal Gulch/Arkansas Environment,River area Inc.

1995-1996 Sediment datafrom CSU

Clements (CSU)

USGS j USGS Upper Arkansas Basin JMike HaleySemi-Annual Well Network j(USGS)(Water Levels 196 3-2000)

iURS/EPA Preliminary EPA GW data for

well at Dr. Smiths residence

CDPHE CDPHE GW Data (1984-2001)

EPA/URS

CDPHE

j 03/07/01 07/06/00| !

Max Date.

09/01/92

09/16/99

10/04/95

05/14/98

10/01/99

' 08/02/00

2000 Monitoring j 12/06/00 06/15/00 08/30/00Well Data.mdb | !

01/18/OOitblChemRes cal gul j 04/05/01!OU 6TEMPjds,IblChemResTEMP.

ids

05/04/00 08/21/00

03/15/00;mfgsails.mdb 04/24/01 j 05/29/86

!06/20/83! 06/18/01

06/21/01

08/24/01

02/15/83

sedimenLHarrahy.x 06/19/01 08/10/95tS i

table.upark 06/26/01 08/05/63

DocsWellCombined.xls

Metals, dbf,Colo_src.dbf

07/25/01 05/07/01

09/04/01 07/23/84

09/08/97

02/21/83

08/23/96

11/03/00

05/07/01

03/28/01

Total .ResultCount

2376

70124

3720

2070

11641

1088

2032

3341

4087

362

OW

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j

1372

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.

i288

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.. •

..•••• •

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• •• I

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2070

|

2032

226 n

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1234

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ate

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i i

1858

61738

~

11641

1088

4087

3341

136

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j

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i i

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J:\010004\Task 3...\Appendices\App_C1_Tbl_1o3_dataSources.xlsTable CrlPage 2 of2 10/22/2002

Arkansas River Outliers for Surface Water

p;f|ArkROArkROArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRI

ArkRIArkRIArkRI

ArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRI^kR1B(R1RrkR1

ArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRIArkRI

ArkRIArkRIArkR2ArkR2ArkR2Ark R2 jArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2

ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2 _j

ArkR3 jUrk Riv nr Cal Gul (AR2)

;:;ifArkRArkRArkR

ArkR jArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkR 1

ArkRArkR _,ArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkR JArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkR

ArkRArkRArkRArkRArkR

1Period 1Period 3Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2_^Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2PeriodsPeriod 3Period 3Period 3Period 3Period 3PeriodsPeriod 31

Period 3Period 3Period 3Periods

PeriodsPeriod 3Period 3Period 3Period 3PeriodsPeriodsPeriod 3Period 3,Period3Period 3Periods

Ark R iPeriod 3ArkRArkRArkRArkRArkR

ArkRArkRArkRArkR jArkRArkRArkRArkRArkR~|ArkRArkRArkRArkRArkRArkR

ArkR

ArkRIrk Riv nr Cal Gul (AR2) [ArkR

Wrk Riv nr Cal Gul (AR2) !Ark R|Ark Riv nr Cal Gul (AR2) JArk R

Period 3Period 3

Period 3Period 3Period 3PeriodsIPeriod 3Period 1Period 1Period 1Period 2Period 2

..'•.:':'.' .'I ••!.*';• '•< . to t - . ••Lead, TotalCopper, Dissolved

Cadmium. TotalCadmium, TotalCadmium, TotalCopger. DissolvedCopper, TotalCopper, TotalCopper, TotalCopper, TotalLead, TotalLead, TotalLead. TotalZinc, DissolvedZinc, DissolvedZinc, DissolvedZinc, DissolvedZinc, TotalZinc. TotalZinc, TotalZinc, TotalCadmium, DissolvedCadmium. DissolvedCadmium, DissolvedCadmium, DissolvedCadmium, DissolvedCadmium, DissolvedCadmium, DissolvedCadmium, TotalCadmium, TotalCopper, DissolvedCopper, DissolvedCopper, TotalCopper, TotalCopper, Total

Hardness

, ";;£. :'/' •j

11/13/1970 L5/3/19955/8/1991

9/11/19919/12/1991

HHLL

11/19/1986) L

3/25/19851 L5/8/1991 i H9/11/19919/12/19913/25/19859/11/19919/12/1 99"l2/16/19833/25/198511/19/19865/26/1987,5/8/19916/27/1991

9/11/19919/12/19915/6/1993

5/17/19935/22/19935/24/19935/6/19985/4/20005/11/20005/6/19985/4/20005/6/1893 j5/17/1993

5/6/19935/11/19935/15/19935/6/1993

Hardness | 9/17/1996HardnessHardnessLead, DissolvedLead, TotalLead, TotalZinc, DissolvedTine, DissolvedZinc, DissolvedZinc, DissolvedZinc, DissolvedZinc, DissolvedZinc, DissolvedZinc, DissolvedZinc, Dissolved

Zinc, DissolvedZinc, TotalHardnessHardnessHardnessCadmium, TotalCadmium. Total

Period 2 {Copper, Total'Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 3Period 3

Periods

Copper, TotalLead, TotalLead, TotalZinc, TotalZinc, TotalCopper, Dissolved

HardnessCadmium, Dissolved

Period 3 ICadmium, DissolvedPeriod 3 Lead. DissolvedPeriod 3 Lead, TotalPeriod 3 iZlnc. Total

11/20/19982/10/19995/11/20005/15/19935/11/20005/1/19935/6/19935/9/1993

5/17/19935/22/1993

Sta

ndan

dYat

utf'-

0.40.0560.0430.2510.08520.040.1890.3~63~

L t 0.687LL

0.3330.439

Ll 1.2rLj 1.09

L 1 2.9L 2.97LHHHLLHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHLLLHHHHHHH

H

2.438.62420.737.915.30.030.0290~0170.0170.0560.054

, 6.0270.0560.0610.068

' 6.067

0.1560.155

i 0.145414276334

292.80.780.3470.594.97.453.45

I 4.763.05

5/24/1993 j H 2.775/8/19963/13/1997j

HL

4/1/1997 t L4/22/19971 L

5/6/19935/18/19669/13/19661/18/19679/11/1991

HH

2.712.582.852.517.8

476.05883L ! 421. 64868L {300.08178L 0.0964

9/11/1991 i L 0.05879/11/1991^9/11/19919/11/19919/11/19919/11/19919/11/1991

L i 0.254L 6.213'LLLL

8/30/1995! L

4/8/1999 j L

5/6/1 998 _{ H_

"5/lT/2o66"i"H

0.8130.45223.411.7

0.078

3140.03

0.0265/1 1/2000 | H 0.575/1 1/2000 I H 0.65

6/21/1998! L 7.654

HImg/L

mg/L

Rea

uHIp

--

-':

•

106309.143001

mg/L 394197mg/L jj 44074mg/L 144080mg/L 385142mg/L L 132687mg/L j 394198mg/L 144076mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

144062r132689

144077144083747057

mg/L [ 132690mg/L j 385147mg/L j 132641

mg/L 394199mg/L ! 168017mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L .

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L 'mg/L

mg_/L ,

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

144079J 44085

149774149841149868149885394326722707722659394327722708

ri49776149843149777

149809149831149788465199465341465579722667149834722668149772149789149806149855149883149900394297150672150689150706149790

^226799226810226821125305,125311125307

mg/L f 1253 13mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

125308125314125310125316125340

466106394497

mg/L | 722609mg/L JJ22617mg/L | 722618mg/L ! 464917

i 'i '

934913

1086

1086

1086

9131033

1033

1033

1033

934934934960960960960

1132

1132

1132

1132

947947

947947947947

1086

1086

913913

1033

1033

1033r 845

845845845837934934960960960960960

960960960960960

1132

845845845

1086

1086

1033

1033

934934

1132

1132

913845947947837934

1132

•: o-',.V

,..*..

0.0220.0050.0030.0030.003

0.0050.012

0.0120.012

0.0120.0220.0220.0220.2960.296

l||0.0770.008

0.01

0.01

6.01

0.0080.0320.0320.0320.0320.0776.0770.0770.5320.532

0.296J 0.5320.2960.5740.5740.57410.5741

0.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0020.0021

0.0030.0030.0056.0050.012

0.0120.012

88.37488.37488.37488.374

0.0040.0220.0220.2960.2960.2960.296,0.2966.2960.2960.2960.2960.2960.574

88.374

0.5321.735

1.7351.735

1.7350.0040.0040.0040.0040.0040.0046.004

0.01

0.01

0.0080.0080.032

0.0320.032

45.144

45.14445.14445.1440.0340.077

F 0.0770.5320.5320.5320.5320.5320.5320.5320.5320.532

I 0.532

' 1.73545.144

88.374J 45.14488.3741 45.144

0.003! 0.010.003] 0.010.012] 0.0326.0121 6.0320.022J 0.0770.0220.57410.5740.005

88.3740.002

0.077

1.7351.735

0.00845.1440.004

0.0021 0.0040.004 0.034

0.022! 0.0770.574: 1.735

|jjf

0.33

0.0370.043

I 0.04~36.043

L 0.0370.14

0.14

0.14

0.14

0.33

0.33

0.33

2.4242.4242.4242.4247.514,7.514

7.514

7.5141

0.0180.018

0.018

0.0180.018

0.018

0.0180.0430.0430.033]0.037

0.14

0.14

0.14

268.95268ll5268.95268.95

0.14

0.33

0.33

2.4242.424

2.4242.4242.4242.4242.4242.4242.424

2.424I

7.514

268.95268.95268.950.0430.043

0.14

0.14

0.331

0.33

7.514J7.5_t4J

0.037268.95,

0.018

0.0180.14

0.33

7.514

|||

LNRD-001LNRD-006

, LNRD-010I~LNRD-006

LNRD-006LNRD-031LNRD-006LNRD-010LNRD-006LNRD-006LNRD-006LNRD-006LNRD-006LNRD-062LNRD-006

LNRD-031LNRO-006LNRD-010

J.NRp-011LNRD-006LNRD-006LNRD-01 1LNRD-011LNRD-011LNRD-011LNRD-010LNRD-060LNRD-060LNRD-010LNRD-060LNRD-01 1LNRD-01 1LNRD-01 1

LNRD-01 1LNRD-011LNRD-011

LNRD-015LNRD-01 SLNRO-015LNRD-060LNRD-011LNRD-060LNRD-01 1LNRD-011

LNRD-011LNRD-011LNRD-01 1LNRD-011

LNRD-010LNRD-01 1LNRD-011LNRD-011

LNRD-011LNRD-031LNRD-031LNRD-031LNRD-006LNRD-006LNRD-006LNRD-006LNRO-006LNRD-006LNRD-006LNRD-006LNRD-006LNRD-015LNRD-010

LNRD-060LNRD-060LNRD-060LNRD-015

J:\010004\Task 3-SCR\Appendices\App_C1_Tbl_2o3_outliers.xls

Table C,-2Page I of 2

California Gulch Outliers for Surface Water

"' •- ' . "* L '• ,'• ',-.,•;>! . '.|Bt:-::.-x.W • .. - at- •Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch j

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

fel Gulch

m\ Gulch

Eal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal Gulch

Cal GulchCal Gulch

Wat

erbo

dy ;

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Cal Gulch

Nugget Gl

Runoff

Runoff

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Parshall Flume

Stray Horse Gl

Parshall Flume

Nugget Gl

Nugget Gl

Nugget Gl

Nugget Gl

Runoff

Runoff

^Nugget Gl

Nugget Gl

Nugget Gl

Nugget Gl

Nugget Gl

Nugget Gl

Nugget Gl

Runoff

Runoff

Nugget Gl

Nugget Gl

Nugget Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl _Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Cal Gulch

Oregon Gl

Cal Gulch

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon Gl

Oregon GlOregon Gl

Cal Gulch 'Oregon GlCal Gulch [Oregon GlCal Gulch Oregon GlCal Gulch-At Ark Riv (Cal Gulch

V;S '•

•>!'•"Period 2

[Period 2

Period 2

Period 2

Periods

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

, Period 3

[Period 3"

lPenod3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Periods

Period 3

feriod 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Periods

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Periods

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Periods

Period 3

Period 3

Period 3

Periods

Periods

Periods

Periods

Period 3Period 3Period 3PeriodsPeriod 3Period 2

O^l'^y:

V :i '',. co''. ''.- '".Zinc, Dissolved

Zinc, Total

Zinc, Total

Zinc. Total

Cadmium, Dissolved

Cadmium, Total

Cadmium, Total

Cadmium, Total

Cadmium. Total

Cadmium, Total

Cadmium, Total

Cadmium, Total

Cadmium, Total

Copper, Dissolved

Copper, Dissolved

Copper, Dissolved

Copper, Dissolved

Copper, Dissolved

Copper, Dissolved

Copper, Dissolved

Copper, Dissolved

Copper, Dissolved

Copper, Total

Copper, Total

Copper, Total

Copper, Total

Copper, Total

Copper, Total

Copper, Total

Copper, Total

Copper, Total

Hardness

Hardness

Hardness

Hardness

Hardness

Hardness

Hardness

Hardness

Hardness

Lead, Dissolved

Lead, Dissolved

Lead. Total

Lead, Total

Zinc, Dissolved

Zinc, Dissolved

Zinc, Dissolved

Zinc, Dissolved

Zinc, Dissolved

Zinc, Dissolved

Zinc, Dissolved

Zinc, Dissolved

Zinc, Dissolved

Zinc. Total

Zinc, Total

Zinc, Total

Zinc, Total

Zinc, TotalZinc, TotalZinc, TotalZinc, TotalZinc. TotalCadmium, Total

•,". ' . .1 ..;:; *'• :'.f., . ' • ' .

''••$-$*

•••>!••?6/12/1991

5/2/1991

6/12/1991

7/24/1991

5/8/1996

6/15/1995"

6/16/1995

5/15/1997

8/29/1997

9/30/1997

5/1 1/2000

5/1 1/2000

5/11/2000

6/15/1995

6/26/1995

6/6/1996

5/15/1997

5/15/1997

6/3/1997

6/3/1997

6/3/1 997_

6/4/1997

6/15/1995

6/26/1995

6/6/1996

5/15/1997

5/15/1997

6/3/1997

6/3/1997

6/3/1997

6M/1997

5/4/1995

7/26/1995

_7/n/1996_

7/30/1997"

6/26/1997

8/29/1997

9/30/1997

5/28/1998

9/23/1998

6/6/1996

4/30/1997

6/6/1996

4/30/1997

5/4/1995

7/26/1995

7/11/1996

4/30/1997

6/26/1997

8/29/1997

9/30/1997

J/28/1998

9/23/1998

5/4/1995

7/26/1995

7/11/1996

4/30/1997

6/26/19978/29/19979/30/19975/28/19989/23/19989/11/1991

'at.

H

H

HHHH

HH

LLH

HH

H

HH

HH

H

H

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HHHH

HH

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H

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LLHLH

LHL

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L

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LH

LHH

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559

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mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

1.D2 mg/L

1.11.3

1.06

1.21

i 1.07

12

2919.5

11.1

42.5

21.5

16

15.5

isT "12.8

28

18.7

11.1

38.7

20.3

16.6

16.7

17.8

9620

8610

6420

7130

12400

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7960

14000

697

670709700

712

596438542

920917951

6381170

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590482504

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9016121100

"""1.53

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

jmg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L as CaCOS

mg/L as CaCOS

mg/L as CaCOS

mg/L as CaCOS

mg/L as CaCOS

mg/L as CaCOS

mg/L as CaCOS

mg/L as CaCOS

mg/L as CaCOS

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

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681793 844

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683457

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682364

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682232

681665

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32.421

0.149

0.115

0.1150.115

0.1150.1150.115

0.1150.115

0.743

0.743

0.743

0.743

0.743

0.743

0.743

0.743

0.743

0.83

0.83

0.83

0.83

0.83

0.83

0.83

0.83

0.83

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594.1r 594.1

594.1

594.1594.1

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594.1594.11.995

1.9952.927

2.927

29.08

29.08

29.08

29.08

29.08

29.08

29.08

29.08

29.08

32.421

32.421

32.421

32.421

32.42132.42132.42132.42132.421

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96.319L 417.697

96.319 417.697

96.3191 417.697

1.321J 5.433

0.2231 1.007

0.223I 1.007

0.223L 1.007

0.223

0.223

1.0071.007

0.223! 1.007

0.223 1.007

0.223, 1.007P 2.532j 10.871

2.532

2.532

2.532

10.871

10.871

10.871

2.5321 10.871

2.532! 10.871

2.532

2.532

~ ~'2.532

2.508

2.508

2.508

2.508

2.508

2.508

2.508

2.508

10.871

10.871

~ 10.871

10.862

10.862

10.862

10.862

10.862

10.862

10.862

10.862

2.508J 10.862

1272.36| 5683.547

1272.36! 5683.547

1 272.36] "5683.547

1272.36

1272.36

1272.36

1272.36

1272.36

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35.471

35.471

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90.11

90.1190.11

90.11

90.11

90.1190.11

90.1196.319

5683.547

5683.547

5683.547

5683.547

5683.547

5683.547

139.235

139.235

144.811

144.811

389.52

3B9.52

389.52

389.52

389.52

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389.52

389.52

389.52

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96.319! 417.697

96.319] 417.69796.319! 417.69796.319! 417.69796.319! 417.69796.319 417.6970.223 ! 1.007

mm;$Jg

LNRO-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-060

LNRD-060

LNRD-060

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-051

J-NRD-qSJ

INRDÔSILNRD-051

LNRD-051

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-006

j-NRD-poeLNRD-006LNRD-006LNRD-006LNRD-006LNRD-006LNRD-006

J:\010004\Task 3 • SCR\Appendices\App_C1_Tbl_2o3_oulliers.xls

Table C,-2Page 2 of 2

for LNRD.Db'September 06,2001

WeONameWellDtameterkirfeoeSevabonTOCBevattonTDWdLBTOCIDBor.BGSfopSan BGS3otSan_BGS-rydroUnHropSnd BGSBctSnd.BGSOwnerNameDwnerCoOwnerAddressOwneOty3wnerSt3wner2Ip

wOnvnents3ata Source

DataStelDRegionDrainageWaterbodySummaryZoneSubZone

t— MFGStattonName&NameCode

OriglnalSfteNameOriglnalAfiasdescriptionOthoOriglnalDataMFGCommentLTTMEUTMNOrtglnaLXOrigmal_YGoordlnatESystemCoonlnatePredslonElevationBevatlonUnltBevatlonêdslonIJEM_MTRDWUnftDeiPredskxiTypeCodeTypeCodeSource

flWatertxxlyCodeWBCodeSourceSouiceRefS»a_Buf_IDSta_Dup_ID

JourtEOtgantatton

TftteLongTitteAuthorContactPubOshDateFDeNameDateEnteredContribAgendesOtaoonNo

aampllngAgencylampllngEventrypeCodeSampleMeolaDatenmeDepthNn

DepthUnlt'lotes

r'SourctRef

lesuftlDOB

^ "arameterCodeValueLabQuaffierOtherQuallner

ParameterCodeStendardAnalyteStandardUnltMuttjplierGroupMatrixOriglnalAnalyteOrighalCodeOrigtnalUnltLabOifieWAnatyUcalMethodNotes

JmftJmitType*)tesIFGQuaDtyIFGQuaDnerDupBcateHag

J:\OI0004\Tnsfc 3 - SCR\Appcndiccs\App_CI.TbL3o3_rclalionship.doc Table C,-3

APPENDIX C2

Biological Data

Other Electronic Datasets

Biological Data

(Other Electronic Datasets)

1) Chadwick and Associates, Inc. 1998. Leadville Aquatic Biological Data. (UARB-00466) CDROM.

Worksheets/spreadsheets.

2) Clements, Will. 2000. Tables and Figures, CDOW Fish Data 1994-1999. CDROM. Spreadsheet.

3) Keammerer (via Redente). 2000. 1986/1987 Soil and Vegetation Metals Data. (LNRD-016) CDROM.

Spreadsheet.

4) Archuleta,A. 2001. USFWS Dipper Data.

5) Archuleta, A. 2001. USFWS; Small mammal data compiled by USFWS from SM Stoller Corporation

1996 Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment, Operable Unit No. 4; and Woodward Clyde 1993

Terrestrial Ecosystem Evaluation Report.

J:\OI0004\TASK 3 - SCR\APPENDICES\APP_C2_BIO.DOC C2" 1

APPENDIX C3

Station Lists of Sampling Locations

Station Lists

I"1• to(/)

GWGW

GWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGW

GW

GWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGW

lpit!;;'ll,;.rf.N, •;:.:-..;£.;, ,?..,K.*-.ArkROArkRO

ArkROArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2

ArkRZ

ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR3ArkR3ArkRSArkR3ArkR3ArkR3ArkR3ArkR3ArkR3ArkR3ftrkRSArkR3ftrkR3ArkR3ArkR3<VrkR3ftrkR3

C?»tf&£&liPm^•K-g-":.LNRD-031LNRD-031

LNRD-062LNRD-068LNRD-068LNRD-031LNRD-031LNRD-031LNRO-064LNRD-006LNRO-039LNRD-051LNRD-021LNRD-023LNRD-058LNRD-021LNRD-023LNRD-058LNRD-021LNRD-023LNRD-058LNRD-021LNRD-023LNRD-058LNRD-021LNRD-023LNRD-058LNRD-023LNRD-058LNRD-023LNRD-058LNRD-023LNRD-058LNRD-023LNRD-058LNRD-023LNRD-058LNRD-064LNRD-031NRD-031

NRD-062

NRD-062NRD-062NRD-065

LNRD-021NRD-023NRD-058NRD-021NRD-023NRD-056NRD-021NRD-023NRD-058NRD-021NRD-023NRD-058NRD-031NRD-064NRD-031NRD-050NRD-050

LNRD-050NRD-050NRD-050NRO-050NRD-050NRD-050NRD-050NRD-050NRD-050NRD-050NRD-050NRD-050

•îVj ;iv/n;,^j.::^V.

sis3914551062114039150110619500

GW205133100-001133400-0013912401062027039125710620380039131010621170039131310621100NW-14NW-14NW-14UMW01UMW01UMW01UMW02UMW02UMW02UMW03UMW03UMW03UMW04UMW04UMW04UMW05UMW05UMW05UMW13UMW13UMW14AUMW14AUMW14BUMW14BUMW15AUMW15AUMW15BUMW15B911371062101029113610621050091153106201200

GW201

GW202GW203

T1GWMW06MW06MW06MW07MW07MW07MW08MW08MW08MW09MW09MW09907461061902009074610619020090908106174400WT1-1WT1-2WT1-3WT1-4WT2-1WT2-2WT2-3WT2-4WT2-5WT3-1WT3-2WT3-3WT3-4WT3-5

Groundwater sampling locations

SC00908020DCBSC00908021CAASample from a well on undeveloped land bordering the east side of the Arkansas Riverapproximately .5 miles south of the East Fork confluence.Lake Fork MHP, Blend TankMt Elbert TP, Well #1SC01008004BCDSC00908033CCDSC00908032DAC

Arkansas River at trailer park

Groundwater monitoring well

SC01008008ADCSC01008C09ABCSample collected from a spring pool north of a ranch on County Road 44. south ofeadville.ample collected from a spring pool north of a ranch on County Road 44, south ofeadville.ample from the kitchen tap in a residence, on County Road 44, south of Leadville.

C01008034DCC

C01008026BCD

$,'•'&;'':';' 0-,Vi'-.a'.$;§>?_

249249

221922292230

247247247

2226455

20342046199541996206619951996{206619951996206619951997120661995819971206691997920677199802067819981206791998220680199832068122263

24722473

22189

221902219122266199591997220670199601997320671199611997420672199621997520673

246822262

24702058120582205832058420585205862058720588205892059020591205922059320594

a':;''b'.;,.S3''$*?;*n-::•••' 55 •

616558

4521664178(176C17K165E1635165516681655176717671767180C180C18001831183118311844184.1844184184184(1793179318321832183:18321355185E185!185!192?192!1911

1928

1930192J192S1877187718771878187{187t188718871887189C189C189C223(2240213C212021-1621 1£2112211321112108107102106103101096093

App_C3_Station Lists.xls Page 1 of 3 10/29/2002

Station ListsGroundwater sampling locations

1Mffl

'•»

1;ffi

GWGWGWGWGWGWUWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGW

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LNRD-058LNRD-023LNRD-058LNRD-068.NRD-068.NRD-068.NRD-068.NRD-068

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Sample from a dug well behind a residence on South highway 24, Leadville.

Pinon Pines MHP, Well #1Snowy Peaks RV & MHP, Well #1 - Irrigation onlySnowy Peaks RV & MHP, Well #2Snowy Peaks RV & MHP, Well #4 (aka NEW WELL)Snowy Peaks RV & MHP, Pipeline for Wells #2 & #4Buena Vista Correctional Fac., CisternColleqiate Valley MV. Block WellMt Princeton MHP & RVP, Well #1Shangri La TC, Well #1Valley MHP. Blend Tank #1Chateau Chaparrel CG, Well #1Chateau Chaparral CG. Wall #2

C01407805BADC01307831BDB

C01107931CDAesslers MHP. Well #1 / Westesslers MHP, Wells #1 and #2

PIRAL COLD SPRING

A05000931BAB

A05000825BCC

A05000822DABA05000821AAC

ig Springs TP, Big Springountain Vista Villaqe, Pump House TankA04801231BBD

A04801129ACC

ANON CITY HOT SPRING

A49-10-20CDOA49-10-20CDCWISSVALE WARM SPRING AWISSVALE WARM SPRING FWISSVALE COLD SPRINGELLSVILLE WARM SPRING

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192022248

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19362225022251

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Station Lists

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LNRD-062LNRD-062LNRD-023LNRD-058LNRD-068LNRD-068LNRD-068LNRD-068LNRD-068LNRD-068LNRD-068LNRD-031LNRD-031LNRD-031LNRD-031LNRD-031

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Groundwater sampling locations

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SC01907011AAA

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Sampled from a tap from the well in a Leadville residence, on Highway 300, Leadville.Sampled from a kitchen tap in a Leadville residence, on Highway 300. Leadville.

Mountain View Village West, Tank - no longer in useMountain View Village West, Well #1Mountain View Village West. Common PiplineVillage at East Fork, Well #1Mountain View Village East, Well #1Mountain View Village East, Chlorination FacilityOld Pines, Well #1SC00908012ACASC09-79-06BDBSC00907906BADSC00807932DBDSC00807910DDDCollected sample from a kitchen tap at a Molly Brown Trailer Park residence, north ofLeadville.collected sampled from a tap near the well in a wellhouse after a storage tank in Sansabel Trailer Park, Leadville.

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Station ListsSediment sampling locations

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LNRD-041NRD-041NRD-024NRD-024NRD-024NRD-024NRD-024NRD-044NRD-044NRD-041NRD-054NRD-054NRD-024NRD-024NRD-024NRD-044NRD-044NRD-044NRD-044NRD-044NRD-041NRD-041NRD-041NRD-041NRD-054NRD-054NRO-054NRD-054NRD-054NRD-054NRD-054

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Arkansas River approximately 0.5 miles downstream of confluence with California GulcArkansas @Cal GulchHatchery Rd. - below Cal GulchArkansas River -Below California Gulch

Highway 24 BridgeSmith BridgeArkansas River -Near Malta

At County Road 55 near KobeOld Highway 24 BridgeCounty Road 55 BridgeARKANSAS RIVER

Ark above Lake Ck. Conn.

Granitepproximately 3 km downstream from Graniteuena Vista

Granite BridgeRR Bridge ffl BalltownJuena Vista Ballfield

Ark below Lake Ck. Confl.Arkansas River -At GraniteArkansas River -At Buena VistaArkansas River -Near Nathrop

Arkansas River -At Salidapiral Driverowns Canyon

Vrkansas River -Near WellsvilleVrkansas River -At CotopaxiArkansas River -At ParkdaleKansas River -At Canon Cityeedlot Bridgeportsmans Bridgeallie Bridgereens Houseoaldale Bridgeotopaxi Bridgead Spot in Road

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Station ListsSediment sampling locations

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PUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 4APUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 48PUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 4CPUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE T3TPUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 3APUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 38'UEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 3C'UEBLO RESERVOIR SITE T3T

PUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 2A'UEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 2B

PUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 2C

Arkansas River -At PortlandPortlandPUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE T7TPUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE T6T1PUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 6APUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 7APUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE T5TPUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE T5TPUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 5APUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 6CPUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 5C'UEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 7B'UEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 6E

PUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 5EPUEBLO RESERVOIR SITE T6T2

UEBLO RESERVOIR SITE 7C

rkansas River -Above California Gulchmmediately upstream from California Gulchatcherv Rd. - above Cal Gulchatchery Road Bridgealifomia Gulch immediately upstream of confluence with Arkansas Riveralifomia Gulch

ast Fork @ Tenn. Creekast Fork of the Arkansas River at the crossing of Highway 24ast Fork of the Arkansas River immediately upstream from Tennessee Creekast Fork @ Cabinspper East Fork

Vkansas River -Near Leadville

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Station ListsSoil sampling locations (excluding airshed samples)

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Station ListsSurface water sampling locations

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SW

SW

SW

SW

SWSW

SWSW

SW

SWSWSWSW

SWSWSWSWSW

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SW

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SW

SWSWSW

SWSW

SWSWSWSWSWSW

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SW

SWSWSW

SW

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ArkRO

ArkRO

ArkRO

ArkRO

ArkRO

ArkROArkRO

ArkROArkRO

ArkRO

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ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1

ArkR1

ArkR1

ArkR1

ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1ArkR1

ArkR1

ArkR1ArkR2ArkR2

ArkR2ArkR2

ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2ArkR2

ArkR2

ArkR2

*rkR2<VrkR3Ikrk R3

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LNRD-031LNRD-025LNRD-031LNRD-031

LNRD-006

LNRD-010

LNRD-010

LNRD-015

LNRD-049

LNRD-051LNRO-055

LNRD-051LNRD-006

LNRD-006

LNRD-062LNRD-011LNRD-011LNRO-031

LNRD-006LNRD-010LNRD-010LNRD-015NRD-055

NRD-006

NRD-051

NRD-055

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NRD-006


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NRD-006

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AR-1

AR-1

AR-1

AR-1

AR-1AR-1

AR-1 2F8UP

SW105

SW10525150-25191313106212000

AR-3AR-3AR-3AR-3AR-3

AR-3A

AR-3A

AR-3a

AR-3AAR-3BAR-3EAR-3WCH2-SW-14

8DNim-25ARB-AR-4

W111

W11170837007083700

R-4R-4

R-tR-4R-40

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W101

W101

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R-5

ARKANSAS R. BELOW LEAOVILLE. COLArkansas River near Leadville CO.ARKANSAS RIVER NEAR LEADVILLE, CO.1 ARKANSAS RIVER NEAR LEADVILLE, CO.Arkansas River upstream of confluence with California Gulch, approximately 0.25 milesdownstream of confluence with Tennessee Creek (ARCS')Gauging station on Arkansas River immdiately downstream from confluence of EastFork and Tennessee CreekGauging station on Arkansas River immdiately downstream from confluence of EastFork and Tennessee CreekGauging station on Arkansas River immdiately downstream from confluence of EastFork and Tennessee CreekArkansas River at USGS gaging station immediately downstream from the confluencewith Tennessee Creek and East Fork Arkansas RiverArkansas River upstream of confluence with California Gulch, approximately 0.25 milesdownstream of the confluence with Tennessee CreekArkansas River at Leadville (at USGS Gage)

Arkansas River upstream of confluence with California Gulch, between AR-1 and AR-2:LUVIAL TAILINGS SURFACE WATER

SAMPLE FROM YH£ ARKANSAS RIVER, OFF^ THE EAST BANK, AT A U.S.G.S.GAGING STATION ON THE RIVER, APPX .25 Ml SOUTHWEST OF LEAOVILLEJUNCTION.Sample from the Arkansas River, off the east bank, at a USGS gaging station on theriver, aooroximatelv.25 miles southwest of Leadville Junction.Below California Glelow California G/25.020

ARKANSAS RIVER BLW CALIFORNIA GULCHApproximately 0.5 km downstream of California Gulch, after complete mixing occurs withthe Arkansas River50 m downstream from CG50 m downstream from CG50 m downstream from CG

Arkansas River blw California Gulch (east bank)

Arkansas River approximately 0.5 miles downstream of confluence with California Gulch

rkansas River approximately 0.5 miles downstream of confluence with California Gulch/4 mile ds of Cal Gulch on Harry Becks property, just south of the AR3 station on Editheppis property

rkansas River approximately 0.5 miles downstream of confluence with California Gulch

East 1/3 Arkansas River in mixing zone with California Gulch (AR3 & AR03')West 2/3 Arkansas River In mixing zone with California Gulch water (AR03*)

OWNSTREAM OF CA. GULCH/ARKANSAS RIVER CONFLUENCELUVIAL TAILINGS SURFACE WATER

Arkansas River -Below California GulchRKANSAS RIVER STATION #4AMP FRM E SIDE OF ARKANSAS RVR APPX .25 Ml S OF THE CONFLUNCE W/AL GULCH JUST S OF STATE HWY 300ample from the east bank of the Arkansas River approximately .25 miles south of the

Confluence with California Gulch, just south of State Highway 300.•kansas River near Malta CO.RKANSAS RIVER NEAR MALTA, CO.

Vkansas River approximately 0.5 miles downstream of confluence with Lake ForkAR02-)

Ml: Arkansas River approximately 0.5 miles downstream of confluence with Lake Fork;older Arkansas River below confluence with Halfmoon Creek - Lake Fork

Vkansas River blw Lake Fork and Halfmoon Ck

Vkansas River -Below Lake Fork\rkansas River -Near MaltaARKANSAS RIVER STATION #5AMP FRM THE ARKANSAS RVR NEAR CTY RD 44, S OF LEADVILLE 25 FTPSTREAM OF A RANCH BRIDGE (CROSNG ARKANSAS) OFF THE E BANKample from Arkansas River near County Road 44, south of Leadville, 25 ft upstream ofranch bridge (crossing the Arkansas) off the e bank.ample from the east bank of the Arkansas River approximately 100 feet upstream ofe bridge at the river crossing and State Highway.

Vkansas River below Empire Gulch near Malta CO.RKANSAS RIVER BELOW EMPIRE GULCH NEAR MALTA, COkansas River upstream of confluence with Empire Gulch and approximately 0.25 miles

ownstream of Hwy. 24 bridge (AROT)

II

952033

98249

78

278

1994

1993

2101

20362214

203644

67

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2479

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199441993422145

793

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1595

1626198?199C

1920924

920924869909943927

916

923

986042042

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Station Lists

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SWSWSW

SWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSW

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LNRD-051-NRD-055-NRD-050LNRD-050LNRD-050.NRD-030LNRD-006LNRD-050LNRO-050LNRO-031LNRD-015.NRD-055LNRD-055LNRD-025LNRD-031LNRD-031LNRD-011LNRD-011LNRD-011LNRD-011LNRD-031LNRD-031.NRD-011

LNRD-031LNRD-010LNRD-010LNRD-015LNRD-055LNRD-055LNRO-010LNRD-010LNRD-015LNRD-055LNRD-041LNRD-041LNRD-041LNRD-031NRD-031.NRD-031NRD-011NRD-031NRD-031NRD-031NRD-031NRD-041NRD-031NRD-031NRD-031

LNRD-031.NRD-031NRD-011NRD-011NRD-011NRD-011NRD-031NRD-031

LNRD-041NRD-041NRO-041NRD-041NRD-031NRD-031NRD-031NRD-011NRD-011NRD-011NRD-031NRD-031NRD-031NRD-031NRD-031

infillH IPW^smî"K^msAR-5AR-5AR-5

AR-5AR-5AR-65AR-67AR-70C0013MLB-AR-6PYW12rvwa390618106175400AR-6AR-6AR-6a07086000070860000708720026262728384605106054800385838106124800487157AR-7AR-7AR-7AR-7AR-7CAR-8AR-8AR-8AR-8km-46cm-71km-96000008

709120017091500183328106022100833411060244008342610604420083644106032000

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348221710541180083108105583800

km-120km-150km-183km-19400129709700070992005678164510448030081647104475300816511044743008170510449420081722104494600

Surface water sampling locations

At County Road 55 near KobeAt County Road 55 near KobeAt County Road 55 near KobeSMI: Arkansas River upstream of confluence with Empire Gulch and approximately 0.2mites downstream of Highway 24 bridge; Golder.Arkansas River below confluence withEmpire GulchArkansas River at qaqe blw Empire Gulch (near Hwy 24 bridge)

ARKANSAS RIVERARKANSAS RIVER STATION #6

ARKANSAS R AS TWOBIT GULCH NR GRANITE. CO.

Arkansas River at Balltown (blw Lake Creek)Arkansas River across from Panark LodqeArkansas Rfver at Granite CO.ARKANSAS RIVER AT GRANITE, CO.ARKANSAS RIVER AT BUENA VISTA. CO.Clarks BrMarquard Nature AreaOtero Pump StationJohnsons VillageARKANSAS R9 ARKANSAS RIVER NEAR PINE CREEK SCHOOL, CO.GraniteARKANSAS R. AB. BUENA VISTAGraniteGraniteGraniteArkansas River at Granite (at USGS gage)Arkansas River 2 miles downstream from AR7Buena VistaBuena VistaBuena VistaArkansas River at Buena Vista (at USGS gage)Arkansas River -At GraniteArkansas River -At Buena VistaArkansas River -Near NathropARKANSAS RIVER NEAR SALIDAARKANSAS RIVER NEAR NATHROP, CO.ARKANSAS RIVER AT SALIDA, CO.Shavano USGSNA49-8-1CBB C P MORGEN6 ARKANSAS RIVER NEAR BELLEVIEW. CO.

ARKANSAS RARKANSAS RIVER NEAR BROWNS CANYON BRIDGEArkansas River -At SalidaARKANSAS RIVER NEAR CANON CITYARKANSAS RIVER NEAR WELLSVILLE, CO.ARKANSAS R AT PARKDALE SIDING NEAR PARKDALE. CO.ARKANSAS RIVER AT PARKDALE. CO.

RKANSAS RIVER AT CANON CITY^ CO.tockyard Brotopaxith St Brarkdale

ARKANSAS RIVER AT COTOPAXI. COA49-09-09ABD

Arkansas River -Near WellsvilleArkansas River -At CotopaxiArkansas River -At ParkdaleArkansas River -At Canon CityRKANSAS RIVER BELOW CANON CITY

ARKANSAS RIVER AT PORTLAND, CO.RKANSAS RIVER NEAR PORTLAND. CO.

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Arkansas River approximately 300 feet upstream of confluence with California Gulch

Arkansas River at Hwy 300 (blw bridge), Immediately upstream from California GulchArkansas River approximately 300 feet upstream of confluence with California GulchAR04*)Arkansas River -Above California GulchRKANSAS RIVER STATION #2

ARKANSAS RIVER STATION #3RKANSAS ABOVE CAL GULCHalifornia Gulch at Malta CO.ALIFORNIA GULCH AT MALTA, CO.CALIFORNIA GULCH AS MOUTH, NEAR MALTA, CO.

alifomia Gulch at mouth (using Stednick CG4)

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Arkansas River -East Fork, above Leadville Draineadville Drain

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APPENDIX D

Descriptions of Mine-Waste Deposits from Chapter 2

Descriptions of Mine-Waste Deposits from Chapter 2

Reach 1 Mine-Waste Deposits

Deposit AA is located on the east side of the Arkansas River and directly north of an irrigation

return ditch that discharges at the confluence of California Gulch and the Arkansas River. It contains

approximately 8,991 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 4,259 ft2, and has an average mine-

waste depth of 2.1 ft. Samples from this deposit had average concentrations of the following metals:

cadmium, 115 mg/kg; copper, 160 mg/kg; lead, 3,900 mg/kg; and zinc, 1,700 mg/kg. No vegetation was

observed on the deposit. Erosion features (rills) and salt deposits were observed on the surface.

Deposit AB is located on the east side of the Arkansas River between an irrigation return ditch

and California Gulch. The Eastern portion of the deposit is less than 10 feet from the Arkansas River

bank. It contains approximately 32,187 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 16,685 ft2, and

has an average mine-waste depth of 1.9 ft. Samples from this deposit had average concentrations of the

following metals: cadmium, 220 mg/kg; copper, 535 mg/kg; lead, 3,900 mg/kg; and zinc 1,650 mg/kg.

Signs of erosion and salts were visible on the surface. Grasses were observed in the low area adjacent to

California Gulch.

Deposit AC comprises a portion of the east bank of the Arkansas River and is bordered on the

north by California Gulch. This deposit contains approximately 20,286 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of

approximately 31,137 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.7 ft. The deposit consists of cobble

and gravel mixed with mine-waste. Samples from this deposit had average concentrations of the

following metals: cadmium 250 mg/kg; copper 453 mg/kg; lead, 4,883 mg/kg; and zinc, 17,750 mg/kg.

Some vegetation was present on the west portion of the deposit, along the Arkansas River. Grasses were

observed in the low area adjacent to California Gulch.

Deposit AD is ten feet from the west bank of the Arkansas River across the river from the

California Gulch inflow. The 34,977 ft2 area is covered with orange stained and unstained cobbles. Salts

were present on the surface in some areas. Samples from this deposit had average concentrations of the

following metals: cadmium, 115 mg/kg; copper, 120 mg/kg; lead, 520 mg/kg; and zinc, 1,900 mg/kg.

Sparsely scattered clumps of grass were present, however the deposit is primarily non-vegetated.

Deposit AE is located on the west side of Deposit AD, west of the Arkansas River, approximately

100 feet from the riverbank. It contains approximately 146,313 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of

approximately 103,280 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 1.4 ft. Samples from this deposit had

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_D_Ch2MWD.doc D-l

average concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 414 mg/kg; copper, 698 mg/kg; lead, 8,402

mg/kg; and zinc, 26,433 mg/kg. The deposit had sparse grass and signs of dead grass and willows. There

was a thick layer of salt over most of the deposit.

Deposit AG is located on the east side of the Arkansas River adjacent to the river, and, at the

northern tip, is in contact with the riverbank. Orange stained cobble separates mine-waste material from

the river. Deposit AG has an average mine-waste depth of 0.5 ft. Samples from this deposit had average

concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 105 mg/kg; copper, 857 mg/kg; lead, 5,400 mg/kg; and

zinc, 16,600 mg/kg. Some grass and willows were observed on the deposit and some willows were dead.

Active erosion of the area along the riverbank was noted.

Deposit AH is located on the east side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank.

It contains approximately 12,893 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 14,066 ft2, and has an

average mine-waste depth of 0.9 ft. Samples from this deposit had average concentrations of the

following metals: cadmium, 95 mg/kg; copper, 290 mg/kg; lead, 3,400 mg/kg; and zinc, 2,000 mg/kg.

Healthy vegetation was observed in the east portion of the deposit and dead vegetation was noted on the

west portion of the deposit. Some salts were observed on the surface.

Deposit AI is located on the east side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank.




Vegetation was noted over most of the deposit, but there were some dead willows.

Deposit AJ is located east of the Arkansas River under power lines and away from the river. It

contains approximately 6,786 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 9,580 ft2, and has an


following metals: cadmium, 95 mg/kg; copper, 1,200 mg/kg; lead, 6,500 mg/kg; and zinc, 2,500 mg/kg.

There are some salts on the surface. The deposit was mostly barren, but several clumps of grass were

seen. There were no visible signs of erosion. The deposit appeared to be impacted by livestock.

Deposit BB is located on the west side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank.




Vegetation was noted in low-lying areas of the deposit. Signs of erosion were observed.

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_D_Ch2MWD.doc D-2

Deposit CA is located on the east side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank.



following metals: cadmium, 115 mg/kg; copper, 55 mg/kg; lead, 5,800 mg/kg; and zinc, 3, 100 mg/kg. A

cut bank, approximately 3.5 to 4 feet, showed erosion of mine-waste material into the river. Erosion

channels in the deposit were an indication of erosional activity. Dead willows and limited grass were

noted on the deposit.

Deposit CC is located on the west side of the Arkansas River and is approximately 100 feet back

from the riverbank. It contains approximately 16,792 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately

16,792 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 1.0 ft. Samples from this deposit had average

concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 85 mg/kg; copper, 1,100 mg/kg; lead, 4,800 mg/kg;

and zinc, 4,400 mg/kg. Dead vegetation was noted on the deposit.

Deposit CD is located on the east side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank.




A two- to three-foot eroding cut bank was observed adjacent to the river. The deposit contained little

vegetation, but some grass was present in the low areas, and willows surround the deposit.

Deposit CE is located on the west side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank.

Mine-waste material continues into a heavily vegetated deposit, which was sampled but not included in

the calculation of mine-waste volume. Within the heavily vegetated area is a small, unvegetated area that

was included in Deposit CE. It contains approximately 19,756 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of



mg/kg; and zinc, 2,621 mg/kg. Grasses were noted in low areas and willows surrounded the deposit, but

most of the deposit was not vegetated. A cut bank was observed along tributaries on the north, east, and

south boundaries of the deposit.

Deposit CF is located west of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 2,665 ft3 of mine-

waste over an area of approximately 5,329 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.5 ft. Samples

from this deposit had average concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 120 mg/kg; copper, 300

mg/kg; lead, 8,500 mg/kg; and zinc, 980 mg/kg.


Deposit CG is located west of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 6,480 ft3 of mine-



mg/kg; lead, 2,700 mg/kg; and zinc, 440 mg/kg. The deposit consists of sand and cobbles mixed with

mine-waste.

Deposit CJ is located east of the Arkansas River directly south of die drainage ditch on the south

end of Deposit CD. It contains approximately 20,947 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately



zinc, 6,615 mg/kg. Mine-waste material is layered over pyrite in this deposit. Dead vegetation was

noted.

Deposit CK is located east of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank. It contains

approximately 28,927 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 13,351 ft2, and has an average

mine-waste depth of 2.2 ft. Samples from this deposit had average concentrations of the following

metals: cadmium, 100 mg/kg; copper, 60 mg/kg; lead, 1,075 mg/kg; and zinc, 200 mg/kg. Dead

vegetation was noted on the deposit.

Deposit CL is located east of the Arkansas River, and the northern tip is in contact with the river.




Most of the deposit was not vegetated and dead willows and grass were noted. Low areas contained

grasses and some willows. Erosion channels and a 1.5- to 3-foot cut bank were observed as signs of

erosion.

Deposit CN is located on the east side of the Arkansas River and is actually a part of Deposit CO.

It was studied separately from deposit CO because it is on property of a different landowner. Deposit CN




There was a two-foot cut bank observed adjacent to standing water on the northern boundary. The

deposit was not vegetated and was covered with salts.

J:\OI0004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendiccs\App_D_Ch2MWD.doc D-4

Deposit CO is located on the east side of the Arkansas River adjacent to the river. It contains



metals: cadmium, 244 mg/kg; copper, 956 mg/kg; lead, 1,936 mg/kg; and zinc, 6,227 mg/kg. The visible

signs of erosion included cut banks and erosion channels. The deposit was not vegetated except for small

amounts of grass along a tributary north of the site. Dead vegetation was noted throughout the deposit

and salts were observed on the surface.

Deposit CP is a small deposit located on the west bank of the Arkansas River. It contains

approximately 712 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 5,698 ft2, and has an average mine-


cadmium, 100 mg/kg; copper, 293 mg/kg; lead, 2,533 mg/kg; and zinc, 1,210 mg/kg. There are finger-

like deposits extending into the vegetation. The deposit had some vegetation noted on both sides of the

ditch. The mine-wastes are sandy and salts were visible on the surface.

Deposit CR is located on the east side of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 36,876

ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 39,091 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.9 ft.

Samples from this deposit had average concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 111 mg/kg;

copper, 391 mg/kg; lead, 1,622 mg/kg; and zinc, 4,383 mg/kg. The deposit had both live and dead

vegetation. Willows were observed growing in shallow mine-waste material and salts were observed on

the surface.

Deposit CS is located on the east side of the Arkansas River at the confluence with Lake Fork

Creek. Mine-waste material is separated from the river by a retaining wall. Deposit CS contains



metals: cadmium, 208 mg/kg; copper, 431 mg/kg; lead, 2,926 mg/kg; and zinc, 9,990 mg/kg. The

deposit had abundant vegetation in the southwest corner. Dead willows were noted, but some dead

willow clumps contained new growth. Grasses were observed at the edges of the deposit.


Deposit FA is located on the east side of the Arkansas River approximately 200 feet back from

the river, just south of the confluence with Lake Fork Creek. It contains approximately 13,507 ft3 of

mine-waste over an area of approximately 50,873 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.3 ft.


J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\Appcndices\App_D_Ch2MWD.doc D-5

copper, 676 mg/kg; Lead, 3,245 mg/kg; and zinc, 6,413 mg/kg. Heavy surface salts were observed. The

deposit was primarily non-vegetated, but there were live willows surrounding the deposit.

Deposit FB is located on the east side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank

of the river. It contains approximately 33,329 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 107,628

ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.3 ft. Samples from this deposit had average concentrations

of the following metals: cadmium, 88 mg/kg; copper, 848 mg/kg; lead, 4,062 mg/kg; and zinc, 6,020

mg/kg. The deposit was primarily non-vegetated and dead willows were observed, but the south end of

the deposit contained live grasses and willows. Heavy salts were observed on the surface.

Deposit FC is located on the east side of the Arkansas River adjacent to the river. It contains


waste depth of 0.3 ft. This deposit was not sampled. There were many isolated mine-wastes in thick

willows.

Deposit FD is located on the east side of the Arkansas River adjacent to the river. It contains


waste depth of 0.4 ft. This deposit was not sampled. The deposit has cobbles and grass surrounding

mine-waste.

Deposit FE is located on the east side of the Arkansas River, comprises a portion of the bank of

the river, and curves to the southeast. It contains approximately 239 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of

approximately 957 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.3 ft. Samples from this deposit had

average concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 95 mg/kg; copper, 55 mg/kg; lead, 85 mg/kg;

and zinc, 460 mg/kg. The mine-waste is under approximately 2.5 feet of soil and was only observable on

the cut bank.

Deposit FF is located on the east side of the Arkansas River, comprises a portion of the bank of

the river, and is adjacent to an irrigation ditch. The mine-waste appears to have been deposited from the

irrigation ditch rather than from the river. It contains approximately 4,285 ft3 of mine-waste over an area

of approximately 18,698 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.2 ft. Samples from this deposit

had average concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 305 mg/kg; copper, 165 mg/kg; lead,

2,725 mg/kg; and zinc, 955 mg/kg. The center of deposit FF had dead vegetation, and salts were present.

The edges of the deposit were heavily vegetated with willows and grasses.


Deposit FG is on an island with abundant vegetation. Samples from this deposit had average


zinc, 1,000 mg/kg. The mine-waste material has an average mine-waste depth of 0.1 feet.

Deposit FH is located on the west side of the Arkansas River, adjacent to the river. It contains

approximately 89 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 533 ft2, and has an average mine-waste

depth of 0.2 ft. Samples were not collected from deposit FH because of the small area.

Deposit FI is located on the east side of the Arkansas River on the riverbank. Mine-waste

material was observed in the cut bank under four inches of organic material. Samples from this deposit

had average concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 95 mg/kg; copper, 55 mg/kg; lead, 680

mg/kg; and zinc, 955 mg/kg.

Deposit FJ is located on the west side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank

of the river. It contains approximately 7,918 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 14,152 ft2,

and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.6 ft. Samples from this deposit had average concentrations of

the following metals: cadmium, 230 mg/kg; copper, 220 mg/kg; lead, 9,700 mg/kg; and zinc, 3,200

mg/kg. Grasses and willows were observed on the west edge of the deposit. The deposit had a one-foot

cut bank. Salts were visible in non-vegetated areas.

Deposit FL is on an island in the Arkansas River. This deposit is well vegetated and the

vegetation has good root development. It contains approximately 590 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of

approximately 884 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.7 ft. Samples from this deposit had


mg/kg; and zinc, 1,500 mg/kg.

Deposit FM is located on the west side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank




mg/kg. The deposit was not vegetated and had signs of heavy cattle trampling. There was a cut bank by

the river.

Deposit FN is located on the east side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank



J:\OI0004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_D_Ch2MWD.doc D-7

the following metals: cadmium, 95 mg/kg; copper, 140 mg/kg; lead, 1,400 mg/kg; and zinc, 900 mg/kg.

There were grasses on the stream bank and a few willows on the edges of the deposit. There was a one-

foot cut bank.

Deposit FO is located on the east side of the Arkansas River. It contains unknown depths of

mine-waste mixed with cobble over an area of approximately 5,279 ft2. Deposit FO was not sampled

because of the large amount of cobbles.

Deposit GA is located on the west side of the Arkansas River twenty feet from the river. It

contains approximately 7900 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 2,032 ft2, and has an



Deposit GA is surrounded by an irrigation ditch. This deposit was well vegetated with some bare zones.

Cattle have trampled portions of area.

Deposit GB is located on the east side of the Arkansas River adjacent to the river, and consists of

a one-foot-thick band of mine-waste along a 2.5-foot cut bank. It contains approximately 554 ft3 of mine-

waste over an area of approximately 391 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 1.4 ft. There are no

analytical data characterizing the metal concentrations associated with the mine-waste in deposit GB.

The deposit had good vegetation cover. The visible signs of erosion included a cut bank susceptible to

erosion during high flow events.

Deposit GC is located on the west side of the Arkansas River 25 feet from the riverbank. It

covers approximately 1,754 ft2. The deposit contains piles of dredged cobble mixed with mine-waste.

Mine-waste was also evident eight inches below ground surface in the river cut. There were no analytical

data characterizing the metal concentrations associated with the mine-waste deposit.

Deposit GE is located on the east side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank



the following metals: cadmium, 95 mg/kg; copper, 210 mg/kg; lead, 2,700 mg/kg; and zinc, 1,000 mg/kg.

The deposit has minimal grassy vegetation. There was visible erosion of a two-foot cut bank.

Deposit GH is located on the west side of the Arkansas River 10 feet from the riverbank. It



J:\OI0004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_D_Ch2MWD.doc D-8

following metals: cadmium, 95 mg/kg; copper, 55 mg/kg; lead, 350 mg/kg; and zinc, 310 mg/kg. The

deposit had visible signs of erosion, including a drainage that runs along the east bank of the deposit.

There were signs of cattle trampling through the deposit.

Deposit GI is located on the east side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank




The deposit was surrounded by good vegetation cover, but there were signs of cattle trampling that may

have reduced plant cover.

Deposit GJ is located on the west side of the Arkansas River. This deposit consists of an

intermittent series of mine-waste deposits along a cut bank on the western side of the Arkansas River. It

contains approximately 74 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 588 ft2, and has an average

mine-waste depth of 0.1 ft. There are no analytical data that characterize the metals concentrations

contained within this mine-waste deposit. The deposit had good vegetation cover.

Deposit GK is the downstream end of an island located near the west side of the Arkansas River.

It contains approximately 994 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 1,884 ft2, and has an

average mine-waste depth of 0.5 ft. There are no analytical results for this deposit. The deposit had dead

vegetation and there were salts visible on the surface. Erosion was observed in the deposit.

Deposit GL is located on the west side of the Arkansas River 60 feet from the riverbank. It




The deposit had some salt deposits present on the surface.

Deposit GM is located on the east side of the Arkansas River, comprises a portion of the bank of

the river, and consists of a band of mine-waste occupying the cut bank adjacent to the river. It contains



cadmium, 260 mg/kg; copper, 370 mg/kg; lead, 9,200 mg/kg; and zinc, 9,800 mg/kg. The deposit had

abundant vegetation on the surface. The visible signs of erosion included a cut bank.


Deposit GN is located in the center of an island in the Arkansas River. It contains approximately

497 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 1,988 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.3

ft. There are no analytical data characterizing the metals concentrations of the mine-waste materials in

this deposit. The deposit had some vegetation, and the mine-waste were well mixed with river sands.

Some salts were observed on the surface vegetation.

Deposit HA is located on the west side of the Arkansas River approximately 40 feet from the

riverbank. Deposit HA contains approximately 9,297 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately



zinc, 2,900 mg/kg. The deposit had sparse vegetation cover with no visible sign of current erosion in this

deposit.

Deposit HB is located on an island occupying the middle of the Arkansas River. It contains


waste depth of 0.2 ft. The mine-waste is a four-inch deposit under approximately five inches of topsoil.


copper, 120 mg/kg; lead, 1,350 mg/kg; and zinc, 800 mg/kg. The deposit had some grass and willows

present.

Deposit HD is located on the east side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank


and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.4 ft. There was an eight-inch layer of mine-waste over river

gravel at the cut bank. Samples from this deposit had average concentrations of the following metals:

cadmium, 95 mg/kg; copper, 120 mg/kg; lead, 2,500 mg/kg; and zinc, 1,300 mg/kg. The deposit had poor

vegetation cover. The visible signs of erosion include a cut bank and material eroding into a field

adjacent to the deposit.

Deposit HE is located on the west side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank

of the river. It contains approximately 1,818 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 6,981 ft2.

The mine-wastes are well mixed with river gravels to a depth of approximately 0.3 feet. Samples from

this deposit had average concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 95 mg/kg; copper, 130 mg/kg;

lead, 1,100 mg/kg; and zinc, 510 mg/kg. The deposit was vegetated with grass and willows and showed

signs of cattle trampling. There was little evidence of erosion.


Deposit HI is located on the west side of the Arkansas River adjacent to the river. It contains



metals: cadmium, 240 mg/kg; copper, 130 mg/kg; and zinc, 13,000 mg/kg. The deposit is sparsely

vegetated. Deposit HI is located on the inside of a river bend and did not show evidence of active

erosion. The deposit had sparse grasses and contained many cobbles on the surface.

Deposit HK is located on the west side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank




The deposit is poorly vegetated. The visible signs of erosion included an actively eroding one-foot cut

bank.

Deposit LA is located on the east side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank




The deposit had little vegetation. The visible signs of erosion included a one-foot cut bank.

Deposit 1C is located on the west side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the bank

of the river, but is separated from the river by cobble and vegetation. It contains approximately 14,493 ft3

of mine-waste over an area of approximately 13,378 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 1.1 ft.


copper, 130 mg/kg; lead, 1,000 mg/kg; and zinc, 680 mg/kg. The deposit had no vegetation cover.

Deposit KK is located on the west side of the Arkansas River 10 feet from the river channel, and

comprises a portion of the bank of the river. It contains approximately 1,886 ft3 of mine-waste over an

area of approximately 9,052 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.2 ft. Samples from this deposit

had average concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 148mg/kg; copper, 185 mg/kg; lead, 2,350

mg/kg; and zinc, 1,250 mg/kg. The deposit had sparse vegetation cover.

Deposit KL is located on the banks of a drainage ditch located on the west side of the Arkansas

River. It contains approximately 56,909 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 37,250 ft2, and



J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_D_Ch2MWD.doc D-l 1

The deposit had sparse vegetation cover. The visible signs of erosion included a two-foot cut bank along

the drainage ditch. Evidence of cattle trampling was observed.


Deposit LA is located approximately 100 feet east of the Arkansas River at the base of the

Highway 24 overpass. It contains approximately 3,626 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately

6,217 ft2 and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.6 ft. Samples from this deposit had average

concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 260; copper, 260; lead, 5,600 mg/kg and zinc, 12,000

mg/kg. Little vegetation was observed on the deposit. Mine-wastes were visible at the south end of the

deposit, while stained sand and cobble dominated the north end of the deposit.

Deposit LB is located on the east side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the

riverbank at the base of the Highway 24 overpass. It contains approximately 11,019 ft3 of mine-waste

over an area of approximately 12,796 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.9 ft. Samples from

this deposit had average concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 275; copper, 210; lead, 3,300

mg/kg and zinc, 10,450 mg/kg. No vegetation was observed on the deposit, but grasses surrounded the

area. Salts were observed on the surface. The deposit has a cut bank up to five feet high. Portions of the

cut bank contained mine-waste.

Deposit LC is located on the west bank of the Arkansas River at the base of the Highway 24

overpass. It is separated from the river by a narrow strip of grass, willows, and cobble. It contains

approximately 24,275 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 44,388 ft2 and has an average

mine-waste depth of 0.5 ft. Samples from this deposit had concentrations of the following metals:

cadmium, 374 mg/kg; copper, 434 mg/kg; lead, 4,680 mg/kg; and zinc, 48,320 mg/kg. Thick salts were

present on the surface. Some grasses were observed in sections of the deposit without surface salts.

Grasses and willows were present adjacent to the deposit and between the deposit and the Arkansas River.

Samples collected from deposit LC showed soil pH from 1.8 to 5.0.

Deposit LD is located on the west side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the

riverbank. It contains approximately 8,419 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 21,649 ft2,



The deposit consists primarily of stained cobble and gravel mixed with mine-waste, but has mine-waste in

thicker amounts around the edges. The deposit is surrounded by a dense grassy area. There were dead

J:\Ol0004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_D_Ch2MVVD.doc D-12

willows and salts on the surface of the deposit. Samples collected from deposit LD showed soil pH from

3.5 to 5.6.

Deposit LG is located south of an orange stained cobble and sand deposit east of the Arkansas

River. It contains approximately 235 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 352 ft2, and has an



The deposit was barren, and some salts were present on the adjacent cobble and sand. One sample from

deposit LG showed a soil pH of 1.5.

Deposit LH is located east of the Arkansas River. The deposit is separated from the small stream

by a low grassy area. It contains approximately 3,619 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately



zinc, 7,700 mg/kg. Salts were present on drier sections of the deposit. There were signs of cattle

trampling present. One sample from deposit LH showed a soil pH of 5.3.

Deposit LI is located along the east bank of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the




mg/kg. There were indications of heavy cattle use, including a well-worn cattle path. Salts were present

on the surface, and dead willow clumps were present. A one- to two-foot cut bank on the Arkansas River

is located over part of the west edge of the deposit. Samples collected from deposit LI showed soil pH

from 4.0 to 5.2.

Deposit LK is located on the west side of the Arkansas River and is partly in contact with the

river by an area of grass and willows. It contains approximately 7,649 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of



mg/kg; and zinc, 3,133 mg/kg. The deposit contained stained cobble and gravel in the center of the

deposit, but mine-waste are on the surface around the cobble and gravel. The deposit is surrounded by

grasses and willows. Dead willows and light salts were observed on the surface. Samples collected from

deposit LK showed soil pH from 2.5 to 4.1.

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\Appcndices\App_D_Ch2MWD.doc D-13

Deposit LL is located to the west of the Arkansas River. The center of the deposit is primarily

stained cobble, willows, and grasses. Mine-wastes are located on the north and south ends of the cobbled

area. It contains approximately 3,483 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 5,224 ft and has

an average mine-waste depth of 0.7 ft. Samples from this deposit had average concentrations of the

following metals: cadmium, 74 mg/kg; copper, 287 mg/kg; lead, 3,767 mg/kg; and zinc, 830 mg/kg.

Some salts were present on the cobbled area near willows and grass. The stream bank was stabilized with

grasses. The area is surrounded by dense grass and willows. Samples collected from deposit LL showed

soil pH from 2.7 to 3.3.

Deposit LM is located along the east bank of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately

20,744 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 16,377 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth

of 1.3 ft. Samples from this deposit had average concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 152

mg/kg; copper 425 mg/kg; lead, 7,300 mg/kg; and zinc, 5,273 mg/kg. Clumps of grasses were growing

on the southern most section of the deposit, but the rest of the deposit was non-vegetated. Salts were

observed on the surface. The deposit has a cut bank on the Arkansas River. Samples collected from

deposit LM showed soil pH from 3.2 to 5.3.

Deposit LN is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 41,880 ft3 of



copper, 455 mg/kg; lead, 11,525 mg/kg; and zinc, 34,973 mg/kg. The center of the deposit is primarily

stained cobble and sand with mine-waste along the edges. Grasses have encroached on the mine-waste

along the eastern edge of the deposit. Sporadic grass clumps were observed in a small section near the

western boundary of the deposit, and a grass area defined the western edge of the deposit. There were

signs of cattle trampling on the deposit. Samples collected from deposit LB showed soil pH from 2.2 to

4.9.

Deposit LO is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 23,498 ft3 of



copper, 487 mg/kg; lead, 3,133 mg/kg; and zinc, 6,200 mg/kg. The deposit has stained cobble and sand

in the center, with mine-waste at the north and east ends. Some grasses were observed on the deposit.

The creek bank was stabilized with grasses except for a cattle-crossing area at the north end. There were

signs of surface erosion. Samples collected from deposit LO showed soil pH from 3.4 to 4.8.

J:\OI0004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_D_Ch2MVVD.doc D-14

Deposit LP is located east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 8,390 ft3 of mine-

waste over an area of approximately 15,794 ft2 and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.5 ft. Samples


mg/kg; lead, 1,950 mg/kg and zinc, 14,800 mg/kg. The stream bank was vegetated with grasses. The

eastern section of the deposit had mine-waste at the surface. The area had signs of extensive cattle

activity. Salts were observed on the surface. Samples collected from deposit LP showed soil pH from 2.9

to 4.7.

Deposit LQ is located east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 6,152 ft3 of mine-



mg/kg; lead, 4,125 mg/kg; and zinc, 6,525 mg/kg. There is a 1.5-foot cut bank along the stream bank;

some of the stream bank is stabilized with grasses. Cattle tracks and salts were observed on the surface.

Samples collected from deposit LQ showed soil pH from 2.7 to 5.0.

Deposit LR is a small deposit located east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 1,444



copper, 470 mg/kg; lead, 9,900 mg/kg and zinc, 1,800 mg/kg. The creek bank is stabilized with grasses.

Several dead willows were observed on the deposit. Grasses surround the deposit. One sample from

deposit LR showed a soil pH of 3.8.

Deposit LS is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 57,181 ft3 of



copper, 345 mg/kg; lead, 4,121 mg/kg; and zinc, 3,664 mg/kg. The deposit was primarily non-vegetated.

Cattle tracks and salts were observed on the surface. Samples collected from deposit LS showed soil pH

from 2.4 to 5.1.

Deposit LT is located east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 1,931 ft3 of mine-



mg/kg; lead, 370 mg/kg; and zinc, 1,200 mg/kg. There is some grass cover throughout the site.

Abundant grass was observed on the stream bank. One sample from deposit LT showed a soil pH of 4.0.


Deposit LU is a small deposit located to the west of the Arkansas River. It contains

approximately 336 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 504 ft2, and has an average mine-


cadmium, 48 mg/kg; copper, 210 mg/kg; lead, 1,500 mg/kg and zinc, 590 mg/kg. Cattle tracks were

observed on the deposit. One sample from deposit LU showed a soil pH of 2.4.

Deposit LV is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 16,299 ft3 of



copper, 533 mg/kg; lead, 2,673 mg/kg; and zinc, 16,728 mg/kg. Grass cover was observed on the stream

bank, except for the western most portion, which has a 1.5- to 2-foot cut bank. Mine-wastes were

observed on the cut bank. The eastern section is primarily cobble in the center, surrounded by mine-

waste. Cattle tracks were observed in the area. Surface salts were observed on the northern most portion

of the deposit. Samples collected from deposit LV showed soil pH from 2.1 to 5.5.

Deposit MA is located on the east bank of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 1,312



copper, 140 mg/kg; lead, 1,000 mg/kg and zinc, 3,000 mg/kg. The visible signs of erosion included an

eight-inch cut bank. The deposit had no vegetation, but was surrounded by grasses.

Deposit MB is located to the east of the Arkansas River, comprises a portion of the riverbank, and

extends 250 feet back from the riverbank. It contains approximately 85,765 ft3 of mine-waste over an

area of approximately 31,728 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 1.1 ft. Samples from this

deposit had average concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 123 mg/kg; copper, 242 mg/kg;

lead, 2,075 mg/kg; and zinc, 6,518 mg/kg. The deposit had no vegetation present. The visible signs of

erosion included a three-foot cut bank. There were some salts observed on the surface.

Deposit ME is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 22,399 ft3 of



copper, 120 mg/kg; lead, 3,200 mg/kg and zinc, 880 mg/kg. The deposit had no vegetation present. The

visible signs of erosion included a 1.5-foot cut bank, but in most of the area the tributary bank is

stabilized with grasses.

JAO10004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_D_Ch2MWD.doc D-16

Deposit MF is located on the east side of the Arkansas River adjacent to the river. It contains



cadmium, 228 mg/kg; copper, 140 mg/kg; lead, 1,203 mg/kg; and zinc, 11,800. Vegetation in the area

included both live and dead willows, and very little grass. The visible signs of erosion included a 3.5-foot

cut bank. Cattle activity was observed in the area.

Deposit MG is located to the east of the Arkansas River approximately 120 feet from the



the following metals: cadmium, 300 mg/kg; copper, 170 mg/kg; lead, 3,300 mg/kg and zinc, 930 mg/kg.

The deposit had sparse vegetation.

Deposit MH is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 4,329 ft3 of



copper, 188 mg/kg; lead, 4,233 mg/kg and zinc, 2,557 mg/kg. The deposit was surrounded by vegetation

and had a well-vegetated cut bank. Signs of extensive cattle activity were observed.

Deposit MI is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 14,529 ft3 of



copper, 65 mg/kg; lead, 1,600 mg/kg and zinc, 380 mg/kg. The deposit contained dead willows and

sparse clumps of grass. There were signs of extensive cattle activity. Salts were observed on the surface.

Deposit MJ is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 2,262 ft3 of



copper, 79 mg/kg; lead, 4,150 mg/kg and zinc, 2,350. The deposit contained many cobbles on the

surface. Salts were observed in places and cattle activity was evident.

Deposit MK is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 5,137 ft3 of

mine-waste over an area of approximately 9,943 ft", and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.5 ft.


copper, 170 mg/kg; lead, 6,900 mg/kg and zinc, 2,900 mg/kg. The deposit had grass cover and showed

signs of cattle use.


Deposit ML is located to the east of the Arkansas River adjacent to the river. It contains


waste depth of 0.7 ft. No samples were collected from this deposit. The deposit had dead grass, and salts

were present. A three-foot cut bank showed signs of active erosion.

Deposit MM is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 11,533 ft3 of

mine-waste over an area of approximately 11,533 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 1.0 ft. The

deposit had some grass cover, but was primarily stained cobble surrounded by sand mixed with mine-

waste over cobble. The deposit was not sampled because of the cobble.

Deposit MN is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 1,296 ft3 of

mine-waste over an area of approximately 5,183 ft2 of organic soil, and has an average depth of 0.3 ft.


copper, 46 mg/kg; lead, 1,600 mg/kg and zinc, 15,000 mg/kg. The deposit was well vegetated, except

where trampled by cattle. The mine-waste material is a one-inch lens under about 18 inches of soil.

Deposit MP is located on the west bank of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 8,000



copper, 170 mg/kg; lead, 1,160 mg/kg and zinc, 1,677 mg/kg. The deposit has a three-foot cut bank on

the river. Samples collected from deposit MP showed soil pH from 3.2 to 4.5.

Deposit MQ is located on the west bank of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 85,765



copper, 313 mg/kg; lead, 1,458 mg/kg; and zinc, 5,798 mg/kg. The deposit is surrounded by standing

water, except for the easternmost boundary, which is the Arkansas River. The northern section of the

oxbow has mine-waste at the surface. Salts and cattle tracks were observed on the surface. The deposit

was primarily non-vegetated, but some grass and willows were observed; the willows showed some new

growth. Cut banks are located on the river and the oxbow channel. Samples collected from deposit MQ

showed soil pH from 3.6 to 5.5.

Deposit NA is located on an inside bend of the west bank of the Arkansas River. It contains



J:\010004\Task3 -SCR\Appendices\App_D_Ch2MWD.doc D-18

cadmium, 169 mg/kg; copper, 225 mg/kg; lead, 950 mg/kg and zinc, 3,765 mg/kg. Salts, cattle tracks,

and dead willows were observed on the surface. A two- to three-foot cut bank was present along the

Arkansas River. Samples collected from deposit LB showed soil pH from 2.6 to 4.0.

Deposit NB is located to the east of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the riverbank.



following metals: cadmium, 95 mg/kg; copper, 280 mg/kg; lead, 2,500 mg/kg; and zinc, 1,900. The

deposit had live and dead vegetation, including grass and willows. The visible signs of erosion included a

three-foot cut bank.

Deposit NC is located to the west of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 17,288 ft3 of



copper, 290 mg/kg; lead, 1,600 mg/kg and zinc, 1,870 mg/kg. Dead willows and salts were observed on

the surface. Samples collected from deposit NC showed soil pH from 3.1 to 3.8.

Deposit ND is located to the west of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the riverbank.



following metals: cadmium, 120 mg/kg; copper, 170 mg/kg; lead, 1,270 mg/kg and zinc, 640 mg/kg.

There is a 3- to 4-foot cut bank on the river. Dead willows, salts, and cattle tracks were observed on the

surface. The deposit is primarily non-vegetated, but some grass was observed near the edges of the mine-

waste deposit. Samples collected from deposit ND showed soil pH from 3.3 to 3.4.

Deposit NG is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 62,398 ft3 of



copper, 58 mg/kg; lead, 245 mg/kg; and zinc, 1,710 mg/kg. The deposit had grass cover and dead

willows present. Good grass cover was observed along low deposits adjacent to the tributary. The visible

signs of erosion included a two- to three-foot cut bank.

Deposit NH is located to the east of the Arkansas River. The deposit is a part of the groundwater

study area of the USGS. It contains approximately 27,356 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of



J:\OI0004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_D_Ch2MWD.doc D-l 9

mg/kg; and zinc, 7,740 mg/kg. The deposit had dead willows, but abundant grass along low areas

adjacent to the tributary. The visible signs of erosion included a four-foot cut bank.

Deposit NI is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It is part of the USGS groundwater study

area. Deposit NI contains approximately 70,057 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 69,734

ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 1.0 ft. Samples from this deposit had average concentrations

of the following metals: cadmium, 128 mg/kg; copper, 405 mg/kg; lead, 4,293 mg/kg and zinc, 2,308

mg/kg. The deposit was primarily non-vegetated, and there was evidence of dead willows. Good grass

cover was observed by the tributary. The visible signs of erosion included a one- to three-foot cut bank.

Deposit NJ is located to the east of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the riverbank.



following metals: cadmium, 115 mg/kg; copper, 55 mg/kg; lead, 760 mg/kg; and zinc, 410 mg/kg. The

deposit had sparse grass cover, and was surrounded by grass and some willows. Light salts were

observed on the surface. The visible signs of erosion included a one-foot cut bank.

Deposit NL is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 21,722 ft3 of



copper, 55 mg/kg; lead, 1,250 mg/kg and zinc, 415 mg/kg. The deposit was mostly non-vegetated, but

grass cover was observed in the low-lying area adjacent to the deposit.

Deposit NN is located to the east of the Arkansas River and the southern tip of the deposit

comprises a portion of the riverbank. It contained approximately 9,291 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of



mg/kg and zinc, 2,200 mg/kg. The surface contained a few clumps of grass. The visible signs of erosion

included a small cut bank. Light salts were observed on the surface.

Deposit NO is located to the east of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the riverbank.



following metals: cadmium, 85 mg/kg; copper, 330 mg/kg; lead, 3,000 mg/kg and zinc, 1,500 mg/kg.

The deposit had some vegetation, but was primarily bare. The visible signs of erosion included a 1.5-foot

cut bank.


Deposit NP is located to the east of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the riverbank.




No vegetation was present, possibly due to heavy cattle use. The visible signs of erosion included a 17-

inch cut bank with signs of current erosion.

Deposit NR is located to the west of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 46,265 ft3 of



copper, 480 mg/kg; lead, 2,275 mg/kg; and zinc, 1,825 mg/kg. Cattle tracks, salts, and dead willows were

observed on the surface. Grass was growing in low areas next to the deposit. Samples collected from

deposit NR showed soil pH from 3.6 to 4.0.

Deposit NT is located along the west bank of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately

5,900 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 14,900 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of

0.4 ft. Samples from this deposit had average concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 94

mg/kg; copper, 235 mg/kg; lead, 1,950 mg/kg and zinc, 2,900 mg/kg. There was a cut bank along the

river, but the bank was primarily cobbles. Salts were observed on the surface. Samples collected from

deposit NT showed soil pH from 3.8 to 5.5.

Deposit NU is located to the west of the Arkansas River near a small creek, and a small portion

comprises a portion of the riverbank. It contains approximately 15,495 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of



mg/kg; and zinc, 820 mg/kg. An erosional ditch runs through the deposit. The deposit is surrounded by

grasses and shrubs, with willows observed southwest of the deposit. The deposit is separated from the

river by a grassy area. Salts, dead willows, and livestock tracks were observed on the surface. Samples

collected from deposit NU showed soil pH from 2.1 to 3.0.

Deposit OA is located to the west of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the riverbank.




J:\OI0004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_D_Ch2MVVD.doc D-2 1

There is a cut bank and cobbles along the river. Dead willows, salts, and livestock tracks were observed

on the surface. Samples collected from deposit OA showed soil pH from 2.1 to 3.8.

Deposit OB is located to the east of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the riverbank.



following metals: cadmium, 85 mg/kg; copper, 65 mg/kg; lead, 813 mg/kg and zinc, 868 mg/kg. The

deposit had uneven plant cover. The visible signs of erosion included a three-foot cut bank.

Deposit OC is located to the west of the Arkansas River. It consists of three ellipsoid deposits in

the midst of a large cobble deposit. It contains approximately 6,989 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of



mg/kg; and zinc, 3,900 mg/kg. Cattle tracks were observed on the surface. Samples collected from

deposit OC showed soil pH from 3.9 to 4.6.

Deposit OD is located to the west of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 7,048 ft3 of



copper, 300 mg/kg; lead, 3,100 mg/kg; and zinc, 1,145 mg/kg. Light salts and livestock tracks were

observed on the surface. The deposit is primarily non-vegetated with grasses growing in the low area

between the two sections. Samples collected from deposit OD showed soil pH from 2.3 to 4.1.

Deposit OE is located to the west of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the riverbank.




Salts, livestock tracks, and dead willows were observed on the surface. Erosion channels were present.

Samples collected from deposit OE showed soil pH from 3.9 to 5.3.

Deposit OF is located to the east of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the riverbank.



following metals: cadmium, 85 mg/kg; copper, 65 mg/kg; lead, 340 mg/kg and zinc, 660 mg/kg. Dead

willows were observed and most of the area was non-vegetated. Salt was observed on the surface. A

two-foot cut bank adjacent to the river showed signs of erosion.


Deposit OG is a finger of mine-wastes on the west side of the Arkansas River, which continues

into a densely vegetated area. It contains approximately 19,164 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of


average concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 97 mg/kg; copper, 70 mg/kg; lead, 100 mg/kg;

and zinc, 970 mg/kg. The deposit is non-vegetated. Dead willows and livestock tracks were observed on

the surface. One sample from deposit OG showed a soil pH of 5.5.

Deposit OH is located on the west bank of the Arkansas River. It consists of two mine-waste

deposits over cobble. It contains approximately 4,017 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately



zinc, 1,675 mg/kg. Samples collected from deposit OH showed soil pH from 2.5 to 5.0.

Deposit OI consists of mine-waste along the west side of the Arkansas River. One section of the

deposit is surrounded by grasses. The deposit contains approximately 3,301 ft3 of mine-waste over an

area of approximately 3,301 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 1.0 ft. One section consists of

mine-waste placed in a manmade cobble wall. Samples from this deposit had average concentrations of


mg/kg. Salts were observed on the surface. Samples collected from deposit OI showed soil pH from 3.8

to 4.9.

Deposit OJ consists of three small deposits along the west side of the Arkansas River. The

irrigation inlet is located just north of these deposits. It contains approximately 2,281 ft3 of mine-waste

over an area of approximately 3,802 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 0.6 ft. Samples from this

deposit had average concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 272 mg/kg; copper, 414 mg/kg;

lead, 6,360 mg/kg; and zinc, 9,567 mg/kg. Salts were observed on the south western most deposit.

Samples collected from deposit OJ showed soil pH from 1.3 to 5.3.

Deposit OK is located to the west of the Arkansas River. It is primarily fine sand, but has

shallow lenses of gray and orange mine-waste. Some salts were observed on the surface. It contains



cadmium, 65 mg/kg; copper, 330 mg/kg; lead, 3,200 mg/kg; and zinc, 1,100 mg/kg. One sample from

deposit OK showed a soil pH of 3.2.


Deposit PA is located to the east of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the riverbank.

The north edge of the deposit is adjacent to the river. It contains approximately 32,113 ft3 of mine-waste

over an area of approximately 20,972 ft2, and has an average mine-waste depth of 1.5 ft. Samples from

this deposit had average concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 95 mg/kg; copper, 330 mg/kg;

lead, 4,050 mg/kg; and zinc, 1,900 mg/kg. The deposit had little vegetation but was surrounded by

grasses and cobble. The northern edge of deposit PA showed current signs of erosion into the river.

Deposit PC is located approximately 250 feet east of the Arkansas River. It contains



metals: cadmium, 85 mg/kg; copper, 65 mg/kg; lead, 2,100 mg/kg and zinc, 625 mg/kg. The deposit was

sparsely vegetated with grasses. Dead willows were observed on the deposit.

Deposit PD is located on the east side of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the

riverbank. It contains approximately 9,434 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 6,011 ft2, and


following metals: cadmium, 85 mg/kg; copper, 103 mg/kg; lead, 5,500 mg/kg and zinc, 455 mg/kg. The

deposit was bare in some spots and well vegetated in others. The visible signs of erosion included a small

cut bank.

Deposit PE is located to the west of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 6,868 ft3 of



copper, 760 mg/kg; lead, 10,000 mg/kg; and zinc, 3,700 mg/kg. The deposit was surrounded by grasses.

Dead willows and salts were observed on the surface. Some new growth was evident in the willows. One

sample from deposit PE showed a soil pH of 4.7.

Deposit PF is located along the west bank of the Arkansas River. There is a one-foot cut bank

along the river. It contains approximately 795 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 1,908 ft2,


the following metals: cadmium, 48 mg/kg; copper, 70 mg/kg; lead, 100 mg/kg; and zinc, 1,000 mg/kg.

One sample from deposit PF showed a soil pH of 4.7.

Deposit PG is located to the west of the Arkansas River. It consists primarily of cobbles, gravel,

and sand, but has mine-wastes mixed throughout. The deposit is located on the inside bend of a channel

with standing water. It contains approximately 51,527 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately



concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 94 mg/kg; copper 170 mg/kg; lead, 2,395 mg/kg and

zinc, 4,800 mg/kg. Samples collected from deposit PG showed soil pH from 2.5 to 4.6.

Deposit PJ is located approximately 300 feet east of the Arkansas River. It contains



metals: cadmium, 87 mg/kg; copper, 337 mg/kg; lead, 2,900 mg/kg; and zinc, 8,467 mg/kg. The deposit

was surrounded by grasses and willows.

Deposit PM is located to the east of the Arkansas River approximately 100 feet from the

riverbank. It contains approximately 446 ft3 of mine-waste over an area of approximately 1,114 ft2, and


following metals: cadmium, 75 mg/kg; copper, 46 mg/kg; lead, 830 mg/kg and zinc, 780 mg/kg. The

deposit was non-vegetated, but vegetation along the small drainage on the western pile perimeter was

preventing erosion.

Deposit PN is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 7,087 ft3 of



copper, 65 mg/kg; lead, 93 mg/kg; and zinc, 2,400 mg/kg. Dead willows were present within the mine-

waste deposit and in the surrounding areas. The deposit is primarily bare, but has some grasses present.

Deposit PP is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 15,704 ft3 of



copper, 65 mg/kg; lead, 4,050 mg/kg and zinc, 1,785 mg/kg. The deposit had dead willows and was

surrounded by grasses. A two- to three-foot cut bank was noted adjacent to a tributary.

Deposit PX is located approximately 300 feet east of the Arkansas River just south of deposit PJ.




Mine-waste is concentrated in small deposits over cobbles and organic soil.


Deposit QA is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 7,549 ft3 of



copper, 123 mg/kg; lead, 1,570 mg/kg and zinc, 655 mg/kg. The deposit had vegetation in low-lying

areas adjacent to the tributary. Visible signs of erosion included a 1.5-foot cut bank.

Deposit QD is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 46,183 ft3 of



copper, 93 mg/kg; lead, 2,117 mg/kg and zinc, 2,197 mg/kg. The visible signs of erosion included

surface rills.

Deposit QF is located to the east of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the riverbank.



following metals: cadmium, 160 mg/kg; copper, 114 mg/kg; lead, 2,431 mg/kg; and zinc, 698 mg/kg.

The deposit was partially vegetated with grasses. A low area contained dense grass cover. Dead willows

were present on the site, but new growth was observed. The visible signs of erosion included surface rills

and cattle paths.

Deposit QG is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 18,165 ft3 of



copper, 290 mg/kg; lead, 2,450 mg/kg; and zinc, 1,585 mg/kg. Dead willows were present on the mine-

waste deposit. The deposit was surrounded by grasses and some willows. The visible signs of erosion

included a small cut bank adjacent to the tributary.

Deposit QH is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 14,830 ft3 of



copper, 215 mg/kg; lead, 3,600 mg/kg and zinc, 1,850 mg/kg. Dead willows were present on the mine-

waste deposit.

Deposit QI is located to the east of the Arkansas River and is in contact with the riverbank. It





The deposit had some grasses present and evidence of dead willows. The visible signs of erosion

included a one-foot cut bank.

Deposit QJ is located to the east of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the riverbank.




Dead grass was observed on the area. Live vegetation was observed in spots and included grasses and

willows. Cattle paths were also observed. The visible signs of erosion included a one-foot cut bank.

Deposit QK is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 7,752 ft3 of



copper, 280 mg/kg; lead, 2,400 mg/kg and zinc, 780 mg/kg. The deposit had no vegetation except in a

low-lying area adjacent to the tributary.

Deposit QM is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 7,960 ft3 of



copper, 210 mg/kg; lead, 1,200 mg/kg and zinc, 960 mg/kg. The deposit had dead willows and was

surrounded by grasses and willows.

Deposit QN is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 55,041 ft3 of



copper, 330 mg/kg; lead, 1,638 mg/kg; and zinc, 3,763 mg/kg. The deposit had dead willows with some

new growth observed. A heavy layer of salt was present on the surface. The visible signs of erosion

included a two-to three-foot cut bank and surface channels.

Deposit QO is located on the east side of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 13,096 ft3


Samples from this deposit had concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 85 mg/kg; copper, 65

mg/kg; lead, 3,000 mg/kg and zinc, 1,400 mg/kg. Visible signs of erosion included a cut bank used by

cattle. However, most of the cut bank was stabilized with grasses.


Deposit QP is located to the east of the Arkansas River and comprises a portion of the riverbank.




The deposit had isolated spots of grasses and willows. Salts were observed on the surface. The visible

signs of erosion included a 2.5-foot cut bank.

Deposit QQ is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 4,019 ft3 of



copper, 46 mg/kg; lead, 2,000 mg/kg; and zinc, 940 mg/kg. The deposit was well vegetated. The visible

signs of erosion included a small cut bank.

Deposit QR is located to the east of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 8,606 ft3 of


Samples from the deposit had average concentrations of the following metals: cadmium, 115 mg/kg;

copper, 55 mg/kg; lead, 4,700 mg/kg and zinc, 950 mg/kg. There were areas with grass cover within the

deposit.

Deposit QT is located to the east of the Arkansas River adjacent to the river. It contains



cadmium, 75 mg/kg; copper, 300 mg/kg; lead, 1,300 mg/kg; and zinc, 1,200 mg/kg. The deposit had dead

willows and no vegetation except some grasses along the river. The visible signs of erosion included a

one-foot cut bank.

Deposit QV is located to the west of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 10,415 ft3 of



copper, 227 mg/kg; lead, 4,733 mg/kg; and zinc, 12,667 mg/kg. Salts were observed on the surface.

Samples collected from deposit QV showed soil pH from 3.9 to 5.1.

Deposit QW is located to the west of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 3,916 ft3 of

mine-waste over an area of approximately 1,698 ft" and has an average mine-waste depth of 2.3 ft.


copper, 293 mg/kg; lead, 1,240 mg/kg; and zinc, 6,000 mg/kg. Salts and livestock tracks were observed


on the surface. Grass is invading along the edges of the deposit. Some grass clumps were observed in the

center of the deposit. Samples collected from deposit QW showed soil pH from 4.0 to 4.9.

Deposit QX is located on the west bank of the Arkansas River. It has an actively eroding three-

foot cut bank on the river. Dead willows, salts, and cattle tracks were observed on the surface. It contains



cadmium, 65 mg/kg; copper, 670 mg/kg; lead, 6,400 mg/kg; and zinc, 2,300 mg/kg. One sample from

deposit QX showed a soil pH of 3.4.

Deposit QY is adjacent to a cobble deposit by a small stream to the west of the Arkansas River.




Salts and cattle tracks were observed on the surface. One sample from deposit QY showed a soil pH of

4.7.

Deposit QZ is located to the west of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 492 ft3 of



copper, 270 mg/kg; lead, 7,200 mg/kg and zinc, 3,400 mg/kg. Animal tracks and a small amount of salts

were observed on the surface. One sample from deposit QZ showed a soil pH of 1.5.

Deposit RA is located to the west of the Arkansas River just south of County Road 55. It




Erosional ditches, salts, and cattle tracks were observed on the surface. Samples collected from deposit

RA showed soil pH from 3.0 to 4. 1.

Deposit RB is located on the west bank of the Arkansas River just south of County Road 55. It




Some salts were observed on the surface. One sample from deposit RB showed a soil pH of 2.8.

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_D_Ch2iMWD.doc D-29

Deposit RC is located on the west bank of the Arkansas River. It contains approximately 1,984 ft3



copper, 300 mg/kg; lead, 1,700 mg/kg and zinc, 1,100 mg/kg. There was a cut bank that was primarily

cobbles. Some salts and dead willows were present on the surface. One sample from deposit RC showed a

soil pH of 3.7.

Deposit RF is a small deposit located five feet west of the Arkansas River. It contains


waste depth of 3.0 ft. Samples from this deposit had concentrations of the following metals: cadmium,

320 mg/kg; copper, 520 mg/kg; lead, 3,100 mg/kg; and zinc, 12,000 mg/kg. The deposit was non-

vegetated. One sample from deposit RF showed a soil pH of 5.5.


APPENDIX E

Water Quality Data

Groundwater Data (orDissolved cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for all data sets, am

River Reaches 0 to 3.cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for CDPHE data (LNRD-068).

D.Ark RO.CadmUn. Otssotved

OArt RO Coppw. Oissatved

0 Ark RO Lead. Dissolved

O.Art RO ZJnc. Dissolved

Period!

Period 2

Period!

Period 2

D A* Rl.Cadnejm. Dissolved ] Period 2

0 Ark Hi Cadmium. Dkssdved j Period 2Art Hl.Cudnyum. tola

D.AARlCadrraufn.Tate.AikRl.Cedmkim.TotaArk Rl.Codmhvn, Tout

<Art Kl.Cadmkon. Tola

0 Ark Rl.Copper. Oiurvod(.Art Hi Coppei. Otisorvedi Ark R 1 .Copper. Dissolved1 Ark Rl. Capper. Tota(Art Rl. Capper. ToUlArh Hi. Copper. Tota

O.Art Rl Lead. DissolvedlArkRI.Laad. Dissolved

D Art Rl Lead. Dissolved).AAR|. Lead. Tola

D.ArkR1.L»ad. Tola) Arh Rl Lead. ToU

DArk Rl. Load. ToU

D.Art Rl.Zinc. DkisotvedOArt Rl.ZkV. OtssotwdrArk Rl Zinc. Dissolved j

OArt RZ.Cedmkjm, OiuoNed >

Period 2Period 2

~Penod3Period3Period 3

Period 2

,

3W205

3WZOS

GW205

CW20S

OW211

NW-14'33100-001

1 \452! GW

452

452

4S2

1621

1667

GW

GW

2/17/1983

2/17/1983

2/17/1983

GW j 2/17/1963

GW I 2/18/1983

GW1663 GW

33100-001 1663J GW133100-001 1003133100-001 i 1063(33400-001

GW211Period 2 NW-14Period 2Period3

NW-14133100-001

Period3 (133100-001Penod 3 1 133400401

P.TW2"PeriodYPeriod 2Period 21

'"PeriodsPeriod 2Period §1

Period 2

Period 2Period 2

) Arii R2 Capper, aiiaJved jj>eriod 2D Ark R2 Copper. Dissolved0 Ark R2 Lead. Dissolved

0 Arh R2 Zlrc. Distorted

D.Ark H3 Cadcnkm. Dlsiotved

DArk R3 Copper. DbsoNed

O.Art R3Lead. OlssotvedD Arh Rl Zinc. DtssotvedD Ark R3 Zinc. DissolvedD.Col Gulcn-Al Ark Rhr.Coditeum. Dissolved).Cnl Gukh-Al Ark Rrv.Cedmkun. Dissolvedb.Cni Guich-AI Ark~Riir.Capper. Dissolved

OCa Gufch-At Aft Rrv.Copper. DissolvedD.Cat Guich-Ai Art Rrv Lead, brssotved

D Col Cufch-Al Ark Rlv.Zkic. DtsMtvedO.Arh R2.Codmum. ObservedO.Art R2 Cadmium, Dissolved

O.Art R£ Capper. OtTsaNed

O.Art R2 Lead. Dissolved

O.Arh R2.Zlnc. DissolvedS.Arh Hl.Cadmkm. DisservedS Ark HI .Cadmium, Dissolved

S Arh Rl.Cadmlum. Disserved

S Art Ri.CadrMum. DiwohedS.Ark RT.Cadmhjm. DissolvedSArk Ri.Cadmium. DlMorved

S.Art Rl.Cadrrium. GfesotvedS Arh RtCodmtan, OlssorvedS»k Rt Cadmium, Dissolved '

S Art Rl Cadmium. OiuolvedS Art Ri.Codmijm. DtssiitvedS Ark HI Codrnkm. Ottiotved "SArk HlTcidmkm. rjTsaalved " "S Art Rl.Cadmlum. DissolvedS Art R l.Codrrsum. Dissolved

Penad3Period 2

Penal 2

Period 2

Period 2

Period!'Period 1Period 2Period 2Period 2

"PeViod7

Period 2'Period 2

"Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2

Period!

Period 2

Period 2'Period!PeriodsPeriod 3Period]PeriodsPeriodsPeriod:Period S

"PeriodTPeriod!Period!P*nod3

>enadS'Period")Penod3

TPeriodJPeriod:Period :Period:

1779

1621-_.

UWGW"GW

GW-raw

11/13/10697/31/19845716/10883/12/19000/29/20005/28/1997

2/18/1983657/1983

1667 GW ; 11/13/19891663 GW~j 6/30/19941883! GW

"1779JGW

GW211 1621JGWNW-14 10541 GWNW-14 { 1 6 8 7 1 GW

33100-00133400-001 '33400-001

GW2IIW-14

W-14

GW203

GW2O3GW203

1063! CW

1621 GW1654 GW

1026

1928

1928

GW

GW

3/12/19985/26/1097

2/18/19836/27/198;

11/13/19897/31/10643/12/1098

5/2B7l997

2/10/19836/27/1969

11/13/19892/15/1003

2/15/1083GW 5/7/2001

GW203 j 1928 GW

GW203 19201 GW

GW2O4 2254JGW

GW204

GW7O4

3.00746EM4GW204GW210

2254 GW

22S4! GW2238JGW2254J GW15501 GW

2/1 5/1 BW

2/15/1983

2/15/1983

2/1 571983

2/15/10636/30/10722/15/19832/18/1963

GW21B 155S| GW 2/21/1983GW210 [ 1550J GW 2/18/1083

GW216GW210

1555 GW1550[ GW

W210 | 1550

GW218 i 155!GW201 ! 1927GW202

IGWiGW' SP

, I92»J_SP

2/21/19832/1 8/1 oa:

2/16/1963' 2/2 1/1 M:

2/1 5/1 98:2/15/1663

GW202 t 1920; SP | 2/15/1883

GW202 I929J SP

GW202IUWOI

UUW01

1929; SP| 17Ur«fa

JUWOI 1 1761JUWOI | 176

UUW01UUWOIJUW01UUWOIJUW01juwaiJUWDIUMW02UUW02UUW02UMWOIUUW02JHW02

UUW02

17«17«

"*™"T76I176

jewGWGWGW

GW"GWGW

1766 GW"*"" 17661 GW

1 790! GW" "ireet GW

17'ogTGM1799JGW

2/15MB63

2/15/iea:6/9/1091

7/14/1091ara/igsi

L 11/U193I__3jf22M099

6/15/199!0/17/1099

10/28/10916/15/20016Q9QOOI

6AV109I7/14/19H90/10U

11/0/109£ vni\9M

6/is7ie»8/17/1995

r

Cadmsim, Oiseorved

Copper. Dissorvad

Lead. DUsoNed

Zhc. Dissolved

Cedmkim. DttsoNed

Cadmium. OwotvedCadmatraTotaZaomkmx Tote^drrsurruTote:admbm.TateCedmsm. Tote

Copper. CUssarvedCoppor. Dtstorved

** I

0007

f

1 ! 1.3

]0015! <

002

00025

0003

" " owi?0.0000600005000060.0005

0.01

00025

1

1.._.

I

0

0.015 | 0

5

O.OOS

0005•OOM"0005

< 0005fyooosi* O.OM

1

Capper. Dlssaived 0.0025, <Capper. Tote i 0.35Copper. ToteCopper. Tota

Lead. OtssotvedLead. DissolvedLead. Dissolved "Lead. TotaLead, tolaLead, Tolaead. Tola

BY; OisvitverlZinc. Ohsorvedinc. Dissolved

Cadmajm, DktsoNed _,

Capper. DissolvedCopper. DtssoNedead. Dtssotved

Zfr£ Dissolved ""

Cadmtm. DissoNed

Copper. Dtsaorved

Lead, DissolvedZkK, DIssoTvodZhc, DtssoNed

00060.023

11

Q0025i <0.0025: <10024L 1

00005-00090001

00630.63

1.1

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

"0:675"0015

< 0015

rTo'ois1 ! 0.015

-T-H-

0

0

0T

0000

00001)

0_r0

000

0„_1 i t 10

00025; «

00025; <0.002 •<0015! <

0.383

00025

i

o.«H<

o.oi si <0.13

0032Cadmkim. Otncived 00025Cadmkim. OtuolvodCopper. Olssorved

Copper, ObservedLead. Otseorved

Zsic. Dissolved

0005 : o

1.3 i 01.3 ! 0

0.015 1 0

s-j-6-

O.OM ; o

1.3 ; 0

0.015 ! 01 ' S I 01 ! 3 | 0« t 0005 1 0

O.OOaSjjt i O.OOS

D033J 10.0-15! -

0.0691 11.89i 1

Cedmian, OtesoNed j 0.0025Cadmium. Dtttorved

Copper, Dissolved

Lead. Dissolved

«0009; 1

1.3

W5~

T-

00

0~0~

0005 0robos"

000251 < j 1.3

O.OI$i~<~fboi5

Ztac, Dissorvad J 0.02!Udmum, Dissolved 1 0,000:Cadmkim. DEuotveddmkim. ObsoNedrtiuum. Dlsaotved

Cadfnhim. Drssotvad

Cadmmn. OUsoTvedCadnuum, DtaaotvedCadmium, DosotvedCadmium, OiESorvedCadmkm. OtitorvedCadmkim. DtswrvedCidmlum, DeuotvedCadmium. OlssorvedCedmlum, DissolvedCadmium. Observed

Caomhan. Dburved

000130001.00015 <0.00051V00009] <0.00091 «

000097 <

OOOOli <

00135; 10.00791 1OOlSfli 100t84j 10.01731 1

0011* 1

0.0142! 1

s

1

0

0

u0.009 ! 0o.dcT] o0.005 j 0~6oos i <rTFooTTb

To.oo5-t-o0.005 1 00005 1 00.005 I G

JO 005

,0.0030.00500050005

1 0005

-" 0.005"" 0005

0* 0

1

T1

11

r1

_L_

L

HHLLH

LHLLLH

LHLHLHH

LHLL

LHL

L

L

L

LLL

LL

L

LLLL

L

L

LH

H

LLLHHLLHLH

LLL

HL

134895

746750

746756

746819"larfSST630634749139749141749151749167749256

134919137536630640

-<•

ECOLOGY AND ENV

Ecology 6 Envfrormenu Inc.

Ecotogy * Environment. Inc.

Ecology ft Environment. Inc.

|GW

r

Sample bom a *ei on undeveloped land bordering the east side of tie Arkansas Rrvar. appnudmatciy .5Tites south of ffw East Fork confkience.SAMPLED FROU WELL ON UNDEVELOPED LAND BORDERING E SIDE OF ARKANSAS RIVER. S

GW Ml S OF E FORK CONFLUENC

GW

GW

GW

WWL ' JGWPubHc Water SystemsPublic Water SystemsPubic water SystemsPubHc Water SystemsPublic Water Systems

ECOLOGY AND ENV

GWCWGWl

Sampto bom a w«l on undeveloped land bordering the east tide of ha Arkansas River, approxknalaty .5mtkts south ol ha Ea» Fork confluence.Sample from a wal on undeveloped land bordering the east tide of Via Arkanus Rtver. appraximalaty .Smiles south of tie East Forh confsjence.

Sampted bom a Up oil a ilorege tank In he wel house for Lake Fork Trafler Park, west of LeadvBe.

Afkansn River ai rUer parkke Fork UHP. Blend Tank

M» Fork UHP. Blend TankLake Fork MHP. Btend Tank

GW Lake Fork MHP. Bkmd TankGW^MI Eben TP. Wei 11

: SAMPLED FROU A TAP OFF A STORAGE TANK IN THE WELL HOUSE FOR LAKE FORK TRAILERGW iPARK. W OF LEADVO.LE

WATER.WASTE AND GW {Arkansas River at Mar parkWWL

749145 Pubic W«ta Systems j749153

"74920"

134920137537

749140749156749253749263

746828137S39~630604746723

746725746393746728

7413732 "1

746735

134691

134692385009"746744

746901746609"

134947746610

746816746910

"MSB5T746711

746713

746714

~74672B46663746865346686946666546942346S4424694614G94BO469499704464704520468701

~4687lT466733

-468749"469518

469556£4B»i5~

Pubflc Water SystemsPublic Water Systems

GW555"

Arkansas Rnrer ai frailer park.ake Fork MHP. Btend T«nk '

GW rLaka Fork MHP. Bland TankGw'utEtiertTP.Weltl

1 SAMPLED FROU A TAP OFF A STORAGE TANK tN THE WELL HOUSE FOR LAKE FORK TRAILERCOLOGYAHDENV ! GW PARK. W OF LEAOVILLE

WATEH.WASTE AND I GW i Arkansas River at friler parkWWL 1 CW •Arkansas River at Mar park•ubllc Water System ! GW ILaka Fork UHP. Blend Tank

Pubuc Water Systems

Public Water SystemsPublic Water Systems

ccJogyl Environment. Inc.WATERWASTEANDWWLEcokw* Environment, Inc

Ecology* Environment, IncURS/EPAEaâErrrfronmenlinc

Ecology i Environment IK

Ecology t Environment, me

GWGW

-GWGW

Laka Fork MHP. Blend TankUt Efcert TP. Wai f 1MtEbadTP.WeBtl

Sampkid from a lap ofl a storage tank In ffie wal house lor Lake Fork Trailer Park west of Loadvllte.Arkansas Rrvei at tamer pork

GW [Arkansas River el feeler parkGW ISampb tarn the kitchen tap hi a nuklance. on County Road 44. soutt of Leadv)

GW 1 Sample from tha kitchen tap hi a residence, on County Road 44. south ol LeadviGW -Sample from a we! at a residence, on County Road 44. souOi of LaadvQGW

CW

GW

ECOLOGY AND ENV ! GW

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ECOLOGY AND ENV

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•cotogy 6 Envkvvnent. Inc

GWGWGWGWGWCW

GWGW

GWEcotogy A EmfconmenL Inc GW

Sample from the kfcchen tap In a residence, on County Road 44, south of Leadvi

Swnpkt from the Ufchen tap si a teikience. on County Road 44. tout) of Leadvi

Sampto from a dug wet behind a residence on SouA highway 24. Leadvi

SAMPLED FROU A DUG WELL BEHIND A RESIDENCE ON SOUTH HIGHWAY 24. LEAOVILLE

SAMPLED FROM A DUG WELL BEHIND A RESIDENCE ON SOUTH HIGHWAY 24 LEAOVILLESC01008034DCC " " " " " "Scmpte from a dug we! behind e residence on Souti highway 24. LeadvHSampted from a lap bom the wal in a Lendvflto raddence. on Highway 300. LeadvtSampled from a kitten tap in a LaaxMOa raddence. on Highway 300. LeadviSampled from e tap from the wri hi a UadvUe residence, on Highway 300. Leadvi

SAMPLED FROU A KITCHEN TAP IN A LEAOVILLE RESIDENCE. ON HIGHWAY 300. LEAOVILLESampled from a top from the wel tn a Laedvda residence, on Highway 300. Laadvl

Sampted from a taplram the wet In a Lesdvite residence, on Highway 300. LeadviSampted from • klutan tap tn a LtadvUe residence, on Highway 300, LaadvlSampte CQlectad from a spring pool north of a ranch on County Road 44. south ol Laadvl

Ecology & Environment, Inc ! GW {Sampto collected from a spring pool north of a ranch on County Road 44, south of Laadvl

Ecotogy & Environment Inc

Ecology « Erunronmard. Inc

E^ ÊrrSorSiSrmrJOS * USGS lor EPA

GW i3*rnpto cosected trom a spring pool north of ranch on County Road 44. sou B» of Leadvi

GW : Sample coDedad from a spring pool north of ranch on County Road 44. soutti of Loadvd

GW jsampto cotected from a spring pool north of ranch on County Road 44. Mufti of LaadvlGW !-OB9a.99

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GWGWWGWfTWGWGWCW

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i -9998.99-9999.99

^999999-090909 " •J~ • - -

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1-9999.99j-0999.99•999999-9099.08-099099

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6.5

65

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60

00

60

607

7

7

7

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50

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82

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49

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39

39

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j 27

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32

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r

u

u

^

:|»LHRO-062 0

LNRD406

1LNRD-062 I

LNRD-062

1

0

LNRD-062 ; 0

LNRD-039 1 0LNRD-068.NRO-068LNRD-068jjRD-oaa

LHRCWJ06

D000

"o"

1TLNRCMOS j o"1 LNRD-039

LNRD-06000

•LNRD-060 1 0

•LNRO-006[LKRD-OOe""1

ltKRD-039

YY

YY

LNRD466

LNRD468~

LNRD-062LNRO-OOfl

Y LHRD439

•yTLNRooea"YY

Y

Y

Y

"F0

~b~000

000o"

~rLNRD-065 j 0TNRD-062 }~1

LNRD-062 j 0

LNRD-062 j 0

LNRD406

Y !LNRD-OOeUYYYY

YY

YY

LNRO-031LNRD-062

1

,00

LNRD-062~1 0LNRD-062LNRD-062

0

LNRO-006 i 11NRD462 { f

LNR0462'LNRD-062

U 1LNRD463"U JLNRD462

U

U

U

N"NNNNN

NN

"N"N

"hi1TNN

N

0~> 0

4*-v-

LNRD-062 I 0

:LNRD-062 j 0

LNRD-062]LNRD421iLNRD-021iLNRMjT"ILNRD-021

[LNRD-073ILNRD-023li.NRD-023ILHRCWOlLNRD-056

'UNRO-OS0LNRD-021

ILNR&JMI[LNRD-021

[LNRD-023

! o[ o

R1 0

To"00(10

-5-0

W

|LNRiWI23 t 0ILNRD-023 i (

App_E_gw_Tbl_1 o3.xls Page 1 of 15 10/22/2002

Groundwater Data forDissolved cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for all data sets, am

Is River Reaches 0 to 3.il cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for CDPHE data (LNRD-068).

S Art Rl.CadrrSum. DtssoNedSArt Hl.Codmlum. DissolvedSArt Hi Cudrnkm. DissolvedS Art R 1 .Cadmhxn. Disserved

PartedPeriod!

• f

MFCSbMwHsmeJUW02

Period 3 iUUWOTPeriodS UMW02Period S

SArt Rl CarJmkm. Disserved 1 Penod 3SArt Rl.Cadmkim. Observed jS Ark Rl.Cadmium. Ousorved \S Ark RlCodrrium. Observed [S Art Rl Cadmium. Dlssarved l

Periods"PertodTPeriods'Period 3

SArt HI Cadmlurn. Dissolved i Period 3SArt Rl.Codirri*n. Dissolved ] Period 3SArt Rl Codmkm Dissolved I Period 3SArt Rf.CodrreW Disserved j Penod s"

Art Rt.CadmSm. DisservediArt Rl.Cadmium, Dlssarved

S Ark Rl.Cadrnkm. Dissolved-SSiJPeriod S

S Art Ri Cadrraun. Dissolved ; Period 3SArt Rl.Cadmium. Disserved [ Period S

Art Rl~Cadrrdum Disserved Period 1Art RLCoerrdum. Dissolved ! Period 3

JUW02UUW02JUW03UUW03JUW03JUW03UMW03UUWOSLtuwoaJMW03UUWOSuuwosuuwosUUW04UUW04UUWO4UUW04

SArk R i.Cedrrtisn. Dissolved Period 3 JUUW04

SArt Rl~ Cadneum. Dissolved 1

SArt RrCndrr* .oii*arved

Penod 3 IUUWO4

Period 3 !uuw04SArt Rl.Cadrnrum. Dissolved Penod 3SArk Rl.Cedrrsum. Dissolved i Period 3SArk Ri Cadmhm. Dissolved j Period 3S"Art'Ri.Cadrrs\m. Dissolved i Pert 3

UUW04UUW04uuwos

SArt Ri.Cadmkan. Dlssarved • Period 3 ;UMWDSSJM Ht.CadWn, Dissolved i Period 3 i UUWOSSArt Rl.Cadmtun. DtssorvedSArt Rl.Codn**n. Dissolved

Period 3"Pernd's"

Art Rl.CodmUn. Disserved • PeriodsS Ark HiCodrtum. Disserved i PeriodsS Art Rl.Cadmium. Dissolved j Period 3S Ark Rl.Cedmhm. Dissolved ! PeriodsSArt HI. Cadmium. Dissolved 1 Periods..Art Rl Cadmium. Dissolved Penod 3

S.Ari Rl.Cadmium. dissolved i Period 3S.Art Rl.CadrrJum, Dlssofved Period SS.XrtRi.Cednttum.Ortsafved i Periods,AA R l Cadmium Dissolved i Period 3

SArkR1.Carirniurn.Dti»arvBd ! PeriodsS Art Rl.Codmun. Dissolved | Periods

uuwosuuwosuuwosUUW05uuwosuuwosuuwosUUW 13

UUW ISUMW13UUWI3UUW 13UUW 3UUW 4A

1 Art Rl. Cadmium. Orssolved Period S IUUW 4A[Art Ri Cadmium. Obsorved

SArt Rl.Codmkjn. DissolvedSArt RI.CodmMn. DiBiofvedSArt Rt.Cadrnhan. DisservedSArt HI. Cadmium. DisservediArt HI CadmUm. Dissolved

SArt Rl Cadmhm. Dissolved

[.Art Rl Cadmlun. DisservedS:AA"Ri.Cadrr4urri. DbsorvedS Art R 1 Cadrnfcxn, DissolvedSArt Rl.Codmkm. Dlssotved

PeriodS [UUW 4A~Penod ~3 iUUW 4APenod 3

"KSdTPenod 3PeriodsPeriods

PerbdSPeriodS

"'PenotfifSArt R1.C»dmrum. Observed Period 3

SArt Rl Cadmium. Dissolved j Period 3S Art Rl.Codrrdum. Dissolved i Period 3S.Art Rl Cadmkm. Dissolved ! Penod 3S.Art Ri.Cadrnrum. Dissolved "T Period 3

SArt Rl.Cadrrium. DissolvedSArt Rl Codrrtum. OUsobadS Art Rl Cedmkvn. DissolvedSArt Rl Codmrun. DbsorvedSArt Hi Codmfaan. DbsorvedS Art Hi Cadmium. DisservedS .Art H 1 .Copper, DissolvedS Art HI. Copper. DlssarvedS Art Rl.CappM. Disserved

SArt Rl. Capper. Observed

'UUW 4AJUUW 4AIUUW 4AJUUW4BiUUW 4D

iUUW 4BJUUW 40•UMW 4B[UUW 48IUUW 5A

UUW SAtUUW SA1UMW SAJUUW 5A

Penod 3 JUUW SBPerM3PeriodsPeriod 3

""Period's

'Period!Period]PeriodS

PertodS

SArt Rl.Coppar. Dissolved Periods

!UUW SBiUUW SBJUUW 56(UUW SBJUMW SBJUMW01'UUWOI1 uuwoi

'uuwoiiUUWOIi UUWOI

SArt Rl Cappof. Dissolved Penod 3 !UUWOiSArt R). Capper. Disserved Penad 3 iuUWOISArt Rl Copper. Dissolved Period SSArt Rl.Capper. Dissolved Period 3

5 Art HI Copper. Dissoiveci ~^ Period 3S Art HI Capper. Disserved Period SS Art Rl Copper. Dissolved [ Period 3

. — —

UUWOIUUWOI

lUMWOZJUUW02IUUWD2

J

i-"T*

7997001

rm79!ax831

1831

103C

1830

030ISCM

1131

1 131131

1 MSM;M:M:

043

843

M:i M:

H:047

047847

1M7MTM7847M7

1 647M7792

792792782792792131631031031B31831

1831

1831

1031

1031

1831

1831

1831

1054

~5sl854854054

854as-85485-0540547M701766

76.70<

176i

1768

1761

I76i

179!

179179

|GWGWGWGWGWGW

D*fle10/78/1999 admkini. Observed6/1 5/2000 iCadmkjm. Dissolved0/1 5/2000! Cadmium. Observed8/29/20008/29/20006/9/1998

7/14/1990GW i 9/8/1998GW! 11/9/1998GWGWUWCWCWGW

3/23/10995/18/19096/15/19990/17/1999

10/28/19996/15/2000

GW 0/29/2000GW! 8/9/1991GW i 7/1 4/1 9UGWj 9J8/199I

.5", 11AV199I

Cadmium. DisservedCadmsxn. OlssotvedCadmbrn. ObservedCedmkim. ObservedCadmsjm, ObservedCadmium. Oluorved"Cadmium. DisservedCadmun, ObsorvedCadmium. ObsorvedCedmejm, DbsotvedCadmkm. DosorvedCedmkun. DbsorvedCadmium, absolvedCeArilum. ObservedCadmium. ObservedCedmbm. ObsorvedCedmsim. Dissolved

3/23/1999 'CadrnUn. Disserved

GW iOAO/1999!Cadntom. ObservedGW 0/15/2000GW1 0/2A/200CGW = 6/9J19SHCW 1 7/14/19MGW i Brt/IBWGW 1 1 1/9/1991GW

W13/73/199!5/18/1991

JW • 8/15/109!GW 8/17/199!3W i 10/20/199!

^wr"a/i5«w

Cadmium. ObservedCadmson. DbsoNedCadmium. Observed

Cadmium. Obsorved

Cadmsjm, DissolvedCadrruum. ObservedCadmium. ObservedCadmium. ObservediCadmlum. ObservedCadmium. Obsorved

GW i fl/29r2000!Cadm*jm. absolvedGW ( 3/22/199! Cadmium. Observed

GW; 6n5/1999jCadrnJum.OowirvedGW1 0/17/199! Cadmium. DbsorvedGWj 10/28/1 999 'Cedmsjriv. Dissolved3W j 6/I5/2DOI

0/79/7000CBdmksn. DisservedCadmium, Observed

3/23/1999 Cadmium. DtssoNedGWj 5/17/1991GWGWGWGW

& IS/19998/17/1999

10/20/199!

iCodmkim. Dissolved'cadmium, Observed[Cadmium, Dbsorvedi Cadmium, Observed

fi/l 5/2000 ICedmkim. OlssotvedGW j a/JWOOOjCadrnkm. DisservedGW j 3/23/1991 JCtdmion. ObseivodGW ; 5/17/1999:Cadrnhjm. Observed

GW i 0/1 7/1999! Cadmium. DissolvedGW 1 0/28/1999 jCerjmhim. DissolvedGWGw"GW

6/1 5/2000 iCaamlum. Dissolved0/29/200 iCtdrnsun. Observed3/23/1999JCadrnJum. DbsoNad

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liCopper. Dissolved9: Copper. Dbsorved

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r r/WiasBi Copper. Observed9A/1BS

TlfiVIW

J ! — j ffi.™

1 iCepper. DbsorvedijCopper. Dbserved

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0016

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0.00062!00513

0.095S001310.0303J

0.0014000021

0.0044 =0.0034!o.oosz!000090.0030^

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Groundwater Data f<Dissolved cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for all data sets,

is River Reaches 0 to 3.I cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for CDPHE data (LNRD-068).

. '•'• '-. . ."••: .."•:..•- ' , .:i .- ". • •• .;. --^:'-j-.-!i;.'.-.,4ri-'•/ ''••"'•'• '•'.:. "• / ' -.I:':! ;":vi;^/^V**V.:

: . • • : * • . > • . - ' 'Cam U. „ ' . ' • ' . ' • " 'period :".'.''' • loTO8lo.iiM.nir >X :*":

S Art Hl.Coppor. Dissolved Penod 3 !UUW02S Ark RV Capper. Dissolved Pertod 3 JUUW02SArt Rl Copper. DusorvwJ Pertod 3 JUUW02SArt Rt.Coppor. Dissolved i Period 3 1UUW02S Art Rl.Cappar. OiuorMd } Period 3 :UMWQ2SArkRl Coppar. nssahwd : Pertod 3 UUW025 Ait HI Caooei. assarted i Penod 3 UMWOZ

Art Rt Copper. OlisaNad Portod 3 '.UUW03SArt Rl Coppor. Dttiahad L?*" 3 [UUW03

Art Ri.Copp-. Otiiatnd Period 3 JUUW03SArt Rl COOPV. Dissolved Period 3 JUUW03S Art HI Capper Unsolved Penod 3 IUUW03S Art Rl.CcppV Dn*rtvnd Ponod 3 1UUWQ3SAifc Rl.Cappar. OiisaWed ! Period 3 UUW03SArt Rl.Cappar. CNssolvad Pertod 3 ;UUW03SArt" Rl.Cappar. Oitsatrad ! Pertod 3 JUUW03S"AA Rl Copper. Dissolved ; Ponod 3 (UMW03S'Arti Rt Copper. bliiohed Portod 3 JUUW03S Art HI Capper. Dltsafved Period 3 JUUW04S.Art Rl.Copper. Dissolved ! Periods UUW04

S.Art Hi Cappor. Dhsalrad ; Ponod 3 JUUW04SArt Rl Copper. Dissolved ' Period 3 1UUW04S Art Rt.Coppor, bTssohad ! Period 3 JUMW04SArt Rt.Coppei. Ofesatvod ! Period 3 JUMW04

SAriLRI.Capper. Dissolved ! Portod 3 !uUW04i Art Rl.Cappo.. JbiMotved i Period 3 JUUW04

S Art Rl Coppar. Unsolved Penod 3 IUUW04SArtRirCoppOF.'aiioNid' Period 3 JUUWOSS.Art Rl Coppar. Olkcatved • Pertod 3 ! UUWOSS?M RI.CaKMf'. DfesiobMI i Period 3 ; UUWOSS Art Rt. Cappw. Otssalvad i Period S [UUWOSSArti Rl" Copper. atsaWwd j Period S jUUWOSlArtRI Copper. Dusotvod Period 3 UUWOS

SAikRfCorjpV. Dissolved j Period 3 JUUWOSS Art Rt.Cnppar. Disserved i Pertod 3~j UI4WOSS/Arti Rt.CoppBr. Di*«J*vod i Period 3 UUWOSSArt Rl Coppor. DUtoNod ! Pertod 3 UUWOSS>rt Rl.Cappar. ftssofved I Pertod S UUWOSSAiiRl.Cnpper. Dissolved i Pertod 3 UUW13S Ark Rl Capper. Dissolved • Penod 3 UUW13S Ark Rl Conner. Oissahrad J Periods UUW13S Ark Rl Copper. OrstarMd j Period 3 UUW13SArtRi. Coppor. Dissolved 1 Pertod 3 !UUW13SArt'HVCoppw. O«at«d i Pertod 3 iUMWISS Art Rt.Coppor. Dissolved i Pertod 3 ;UUWI3SArtHI.Cappai. OlsiaiVed [ Pertod 3 ;UMW14ASArt Rl.Coppw. Obsatvod ; Periods UUW14ASArt Rl.Copper. OissotMd i Periods UUW14AS Art Rl.Cappar. bttsotved ! Pertod 3 |UUW 4ASArtRi. Coppar Dissolved I PenodsiuUW 4AS"A* Rl.Coppor. Dissorvwl 1 Periods UUW 4ASArti RT.Copper. Dissolved j Periods UUW 4ASArt Rl.Cappar. Dniahad ! Periods iUUW 48S*Art¥i. Coppor. UstolMd Period 3 UwW 48SArtRi Coppor. Dissalvad Periods UUW 4BSArt Rl.Coppw. Otosohwd ', Pertod 3 iUUWt4BS Ark RVCappar. Dissolved i Period 3 IUUW 149S Art Rl.Copper. OlssoNad - Pcrtod 3 [UUW14BS.Art Ri.Cappei. Dissolved • Poriod 3 1UUW14BSArt Rl.Capper. Dlssatvod ! Period 3 !UUWI5AS.Art HI. Coppar. Dissolved [ Penad 3 {UUW15ASArh Rl.Capper. Observed | Period 3 UMWlSASArt Rl.Cappar. Otssolvad J Period 3 JUUWISASArt Rl Copper. Otssalvod j period 3 JUUWlSAS.Art Rl.Cappar. Dissolved Pwtod 3 JUUWISAS Art R rcopper. JHnolved Penod 3|UUW15BSArtRl.Capper.Dlssolved Period 3 ! UUW 158SArtRt~Coppar.bissolvod Periods UUW 1 SBSAitRI Capper. Dissolved Penod 3 UUWI5BS Art Rl.Cappar. Dlssorvod j Portod 3 1UUW156S.Art Rl Cappor. Disserved ; Period 3 .UUWISBSArt Rl.Cappar. Dissolved j Pertod S lUMWISBS~Art RI.Lud. Dissolved ! Period 3 'tJUWOS Art Rl Lead. Dissolved ! Period 3 UUWOS Art RI.Laod, Dlssorvad T~Pwiod'*3" UUWOS.ArtHl.Leod.6TssolVad . Pwtod 3 UUWOSArt Rl Lead. Dissolved j Pertod 3 UUWOS Art Rt Lew), biisatvad p.nad 3 JUUWOSArt Rl.Load, OlcsctfMd ' Ponod 3 'UUWOSArk RTLeod. oWiidd I PeriodTJUUWb ~~ "S Art Rl'Lead. Dissolved Portod S iUUWOS Ark" HI Lead. DJctaivod 1 Period 3 ?UUWOS Art R 1 Lnod. Dissolved {j>eriod 3 iUUWOS Art Rl (dad. DUsarved i Portod 3 iUUWOJSArt Rt Lead. Dlssalvod ! Penod 3 i UMWOZ

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;opper. Obsotvediper. Dissolved

Copper. OocolVodCapper. Dluahed

Copper. DissolvedCopper. DissotvwlCopp...Db»o>v«dJ3ppof. DtStOtVadCoopsf. Dtssatvod

^pper. DbsotvedCapper. Dissolved

Copper. ObsahrodCopper. Dkssorvod

Capper. Dtsiurved

Copper. DissolvedCopper. OUsotvedCapper. DbualvadCapper. Dissolved

Capper. DissolvedCoppor. OasatvedCopper. DissolvedCcppor.OlssaNed

1Copper. DtaaaNed

Capper. DtetotradrCopper. Dissolved

Copper. Dtesotvod

Capper. ObsatMdCoppor. DisservedCapper. DtssotMdCapper. Dissolved

Capper. DlssarvedCopper. Ots solvedCopper, DissolvedCapper. DissolvedCapper. Dissolved

Copper. DissolvedCopper. Dasalved

Copper, Dissolved.Copper. Dissolved

Copper. DissolvedCapper. DissolvedCopper. DttiatvBdCopper. DissolvedCopper. DissolvedICopper.DiuotvMJCppper. Dissolvedi Capper. DissolvediCopper. Dissolved[Capper. DissolvedCoppor. Dissorved.Lead, Dissolved

jLeed. Dlscotved

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Groundwater Data forDissolved cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for all data sets, am

River Reaches 0 to 3.ital cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for CDPHE data (LNRD-068).

• - . . . • Cau . - . - . • •SArtRI.LowJ. Diwotv«dS Art Rl Lead. Dlssav odi Art Rl Lud. Dliialvad

Pertod^:" -:ti iiiiii -V: ,

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S.Art Rl Lud. btiiofrad Period 3JUUW02

S.Art H1.Lud. DIuaNod • Period 3 !UUW02S Art Rt tMd. Oiuohed j Period 3 JUUW02SArt Rl.Lud. DliMfwd 1 Parted 3 jSArt Rl.lMd.OHaoNwd ; Period 3 |

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SArt HI LMd. OtMofrad f Perid 3 (UUW03S Art Rt Lud. CMuovwj Parted 3 ;UUW03S Art Rl Lud. Ottiohed • Parted 3 iUMW03SArt HI Lud. bitiobed i Parted 3 JUMW03

Art Rl.Lud. DluoJved | Parted 3 IUUWO3

Art Hi LeM. DtuoNed iSArt Rt Loud. Dmotved ' ~Pertbd"3~ JUW03SAikRILud.auo«ed [ Parted S !UUWOS

Parted 3 UUW03

SArt Rt.Lud. OnuMMd ! Parted 3 [UUW04SArt RLLnnd. Otatthed ! Parted 3 JUUW04SArt. Rl.LMd. Diuafred J Parted 3 JUUWO4SArtt Rl.Lud. DfotdvedS Art Rl.Laod. DUtGH-od

Period 3 JUW04UUW04

SArt Rl Lud OutotMd J Parted 3 UUW04SArt Rl Load. Diuoivod ! Parted S |UUW04S Art HI Land. Diuojvad

Art Rl Lud. DUUwadS Art Rt Laod. DliioNedSArk Rt.Laod. OUMfvedS Ark Rt.Lud. Observed

SArh Rl.Lud. Oi»«radSArt Rl Tend. DuMhedSArfc Rl.LMd. OtuDfeodSArt Rl LMd. OtuttmaS.Art HI. LMd. DisK*edS Art Rl Load. DluobedSArk Rl Load. D»Mh«d.Art HI LMd. DIuoNed

SArk Rl.Lud. DluarmdS Art Rt.Lud. DlMCfeedSArt RLLend. DluobedS.ArtRI.Laad. Dtiidhed

Parted 3 :UUW04Parted 3 IUUWO4Parted 3 'uUW04Period SjPeriods

"Pa'rtodT"Parted 3Period's"

PeriodsParted 3PeriodsParted 3jParted 3Panod 3

"Parted 3'

UUW04UUWOS

UUWOSuuwosUMWOSuuwos

UUW05UUWOSuuwosuuwosUUW 13UUWOUUW IS

S.Art HI. L«ad. OlitoNod ! Period 3 JUUW 3SArhRl.LiwJ. WswNfld ! Parted 3 ;UMW 3

S Ark Rl. Laad. DtaHrtMd Parted 3S.Art Rl. Laad. Dutorwd j Panod 3jSArh Rl.LMd. DtuolvedSArt Rl Laad. Diuohed

Period!"Periods

SArt Rt Lud. DltMtved j Period 3

S Art HI Land. PuolvedS Art Rl Laad. a»c*wdS.Art Rl.Lud. DincfeadSArt Rl Lead. Dluolved

•pertadTParted 3

UMW 4AUUW 4AUUW 4AUUW 4AUUW 4A

UUW 4AUUW 46

Parted 3 UUW 4DParted 3 luuw 48

SArkRl.Laad.Otuolved Parted 3 JUUW 4BS.AA Rt.LMd.Dluotved ! Parted 3 iUUW 4BS.Art Rl.Lud. OliiotoedS.Art R I. laud, OfuoffodSArt Rl Lud. DluolwdSArt HI Laad. diuatnd

-£!3fJ>arted3

S.ArkRlL*ad.D(uafeed i Period 3S.Art Rt Laad. OMiorvedS Art Rl Lead. DtuobedSArtRILud. OiuofrndS Ark HI Land. DIuoNad

SArt HI. Land. DliuNedS Art Ri.Land. OtuotodS.AA Rl.Lud. DUtolMdSArt RI.Lud. DrtaorvedSArtRI.Zinc.OlswfvedSArt R 1. Zinc, OiiMrvad

S Ark Rl Zmc. DicMrvad

SArkRI.Zbw:.DIuorved

SArk HI. Zinc. DlnohMdSArt R I. Zinc. DUsotved

S Art Rl Zinc. OUstfvod

UUW 48UUW 48UUW 5AUUW 5A

UUW 5APeriod3 UUM 5AParted 3 tuuvi 5AParted 3

^Period S

Period 3Parted3Periods

UMW SBUUW 5B

UUW15BUMW15BUUW13B

Parted 3 IUUW15BParted 3 UUWOParted 1 JUUWOPanod 3 UUWOParted S 'uuw6Parted 3 JUUWO

Period 3 JUMWQ

Panod 3 UUWOParted 3 UUWO

t lS— r:

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f

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3/22/199915/17/1999!

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a/17/1999lLud. DlUotvM10/28/1999 LMd. Dtuohtd0/15/2000 Laad. Olimriaj6/29/2000 'Lead. Diuoived

GW 6WI998;630] GW [ 7/14/1998

1l3fl[GW :830830

830~~630

63063C

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9Ar1990iLaad.Olnolv«d1l/9/l9M!L .OtuoN»d3/73/1990 Lud.Dluorvwd5/iOM 099 i Lead. DiiaoNed0/15/19998/1 7/1999

Imtd, DUaatvwlLud.Diuolved

lO/28/1999!Laad. DoaoNed0/1500008/29/2000

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am/tosa

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a/1 7H 9991 (KB/1 9996/15/2000

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,___ 6/29/2QOO;Lud, Unotved3/22/1999 Lead. DUaatwad5/1 7/1999 iLMd. DlmaolVMlft/1 5/1999 JUKI. Dissolved

10/28M999 LMd. DoaorwdGW anV2000;LBed.Otuotvad

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3/23M9KS/iari9S9

8/17/199910/28/19958/29/200C3/23/199!6/IW1B91

0/17/19991 0/20/1 B9t0/15/2001

__B/29/2000

7/14/1998

Laad. DiuDUnK)Lud.DUsolVK)Lkad. DtudvadLaad. OtnorndLMd.Ofuolvad

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SS^ —Laad, Otisotved'LMd. Dluolv«i•Lud, Diuohw]LMd. DiiaoNwi

jLud.DtuohedjLMd DtnoNadjLaad, DtuorndLaad, DlitoivadZterZ DJnolvedZMC. Dluorvod

9/B/i99aiZJnc. Dttcorwd1 1/Wl998;Zlnc. Dtuorwed3Q2/1999!ZJnc, Ditiolvad

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Groundwater DataDissolved cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for all data sets, ai

is River Reaches 0 to 3.il cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for CDPHE data (LNRD-068).

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SArk Rl.Zinc. Dissolved £ Period 3 ' UUWOS

S.Art Rl Zinc, Dissolved ! Period 3 iUUWOJSArk Rl Zinc Otnolved j Period 1 {UUWO2S Art Rt Zinc. Dtuarved I Period 3 luLtWOZ5' Art Riizinc. Dissolved 1 Period 3 <UhtW02S Art Rl.Zinc, Oiuatvod ' Periods UUW02

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Aik"Ri Zinc Diuolved"" | Pertod 3 1UUW035 Ark Rl.Zinc. Diuolved i Portod 3 UMW03

Ark Rf Zinc. Dissolved Periods UUWOSSArt Rl Zinc, Oiuotved ! Period 3 UMW03SJrtRrZir 'oluatved ! Periods UUWOS

ArtHlinc.OiMalved f Period3 UUWOSSArk Rl Zinc. Dtwotwd E Penod 3 JUUWO4SArii Rl.Ztoc. Dtearved Penod 3 JUUWO4

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Groundwater Data forDissolved cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for all data sets, infl aN

is River Reaches 0 to 3.j cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for CDPHE data (LNRD-068).

.-: • - " • Caw j _,_Art R2 Cadirtum. OuohodArt R2 Codmtum. Obnbed

S Arh R2 CadmMn. OtsuhedSArk R2.Caorrdum, Observed

SArt R2 Cadnfcvn. Uuobed5 Arh R2.Cndm1um. Dbaotoad

PeriodPeriodsPeriodsPeriodsPertedS

' -+•

1UWOSIMW06JMW07UUW07

Period S -UUW07Parted 3 IUUW07

S Arh R2 Codmkm. Diuohvd ( Period 3 IUUW07

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Period 3 iUUWOB

Period 3 iUUWOBperiods JUW08

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S Art FQ.Cadrntint, Ouched' ; Period 3 UUW09S Arh RZCattnhm. Dissolved i Period 3 UUW09SArk RlCadmhan. OtiuNed j Period 3 iUUWOSSArt R2 Capper. OruolvedSArt R2 .Copper. DtuatvedS Art R2.CoppM. OiualvedS.AA R2 Capper, Dlcmatved

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Period 3 UWWOTPeriods UUW07PeriodsPeriod 3PariodSPeriods

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Period 3"pertoVsPeriodsPeriog-3Period 3

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App_E_jgw_Tbl_1o3.xls Page 6 of 15 10/22/2002

Graundwater Data forDissolved cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for all data sets, an

r. River Reaches 0 to 3.cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for CDPHE data (LNRD-068).

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App_E_gw_Tbl_1o3.xls Page 7 of 15 10/22/2002

GrouncJwater Data forDissolved cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for all data sets.•an^BWa

River Reaches 0 to 3.cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for CDPHE data (LNRD-068).

. \'''^]^:^^'^'

S Ark R3 Codmkjm. OluolvadS.AA RD.Codmlum. CMiulwd3 Arii R3 Cadmium. OtiKtfwad

PartedPartod 3Panod3jPartod Tj

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S Ark R3 Cadmium. d»*orved f Parted 3 AWTC-3SArt R3 Cadmium. Dis&oNed !SArk fO.Cadmlum. DIsMtod

S.Art R3.Cadmnm. DuiohwdSArk R3 Cadmtum. ObservedS.Art R3 Cadmium. Dtuolwd

SArk RS.Cndmtum. DU*otv*dS Art R3.CadmlumÔr»»or-«lSArk R3 cWmkJmTDFssarued ~ "'SArk R3 Cadmkm. DfeeorvedSArk R3 Cadmhm. DiubtoedSArk R3.Cadmkim. QsiorvedS.AiX RXCadnmm. DusofvedSArt R3.Cadmlum. OiuorvedSArk R3 CadmUn. Ofssorvad

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S Art R3 Cadmium. OiuoNad , Pariod 3SArii R3 Cadmium, biuorvad l Parted 3SArt R3 Cadmium. Dtuofced _i_p*ltad 3

SArk R3 Cadmium. DI»oK<ad ! Pariod 3S Ark fO.Cadmtwn, Dlualvad } Partod 3

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S Art RlCadrnfum. diseoNed T"p*riod 3S Art R3 Cadmhim. CNiMrvodS Art R3 Cadmium. DissolvedSArt R3 Cadmium. Dts&otnd

P«hod3"Parted 3Parted 3

S Art R3 Cadmium. Disserved [ Parted 3

AWT2-3AWT2-3AWT2-4AWT2-4AWT2-4AWT2-4AWT2-4AWT2-SAWT2-5AWT2-5AWT2-5AWT7-5

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AWT3-2AWT 3-2AWTJ-2

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S Art R3 Cadmium. Dfitotoad

Parted 3Period 3Parted 3Parted 3~Pariod 3Parted 3Partod 3

S Arh R3 Cadmium. Disserved Parted 3S Art R3 Cadmkn. Observed j Pamd 3SArt R3.Cadmtum. DJisotvad j Parted 3S Art R3 Cadmium. Distorted ! Pariad 3S Art R3 Cadrniurn. OluoNod j Pariod 3SArt R3.Cadm»um. DltsafvedS Art R3.Codndum. Ottsgrvad

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'AWTS-BVwTWAWT34AWT4-1

S Art R3 Cadmium. Qiuatvad \ Fund 3 !AWT4-1S Art R3 Cadmium. OtsutvodS Art R3 Cadmlun. DissolvedSArt R3 Cadmtum. DtuoNad

S Art R3.CadJmbjm. DissolvedS Ark R3.Codmkjm. DisioNadS.Art KJ.Cadmtum. DlssorvadS Art R3 CwtrrriumTnuolvad

Period 3Parted 3

IAWT4-1JAWT4-1

Parted 3 'AWT4-1

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t Partod 3 1AWT4-2IsArk R3.Cadmium Otuotvad | Parted 3 JAWT4-3SJMk R3.CsdmlurH. Disserved ~ i Partod 3 !AWTV3S Art Rl Cadmium. OlsuirMd Parted 3 (AWT4-3S.Art H3 Cadmium. DIssdMdSArt R3 Codmlum. Dissolved

S Art R3.Cndrr*um, DMsarved

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"peTtoTi

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2117

2118

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2107

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j_ 7/10/1998 'Cadmium, Dbsotnd9JBV199(

1Q/25/19KSrW199(

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7/11/1991W7/199I

6/7/1991

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Groundwater Data forDissolved cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for all data sets, ai

îs River Reaches 0 to 3.il cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for CDPHE data (LNRD-068).

Co* Pertod UTOStafcnNamaS Art R3 Cadmhm. OwMtved Period 3 IUUWiOS.Art R3 Codntum. Dbtotved ! Penod 3 iUUWiOSArt R3 Cadmium. Dluafced Period 3 JUMW10S Ark R3.Cedmium. OHiatved i Penod 3 JUUW10SArt R3.C*drrtum. Diuaived } Pertod 3 JUUW10S Art R3 Cadmium. Dusolved 1 Penod 3 IUUWIOS Art R3 Cadrrium. Dissolved 1 Period 3 iUUWiO

S~Art RJ CadrnUm. Dtuorved ! Penod 3 ;UUW 0S Art H3 Cadmium, Dtiuvved ! Pertod 3 UMW aSArt'RSCadmkn Outolved ! Pertod 3 UMW 1S Ark R3 Cadmium Dt.utved i Pertod 3 JUUW 1.Art R3 Cadmium. Dlt-ofved 1 Pertod 3 "UUW 1

S.AA rU.CadmUii. DliMKed . Periods UUWll

SArtR3Cadmlurn DtssoWed ! Periods UUWll

S~ArtR3CedmUjm.rjlMOrVed Pertod 3 UUWllS Ark HiCadmJum. biuotved Period 3 jUMWI 1SArt R3 Cadmium. Oti*o»vod Pariod 3 -UUWl 1SArt U.Codmium. biubived i P«tod 3 i UUWl 2S Art RJ.Cadmrum. Dissolved i Period 3 IUUW12

. Art H3 Codnaum. BisoNed i Periods UMW12S Art R3 Cadrraum. DUsotvod ! Pertod S ;UMW12S.Art R3.Cednium. Otuofved ! Penod S UUW12

Art R3.Cadmtum. Dissolved • Period 3 UMW12S.AJTRyCedmium. OluoWed Period 3 UUW12SArt R3 Cedmhm. OiHotved Periods UUWl 2

ArtR3Cadmiurn.Oiuohred Periods UUWl 2S Art R3 Cadrrium. Dluohed Penod 3 UUW12S Art RS Cadmium. Diuaived Period S !UUWl2S Art R3 Cndnjum. Dusahed i Period 3 i UMW 16S Art R3 Codmium. OUsaived S Pertod 3 jUUWiaS Art R3 Cedrrrium. Orsaalwd f Penod 3 (UUWIBSArt*MCadnum.6lua»nd i Period 3 ; UUWl 6SArt R3 Cadmium, nuorved Period 3 IUUW16S.Art R3 Cadmium. Dissolved i Pertod 3 -UUWlBS Art R3 Cadmium. Dissolved 1 Period 3 JUUW18S Art H3 CwHWum. DtssoNed j Pertod 3 JUUWI7AS Art RS.Cadrrium. Diuotved i Pertod S JUUW17ASArt R3.Cadmium, DJuoWed i Pertod 3 -UUWI7A

i/rtRjCadrnJurii. DIssoNed Periods UUWl ASArt K3 Cadmkm. Diuotved Periods UUWl ASArt R3 Cadrrrium. ObBoVMt ! Period 3 UUWl AS Art R3.Cadmun. Ottscdved | Periods UUWl BS.ArtR3.Cadrn^w.druatved i Periods UMW17BSAARXCadmJum Diisatved • Pertod 3 SUUW17BS.Art R3.Cadmiurn. OUsotved ! Period 3 .UUWI7BS.Art R3.Cadmtum. Olssotved Pertod 3 .UUW17BI.Art R3.Cadfr.ium. DIuolVBd Period 3 UUW17B

S.Ark R3.Cedn.tum. Oiisorvrri Pertod S UUW17BSArt R3 Cadnvun. Dlisotvad Penod 3 UUW18SArt R3 Cadnaum. Dissolved Penod S ;UUWlBS.Art R3 Cadneum, Otaurmd Period 3 !uUWlBS.Art K3 Cadmium. DUsotved j Pertod 3 i UUWl 8S Art RS.Codmrum. Dtuohed [ Pertod 3 jUUW B5 Art R3 Cadmium. Oniatwd Pertod 3 JUUW BS Art R3 Cadmium. Dissolved i Period 3 jUUW 10SArt H3 Capper. Dissolved ; Period 3 iAWT -1S Art R3.Cappor. Dtuoived S Period 3 !AWT 1SArt R3.Copper. Dr-sobed Pertod 3 iAWT .)S Art" R3.CoDper, OiuaWed Period 3 IAWT iSArt RS.Copper. DUsaWed t Penod 3 JAWT -1S Art R3 Capper. Dissolved 1 Period S AWT -2SArk R3 Copper. Diuaived j Period 3 AWT -2S Art R3 Copper. Dissolved Period 3 AWT -2S.ArtH3 Copper. Ditsofved ! Period 3 AWT -2S Art W Copper, aswrved i Period 3 iAWT 2S.Art H3.Cappar. DUtatved { Pertod 3 IAWT -3S Art. RJ Capper. Dissolved i Penod 3 AWT -3S.Art R3 Copper. Dl.iaNed p Period 3 iAWT -3S Art R3 Copper. blisaiMd ~| Period S JAWT OSAA R3.Copper. Dluarved period 3 :AW1 -3S iArt RJ Capper. Dissolved j" Period 3 jAWl -4S Art Rl.Cappet. Dissatved 1 Period 3 JAW1 -4S Art R3 Copper. OUsotved 1 Period 3 JAW1 -4S Art R3 Capjxtf . OtssaWed • Pertod 3 JAWl -45 Art HI Capper. OtssarVed Period 3 iAWT2-1

3 Art H3 Cap|j« . DUufced Period" 3~TAWtt"l ™SArh R3 Capper. Dissolved Periods AWT2-I

SArt R3 Capper. Oiuotved Pertod S 'AWT2-2SArt H3 Copper. duarVed i Pertod S • AWT2-2SArt R3.Cat.iper. Ottsorved | Pertod 3 .AWT2-2SArt"R3.Capper. OlssaWed i Period 3 SAWT2-2S Art R3 Capper. Dluatwed I Pertod 3 JAWT2-2

9HJB

ULW

"

;

2048204820482048204820482048

204B2048205220522051

20SJ

"2052

2052205220522058

elfCWCWGWGW

CW

GWGW .GWGWGWUWrw"cw"

fDele

7/14/1998

1I/Q/1W8

a£Cadmium, DluatvedCadrreum. DissolvedCadneum. Dkaotved

3/2&71B99 Cadmum. Dicsatved5/1B/1999 ;CedmUm. Dttsotved6/15/1999 Cadmium. DkutivedB/17/I999 Cadmun. Oluarved

B/1SV2000B/ZB/2000

fiAfl998

7/14/19989A/1988

Mfl/1998

Cadmium, DevolvedCadmun, DeuotvedCadmun. DiuolvedCadmui), DtsMtvadCadmajm. DkaolvadCadmtm. Dtesotved

S/l8/1999;Cadmlum. Diuotved

GW : 8717/1999GW| 10/29/1999

GW ! 6/9/19982050 GW

~2658 GW2058

~205B205820582058205820582058208320832DU20832083208320832109

2109

2109

2109

2109

109IDS109109109IDS109lOOj124124124124

2124

2124

2124

2119

2119

211!

2119

2119

2117

21i;

2117

2 17"2 17

2 IB2 112 113118

2 182 12 13111 tJ i:

; 11:2 1

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11/0/19981/26/19995/18/1999

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'Cedrrvjm Otuotved~Cao rn.OtuorradCadmium. DttaotvedCadmium. DeooNedCadmium. DkaotvedCadmium. DeuotvedCadmium, ObservedCadtrtum, DttaotvedCedmbm. Oiualved

"Cadmium. Diuaived"Cadmun. DosntvedCedmtom. DIsaoNedCadmium. Observed

^Cadmium. ObsoivedCadmkjm. DissolvedCadmun. DbsohedCadmbrn. DkaorvedCadmhMn. DtuoNedCadmkjm. DissolvedCadmtom. DiuolvedCadrreum. OlMotvedCadmium. DissolvedCadmkm. Dtootved

'Cadmium. DBJaoVad "

l(V2B/l999iCadmlum. Dlnotved«/1 S/200t Cadneum. DIsaoMed(/JO/2000 iCedmajm, Diaiolved3/25/199! iCadneum, DisaoNed5/ia/i999JCadmkim, Diuotved

GW; 6/15/1991G«t"e7i7/S9iGWj 1009/109!GWGWGWGW

6/15/20008/30/200C

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GWj VI 7/199!GW long/liraGWGWGWGWGWGW

B/1 5/2001anonooo

{CadrraMn. DiuotvedCadmium. DhtsohttdiCadrnkm, Dtnotved[Cadmium. DtaorvadiCadmlum, DtosotvedjCadrnkMn. DeuofvedjCadmlum. OiuohedCadmium. DevolvedCadmkim. DbtoNediCadmum. DhsoTved; Cadmium, DfcsotvedIcadmium. Otartved

10/23/1095 'Copper. Diuotved5/7/1 986 Copper. Otuotved6M/199I7/8/199

GW ! 9M/1B9GW j IQV24/19B'GW| 5/7/199

Copper. DissolvedjCopper. DbioNedi Copper. Dliaotved{CoppM.DIuorved.Copper, Dtstotwd

GW : 8MJI996jCapper. OiasatvedGWGW

I 7/S/199! 9W1B9

GW[ 1Q/24/199GW ! 5/7/199CGW i art/tag

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GW < 7/8/1 906 'Copper, DiuotvedGW OH/199GWT 10/24/109,GW

GW^ BM/1991i 7/8/199<

GW i 9/4/I9E

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B/S/1987/3/1 M

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10QS/1995iCqppar. Dbnhnd5/a/iaatwieg7~/g7i9sW5/1U

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is River Reaches 0 to 3.il cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for CDPHE data (LNRD-068).

:' ' ' . - • ; - . ; : • • • • . ! • . . • : ; • . ; _

• 'ca*e ' "i1". '• .. • • Pwtad-Art R3 Capper. Dissolved Period 3

SArt R3 Copper Dfssarved • Period 3 ;Art R3 Capper. Dhsohed Penad^

SArt RS.Capper. Dissolved Period 3S Art RlCopper. Observed j Period 3 'S Art R3 Cappar. Dissolved 1 Penod 3S Art R3 Copper. DnsoNed 1 Period 3S Art R3.Copper. Otuotvad ! Period 3S.Art R3.Cappar. dissolved | Penod 3S Art R3 Cappar. Dissolved jSArt R3 Capper. Dissolved |

Periods ."Period 3"

Ark R3.Coppei. Dtssotvod Period 3 S Art R3 Copper . Dissolved i "Period 3

.L» :•''.. "v^ ' :• :•• ' ' • y.V^kWT2-3

AWT2-3AWT2-3MrVT2-3

AWT2-3kWT2-4

AWT2-4WT2-4WT2-4*WT2-4

AWT2-5WT2-SAWT2-S

S Art R3 Cappar. Disserved j Penod 3 JAWT2-5

SArt RS.Capper. DisservedS Ark R3.Coppor. Dissolved

Pertod3Period 3'

S.Art R3.Copper. Duvtfvod j Period 3Art R3.Copper. Dissolved Period 3

S.AritR3.Copper. Dissolved ! Period 3S.Art R3 Copper. Dissolved ' Pertod 3S Art R3 Copper. Dissolved ; Penod 3

AWT 3-1AWT3-1AWn-1AWTS-1AWT3-1AWT 3-2AWT3-2

SArt R3 Copper, Dissolved j Period 3 i AWT 3-2SArt RJ.Copper. Dissolved ! Period 3SArt R3 Copper, DissolvedS Art R3 Capper. OnsoKadSArt R3 Capper. Dlsialvod

.Art R3 Copper. DissolvedSArt H3 Coppof. DusoNedS.Art R3 Coppet. Dissolved

SArt H3 Copper. DIssoNed

AWT3-2Perad 3 IAWT3-2Periods AWT 3-3

Periods AWT3-4PertaJS

"Period's'Periodj

PeriodsS Art R3.Coppai . Disserved i Pertad 3SArt R3 Cappar. Dissolved

.Art R3.Copper. DissolvedrfS&L

PeriodsS.ArkR3 Copper. Dissolved ! Penod 3

AWTS-4AWT3-4AWT3-4

AWT3-SAWT3-5AWT3-5AWTWAWT3-6

S.Art HJ Capper. Dtuolved ! Penod 3 JAWTW

SArt HS.Cappnr. DisservedArt R3.Coppar. Dissolved

3. Ark R3.Cappar. Dissolved

s:Art"rUa£peY; DissolvedS.Art RS.Copper. DissolvedS Ark R3.Copper. DtisarvadSArt R3 Copper. DtitalvadSArt R3 Capper. Dissolved

S Arm WCoppm. Dissolved

PeriodsPeriods

'Period's"

PeriodsPeriodsPeriodsPeriods

'Periods

PeriodsS Art R3.Capper. Dissolved ; Period 3SArt HJ.Copper. Dissolved PeriodsS.Art R3 Cappar. Dissolved Period 3S.Art H3 Coppar. Dissolved ! Period 3SArt R3 Capper. DissolvedS Ark H3.Capper. Dissolved

L.P-3S1Period 3

SArt R3. Cooper. Dissolved 1 Penad 3

*AV¥T3-6AWT4-1AWT4-1

AWT4-1AWT4-1AWT4-2AWT4-2AWT4-2

AWT4-ZAWT4-SAWT4-SAWT4-3AWT4-SAWT4-3AWT4-4AWT4-4

SAri R3.Copper. DliiaMed T Period 3 !AWT4-4

S Art R3.Copper. Disserved ! Period 3 jAWT4-4S.Ark K3.Copper. Dusarrad < period 3S Art R3 Copper. Otesaived j Period 3*SArt RS.Coppar. DissolvedS.Art RS Coppar. DisservedS Art R3 Coppar, DissolvedS Art RS Copper. 'DissolvedS Ark R3 Copper. DissolvedSArt R3 Copper. DissolvedSArt R3 Cappar. DisservedS Art R3 Capper. DUsabvd

Periodsr "Period 3

Periods•periaVs"Periods

'""PeriodsPeriodsPeriods

SArt R3 Capper. Ottsahed ± Period 3SArt R3.Copper. Dissolved ! Period 3

S Art R3 Copper. Disserved i Ponod 3S.Art R3 Coppar, Dissolved 1 P«rlod 3S Art R3 Capper. Dissolved 1 Period 3

1AWT4-5-AWT4-51AWT4-5JAWT4-5AWT4-5UUWIOUUW10uMwibi UUWIO1UUW10JUUWIOluuwioiUMWIOJUMWIOjuuwioUUWIO

SArhRJ.Copper.DUiarvBd • Periods UUW11S Art RS.Capper. Dissolved ' Period 3S Ark Rs'Copper. Dissolved Period 3S.Art R3 Copper. Otssatnd ] Period :

UUW11UMW11iUMWll

SArt RS.Cappor. Dissolved I Period 3 iUHWll

S Art H jTCapper Ssioived i Portal 3 !u5w7iS.Art HI Cappar. Dissolved ; Period: >UMW11

S.Art R3 Cappar. Oissoiwd ! Period 3 JUUWI 1S Art H3 Copper. Dissolved j Period 3 1UUWI2

SArt RS.Copper, OliMlved i Period 3"iUMWIZ

12107

2107

~2~1072107

107

106

10E

106

"Toiji10610110)Tor

2101

2105

2105

2105

210!

2105

"21022 022 022 022 023 O209520ft2O952095

2092"20022092,208208

"SB"

20820962096

1GWGWCW1

Gw !GW

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~-

GWGW"

9A/19S610T24/I99S

5/7/1996SM/1996

;-^8iT«&M

Copper, OUsoNed

LCapper. Dlsiolved __Copper. DtssahedCapper. Dft solved

tCapper. DuofvedCapper. DisservedCapper, DissolvedCapper, DissolvedCapper. Dissolved

lCopper. Dissolved^Copper. DissolvedCopper. Oisaotved-Copper, Otuotved

GW • 7/9/1998 iCapper. Dasatved

GW i 10/2S/1S95 iCapper. DisservedGW 1 5AM 086 'Capper. DissolvedGW I 8/5/1998 Capper. OasarndGW ! 7/9/1991

WrTorS^GW i 5*1 we

GW ! 7/9/1991CW ! OrB/iOHCW ; 6/5/199)GWCW

[Copper. OttsdvediCapper, DissolvediCopper. Oluarved[Capper. Dbsohed^Copper. DtnorvodICapper. DissolvediCopper. DkualvediCapper, Dissolved

10r2S/l995;Copper. Ditaolved5/6/tOBi

GW 1 7/10/1996GW i 9A/1994

GW 1 SrW199CGW] 7/1 61 1991

GW•GOTb 9/6/1991

3/25/109!GW i 5/9/1991CW! MfiBl

GWGWGW

2096J GW209620942O*2094

200420892089208920692089208620882068

"MM20852085206S708!

20852O482041

2041

2041

204C204.

2042041

204204204205,

20i205205205

"as:205

205.

20*

"MS

GWGWGW

0/G/199J

iCopper. DttsorvedCopper. DissolvedCoppar. Dissolved

Coppar. Disserved'Copper, Dissolved: Copper, DtsaorvedjCopW. Dissolved

5:Copper. DkssohmdSiC^pper. Dbaotved"

S[Cepper. Dusohed ~~'10/26/1095; Capper. Dlssahed

5nVl096;Copper. Onsohed

7/1 l/1996!Cappar. Dissolved90/199

1006/199*5/9119G

GW"1 6/7/1 D9J

^Copper. OlisarvedICoeper. Dlscotved.Copper. Dissolved5 Capper. DlssaVed

CW 0/7/1 096.. Copper. DissolvedGW 10/267199!GWl 5/9/199GW ( 6/6/199

*~GWGW

7/10/199W7/199I

GW i 10/28/109GW I 5/9/1991GW I 4/6/199

i!Capp«.Dls»**dBl Copper. Dissolved(Capper. OtssoVedB. Copper. DissolvedS;Copper. DinalndSjCopper. DissolvedB; Capper. DissolvedGj Copper. Dissolved

GW j 9/7/1996; Copper. DftaoNMGWl 10(75/1*CW l SVB/199GWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWGWnwGWGWGWawCWGWGW

TnoTTw9nVie98/9/199

1 7M4/199i 9Wi«

SiCapper. DissaKedQ!copper. DtssolMdl-Capper. DiuahrediCopper. DissolvedBjCopper. DtssaMd8;Capper. DkuaNed^Copper. OissoNedBiCapper. Otavrved

11/9/l096;Cappar. Obuotved3V26/l099lCapper. DlssotvedS/lB/'lO! )'Capper. DissolvedenS/tOOOiCopper. DtseoNedB/17MB9

10/29/1918115/200warn6/9/199

OiCopper. DissolvedSiCapper. DisservedOjCopper, Dissolved^Copper. DbsoNedaiCopper. Dissolved

7/14/1998 Capper. OEseatvedgn/1998-Copper. Dissotved

1l/9/l996:Capper. Dissolved^ 3n6/1999!capper. Observed

5/1 8/1 009. Capper. Disserved8/1 S/igag.Copper. Otssolved

j GW 8/l7/l909;Capper. Dissolved

GW~| e72BV2ObO;Copper. DissaNedGW ; 6/9/l09e;Cappcr. Diesolved

GW i BA/lDSalCopper. Dosotved

is002!

0.0250.02!

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0.171

A

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Groundwater Data forDissolved cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) (or all data sets, ai

r Is River Reaches 0 to 3.il cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for CDPHE data (LNRD-068).



River Reaches 0 to 3.il cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for CDPHE data (LNRD-068).

l'^:&^r[':^;M^•• • :• •• .Can • .; -,. ••• -Period [, : . UFGStwBnMarm/"

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Art R3Leed. Dtuotvod Pwtod 3 [AWT3-*

SArt R3 Lead. Oiuofced ! Pwtod 3 JAWT3HS*Arii R31oM. DlsiioNwJ I Parted 3 SAWTMSArtR3Lo>d Dbuhml ', Parted 3 IAWT3-5SAWrmeaa:ta*oh«d "" " " ! Pw»d 3 IAWTMS Art R3 laall. DiSKriwd i Pwtoct 3 'AWT3-5

SArt R3 Lead. 0&oh*d j Pwtod 3 JAWT34SArt R3 LeM Otuoivw] i Pwtod 3 !AWT3-«SArt RJ Laad 0(mv*»d Pwtod 3 JAWTTMiArt R3J.ead. biuofrad Period 3 [AWT34

S Art R3 LWHI. DtitDfred Partod 3 JAWT4-1i Art RJ I Lwtt Jnaiohw) J Pwtod 3 JAWT4-1.Art R3.Le«J. Oliiolvod 1 Pwtod 3 AWT4-1

S.Art R3.Lead. Diuohwd i Period 3 JAWT4-15 Art R3.Le*d. DliioNed Penod 3JAWT4-1S Art ru.Laad. DbMtved \ Pwtod 3 :AWT4-2S Art R3 LaM. Ola**™* i Pwtod 3 'AWT4-25 Art R3.Laad~.~CtaioWod i Pemd 3 'AWT4-2S Art R3 Laad Otssobed i Pwiod 3 1AWT4-2SArt R3 L«M. Otiioived | Pwtod 3 [AWT4-2SArt R3 Load, DUM*W) | Pwtod 3 JAWT4-3

Art R3 Load bissofmd ! Penod 1 IAWT4-3S Art R3 Land. biublwod } Pwtod 3 1AWT4-3

lAfiiRHaad Unofcad ! Pwtod3'AWT4-4SArt R3 Load. Diuarved Petted 3 AWT4-4

I Art R3 Lend. OissnvwJ Pwtod 3 JAWT4-4SArt R3 LaM. Diuofead Partod 3 1AWT4-4

SAA R3 Laad. oitaohed Pwtod 3 iAWT4-5S Art R3 LaM, OKulrad Partod 3 AWT4-S

SArt R3 Laad. Oluolwd i Pwtod 3 {AWT4-SS Art R3LoN. UttaNrad ! Pwtod 3 JAWT4-5S i Art R3 Low. giuaNod Pwtod 3 !UUW10

!.Art R3 Land. Disiotvod Penod 3 JUUW10S Art R3 Load. Dissolved ! Pwtod 3 JUUW10S Art HJ.lBod. DJisotad J Pwtod 3 iUMWtOI/Art RJ Laad. DUuAw) j Pwtod 3 illUWlQ

SArt K3 Load. Dutotved > Pwtod 3 JUUWtO[ Art R3 Laad. Dfuotvad 1 Pwtod 3 iUUWIO

SArt R3.Laad. OlsioKwJ ! Partod 3 :UMWIOSArt RJ.Load. DlHoNed i Partod 3 UMW10S Art R3 Lead. Diuorvwl i Pwtod 3 UMW10S Ark R3 Laad. Dts*MWd Partod 3 UUW10

SAftR3Lead. Oltwrvwl Pwiod 3 UMW11S Art H3 load. DUubed i Pwtod 3 IUUW1 1S Art KD Land, Dliiofved Pwtod 3 jUUWI tS Art R3 Load. Disiohad Partod 3 UUWt 1SArt RJ Laad. DuaoNvd i Pwtod 3 ;UUW1 1S Art R3 Lead. Dtiurvw) •; Pared 3 ;UMW1 1S Art H3 Lead. Disaoivetf i Partod 3 jUUWiiS Art fl] Load. OUtofcw) ; Partod 3 -UUW1 1SArt R3.Lead. Dtesorwwl j Period 3 JUUWI tSArt R3Load. DhsoVed • Pwtod 3 JUUWI?SArt R3.Lud. QlMontad 1 Pwtod 3 !UMW12

S.Art RJ Laad. Dluobed j Period 3 'ufctWtaS Art R3 Load. Dusohrad i Pwtod 3 UWW12S.Art R3 Lead. DiuoNed I Pwtod 3 iU«W!2SArt RJ Laad. Dluowed i Panod 3 :UHW12SArtR3Lood. Oi«o**«d | Period 3 JUUW12S Art H3 Lead. Oliurved i Partod 3 JUUWI 2S Art RiXead. Otitatnd f Pwtod 3 JUUW1 2S Art R3 Lead. DlMotved j Period 3 |UMW)2SAA R3 Load. DUiovwJ 5 Periods UMW10S Art RJ.lMdro.iiitvwJ i Partod 3 'UUWIO

S Art R3 Leod.~Dtaioivod " j Period 3 JUMWJ8S Art R3 Lead. Uiufved Pwtod 3 ;UUWlflS Art R3 Load. Dtuorved * Pwtod 3 lUUWlOS A* R3 Laad. Dluotnd i Period 3 lUMWlSSArt R3 Lead. OUsoked 1 Parted 3JUUWI7ASAA R3 Load, OUloM* \ pirfod 3 :UUWl7A" "" ~S Art H3 Lead. Obsofred 1 Pwtod 3 JUMW17AS Art R3 Lead. Dluotoed } Period 3 |UMW17A 'S Art R3 Lort. Oluohrwl ^Peiwd 3 EUUW17A ""S Art '.to Laad. DtitoivlKl ; Porlod 3 UMW17A

1210:

2102

2100

209!

20952095709'

209!

20922O92

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2oa:209670ft2091

20962096209420942094209420942089

208920*9

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2051

2051

205Q70S2051

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10,29/19996n5QOOC

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8/28/2000! Laad. OiuoNadMS/tgggrLead. Okaotvad

6/1 5/T999! Lead. Oluohed6/1 7/1999, Laad. DluoNvd

1 0/29/1 B99^Lead. Dhao«vad6/15/2DOo'Lead. DhaoNed

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App_E_gw_Tbl_1 o3.xls Page 1 2 of 1 5 1 0/22/2002

Groundwater Data forDissolved cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for all data sets, aiinmRlci

River Reaches 0 to 3.cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for CDPME data (LNRD-06B).

_'. ••C-ii"' v. ..'.;•";;•*-S.Art RS Lead. DbsaN*d

.Art R3 land. DissolvedS Art R3 Lead. DissolvedS Art R3 Land. DissolvedS Art R3 Lead. DissolvedS Art R3 Leed. DUsoNedS Art R3.Lead~. Dissolved !

Art R3 Lead. DissolvedS.Art R3 Lead. Dissolved

SArt R3 Lead. Observed

Period 3<Periods

Period 3Periods j

_??*5. JPeriod 3 !Period3 !

~PeftadS

'"> ' X UFCStBOonHwmIUW17BJUW17BJUWI7BJUW17B

IUWI7BIUW17BIUW1BJUW18

Periods 'UUWIBArt R3 Lead. Dissolved i Period 3 JUUW1B

S. Art' R3 Land. Dissolved 1 Period 3 lUUwTifS Art R3 Lead. Dissolved j Parted 3 [UMV 8S Art H3~z££ DJuolvad i Period 3 [AWT -1SArtTrnZnc. Dissolved i Period 3 'AWT -1S.Art Rl Zinc. Dissolved ! Period 3 JAWT 1S Art R3.Ztnc. DissolvedS.Art R3 Zinc. QrstotvedS.AA R3.ZUVZ. DlESoNedS Art R3 ZJne. DissolvedS Art RSZInc. Dissolved

Art R3 Zhe. Dissolved

S.Art R3 Zinc. OusotvedS Art RS.Zrc. DissolvedS ArtTRlZlnc. CMssoNed

S.Art R3.ZMC. DtasaNed

S.AA R3 Zinc. DissolvedSArt R3 Zinc. DissolvedS.AA R3 ZJnc. Dissolved

SArt R3 ZJnc. Dissolved

S.Art R3 Zinc. DissolvedSArt RS Zinc, DissolvedS Art R3 Ztnc. DissolvedS.Art RJ Ztnc, ObSONed

Period 3 {AWT -1Period 3 i AWT 1PeriodsPeriod 3"Periad3

"PertodT

Period 3Periods

AWT 1AWT 2AWT 2AWT -2

AWT -2*.W1 -2

Periods AWT -3

PeriadTtAWT .3

Period 3 JAW! -3Period 3 f AWT -4Period 3 iAWTI-4

Period S JAWT1-4

rperiodTlPeriods

AWT2-AWT2-

Period 3 IAWT2-Period 3 IAWT2-

S.Art RS Zinc, Dissolved j Pariod 1 i AWT 2 -2SArt R3 Zinc. Dlssotvwd | PeriodsS~ Art R3~ Zinc. Dbsotved "~ Period 3SArt RJ.ZJnc, Dissotvad PeriadS

, Art RJ.ZInc, Dissormd I Pariod 3S Art R3.Zinc. OUsotVDdSArt R3 Zinc. ObaoNedS.Art RS-Zlnc. DissolvedS Art R3 Zinc. Dissolved

'Period 3

AWT2-2AWT2-2AWT2-2AWT2-2AWT2-3

Period 3 iAWTZ-3Periods

"PUSHAWT2-3AWT2-3

SArt RS.ZIne. Observed _j_ Period 3 AWT7-3S.Art H3 ZJnc. Dissolved ; Period 3SArt R3 Zinc. Dissolved ! Parted 3I.Aife RS Zinc. Dissolved

S.Art R3 Znc. DissolvedS Art R3 Ztnc. DlssolvadS Art RS Zinc. Dissolved

S Art RS Zinc. Dissolved

SArt R3 Zinc. Dissolved

T PeriodsPeriodsPeriods

AWT2-3AWT2-4AWT2-4

AWT2-4AWT2-*

Periods AWT2-4

Period 3 IAWT2-S

Period 3 rAWTZ-SSArt H3 Zinc. Dissolved ] Period 3 iAWT2-S

SArt R3 Zinc. Dissolved i Period 3 JAWT3-1SArt HJ.Ztnc, Dissolved i Period 3 ;AWT3-1S Art R3 Ztnc. Obarorved ) p*rtod 3 JAWT3-1S Art R3 ZJnc. ObsotvodSArt RS Zinc. Dissolved

j PeriodsTPertodi

SArt R3.ZJnc. Dissolved j Period 3

S.Art R3 Zinc, Dissolved

S. Art HJ Sic; DIssoNed

S.AA R3 Zinc, Dissolved

'Period 3Pariod 3Period 3

AWT 3-1jAWTS-lAWT3-2

AWT3-2AWT 3-2

AwrisAWT3-4

'period s IAWTMS.AA RS Zinc. Dissolved Period 3 | AWT3-4S Art R3 Zinc, Disserved • Period 3 i AWT 3-4S Art R3.Zhc. Olssorved j Period 3 IAWT3-5

S Art R3 Ztnc. OissolvAd < Period 3 IAWT3-S

S Art' RS Zinc. Dissolved [ Period 3 JAWTM ' ' 'S Art R3 Zinc. Dissolved I P«nod 3 AWT 3-6S Art H3 Zinc; Dissolved j Period 3 iAWT3-6

f2109

2100

2109

210V

2 002 24

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2~ 19

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2117

2117

2117

2118

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2111

2111

211:

211:

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2110

2110

2110

2107

2107

2107

107107107

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Lead. DfeaoNedLead, DissolvedLaad, Dlsaorvad

Lead. ObservedLead, ObservedLaad. DissolvedLead. ObservedZlnc.DKso.vedZhic. DissolvedZJnc DissolvedZinc, DbsoNed

GW 1 7/0/1 996-: Zinc, ObservedGWGWGW i 5/7/1096GW 1 U4/199G

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GW~L 7(8/1096; ZJnc. ObservedGWGW

GW

GW

9/4/1 894 Zinc. DbsoNed10n l09S!zinc: DOsoived

BM/19KJZM. CUssolved

OM/199GGW ! 10/24/1995

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GW ; Gf4/l996:Zlnc. ObsoNed

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GW j 5/6/1 998; Zinc. DissolvedGW • 6/5/1 996; Zinc. ObservedGW ! 7/9/1 996' ZJnc DissolvedGW 1 B/S/l996!ZJnc. DissolvedGW 10/25/1095GW 5/B/199GGW [ 6/5/1996GW ! 7/9/199)

Zinc, DbsotvodZinc Observed

•ZJnc. DbsoNedZinc, Disserved

GW j fl/S/1996[Zki; DbsotvedGW j 10/74/1995GW 1 5/8/199CW ! 6/5/1B9CGW~! 7/9/1 9MGWGW

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Graundwater DataDissolved cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for all data sets, a

is River Reaches 0 to 3.cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for CDPHE data (LNRD-068).

•••':•'--:- -:••-,-• •,•'", ; . . > • ' , - 'I. v . - ' . '••-^.;-..• -.:/ ,- '. T;':- :•;:- •:.-.;••- . • . • • - • ; ; . ' • . • • • : : .v:.;

; . • ' • . ; • : , - \ \> : :v : - : : lW. =-.l.v-^,::<>J-;::-v::- . C*»' :;-. '; .., Pwtod | ' . JMFCBMonNm •• • / . .

Art R3 Zinc. Druotvad Pwtod 3 JAWT4-1S Art R3 Zinc. Dtssolvad 1 Panod 3 JAWT4-1SArt* R3.Ztoc. Dluelvad Parted 3 ;AWT4.1SArt RJ Zinc Diuolvad Pwtod 3 JAWT4-1SArt R3 Zinc. DiMolwd Pwtod 3SArt R3 Zinc. UtaaNad Period 3

Art R3 Zinc. DiMcivad Pwtod 3SArt R3 Ztee. D.EMIVMI Parted 3SArt R3 Zinc OluolvwJ Parted 3

Art R3 Zinc, DluohmJ t P»rted 3S Art H3 Ztoc. Ottsolvad Parted 3SArt R3 Zinc. Olsuhwl Parted 3

Art R3 Zinc. blnatvad Pwtod 3

IWT4-2kWT4-2

AWT4-2kWT4-2kWT4-2

AWT4-3r\WT4J

IWT4-3AWT4-3

S Art R3 Zinc. Orualvad [ P«nad 3 1AWT4-3S Afk R3 Zinc. DJuofwd ! Pwtod 3 ;AWT4-4

Art R3 Zinc. Diuohwd Portod 3 ; AWT4-4S Art Rj Zinc. UsulvwJ i "Pttrnd 3SArt R3 Znc. Dascrnd i Pwnd 3 a

SArkrttZjnc DteaNad 1 Pwnd 3~ArtR3Zinc.DliMh.wl i Pwtod 3

SArk R3.Zmc. Oluorvod ! Pwtod 3

S Art R3 Zinc. Dluorrad i Pwtod 3SArt R3 Zinc. Disurvad Pwtod 3

AWT4-4>.WT4ÂWT4-4AWT44AWT4-5

AWT4.5KWT4-5UMWIO

SArt R3 ZtriC CTnoKafl Pvtod 1 lUMWIOS Art RJ Zinc. DiublvBd Pwted 3SArt Ftizinc. Diwotvad Period 3

UUW10UUW10

Art ft! Zinc Diwotwd Pwtad3!UMW10SAA R3.Zlnc. OluorvwJ Parted 3 jUUWIO

i Art fifi Zinc. Oteiialvad Pwted 3 UUW10

i Art R3 Zinc OtuafrwJ Pwted 3 JUUW10S Art R] Zinc. OluatvwJ ' Pwtod 3 ;UUW10SArt R3 Zinc. btawiwd 1 Pwted 3 -UUW10S Art R3 Zinc. Oluafvad ! Pwted3|UUWtlS Art Ri.Ziric. DttiblVad" " ~ ! Pwtod 3 JUUW1 1S Art R3 Zinc, OiTOfvwJ i Pwtod 3 JUMWI 1S Art R3 Zinc. OtuSiid ! Pwtod 3 lUUW1 1S Art H3 Zinc. DiMorvad T Pwtod3jUUWII!S Art R3 Zlric biuatod i Pwtod 3 -t UW1 1S Art (U ZJne, DiwdvBd j PwtodllUUWllS Art R3 Zinc, binalvad Pwtod 3 UUW11S Art R3 Zinc, Dluorvad Pwtad 3 JUUWll<Art R3 Zlric. Dluolvad 1 Pwtod 3lArt R3 Zinc. Dtssalvad > Partod 3

UUW11UUW12

S Art R3 Zinc. Ouiwlwwi i Pwted 3 IUUW12iArt R3 Zinc Diuolvad ^Period 3 UUW12

S Art R3 Zhe. Dtwiwl i Pwnd 3 JUMWI2S.Art R3 Zinc, DinoNod | Pwtod 3 IUUWI2S Art Rj Zinc, Oiaorvad ' Pwtod 3 [UUW12S Art R3 Zinc, D.uc*wJ ! Parted 3 JUUW12

SArt RJ Zinc. Ol«oJvad i Pwtod 3 -UUWI2S.Art RJ.Zinc. Diuoivwl 1 Pwtod 3 ;UUWl2SArt R3 Ztoc. Oluotmd i Parted 3 ;UUWl2S Art R3 Ztoc, Dluorvad '• Pwted 3 jUMWlBS.Art RJ Zinc. Dluolvwl } Pwtod 3 JUMW16S Art la Zinc. Dfcsahrad ! Parted 3

S Art Rj Zinc, Dltutvod Panod 3S Art R3 Zinc. Dluotvod Parted 3

SArktU.Ztoc.Dluaruad Parted 3

uuwia

UUW16UUWI6

UUW17AS Art R3 Ztoc, Diuotvad Parted 3 JUHW17ASArt R3 Ztoc. Diuotvod i Poitod 3 JUHWI7AS Art R3 Zinc. Oruorwod i Pwtod 3

S Art R3.Ztoc. CUsorvad ! Pwtod 3S Art R3 Ztoc. Otisorvad • Parted 3SArt R3 ZtoVoliiaivad \ Pwted 3SArtR3.Ztoc.Dluo.Vad I Period 3S Art R3.Zlnc. DIuolvwJ 1 Pwtod 3

UUW17A

UUW17AUUW17AUUW17B ~~ "UUW17BUUW17B

S Art R3 Zinc. DluolvwJ ' Pwttd 3 UUWI7QS Art RS.Zlnc, Otowtvad ! Parted 3 !UUW1 ?B

SArfc R3 Ztoc. Dluorvad ! Pwted 3 UMWI7BS.ArhR3Zlnc,DI»a>vad | Pwted 3 UMW1BS Art R3 Zinc. OUsoNad I Pwtod 3 IUWW18

S Art R3 Ztoc. biiMtvad | Pwtod 3 UUWI8

SAAR37tec.ataM*~~ - ~ hpWiTluuwTa-™- " "

Sicil Gukn-Ai Art Rtv Cadmium. Obscrvad i Pwnd 3 JUUVY19

— ™ "

1200620M209620H209420942094209420*2061

2089208920892089

"208820*82068208B2088208520*

208520U20482041

204820482048204204

204820482044205205220522052205220522052

~»S2206220S220S

'*'?

ow" MlGW| 6/7J

rrS-

1**GW; 7/11/1996GWJ W7GW( 10T26/GW; SHI

1UW1995

1996

1;&Zinc. DkMclvttJZbic. DtuolMdZlnc.Olualvad

Zinc. DlnorvadGW i 6/7/1 •W&ZJnc, OUolvadGWGWGWGWGWCWGWGW"GWGW

7/1 1/B/7

1996

1996

ZJnc. DtuohadZnc. OiuolVBd

10V26/1 995i Ztoc. DtmulvadSftVI 996| Zinc. DkutvadSM

7/1 0/9/7

10/265/91

6ftlGW 7/101GWGWGW

9/710/251

1996

1996

l«Ub

1995

1998

ZncOiuahadZtnc, DUwlvadZtoc. GluolvedZJnc. DbntvarJZJnc.DtuolvwJ

1 996; ZJnc. DUolvad1996

1996

1995

Ztoc. DItaotvwJZtnc. Drnatvad'Ztac. Dbiocvod

5/9/1 996= Ztnc. DtMohwd

GWJ 7/1 0/1996J Zinc, DitsohwdGWGW

9/6/19966AV1998

GW 1 Til*GW a*GWGWGWGW

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11/B

3/26)

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6/1 5/1 999i Ztoc. DlMotvad

ui6 Jl9lIzS:!5sSr;S —6/1 5/2000; Ztoc. DEuohad6«afi!DOO,ZhC. DrslOrVWl

6/9/1 938- Zinc, Oluoniad7/14/1 BQBiZJnc, DixntVad9A/l998:Zlnc. Oiuonrad

1 l/9/1998iZlnc. Oh tvad

l__3aa

GW 4 6/1S/1BKGW B/17/199GGWGW

10/238/28

l9Bfraooc

friSSrZtoe. DasolvwJ;Zhc. OtaohcilZJnc,Oatatmd

'Ztoc. OtualMdGW i 6/9/1998!Zinc, Dtaotvad

20581. GW 7/14/1998' Ztoc. Drwolvad2058

"205820562058Wfe

20«2058205820B1

2081

2081

2DB32083

2101

2109

210-

2i09

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2T»21 oa2 OS

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3J25S/18

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10/29/1999; ZJnc. DIuolwdGW B/l5rZOOO;Zlnc. Otuetma

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GWI 6/rsnoooiZhc. o£*&* —GW"GWGWGW

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Groundwater Data forDissolved cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for all data sets, a

Is River Reaches 0 to 3.cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc data (mg/L) for CDPHE data (LNRD-068).

No groutdwalar data cumnfly «w*abl8 tor nacti 4,SundardV<*M and MO. am h unflj of mgA.For rxn-<talact». •*: OIM hafl tM datactan trril b chown In (ha StandardVMua UUCose dasowoon:DcDttTMCfc: Wator Suppty (DWS)O-Otwr (Sprteg, is«p. ale >S-Sudow Monitoring W.I (SUW)U=O«|)Birtypa w


Summary Statistics for Groundwater samples, by Period, in Reaches 0 to 3 and California Gulch near Arkansas Riverconfluence.

:•'••: •':• •:-:. '..'.'-.- . '•''• ; ^;'Case ;••?£'',?•]'•&'•£."'.:'•;*.D.Ark RO.Cadmium, DissolvedD.Ark RO.Copper, DissolvedD.Ark RO.Lead, DissolvedD.Ark RO.Zinc, DissolvedD.Ark R1. Cadmium, DissolvedD.Ark R1. Cadmium, TotalD.Ark R1. Cadmium, TotalD.Ark R1. Copper, DissolvedD.Ark R1 .Copper, TotalD.ArkR1.Lead, DissolvedD.ArkR1. Lead, TotalD.ArkR1. Lead, TotalD.Ark R1 .Zinc, DissolvedD.Ark R2.Cadmium, DissolvedD.Ark R2.Cadmium, DissolvedD.Ark R2.Copper, DissolvedD.Ark R2.Copper, DissolvedD.Ark R2.Lead, DissolvedD.Ark R2.Lead, Dissolved3 .Ark R2.Zinc, DissolvedD.Ark R2.Zinc, DissolvedD.Ark R3.Cadmium, DissolvedD.Ark R3. Copper, DissolvedD.Ark R3.Lead, DissolvedD.Ark R3.Zinc, DissolvedD.Ark R3.Zinc, DissolvedD.Cal Gulch-At Ark Riv. Cadmium, DissolvedXCal Gulch-At Ark Riv.Copper, DissolvedD.Cal Gulch-At Ark Riv.Lead, DissolvedXCal Gulch-At Ark Riv.Zinc, Dissolved

O.Ark R2.Cadmium, DissolvedO.Ark R2.Copper, DissolvedO.Ark R2.Lead, DissolvedO.Ark R2.Zinc, DissolvedS.Ark R1. Cadmium, DissolvedS.Ark R1. Copper, DissolvedS.Ark R1 .Lead, DissolvedS.Ark Rl.Zinc, DissolvedS.Ark R2.Cadmium, DissolvedS.Ark R2. Copper, DissolvedS.Ark R2.Lead, DissolvedS.Ark R2.Zinc, DissolvedS.Ark R3.Cadmium, DissolvedS.Ark RS.Copper, DissolvedS.Ark RS.Lead, DissolvedS.Ark RS.Zinc, DissolvedS.Cal Gulch-At Ark Riv.Cadmium, DissolvedS.Cal Gulch-At Ark Riv.Copper, DissolvedS.Cal Gulch-At Ark Riv.Lead, DissolvedS.Cal Gulch-At Ark Riv.Zinc, DissolvedJ.Ark RS.Zinc, Dissolved

•^Period:Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 3Period 2Period 3Period 2Period 2Period 3Period 2Period 2Period 3Period 2Period 3Period 2Period 3Period 2Period 3Period 2Period 2Period 2'eriod 1Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 2Period 3Period 3Period 3'eriod 3Period 3'eriod 3

Period 3Period 3Period 3Period 3Period 3PeriodsPeriod 3Period 3Period 3Period 3Period 1

:• •'(('.:

11113

2

4

3

3

3

2

2

3

11

1

11

1

1

11

1

1

11

22222222919189914444444515515315415899991

r.-StaCht111

l_ 131

2

3

2

3

2231111111111111

22222222888844442626262611111

.-y'iAvg-;';0.00250.0070.015

0.020.003330.000630.00041

0.0050.127330.006670.0165

0.000750.597670.00250.00050.00250.0020.0150.0050.383

0.00220.00250.0025

0.0150.13

0.0320.00250.0205

0.0150.9795

0.005750.0025

0.0150.0305

0.009930.002970.005624.364230.009210.001670.010643.126420.018430.033150.016042.352710.075430.006190.0133619.6889

0.38

;^:Mlr>';!0.0025

0.0070.015

0.020.0025

0.000060.000050.00250.009

0.00250.009

0.00050.063

0.00250.00050.00250.0020.0150.0050.383

0.00220.00250.0025

0.0150.13

0.0320.0025

" 0.0080.0150.069

0.00250.0025

0.0150.025

0.00010.00030.0005

0.000450.00010.00030.0005

0.000450.00010.00030.0005

0.000450.0005

0.000750.0008

1.990.38|'

'•;•'• Max.rf0.00250.0070.015

0.020.005

0.00120.0006

0.010.35

0.015I 0.024

0.0011.1

0.00250.00050.00250.0020.0150.0050.383

0.00220.00250.0025

0.0150.13

0.0320.0025

0.0330.015

1.890.009

0.00250.0150.0360.187

0.08370.0162

29.70.0359

0.0110.0963

9.820.2490.4420.476

16.2030.238

0.0413"}0.0238

55.90.38

iHStdeY;"

0.001440.000810.000250.004330.192960.007220.010610.000350.51926

00.01768

01.287640.0046

00

0.007780.023210.009050.005616.591110.010370.001830.019663.437720.036150.066010.052133.013850.10267,0.0131810.0085423.0209

>MGL<0.005

1.30.015

50.0050.0050.0051.31.3

0.0150.0150.015

50.0050.005

1.31.3

0.0150.015

55

0.0051.3

0.01555

0.0051.3

0.0155

0.0051.3

0.0155

0.0051.3

0.0155

0.0051.3

0.0155

0.0051.3

0.0155

0.0051.3

0.01555

'ExCnt000

^ 000

I 0_00010000000000000000000100000000

0

0

0000000000

Case:D = Deep (DWS)0 = Other (seep)

S = Shallow (SMW)

U = Depth unknownAvg, Min, Max, Stdev, MCL in mg/L

Summary Statistics for Groundwater samples, all Periods, in Reaches 0 to 3 and California Gulch near ArkansasRiver confluence.

:•'• ,':"-l • V '' "< .'i:;!... :;CaSe .-; '.- ,;; .':•••'•': ':-.V^:kf';' •'•- J^r

D.Ark RO. Cadmium, DissolvedD.Ark RO.Copper, Dissolved

D.Ark RO.Lead, DissolvedD.Ark RO.Zinc, DissolvedD.Ark R1. Cadmium, DissolvedD.Ark R1. Cadmium, TotalD.Ark R1. Copper, DissolvedD.Ark R1 .Copper, TotalD.Ark RLLead, DissolvedD.Ark R1. Lead, TotalD.Ark RLZinc, Dissolved

D.Ark R2.Cadmium, DissolvedD.Ark R2. Copper, DissolvedD.Ark R2.Lead, Dissolved

D.Ark R2.Zinc, DissolvedD.Ark RS.Cadmium, DissolvedD.Ark R3. Copper, DissolvedD.Ark RS.Lead, DissolvedD.Ark RS.Zinc, DissolvedD.Cal Gulch-At Ark Riv.Cadmium, DissolvedD.Cal Gulch-At Ark Riv.Copper, Dissolved

D.Cal Gulch-At Ark Riv.Lead, DissolvedD.Cal Gulch-At Ark Riv.Zinc, DissolvedO.Ark R2. Cadmium, DissolvedO.Ark R2.Copper, DissolvedO.Ark R2.Lead, Dissolved

O.Ark R2.Zinc, DissolvedS.Ark R1. Cadmium, DissolvedS.Ark R1. Copper, DissolvedS.Ark RLLead, DissolvedS.Ark RLZinc, DissolvedS.Ark R2.Cadmium, DissolvedS.Ark R2.Copper, DissolvedS.Ark R2.Lead, DissolvedS.Ark R2.Zinc, Dissolved

S.Ark RS.Cadmium, DissolvedS.Ark RS.Copper, DissolvedS.Ark R3.Lead, DissolvedS.Ark RS.Zinc, DissolvedS.Cal Gulch-At Ark Riv.Cadmium, DissolvedS.Cal Gulch-At Ark Riv.Copper, DissolvedS.Cal Gulch-At Ark Riv.Lead, DissolvedS.Cal Gulch-At Ark Riv.Zinc, DissolvedU.Ark RS.Zinc, Dissolved

£Tn'::111136333432222111222222222

919189914444444515515315415899991

JStaCnt111132323231111111222222222888844442626262611111

:£Avg;;;

0.00250.007

0.015

0.02

0.003330.00049

0.0050.127330.006670.008630.597670.0015

0.002250.01

0.19260.00250.00250.0150.081

0.00250.0205

0.0150.9795

0.005750.00250.015

0.03050.009930.002970.005624.364230.009210.001670.010643.126420.018430.033150.016042.352710.075430.006190.0133619.6889

0.38

fc'i'WInl"0.00250.007

0.015

0.02

0.00250.000050.00250.009

0.00250.00050.063

0.00050.002

0.0050.00220.00250.00250.0150.032

0.00250.0080.0150.069

0.00250.00250.015

0.0250.00010.00030.0005

0.000450.00010.00030.0005

0.000450.00010.00030.0005

0.000450.0005

0.000750.0008

1.99

0.38

:i;^Max ?'-0.00250.007

0.015

0.02

0.0050.0012

0.010.35

0.0150.024

1.10.00250.00250.015

0.3830.00250.00250.015

0.13

0.00250.0330.015

1.89

0.0090.00250.015

0.0360.187

0.08370.0162

29.70.0359

0.0110.0963

9.82

0.2490.4420.476

16.2030.238

0.04130.0238

55.90.38

,;:;stdev.::

0.001440.00042

0.004330.192960.007220.010960.519260.001410.000350.00707

0.26927

0.06930

0.017680

1.287640.0046

0

00.007780.023210.009050.005616.591110.010370.001830.019663.437720.036150.066010.052133.013850.10267

0.013180.0085423.0209

!MeL?:'4:ExCnt0.005

1.30.015

50.0050.005

1.31.3

0.0150.015

50.005

1.30.015

50.005

1.30.015

50.0051.3

0.0155

0.005

1.30.015

50.005

1.30.015

50.005

1.30.015

50.005

1.30.015

50.0051.3

0.01555

00000000010000000000000100000000000000000000

Case:

D = Deep (DWS)

O = Other (seep)

S = Shallow (SMW)

U = Depth unknown

Avg, Min, Max, Stdev, MCL in mg/L

StaCnt = Station count, based on 2 meter radius

APPENDIX F

Mass-Balance Calculations

Mass-Balance Calculations for Metals Contribution from Eroded Mine Waste

Statement of Problem

Mine-waste deposits are present within the Upper Arkansas River floodplain (500-year

floodplain) and some lie along the banks of the river's main channel. The deposits located along the

main-channel banks are potentially susceptible to erosion and transport by river flow, especially during

bank-full flow conditions. Mine waste eroded from the banks then contributes to either the total metals

load carried downstream as suspended and bed-load sediment or the dissolved metals load when metals

are released from mine waste to solution. The purpose of the mass-loading calculations described below

is to specifically evaluate the dissolved metals load that could be contributed to the Upper Arkansas River

by erosion of mine waste from the channel banks during bank-full flow conditions.

Explanation of Approach and Assumptions

In order to evaluate the contribution of mine-waste erosion to the dissolved metals content of

river water, river flow and mine-waste characteristics along the river reach between California Gulch and

the bottom of Reach 3, approximately 9.5 miles downstream of California Gulch, (Site Characterization

Report's Reaches 1, 2 and 3; InterFluve's [1999] subreaches 2 through 6) were described from existing

sources of data. Some of the mine-waste deposits present along these river reaches are susceptible to

erosion and entrainment due to channel migration (InterFluve 1999). These are also the river reaches

where the locations and extent of mine-waste deposits have been delineated and mapped to date.

Mine-Waste Erosion from Channel Banks

Mine-waste deposits within the 500-year floodplain were originally mapped by USEPA (URS,

1997), and we used those maps to identify the mine-waste deposits that lie along the main-channel banks.

Mine-waste deposits in contact with the main channel are on average less than 2-feet thick. We assume

an average mine-waste thickness at the main-channel banks of 1 foot and also assume that the entire

thickness at the banks has the potential for erosion by river flow during bank-full conditions. We also

conservatively assume that mine-waste deposits from any location along the main-channel bank have

equal potential to be eroded and entrained in river flow.

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCRAAppendices\App_F_MassBal.doc F-l

Metals Release from Mine Waste to Solution

The average metals content of each mine-waste deposit mapped along the Arkansas River,

estimated from all available sample data including data for surficial samples, was used to describe the

mass of metals associated with a unit mass of those mine wastes.

Metals are present in various forms within the mine-waste deposits. Previous studies of soil and

mine waste in the river's floodplain have shown that cadmium, lead and zinc are primarily associated

with iron and manganese oxide phases (Levy et al., 1992) and that metals are readily leached from mine

waste (Smith et al., 1998). Given these observations, we assumed that the observed metals leaching from

mine waste (by water) was controlled primarily by desorption from secondary mineral phases (e.g.

hydrous oxides), and possibly organic matter, rather than by dissolution of the primary mineral phases

(carbonates and sulfides). Secondary salts, such as soluble sulfate salts, commonly form on the upper

surfaces of mine-waste deposits and have been observed on some mine wastes and other floodplain

deposits along the upper Arkansas River (Levy et al., 1992; Smith et al., 1998). These salts are generally

soluble in water and may also release metals when mine wastes are entrained by river water.

Work performed by Smith et al. (1998) demonstrates that lead is readily leached from the upper

portions of the mine-waste deposits present along the Arkansas River. In a series of batch leaching

experiments on depth-specific, mine-waste core samples, lead partitioning to water was greatest in

samples from the surface layer and lowest in deeper layers. The resultant empirical partition coefficients

(Kd = concentration in solid/concentration in solution) for lead, from all of the mine-waste samples

evaluated including those from the surface layer, range from approximately 765 to 30,000 L/Kg. Because

the mass of metals associated with the surface salts and their occurrence within the floodplain are not

known, the release of metals from soluble surface salts was considered by adopting the conservative

assumptions described below.

Once mine wastes are eroded and entrained by river water, we assume that distribution of metals

to the dissolved phase is controlled by equilibrium partitioning rather than by precipitation and

dissolution reactions. The presence of readily water-soluble forms of metals at the mine-waste surface

was considered when partition coefficients were selected to describe metals release from mine waste; very

conservative (low Kd values; i.e., relatively greater partitioning from solid to water) estimates of metals

release were used in the mass-balance calculations. The Kd values selected are likely to be too low to

accurately describe metals release from mine waste at depth within the deposits and result in over-

estimation of dissolved concentrations. We also conservatively assume that once metals are released to

solution they remain in solution without sorption or other removal processes retarding their transport.

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_F_MassBal.doc F-2

Based on descriptions of bed sediments from the Arkansas River (Kimball et al., 1995) that contain

metals transported downstream from the mine-waste deposits this is appears to be an overly conservative

assumption as well.

Dissolved Metals Mass-Load Calculation

Calculation of the net metals mass load and resultant dissolved metals concentrations was

performed for defined subreach.es of the Arkansas River using a simple spreadsheet (table attached).

For the purposes of these calculations, we assumed that metals are distributed between solid mine

waste and the dissolved phase in accordance with equilibrium partitioning behavior once those mine

wastes are eroded and entrained by river water. Dissolved-phase metals are transported conservatively,

and the dissolved-metals load increases downstream in proportion to the mass of mine waste eroded by

the river. The result is an estimate of the net dissolved-metals load at a location downstream of mine-

waste deposits that may be contributed from the eroded mine waste.

Mine-waste erosion to river water was estimated from the total length of tailing in contact with

the main channel and an estimated bank erosion rate for mine waste in contact with the main channel.

The weighted average metals concentration of mine waste eroded along a specified subreach of the river

was estimated by summing the average metal concentration for each tailing deposit times the proportion

of total mine waste length represented by each deposit along the subreach. The mass of metals released to

the dissolved phase from the mass of mine waste eroded was computed using estimates of an equilibrium

partition coefficient for each metal at chemical conditions representative of Upper Arkansas River water

at bank-full flow conditions. The net mass of dissolved metals contributed to the river flow and resulting

net change in dissolved concentrations along the defined subreach was then computed and summed to

obtain an estimate of the dissolved metal concentration increase resulting from mine-waste erosion along

Reaches 1, 2 and 3.

Sources of Information/Data

1. Linear feet of mine waste in contact with main channel for each mine-waste deposit:

Maps from URS (1997) were used to delineate areas of mine-waste deposits within theriver floodplain. GIS methods were used to identify and define the length of each distinctmine-waste deposit in contact with the main channel. The channel-length estimatesobtained using GIS mapping methods are included on the attached table and were used incomputations.


Average metals concentrations for each mine-waste deposit:

The average metals concentrations for each mine-waste deposit are the same as thoseused in the mine waste ranking analysis. All metals concentration data, regardless ofdepth, for each deposit was used to calculate an average for that deposit. It is not knownwhether the data available are representative of the actual average conditions.

Mine-waste erosion rate:

The mine-waste erosion rate at bank-full conditions was estimated using a conservativeapproach. A moderately high bank-erosion rate of 5.0 ft/yr, for a small area of activechannel migration, was reported by InterFluve (1999). This value of 5.0 feet per yearwas applied for the full length of the channel, creating a much exaggerated averageerosion rate for the length of the 11-mile reach. This erosion rate was used along with anestimated average thickness for mine-waste deposits of 1 foot to compute the volume ofmine wastes eroded per year per foot of channel length along Reaches 1, 2 and 3(InterFluve's subreaches 2 through 6). This estimate was then used along with anestimated bulk density for mine wastes of 1.5 Kg/L to describe the mass of mine wasteeroded per unit time per linear foot of mine-waste length along the main-channel bank(6.8xlO~6 Kg/second). This value was used with the length-of-mine-waste estimates tocompute the mass of mine waste eroded (per unit time) in each of the reaches evaluatedon the attached table.

Discharge at various points along river at bank-full conditions:

Bank-full discharge was estimated by InterFluve (1999) at various points along the river.They report average bank-flow discharges for their subreaches 2, 3 and 4 of 300, 550 and1057 cfs, respectively.

3305501057515

n/a (792*)n/a = not available*Bank-full discharge for subreach 7 substituted for subreach 6.

Solid/water distribution coefficients

K<i values for the metals of interest under chemical conditions similar to those expectedfor Upper Arkansas River (high-flow conditions) were compiled from the followingsources:

Davis, A., R.L. Olsen, D.R. Walker, 1991. Distribution of metals between water and entrained sedimentin streams impacted by acid mine discharge, Clear Creek, Colorado, USA, AppliedGeochemistry, v. 6, p. 333-348.

Dempsey, B.A. and P.C. Singer, 1980. The effects of calcium on the adsorption of zinc by MnOx(s) andFe(OH)3(am), In Contaminants and Sediments, Vol. 2, ed., R.A. Baker, Ann Arbor, MI: AnnArbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI, p. 333-352.

J:\Ol0004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_F_MassBaI.doc F-4

Duddridge, J.I. and M. Wainright, 1981. Heavy metals in river sediments - Calculation of metaladsorption using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, Environmental Pollution, v.B2, p. 387-397.

Gadde, R.R. and H.A. Laitinen, 1974. Studies of heavy metal adsorption by hydrous iron and manganeseoxides, Analytical Chemistry, v. 46, p. 2022-2026.

Gardiner, J., 1974. The chemistry of cadmium in natural waters - II. The adsorption of cadmium on rivermuds and naturally occurring solids, Water Resources, v. 8, p. 157-164.

Levy, D.B., K.A. Barbarick, E.G. Siemer and L.E. Sommers, 1992. Distribution and partitioning of tracemetals in contaminated soils near Leadville, Colorado, J. Environ. Quality, v. 21, p. 185-195.

Oakley, S.M., P.O. Nelson, and K.J. Williamson, 1981. Model of trace-metal partitioning in marinesediments, Environmental Science and Technology, v. 15, p. 474-480.

O'Connor, J.T. and C.E. Renn, 1981. Soluble adsorbed zinc equilibrium in natural waters, J. AmericanWaterworks Association, v. 56, p. 1055-1061.

Ramamoorthy, S. and B.R. Rust, 1978. Heavy metal exchange processes in sediment water systems,Environmental Geology, v. 2, p. 165-172.

Smith, K.S., SJ. Sutley, P.H. Briggs, A.L., Meier, K.Walton-Day, 1998. Trends in water-leachable leadfrom a fluvial tailings deposit along the upper Arkansas River, Colorado. Proceedings Tailingsand Mine Waste Conference '98, Ft. Collins, CO, Balkema Press, p. 763-768.

U.S. EPA, 1999. Understanding Variation in Partition Coefficient, Kd, Values, Prepared by U.S. EPAOffice of Radiation and Indoor Air and Office of Environmental Restoration, August 1999, EPA402-R-99-004B.

The resultant compilation is presented on the attached table titled "Kd Calculations."

Two of these sources, Levy et al. (1992) and Smith et al. (1998), provide site-specific partitioning data for

mine wastes from the Upper Arkansas River floodplain and one, Davis et al. (1991), provides empirical

partitioning data for suspended stream sediment in Clear Creek, central Colorado. The remaining

references describe metals partitioning to sediments and soils from a range of settings. The attached table

presents the Kd values found. The Kd values used for the mass-balance calculations were selected to

represent the conservative (low) end of the range determined from site-specific studies. These are

generally more conservative than Kd values from other sources/settings.

Results and Discussion of Uncertainties

Results are shown on the attached tables as the increase in metals concentration (micrograms/L)

resulting from metals partitioning to water from eroded mine wastes occurring along the reach from

California Gulch downstream to the Highway 24 bridge. The estimated increase in concentrations, or the

concentrations attributable to metals release from eroded mine wastes at bank-full conditions, are

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\Appcndices\App_F_MassBal.doc F-5

extremely low (< 1 ug/L for cadmium, copper, lead and zinc) in comparison to the high-flow dissolved

metals concentrations observed in the river at the downstream end of Reach 2 (InterFluve's subreach 4) at

the Highway 24 bridge, as shown below.

Estimated Mass Loading from Tailings

AR-5*AR-5AR-5AR-5AR-5

AR-70**AR-70AR-70AR-70

•}•

200 (8/95)500 (5/96)500 (7/96)347 (5/98)300 (7/98)na (7/96)na (5/96)na (6/96)na (7/96)

* ",s ' - *

> t .<%

Cd16

0.41

0.4<5<5<5<5

^Cu511252

<50<50<50<50

Pb '1

1140.31

0.627<5<5<5

^ ^

~- 'S f fr' Ztf-'

2401030951607078

2678569

,J ^'Estimated Increase in" Concentration (fig/l^due to Mine-

Waste Erosion from River Banks;ycd ** | «nci

0.002

0.004

0.002

0.007

Pb

0.006

0.014

Zn

0.092

0.206

*AR-5 is a Resurrection sampling location at the top of Reach 3, approximately 0.25 milesdownstream of Highway 24 Bridge above confluence with Empire Gulch.** AR-70 is a USGS sampling location within Reach 3.

Based on these comparisons, it appears that the dissolved metals contributed to river water as a

result of mine-waste erosion from the channel banks is not a significant source of metals loading in

comparison to other sources.

These results are consistent with those of Walton-Day et al. (1999) who found that the dissolved

metals load was not significantly changed at Arkansas River stations upstream and downstream of mine-

waste deposits in Reach 3. The most significant increases in metals loads were observed during local

snowmelt conditions, rather than during later high-flow conditions, suggesting that surface runoff over

mine waste is more significant contributor to metals concentrations in river water than mine-waste

erosion. The Walton-Day et al. (1999) study concluded that mine-waste deposits do not contribute

measurable trace-element loads to the river.

References cited

InterFluve, Inc. and FLO Engineering, 1999. Fluvial Geomorphic Assessment of Upper Arkansas River,Final Report, prepared for URS Operating Services, Inc., Denver, Colorado, May 7, 1999.

Kimball, B.A., E.Callender, E.V. Axtmann, 1995. Effects of colloids on metal transport in a riverreceiving acid mine drainage, upper Arkansas River, Colorado, USA, Applied Geochemistry, v.10, p. 285-306.

J:\OI0004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_F_MassBal.doc F-6

Levy, D.B., K..A. Barbarick, E.G. Siemer and L.E. Sommers, 1992. Distribution and partitioning of tracemetals in contaminated soils near Leadville, Colorado, J. Environ. Quality, v. 21, p. 185-195.

Smith, K.S., S.J. Sutley, P.M. Briggs, A.L., Meier, K.Walton-Day, 1998. Trends in water-leachable leadfrom a fluvial tailings deposit along the upper Arkansas River, Colorado. Proceedings Tailingsand Mine Waste Conference '98, Ft. Collins, CO, Balkema Press, p. 763-768.

URS Operating Services, Inc., 1997. Sampling Activities Report, Upper Arkansas Fluvial Tailings,Leadville, Colorado: Report to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Contract No. 68-W5-0031.

Walton-Day, K., F.J. Rossi, L.J. Gemer, J.B. Evans, T.J. Yager, J.F. Ranville, and K.S. Smith, 1999.Effects of fluvial tailings deposits on soils and surface- and ground-water quality, andimplications for remediation - Upper Arkansas River, Colorado, 1992-1996, U.S.GeologicalSurvey Water Resources Investigation Report 99-4273.


Kd C^ ^Bio

Metal

Cadmium

Copper

Lead

Zinc

Reference

Gardiner, 1974Ramamoorthy and Rust, 1978Ramamoorthy and Rust, 1978Ramamoorthy and Rust, 1978Duddridge and Wainright, 1981Duddridge and Wainright, 1981USGS, 1999USGS, 1999Levy et a!., 1992

Ramamoorthy and Rust, 1978Ramamoorthy and Rust, 1978Oakley etal., 1981Oakley etal., 1981Davis etal., 1991McKenzie, 1980Levy etal., 1992

Ramamoorthy and Rust, 1978Duddridge and Wainwright, 198USGS, 1999USGS, 1999McKenzie, 1980McKenzie, 1980Gadde and Laltinen, 1974Smith etal., 1998

O'Connor and Wainwright, 1981Duddridge and Wainwright, 198Duddridge and Wainwright, 198Davis etal., 1991Dempsey and Singer, 1980Levy etal., 1992

KLlog(Umol)

5.25.45.45.44.4

4

5.25.1

3.1

5.44.9

2.94

4.1

3.84.24.7

5.9

Uumol

0.1584890.2511890.2511890.2511890.025119

0.01

0.1584890.125893

0.001259

0.2511890.079433

0.0007940.01

0.012589

0.006310.0158490.050119

0.794328

Amumol/g

23117103026

17334

133

13.920

8526002400

1804759

170

Diss. Metal Cone.umol/L |ug/L

0.090.090.090.090.090.09

0.310.31

0.31

101010101010

2020

20

I0.100.10

0.100.100.10

30.5830.5830.58

30.58

2020

202020

200020002000

2000

Mol. Wt.g/mol

112

63.5

207.2

65.4

Solid Metal Cone.umol/g

0.030.700.380.220.07

0.02

8.64

1.35

0.05

0.340.15

0.012.512.92

34.7322.7890.43

4129.54

mg/Kg

3.17

77.8742.7025.12

7.54

2.60

548.3785.61

3.35

69.8331.77

1.35520.00604.28

2271.451489.805914.01

270071.60

Langmuir KdUkg

317778742702512

754260

274194280

167

34921589

682600030214

1136745

2957

135036

KdUKg

5012600

115to1050

2057300200

130 to 5400

195010760

765 to 30,000

26

75 to 1200

Comments

pH = 7.3 to 8, river sedimentpH = 7.5, 36% organic matterpH = 7.5, 1% organic matterpH = 7.5, 2.5% organic matter.pH = 7.4, 3.7% organic matterpH = 7.1, 1% organic matterpH = 8to10pH = 8to 10Arkansas River tailings study/water soluble

36% organic matter1% organic matterIron oxide only, seawaterManganese oxide only, seawaterEmpirical for Clear CreekGoethite only, fresh waterArkansas River tailings/water soluble

36% organic matter1 % organic carbonpH = 6.4 to 8.7, 1 to 10 ug/L PbpH = 6.4 to 8.7, 1 to 10 ug/L PbGoethite only, fresh waterManganese oxide only, fresh wateramorphous iron oxide, pH = 6Arkansas River tailings/water teachable

pH = 7.3, river sedimentpH = 7.1 (river sediment), 1% organic carbonpH = 7.3 (river sediment), 4% organic carbonEmpirical for Clear Creekamorphous iron oxide only, pH = 7Arkansas River tailings/water soluble

Table F-t

Metals Loading Calculations Worksheet

Mapped Deposits

7081200

ICal Gulch at Artc River

Cal Gulch to AA

AAABACAOAEAGAHAlAJ

AA-AI

BB

CACCCDCECFCGCJCK

CL02CNCOCPCRCS

CA-CS

FAFBFCFDFEFFFHFGFlFJ

FL| FM

FNFOGAGBGCGEGHGlGJGKGL

CMGNHAHBHDHEHI

HKFA-HK

IA1C

KKKL

IA-KW

Cal Gulch to 07083710SUBREACH 4/REACH 2

LALBLCLDLGLHLI

LKLL

LMLNLOLPLQLRLSLTLULV

MAMBME

Total DistanceAlong River Bank

Feet0

152182733

2394

3330

3786

10081

9975

32299

Total Length ofTaihng Exposed

to BankFeet

000

36.390

235.5200

153.010

297.350

72227

28634

25440

25588128.45

000

85.87174.75

0000

329.34122869

0302.5351.9497749.69

114.320

280.62211.33469.586981565.6

164430000

51.113368335459.83

121.970

211.46000

31 333767

125.46106.35

3441 95

105.320

2000

30532

598457

0159.24

00

11895507.92

7.0100

290.18000000000

45.19493.15

0

Fraction ofTailings Exposed

at Bank

0.0000.0000.000

0.0500.0000.3260.0000.0000.2120.0000.4120.0001 000

1 000

0.2070.00002080105000000000.00000700.1420.0000.0000.0000.0000.2681 000

0.0000.0880.1020.0140.0140.0330.0000.0820.0610.1360.0200.16400480.0000.0000.0000.0000.0150.0100.0100.01700350.00000610.0000.0000.0000.0090.01100360.0311 000

0.3450.0000.6550.0001 000

000000390.00000000.029012400020.0000.0000.07100000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.01101210.000

Awnge Metals Content (mo/Kg)Cadmium | Copper I Lead

1

11522025011541410595

20895

85

11585

51723212011533810017585

244100111208

13388

95305

9595

23035027095

95

959595

203260

95789595

24095

21095

148228

160535453

|_ 12069885729088

"1200

228

55110086728230055

17860

917185956293391431

676848

55165

5555

220190231140

285

2105555

153370

55120120130130300

55130185218

390039004883

52084025400"340020956500

5350

58004800908032518500270080151075310817761936253316222926

32454062

852725

2300680

9700270056401400

3133

2700350

1600

63009200

340013502500110072001600

3600100023504783

Zinc

17001650

177501900

2643316600200039002500

1135

31004400

410002621980440

6615200

1610516706227121043839990

641360206020460460955955

10001100320015009350900900

6767676767671000310840840840

9600980098002900800

1300510

130002200

750680

12504360

260275374

7419048

269

152

85123

260210434226200480345

425

140242

5600330046801856530035002500

7300

10002075

120001045048320279277007800

11400

5273

300C6518

Weighted Average Metals Concentration(mg/Kg) in Erooatte Tailing along Reach

Cadmium

60

8200

220

86

°1195

85

240

108240007

250000

5688

08001

10086

317

4450000111000

160001193

153

720

970

169

Copper | Lead I Zinc

—

80

14800

1820

360

374

228

110

181290004

1300000

116250

0750015043

304

3870000311000

230001159

211

190

1210

140

Ir196

01592

00

11440

862

°l3795

5350

12010

1891340

000

75442

0000

7841301

0357

001

910

18842

132355

927670000

403

16000

565000

2312

26249

4021

13110

15390

2850

860

578800

35170

16060

10996

1135

6420

8538274

000

142291

0000

26784982

0529615

77

320

8268

43730

1536430000

1538

15300

602000

126

47468

4617

2590

8190

1078

01073006

00

5.5377775.9738460462049

00

10.80758000000000

0.94119314.86283

0

08.193867

00

5.82923959738460 59259

00

30.21857000000000

1 550229.24232

0

0128.7608

00

1544748435.59294294133

00

519.0483000000000

11.072862507348

0

0407.7424

00

2244257970749919.58125

C0

374.92350000CC0CC

33.21 85E787.6092

C

Mass BankEroded/Second/

Bank-Unear-Foot

Kg/SeoTt

6 80E-06

680E-06

680E-06

680E-06

680E-06

Mass of TailingEroded/Secondalong Read!

Kg/Sec

491E-03

1 95E-03

836E-03

234E-02

208E-03

AverageBank-FullDischarge

cfs200200200

330

330

330

550

1057

DischargeUsec

93456

93456

93456

15576

Z 29934.24

ErodedTailing

Suspended inRiver Water

KO/L

5 26E-07

2 08E-07

8 94E-07

1 50E-06

694E-08

Metals Kd Values (at ambient pH)Cadmium

115

115

115

115

115

Copper

130

130

130

.

130

130

Lead I Zinc

765

765

765

765

765

75

75

75

75

75

Mass of Metal Released (mg) to Water per Kgof Tailing in River

Cadmium

1.68

0.73

0.76

1 32

1.46

Copper I Lead

2.85

174

1.91

161

1.07

4.95

6.98

170

525

3.72

Zinc,

T

14466

V931

1

«4*

)

1

i\

J

Iil»1

j

60(|

t

14. Img/sec

Dissolved Concentration (ug/L) increaseAlong Reach

Cadmium I Copper I Lead I Zinc

_JI

0001

0000

0.001

0002

0000icrease in lo

0001

0000

0.002

0.002

0.000ad for Reac

0.003

0.001

0.002

0.008

0.000*tes 1 and

I

0.076

0.003

0.059

0.091

0.0012 combinec

I ug/L increase at end of Reach 2

I

}

-

Mass Load (mg/sec) Increase Along ReachCadmium

8.26E-03

1 43E-03

631E-03

3.09E-02

3.03E-030.050

Copper

1.40E-02

3.39E-03

1.60E-02

3.76E-02

222E-030073

Lead

2.43E-02

1.36E-02

1.42E-02

1.23E-01

7.73E-030.183

Zinc

7.11E-01

2.91 E-02

5.48E-01

1.42E+00

2.94E-022.739

1.67E-03 2.45E-03 6.10E-03 9.15E-02

Table F-2Page 1 of 2

Metals Loading Calculations Worksheet

Mapped Deposits

MFMGMMMlMJMKMLMMMNMPMQMANBNCNDNGNH

NH1NlNJNLNNNONPNR

NT1NT2NTSNUOAOBOCODOEOFOGOHOl

LA-OHEND OF SUBREACH 5

OJOJ3OKPAPC

| PDP£PFPGPJ

PMPNPPPXQAQDOFQGQHQlQJOKQMQNQOOPQQQRQTQV

QWOXQYQZRARBRCRF

OJ-RFSUBREACH 6/REACH 3

GRAND TOTAL

Total DistanceAlong River Bank

Feet

125075

6813.75

6118625

Total Length ofTailing Exposed

to BankFeet

53.8900000

744161.45

0104.21144.0295.34

307.180

183.230006

75080

63.66176.198986

07427

000

180.19375.86

00

37.6199.63728290.62

04081 15

000

79.890

694200

50.930000000

3355600

317.978758

0000

81.6100

1295800

13366000

26294171.61115.37

1836.12

11901 84

Fraction ofTailings Exposed

at Bank

0.013000000000.0000.0000.0000.01800150.0000.0260.0350.0230.0750.0000.0450.00000000.0000.0000.0180.00000160.0430.0220.0000.0180.0000.0000.0000.04400920.0000.0000.00900490.0180.0220.0001.000

0.0000.0000.0000.0440.00000380.0000.0000.0280.00000000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00001830.0000.0000.1730.0480.0000.0000.0000.0000.0440.0000.00000710.0000.0000.0730.0000.0000.0000.1430.09300631.000

Average Metals Content (mg/Kg)Cadmium

228

8910116995

120

115

6085

128

94

5785

221859748

95

85

94

160

115115

80

75

65

6565

320

Copper140

170313225280

170

55

108330180

235

45565

2686570

160

330

103

170

114

370190

535

300

670

240300520

Lead1203

11601458950

2500

1270

760

430030001950

1950

3150813

3513340100

2150

4050

5500

2395

2431

31001600

1900

1300

6400

300017003100

Zinc11800

23502350

1677579837651900

640

410

220015001250

2900

2700868

6912660970

1675

1900

455

4800

698

24002700

3450

120C

230C

100C110C

12000

Weighted Average Metals Concentration(mg/Kg) in Enxtabto Tailing along Reach

Cadmium3.010651

00000000

22725683.5641963.948027.15046

05.387599

0000

2.1156290

12478843.6695912.818343

01.71064

000

2.516651782821

00

20360934.1577861.7307721.065817

010555

000

41334720

321367900

2.6073570000000

29.2407900

19.915125485317

0000

3.55575900

5.29295500

4.731662000

930827607512

20.10675113.67

Copper1.848646

00000000

4340861104548525623921.07504

07.632432

0000

1.0118230

1.68464314.246653.963295

04.276601

000

20089065.986278

00

2.4691083.1794841.2490113.552724

0248.27

000

14 358380

3.89422300

47154330000000

20.8340600

64.074739.062697

0000

23.7791400

21.1718200

4877252000

34.369280390232.67346

305.74

Lead15.88515

00000000

29.6199851.4514722.19301

188.170

57.018760000

13981550

6707374129.515

42.935690

35.48669000

139.078174.87453

00

32.3655816.631151.78430147.73973

0246978

000

176.21640

207.943900

66.432120000000

444.277300

536842476.31745

0000

84.4492700

91 74455CC

465.886800C

429.6124158.8878194.78412933 39

Zinc155.8144

00000

42.8466235.38402

04282131

204.60687.9544

143.00920

28.733860000

7.5426780

34.316864.7574827.52288

052.77508

000

119209879.93984

00

636808732.2839917.3077237.19258

04095 95

000

82669430

17.2026300

13314160000000

127.562900

4156199128.7857

0000

153.342100

84.687280C

16742810CC

143.204110280977540032310.46

Mass BankEroded/Second/

Bank-Linear-Foot

Kg/Sec/Ft

680E-06

6.80E-06

Mass of TailingEroded/Secondalong Reach

Kg/Sec

2.78E-02

1.25E-02

AverageBank-FullDischarge

cfs

,

l

/

515

|.

792

DischargeUsec

14584.8

22429.44

ErodedTailing

Suspended inRiver Water

KoA

190E-06

5.57E-07

Metals Kd Values (at ambient pH)Cadmium

115

"115

Copper

130

130

Lead

765

765

Zinc

75

75

Mass of Metal Released (mg) to Water per Kgof Tailing in River

Cadmium

0.91

0.98

Copper

1 90

"2733

Lead

3.22

T83

Zinc:

JI

;

-

!

(

53", f

111J

I

J

30.4

Dissolved Concentration (ug/L) increaseAlong Reach

Cadmium

0.002

0.00~1

Copper

0004

~" ^Tdoi

Lead

0.006

"6.002"

Zinc

0.103

0.017mg/sec increase in load for Reaches 1, 2 and 3 combine<

ug/L increase at end of Reach :

I

Mass LoadCadmium

253E-02

1.22E-02

mg/sec) Increase AlonCopper

526E-02

2.91 E-02874E-02J 1.55E-01

Lead

895E-02

4.78E-023.20E-01

j ReachZinc

1 50E*OC

~3.80E-6i4.61 E*0(

3.90E-03 691E-03 1 43E-02 206E-01

Table F-2Pane 2 of 2

APPENDIX G

Baseline Considerations

Baseline Considerations

Several non-mining related factors have historically impacted water, land, and associated

biological resources in the Upper Arkansas River Basin. Some of these factors may continue to exert

impacts on the environment today. The principal non-mining influences include flow regulation,

livestock grazing, highway and railroad impacts, and timber harvest.

Reach 0: Above California Gulch

Flow Regulation

Stream flow in this reach is augmented by water imported to both Tennessee Creek and the Upper

East Fork. Flow augmentation to Tennessee Creek occurs via the Ewing Ditch, Wurtz Ditch, and Wurtz

Ditch Extension, while the Upper East Fork receives flow augmentation from the Columbine Ditch (URS

1998). These ditches generally augment flows into the Upper Arkansas River by as much as 15-22 % of

the total streamflow. The most significant impact of flow regulation on natural river hydrology is as much

a result of patterns of release as the volume of water released. Rapid fluctuations in flows, for example,

will disrupt natural hydrological and geomorphological processes causing riverbank instability and

substantial sedimentation. While the Bureau of Reclamation attempts to minimize rapid fluctuations in

flows, URS (1998) reported a reduction in daily streamflow of more than 25% 270 times between 1970

and 1994. Currently, the Bureau of Reclamation is attempting to develop "ramping" rates for increasing

and decreasing flows. However, over the past three decades, flow augmentation in this reach has likely

had (not continuously but on various occasions) a significant impact on hydrological and

geomorphological processes in the Upper East Fork and Tennessee Creek.

A fundamental question is the extent to which flow regulation impacts abiotic and biotic

resources in riverine systems. Scheidegger and Bain (1995) studied larval fishes in the Tallapoosa River,

a highly flow-regulated river, and the Cahaba River, an unregulated river, in Alabama. Dominant

families were Catostomidae, Cyprinidae, Percidae, and Centrarchidae. Flow regulation appeared to: 1)

reduce the abundance of larval fish in nursery habitat; 2) alter taxonomic composition at the family level;

and 3) disrupt microhabitat relations seen in families occupying unregulated rivers.

Converse et al. (1998) studied subadult humpback chub (Gila cypha) densities along 24

kilometers of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. One of their objectives was to determine how

discharge, during base flow conditions, was related to subadult humpback chub habitat conditions. They

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_G_Baseline.doc G-1

concluded the following: 1) habitat conditions varied significantly with discharge for certain shoreline

types; 2) mean shoreline depth and velocity increased with increasing discharge, whereas mean cover

decreased; 3) subadult chubs appear to quickly disperse and preferentially use specific shoreline types

along the river corridor, while avoiding others; 4) densities were highest in vegetated shorelines, followed

by talus and debris fan shorelines; and 5) consequently, higher base-flows, which occur a greater

proportion of the time in the current flow regime, may reduce subadult chub habitat quality in natural

habitats compared with base-flows during pre-dam conditions.

In addition to impacting fish populations and communities, flow regulation may also significantly

impact invertebrate abundance, on which salmonids typically depend for most of their diet. Blinn et al.

(1995) examined the effects of fluctuating discharge for lotic communities in the Colorado River below

Glen Canyon Dam. Some important conclusions included: 1) Periods of daily desiccation and freezing

during river fluctuation significantly limited community biomass and energy. The permanently

submerged channel supported a mean annual macroinvertebrate standing crop biomass 4 times that of the

varial zone. 2) Cladophora glomerata exhibited a 50% reduction in biomass after 2 days of repeated 12-

hour summer exposure. Five days of repeated exposure resulted in >70% reduction in C. glomerata and

>50% reduction in epiphyton biomass. The same trend continues for both algae and epiphyton biomass

with increased exposure and extreme water fluctuations. 3) Recolonization by C. glomerata, Gammarus

lacustris, and chironomid larvae was extremely slow (< 30% of controls after 4 months) compared with

gastropod densities (equaled control cobbles within 1 week) on resubmerged cobbles that were subjected

to long-term desiccation. Hence, two 12-hour exposure periods may require greater than 4 months for

recovery to achieve the mass of permanently submerged benthos. 4) Discharge maintained at 793 mVs is

estimated to provide nearly twice the energy in the form of macroinvertebrate biomass at Lees Ferry (15.5

ha) than flows of 142 mVs. Consequently, trout biomass was predicted to increase by 42.5 kg/ha at Lees

Ferry. 5) They emphasized that Gislason (1985) demonstrated that condition factors for salmon and

rainbow trout were higher during periods of stable discharge than during periods of fluctuating discharge

in the Skagit River, Washington. He attributed these differences to loss of shoreline insects and habitat

during the fluctuations.

Malmquist and Englund (1996) examined the effects of hydropower-induced flow regulation on

mayfly richness and abundance in north Swedish river rapids. Important conclusions included: 1) rivers

impacted by regulation for hydropower had significantly reduced species richness and abundance of

mayflies; 2) type of regime (unregulated, reduced flow, regulated but unreduced flow) significantly

influenced mayfly abundance, but not species richness; 3) heptageniids, baetids, ephemerellids and

Caenis rivulorum became less abundant in response to flow reduction, and there were clear species level

effects in response to flow regulation; 4) sites with high flow constancy, peaking flow, and reduced flow


had lowered abundance of most species in comparison with reference sites; and 5) of 20 species occurring

at both unregulated and regulated sites, 19 were significantly more common at the reference sites,

whereas only one was more common at sites of regulated (but unreduced) flow.

Zhang et al. (1998) examined ecological processes affecting community structure of blackfly

(Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae in 51 rapids of regulated and unregulated rivers in northern Sweden. Some

important findings include: 1) Sites with high species richness and abundance were characterized by large

numbers of small suspended particles (food resources), deep water color, high total phosphorus and

nitrogen concentrations, high proportions of forest in the catchment, low frequencies of large flow

increments, extended forest growth period, low cover of filamentous algae on the substratum, and low

altitude. 2) Simuliid species richness and the total abundance at reduced-flow, regulated, sites were 25%

and 50% higher, respectively than predicted. At regulated sites, the abundance of blackfly predators

(spinet given) decreased by 35%, and those of assumed competitors, grazers and net-spinning caddis

larvae, by 22% and 19%, respectively. 3) Particle concentrations were not significantly different between

unregulated and regulated sites and they were positively related to blackfly species richness and

abundance. 4) Results indicate that water flow changes greatly influence blackfly larvae. Predation

pressure and competition is reduced, and recolonization after disturbance is rapid. Simuliid communities

are a feature of disturbed sites and may be a useful indicator for evaluating the impact of flow regulation

on river ecosystems.

Cereghino and Lavandier (1998) studied the influence of hydropeaking on distribution and

population dynamics of mayflies in a mountain stream in the Pyrenees, France. They found that the

lowest density and biomass was downstream of the power plant, suggesting a significant impact of

hydropeaking on species abundance. For example, Rhithrogena semicolorata was abundant at all sites,

but its density was reduced by 50% downstream from the plant. Below the plant, the flushing action of

peaking flows substantially increased catastrophic drift effects on species abundance, with the greatest

impact in autumn when the difference between natural and peak flows was greatest.

Finally, Nelson and Roline (1995) conducted a literature review and limited Arkansas River field

studies in order to examine the impacts of various discharges on macroinvertebrate communities. General

indications were that benthic organisms in the Arkansas River would likely not be negatively impacted by

velocity increases up to 1 m/s. Higher flows and velocities, however, may negatively affect large bodied

stoneflies and the case building caddisfly, which is a major source of food for trout in the Arkansas River.

Data collected in the Arkansas River also indicated that increased flows causes a decrease in the

abundance of caddisflies Hydroptila and Brachycentrus, large bodied stoneflies, midges (Chironomidae),

and scrapers, such as the caddisfly Oligophlebodes. In contrast, Baetis mayflies and Hydropsyche

J:\0l0004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_G_Baseline.doc G-3

caddisflies appear fairly tolerant of higher flows. Some mayflies (Acentrella), the caddisfly Rhyacophila

coloradensis, and net-winged midges (Blephariceridae) appear to tolerate very high flows. Nelson and

Roline (1995) point out that strong negative impacts on invertebrate communities were associated with

flows at least 5 times greater than baseflows, and those that rapidly changed from high to low flows.

Concerns with regulated low flow impacts are likely not applicable to the Arkansas River.

Clearly, flow augmentation can substantially impact aquatic habitat conditions for both fish and

invertebrates, and can exert negative direct and indirect effects on their populations and communities. In

terms of Tennessee Creek and the Upper East Fork, it is likely that aquatic biota were detrimentally

impacted by flow augmentation on a sporadic rather than continuous basis. While substantial short-term

changes in biotic population and community structure and abundance likely occurred, it is not clear

whether or not they were impacted detrimentally over the long term.

Livestock Grazing

It is unclear whether or not livestock grazing has significantly impacted the Upper East Fork and

Tennessee Creek, although grazing does occur in Tennessee Park. The current vegetation community

structure, dense willow thickets mixed with open grassy areas, suggests that historically it did not

experience heavy livestock grazing.

Highway 24 and 91

Highway 24, traveling north from Leadville, crosses Upper East Fork, East Tennessee Creek,

Tennessee Creek, runs parallel to Tennessee Creek for approximately 2 miles before crossing West

Tennessee Creek, and continues north over the Continental Divide. This road heading north of Leadville

was in place by 1910 (CDOT 2000) and was paved by the mid-1950s. Available literature, although

scarce, suggests a strong association between unpaved roads and increased contributions of sediments to

watersheds (Myers and Swanson 1996). Because this segment of the highway crosses the mainstem and

three major tributaries to the Arkansas River north of Leadville, prior to paving the highway a significant

amount of sediment was likely to have washed into this upper portion of the Arkansas River. However, it

is unlikely that these contributions of sediment were substantial enough to cause any long-term effects on

water quality and stream biota. Secondly, because this reach of the river is more than four miles upstream

of the confluence of the Upper East Fork and Tennessee Creek, its impact on water quality and biota

would be effectively non-existent by the time it reached the mainstem below the confluence. Finally, any

sediment contributed to the river prior to paving the road would have been flushed from the system the

each spring.

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_G_BaseIine.doc G-4

Highway 91 continues northeast out of Leadville, following the Upper East Fork floodplain. The

highway crosses the river about 2 miles upstream of the entry of Evans Gulch, continues north

approximately 0.25 miles west of the river, crosses Chalk Creek, and crosses the Upper East Fork just

0.66 miles southeast of Fremont Pass before continuing north and over the Continental Divide. Highway

91 existed as a dirt road (AKA "Leadville-Breckenridge road") at least since 1910 (CDOT 2000). In

1918, the State Highway Department had designated the Climax portion of the road as State Highway 91

(Voynick 1996 and CDOT 2000). As late as 1928 it remained an unimproved, rough, dirt track closed by

snow throughout the winter. By the early 1950s the highway was paved (Voynick 1996). Thus, the

Upper East Fork floodplain may have received a significant amount of sedimentation runoff from the

unimproved road until the early 1950s. It is important to bear in mind two things when considering

potential impacts: first, the dense willow and sagebrush vegetation in the Upper East Fork floodplain

between the highway and the stream provides a substantial buffer from sedimentation; and second,

because the road crosses the stream at only two points up the valley, and the roadway was paved by the

1950s, it seems unlikely that there would remain any long-term effects of sedimentation.

Railroad

The railroad north of Leadville heads up the Upper East Fork basin towards Climax, and stays

approximately 0.5 miles to the east of the river. The tracks finally cross the river in the extreme

northeastern corner of Lake County, 1 mile southeast of Fremont Pass in San Isabel National Forest, then

continues north over the Continental Divide into Summit County. The point of crossing is the only point

of potential impact of the railroad on the Upper East Fork. Considering the proximity of the railroad to

the river, it is unlikely that there is any significant impact on river water quality or associated aquatic

biota.

At the confluence of California Gulch, the western branch of the railroad tracks continues north

along the Arkansas River and Tennessee Creek. The tracks continue, on average, approximately 0.5

miles east of the river until reaching the confluence of Upper East Fork and Tennessee Creek. The tracks

cross Upper East Fork and continue for the next 1.25 miles in close proximity to Tennessee Creek.

Branching to the east, the tracks continue north, cross the East Fork of Tennessee Creek, and continue 3

miles north before crossing Tennessee Creek and continuing over the Continental Divide. All told, the

tracks travel in close proximity to Tennessee Creek for about 4 miles: 1.25 just above Upper East Fork,

and 2.75 just south of the entrance of West Tennessee Creek. To our knowledge, there is no literature

concerning the impacts of railroad tracks on river water quality or associated biota. The railroad was

completed July of 1880 (Voynick 1996), therefore the berm on which the tracks were built has had many


decades during which to settle. Sedimentation during the construction phase of the railroad likely had the

most significant impact on water quality and aquatic biota. Considering the decades since railway

construction and length of time for recovery of resources potentially impacted, it seems unlikely that there

are any remaining significant impacts due to the railroad bed.

Timber Harvest

It is difficult to determine the extent to which timber was harvested in the Upper East Fork

drainage or Tennessee Creek. Klima and Scherer (2000) point out that timber was a necessary

commodity of all mining practices, and by early in 1879 there were 30 sawmills employing about 1000

men in the Leadville area. Without more information concerning patterns of timber harvest (currently

being investigated by the Leadville Ranger District of the U.S. Forest Service), impacts to water quality

and aquatic biota are difficult to assess. It is important to note, however, that the trees making up the

forests in both river valleys are 75-125 years old. Thus impacts due to silvicultural practices, such as

sedimentation, have not been present for at least three quarters of a century, and perhaps longer.

Therefore, it is unlikely that timber harvest has contributed to negatively impact the natural resources in

either valley for decades.

Reach 1: California Gulch to Lake Fork

Flow Regulation

The effects of flow augmentation for this reach will be very similar to Reach 0 since there are no

additional sources of water augmentation below that for Tennessee Creek. Because this segment of the

river is further downstream, effects would be reduced compared with Reach 0. Therefore, it seems

unlikely that flow augmentation exerts any significant influence on this portion of the Arkansas River

beyond that mentioned for Reach 0.

Livestock Grazing

Klima and Scherer (2000) noted that Mexican settlers maintained cattle and sheep ranches on the

Arkansas River as early as the 1830s, and that Colorado experienced a livestock boom as ranching

became a formidable industry throughout the 19th century. As late as 1929 there were 8,800 cattle and

horses and 102,328 sheep grazing on National Forests in the Leadville area; these numbers dropped to

758 cattle and 11,000 sheep in 1944 in the Leadville District of the San Isabel National Forest (Klima and

Scherer 2000). Klima and Scherer (2000) further note that during the 1800s to the early 1900s


overgrazing by livestock had occurred over much of the grass-shrub area. Because this segment of the

Arkansas River is in such close proximity to the highly populated Leadville and California Gulch, it is

likely that it received heavy use by cattle and sheep.

Through an extensive literature review, Fitch and Adams (1998) report on the interrelationship of

livestock grazing and the health of riparian habitats and associated fish and wildlife. The authors first

note that grassland and riparian ecosystems and associated fish and wildlife have evolved with use by

grazing ungulates, most notably bison. The grazing strategy of bison was likely to disperse throughout

various landscape types, unlike domestic livestock that have an affinity for water and tend to linger for

long periods around riparian habitats. In pre-settlement, there was grazing followed by a period of rest,

and prairie riparian communities evolved under such a regime for millennia.

Fitch and Adams (1998) point out that unmanaged livestock grazing (i.e., releasing livestock into

an area without any planned riparian growing season rest or measures designed to protect vegetation

health along the stream or on its floodplain) appears to always result in overuse of riparian areas,

impairment of plant species vigor, and physical damage to the channel and banks. They noted that if

livestock were allowed to freely graze, they would spend a disproportionate amount of time in riparian

areas — 20 to 30 times longer than expected based on the limited extent of the riparian area. Kauffman

and Krueger (1984) reviewed 64 papers, Platts (1991) reviewed 21 papers, and Ohmart (1996) reviewed

similar references including 30 newer works. Fitch and Adams summarized the results of these three

authors and concluded that inappropriate livestock management results in overuse and subsequent

degradation of riparian and stream systems in the following ways:

• There are effects on stream channel morphology, the shape and quality of the water

column, and soil stability and structure in the riparian zone. Streams become laterally or

vertically unstable. The water column is altered by increasing water temperatures,

nutrients, and suspended sediments, and by altering timing and volume of flow. Soil

compaction on the floodplain from hoof action decreases infiltration rates and leads to

increased runoff and accelerated erosion and sedimentation rates.

• There are considerable effects on vegetation, resulting in decreased vigor and biomass,

and an alteration of species components, especially trees and shrubs.

• There are decreases in fish and wildlife species numbers following overgrazing of

riparian areas.

Belsky et al. (1999) summarized peer-reviewed empirical papers and reviews of the biological

and physical effects of livestock on Western rivers, streams, and associated riparian areas. Where there


was a paucity of data, non-peer-reviewed reports also were used, usually from government documents or

symposia. All conclusions were based on what seemed to be the consensus of experts in the field. The

following summaries for fish, invertebrates, and various aspects of riparian and instream habitat were

extracted from a more complete summary table in Belsky et al. (1999).

Fish

Higher water temperatures increase salmonid mortality by breaking down physiological

regulation of vital processes such as respiration and circulation, and negatively affect fish spawning,

rearing, and passage. Greater water turbidity, increased siltation and bacterial counts, lower summer

flows, low dissolved oxygen in the water column, and intragravel environment reduce fish survival.

Damage to spawning beds, less protective plant cover, fewer insects and other food items, stream bank

damage, decreased hiding cover, and reduced resistance to water-boumed diseases all contribute to fish

mortality. All lead to a loss of salmonids and other cold-water species, loss of avian and mammalian

predators, and replacement of cold-water, riparian species with warm-water species.

Invertebrates

Higher water temperatures from loss of shade, lower dissolved oxygen, and increased fine

sediments reduce plant detritus, while increasing algal biomass for food. These factors cause loss of

invertebrate species that require cleaner and colder waters and coarser substrates, increase in algae

feeders, fewer palatable species, less food for higher trophic levels, and reduced litter breakdown.

In terms of water quality, grazing generally caused an increase in nutrient concentrations,

bacterial protozoa, sediment load and turbidity, and water temperature. Regarding stream channel

morphology, there was an increase in channel depth, width, and fine sediments, and a decrease in channel

stability during floods, streambank stability, number and quality of pools, and quality and quantity of

streambank undercuts. Effects on hydrology include increased overland flow, peak flow, and floodwater

velocity, a decrease in summer and late-season flows, and a reduced water table. Instream vegetation is

generally impacted by an increase in algae and a decline in abundance of higher plants (submersed and

emergent). Streambank vegetation generally experiences a decline in herbaceous cover, biomass,

productivity, and native diversity. Declines are also noted for overhanging vegetation and tree and shrub

biomass and cover. Vegetation structure becomes simplified, plant age-structure becomes even-aged, and

plant succession impeded. In terms of riparian zone soils, there is an increase in bare ground, erosion

(wind, water and ice) and compaction, and a decrease in litter layer, infiltration, and fertility.

J:\0 l0004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_G_Baseline.doc G-8

Rothrock et al. (1998) examined land use patterns and biointegrity in the Blackfoot River

watershed of Montana. Benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected in August 1995 to examine the

linkage between land use, water quality, and aquatic biointegrity in seven tributaries of the Blackfoot

River watershed, Montana. The tributaries represented silvicultural (timber harvesting), agricultural

(irrigated hay and livestock grazing) and wilderness land uses. The wilderness stream had the highest

aquatic biointegrity. Two agricultural streams had the largest estimated soil erosion and sediment

delivery rates, the greatest habitat impairment from nonpoint source pollution, and the most impoverished

macroinvertebrate communities. It was clear that livestock grazing had the largest negative impact on

stream health; however, timber harvesting also had significant negative impacts on soil erosion and

sediment transport.

Given the clearly documented impacts of livestock grazing on riverine habitats, an important

question is to what extent these systems, once significantly impacted, recover ecologically. Myers and

Swanson (1996) studied long-term aquatic habitat restoration on Mahogany Creek, Nevada. Livestock

was excluded from the heavily grazed Mahogany Creek watershed from 1976 to 1990 while rotation of

rest grazing on its tributary, Summer Camp Creek, was allowed. Both streams improved since 1976 after

cessation of heavy, season-long grazing. Stability and tree cover increased while sedimentation decreased

regardless of grazing treatment. Myers and Swanson (1996) suggest this illustrates that long-term

recovery is consistent with rotation of rest grazing where rest occurred nine of 14 years. However, the

streambank stability decrease due to flooding after two years of grazing suggests that additional rest for

Summer Camp Creek at the beginning of the study may have been necessary. Sheep grazing after several

additional years of recovery did not apparently have detrimental effects on Summer Camp Creek.

Some variables did not improve due to other management practices, initial conditions, or climatic

perturbations. For instance, fine sediment decreased overall, but accumulations during low flow

coincided with roads that act as a source of and conduit for fine sediments. Significant improvements to

these streams may result from a reduction in roads and crossings.

Brejda (1997) examined changes in chemical and physical properties of soil following 18 years of

protection from grazing in an Arizona chaparral. Important conclusions were: 1) results indicated higher

levels of silt and clay, increased concentrations of organic C, total N, and soluble bases, and a reduction in

bulk density with 18 years of protection from grazing; 2) differences in the concentrations of organic C,

total N, and soluble bases indicate that some recovery in soil fertility has occurred with 18 years of

protection from grazing. However, there has been no recovery of perennial grasses and forbs in the

openings between the chaparral shrubs; 3) changes in soil physical and chemical properties following

disturbance may be species dependent; and 4) improvements in soil physical and chemical properties

within the exclosure did not result in large increases in plant biomass in the bioassay, indicating that they


provided only a small increase in nutrient availability to plants. Furthermore, a very heterogeneous

pattern in soil properties, characterized by large differences between soils under shrub canopies compared

to open areas between shrubs, was evident within the exclosure and in the grazed area, indicating the

presence of a degraded ecosystem. Thus, it was concluded that the improvements in soil properties

observed within the exclosure represent only an upward trend within a stable new threshold of lower

productivity, not a slow return to a climax of more homogeneous and greater soil fertility. The slow

recovery in soil properties and herbaceous vegetation observed at this site suggests that significant

improvement in site productivity will not occur on a practical time scale without substantial intervention

by land managers.

Similarly, Yates et al. (2000) examined grazing effects on plant cover, soil, and microclimate in

Australian woodlands, discussing important implications for restoration. Vegetation and soil surveys were

conducted in three woodlands with a history of regular grazing, and in three woodlands with a history of

little or no grazing. Grazing was associated with a decline in native perennial cover, an increase in exotic

annual cover, reduced litter cover, reduced soil cryptogam cover, loss of surface soil micro topography,

increased erosion, changes in the concentrations of soil nutrients, degradation of surface soil structure,

reduced soil water infiltration rates, and changes in near ground and soil microclimate. Rates of soil

water infiltration in heavily grazed woodlands were half that in rarely grazed/ungrazed woodlands.

Furthermore, soils in the grazed woodland were significantly warmer than in the ungrazed woodland with

temperatures exceeding 40° C in the summer. This was likely due to loss of foliage and litter cover

leading to an increase in the exposure of the soil surface to radiation and compaction, facilitating the rapid

conduction of heat through the soil, and resulting in higher daytime and lower night-time temperatures.

The loss of foliage and litter cover and increased daytime temperatures were likely to cause an increased

loss of water through evaporation from the soil surface.

In terms of restoration, Yates et al. (2000) conclude that livestock grazing changes conditions and

disrupts the ecosystem regulatory processes, causing a loss of scarce resources from within remnant

woodlands ~ resources which maintain the natural biological diversity unique to these woodlands.

Consequently, attempts to restore plant species diversity and community structure in degraded woodlands

are unlikely to succeed without the repair of the dysfunctional ecosystem processes. An essential

component of restoration will be strategies that capture resources, increase their retention, and improve

microclimate in remnant woodlands.

Clearly livestock grazing may have substantial, and sometimes irreversible, impacts on aquatic

ecosystems and associated biota. If recovery is possible, it may take decades for these systems to regain

ecosystem functions responsible for their long-term viability as suitable habitat for fish, wildlife and


plants. While livestock grazing has doubtlessly impacted this stretch of the Arkansas River valley

historically, livestock interests in this area have greatly diminished over the past several decades. Most

likely, since they have received no known aids to restoration, these once overgrazed areas have recovered

to a somewhat less productive state than they were originally.

Highway 24

There are approximately 4 miles (6400 meters) of railroad tracks and approximately 3.5 miles

(4947 meters) of Highway 24 running through the designated 500-year flood plain of the 11-mile reach.

The maximum distance between the river and Highway 24 is 3257 feet (987 meters), and between the

river and railroad track is 2303 feet (698 meters). Both the Highway and railroad tracks cross the river at

some point. The highway first meets the 500-year flood plain, and could potentially have a constraining

influence, acting as a hydraulic barrier to the river, approximately 1500 feet north of the Highway 24

Bridge. Consequently, it is not likely that Highway 24 has had any significant impact on aquatic

resources associated with the Arkansas River in this reach.

Railroad

The railroad track extends south about 3 miles, located approximately 0.5 mile east of the eastern

edge of the designated 500-year floodplain, before intersecting the Arkansas River. Consequently, the

railroad tracks likely have had no significant impact on this stretch of the river.

Timber Harvest

This reach of the Arkansas River valley was heavily used historically in terms of agricultural and

livestock production, and it is likely that substantial timber harvest took place as well. Klima and Scherer

(2000) reported that during the 1800s to the early 1900s much of the mixed conifer was harvested and

burned, surface soils were severely disturbed leaving them susceptible to erosion, and, in many areas, the

only tree species that regenerated were lodgepole pine or aspen. However, Klima and Scherer (2000)

point out that the BLM and USFS determined that following this heavy-impact mining era, fire

suppression, reforestation, and traditional timber management practices have lead to a successful recovery

of much of the forested area.

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_0_Baseline.doc G-11

Reach 2: Lake Fork to Highway 24 Bridge

Flow Regulation

In addition to flow augmentation mentioned above for Reach 0, substantial flow augmentation to

the Arkansas River occurs via Lake Fork Creek south of Turquoise Lake. Turquoise Lake is augmented

by water transported from the Colorado River Basin by the Homestake Tunnel, the Boustead Tunnel, and

the Busk-Ivanhoe Tunnel. Flow augmentation on Lake Fork and Lake Creek has dramatically increased

flood events, resulting in substantial flood events (1965, 1970, 1972, and 1978) that did not occur on

adjacent non-regulated streams (URS 1998). During 1993, 80% of the time flows released from

Turquoise Lake were increased 50-90% by flow augmentation.

Consequently, this reach of the Arkansas River has been substantially impacted by flow

regulation for the past several decades, and will continue to be impacted in the future. Potential impacts

associated with flow regulation to abiotic and biotic components of riverine ecosystems apply to this

section of the Arkansas River as well. Flow regulation can greatly impact aquatic habitat conditions for

fish and invertebrates, and can exert negative direct and indirect effects on their populations and

communities. In terms of this section of the Arkansas River, it is likely that water quality and aquatic

biota were detrimentally impacted by flow regulation on a less sporadic basis than in Reaches 0 and 1,

although not on a continuous basis. The impacts of flow regulation to population and community

characteristics of biota within this reach have likely had a more long-term effect than for the reaches

above; however, the discontinuous nature of extremely high flow augmentations over the years suggests

that fish and macroinvertebrate populations and communities experience infrequent displacement

downstream. When displacement does occur, healthy source populations upriver likely will recolonize

within 90 days, but may take as long as up to a year under extremely high flow augmentation conditions.

Nevertheless, it seems likely that except on rare occasion, biotic communities will be able to bounce back

after perturbations associated with flow regulation.

Livestock Grazing

It is difficult to separate this reach from that of Reach 1 in terms of impacts due to livestock

grazing. Based on historical accounts of livestock grazing in the Arkansas River valley in the Leadville

area in general (Klima and Scherer 2000), this reach was likely occupied by large cattle and/or sheep

ranches and experienced substantial overgrazing not significantly different from Reach 1. This area

currently experiences low to high density cattle grazing. Uncontrolled grazing coupled with flow

augmentation and the presence of mine-waste deposits has led to eroding streambanks in some reaches of

J:\010004\Task3- SCR\Appendices\App_G_Baseline.doc G-12

this section. However, in 1999, the Lake County Soil Conservation District and the Natural Resource

Conservation Service initiated a riparian fencing and rotational grazing program on portions of this reach.

Highway 24

The first point at which the highway meets the 500-year flood plain, and could potentially have

any sort of constraining influence, acting as a hydraulic barrier to the river, is approximately 1500 feet

north of the Highway 24 Bridge. The natural flow of the river would likely take it across the highway

approximately 500 feet north of the bridge.

Railroad

The railroad track first enters the designated 500-year floodplain approximately 3 miles

downstream of the confluence with California Gulch, where it cuts almost due south through the middle

of the floodplain. For about 2000 feet, while traveling within the designated floodplain, it appears that the

railroad track has acted as a hydrological barrier, constricting the path of the river to the western side

along the track. Although the track travels within the designated floodplain for .5 miles, it travels along

the eastern edge for about .33 miles before entering at the north, and travels along the western edge of the

marked floodplain boundary for approximately .66 miles after exiting the marked boundary just south of

the Highway 24 bridge. Because the marked boundary is an arbitrary designation with the floodplain

extending well beyond this conservatively marked perimeter along much of its length, this entire length

(.5 + .33 + .66 miles) was included in the distance the track travels within the designated 500-year flood

plain.

Timber Harvest

Similar to the impacts of livestock grazing for this reach, the impacts of timber harvest do not

substantially differ from those experienced by Reach 1. That is, historically, the upper portion of the 11-

mile reach of the Arkansas River valley, closest to Leadville and, therefore, mining and smelting

operations, was likely heavily logged throughout the 1800s and early 1900s, until recovery took place

through a series of management practices implemented by the BLM and the USFS. It is likely that this

reach has long since recovered from these early silvicultural practices that seriously impacted ecosystem

function.

J:\010004\Task3-SCR\Appendices\App_G_Baseline.doc G-13

Reach 3: Highway 24 Bridge to Constriction Downstream of County Road 55

Flow Regulation

As mentioned under Reach 2, substantial flow augmentation to the Arkansas River occurs south

of Turquoise Lake via Lake Fork Creek. There is no additional source of flow augmentation between

Highway 24 bridge and County Road 55. Therefore, this reach should not significantly differ from Reach

2 with respect to impacts of flow regulation. Impacts may be slightly less since sediments contributed to

the Arkansas River at the confluence with Lake Fork would have had more opportunity to settle out,

improving water quality as one goes further downstream from the major initial source of sedimentation.

However, extremely high flows will contribute sediments in this reach, and will displace

macroinvertebrates and fish as in Reach 2.

Consequently, this reach of the Arkansas River has been substantially impacted by flow

regulation for the past several decades, and will continue to be impacted in the future. It seems likely

that, except on rare occasion, biotic communities will be able to recover following perturbations

associated with flow regulation.

Livestock Grazing

It is difficult to differentiate this reach from that of Reaches 1 or 2 in terms of impacts due to

livestock grazing. Historical accounts of livestock grazing in the Arkansas River valley in the Leadville

area in general suggest that this reach was likely occupied by large cattle and sheep ranches and

experienced substantial overgrazing not significantly different from Reaches 1 and 2. In recent history,

this segment has received moderate to high density grazing. Much of this segment is currently under a

riparian fencing and rotational grazing program. Unrestricted livestock grazing, augmented flows, and

mine-waste-deposits have created highly erodible banks in some portions of this segment.

Highway 24

Approximately 1500 feet south of the Highway 24 bridge, the highway exits the 500-year flood

plain and extends southward for approximately 2 miles before re-entering the western edge of the

floodplain. It then runs parallel to the western edge of the floodplain for approximately 4500 feet, but

does not appear to have any constraining influence. The point at which Highway 24 re-enters the

floodplain on the western edge and could possibly act as a hydraulic barrier, thus constraining the river, is


approximately .5 miles south of County Road 55 at Kobe. At this point, natural topography forces the

highway and river close together for a few hundred feet, after which the flood plain re-opens.

Railroad

The track extends due southeast of the Highway 24 Bridge, and re-enters the 500-year flood plain

approximately .5 miles north of County Road 55 at Kobe. Until the narrow constriction of the floodplain

due to natural topography, the track runs along the western edge of the floodplain about .5 miles south of

County Rd. 55 and does not appear to constrict the path of the river.

Timber Harvest

It is likely that timber harvesting in this reach, in contrast with Reaches 1 and 2, was less intense

and damaging to the Arkansas River resources. Because local soil conditions begin to change in terms of

soil moisture, forests local to Reach 3 are comparatively sparse and sagebrush more dominant compared

with Reach 1 and 2 upstream. While it is possible that significant timber harvest did occur in the reach, it

seems highly unlikely that ecological impacts historically were as significant as further upstream. It is

unlikely, therefore, that impacts to this reach by timber harvest were significant sources of ecological

degradation.

Reach 4: Constriction Downstream of Cty. Rd. 55 to Two-Bit Creek

Flow Regulation

There is no additional source of flow augmentation between County Road 55 and Two-Bit Creek.

Therefore, impacts are likely less in this reach compared with Reach 3 since sediments contributed to the

Arkansas River at the confluence with Lake Fork would continue to settle out, and water quality would

continue to improve downstream from the initial source of sedimentation. It seems likely that, except onuunuuuc iu luipiuvc uuwiiaucmu uuiu uie miuai auui^c ui bcumicuicuiuii. n seems luiciy u

rare occasion during extremely high flow augmentation, biotic communities will be able to

following perturbations associated with flow regulation.

recover

Livestock Grazing

It is likely that this reach experienced historical livestock grazing impacts similar to Reach 1-3.

In recent history, this segment has received moderate to high density grazing. Much of this segment is

currently under the riparian fencing and rotational grazing program described above. Unrestricted


livestock grazing, augmented flows, and mine-waste deposits have created highly erodible banks in some

portions of this segment.

Highway 24

Although the flood plain widens again just south of the constriction at Kobe, both the highway

and railroad tracks run parallel the western edge of the flood plain. While the river meanders along the

eastern edge of the floodplain, apparently unconstrained, for the next 1.5-2 miles, historically, it is

possible that the highway and/or the railroad tracks constrained the river to the eastern portion of the

floodplain, acting as hydraulic barriers. It is not clear by examining the aerial photos whether or not the

river could flow to the western side of the highway or railroad tracks.

Railroad

South of the narrow constriction the track continues to run parallel to Highway 24 for about 1.5

miles, along the western edge of the floodplain to the end of the 11-mile reach. As mentioned above,

historically, it is possible that the highway and/or the railroad tracks constrained the river to the eastern

portion of the floodplain acting as hydraulic barriers—although aerial photos reveal no such evidence.


LITERATURE CITED

Belsky, A.J., A. Matzke, and S. Uselman. 1999. Survey of livestock influences on stream and riparianecosystems in the western United States. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 54: 419-431.

Blinn, D. W., J. P. Shannon, L. W. Stevens, and J. P. Carder. 1995. Consequences of fluctuatingdischarge for lotic communities. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 14(2):233-248.

Brejda, J.J. 1997. Soil changes following 18 years of protection from grazing in Arizona chaparral. TheSouthwestern Naturalist 42:478-487.

Cereghino, R. and P. Lavandier. 1998. Influence of hypolimnetic hydropeaking on the distribution andpopulation dynamics of Ephemeroptera in a mountain stream. Freshwater Biology 40:385-399.

Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT). 2000. Personal Communication. Denver, CO.

Converse, Y. K., C. P. Hawkins, and R. A. Valdez. 1998. Habitat relationships of subadult humpbackchub in the Colorado River through Grand Canyon: spatial variability and implications of flowregulation. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management 14:267-284.

Edwards, E. D. and A. D. Huryn. 1996. Effect of riparian land use and contributions of terrestrialinvertebrates to streams. Hydrobiologia 337:151-159.

Fitch, L and B.W.Adams. 1998. Can cows and fish co-exist? Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78: 191-198.

Gislason, J. C. 1985. Aquatic insect abundance in a regulated stream under fluctuating and stable dielflow patterns. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 5:39-46.

Kauffman, J.B. and Krueger, W.C. 1984. Livestock impacts on riparian ecosystems and streamsidemanagement implications: a review. Journal of Range Management 37: 430-438.

Klima, K., and B. Scherer. 2000. DRAFT: Baseline Ecosystem Setting Characterization of the LeadvilleArea. Natural Resource Management Department, Colorado Mountain College. Leadville, CO.

Malmquist, B. and G. Englund. 1996. Effects of hydropower-induced flow perturbations on mayfly(Ephemeroptera) richness and abundance in north Swedish river rapids. Hydrobiologia 341:145-158.

Myers, TJ, and S. Swanson. 1996. Long-term aquatic habitat restoration: Mahogany Creek, Nevada, as acase study. Water Resources Bulletin 32:241-252.

Nelson, S. M., and R. A. Roline. 1995. Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Communities and Probable Impacts ofVarious Discharges, Upper Arkansas River. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau ofReclamation. Technical Memorandum No. 8220-95-4.

Ohmart, R. D. 1996. Historical and present impacts of livestock grazing on fish and wildlife resources inwestern riparian habitats. In P.R.Krausman (ed.) Rangeland Wildlife. The Society for RangeManagement, Denver, CO.

Penczak, T. 1995. Effects of removal and regeneration of bankside vegetation on fish populationdynamics in the Warta River, Poland. Hydrobiologia 303:207-210.


Platts, W.S. 1991. Livestock grazing. In W.R.Meehan (ed.) Influences of forest and rangelandmanagement on salmonid fishes and their habitats. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.Special Publication 19.

Rabeni, C. G., and M. A. Smale. 1995. Effects of siltation on stream fishes and the potential mitigatingrole of buffering riparian zone. Hydrobiologia 303:211-219.

Rothrock, J.A., P.K. Barten, and G.L. Ingman. 1998. Land use and aquatic biointegrity in the BlackfootRiver watershed, Montana. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 34:565-581.

Scheidegger, K. J., and M. B. Bain. 1995. Larval distribution and microhabitat use in free-flowing andregulated rivers. Copeia 1: 125-135.

URS Operating Services, Inc. 1998. Fluvial Geomorphologic Assessment of Upper Arkansas River. By:Inter-Fluve, Inc., Bozeman, MT, and FLO Engineering, Inc., Breckenridge, CO.

Voynick, S.M. 1996. Climax: the History of Colorado's Climax Molybdenum Mine. Mountain PressPublishing Company, Missoula, MT.

Yates, C. J., D. A. Norton, and R. J. Hobbs. 2000. Grazing effects on plant cover, soil and microclimate infragmented woodlands in southwestern Australia: implications for restoration. Austral Ecology25:36-47.

Zhang, Y., B. Malmquist, and G. Englund. 1998. Ecological processes affecting community structure ofblackfly larvae in regulated and unregulated rivers: a regional study. Journal of Applied Ecology35:673-686.


APPENDIX H

Upper Arkansas River Mine-Waste Deposit Ranking

Upper Arkansas River Basin Mine Waste Deposit Ranking

All Deposits - Sorted by Total Class Score.

Notes:Mass of chemical in deposit based on assumed bulk density of 100 pounds per cubic fool for deposit matenal.Mass of chemical in deposit calculated from average metal concentration and average deposit volume.The EPA START reports listed maximum deposit concentrations, the mass calculations in this table are based on average concentrationsThe EPA START deposit areas and volumes have been refined using CIS derived deposit areas

APPENDIX H

CLASS NAME

Vegetation CoverErosion PotentialDeposit VolumeZinc Concentration

CLASS 1

Good (> 50% Cover)IsolatedSmall (< 10.000 cu h)Low (< 1 .000 ppm Zn)

CLASS 2

Fair (10-50% Cover)Flood plainMedium (10.000-50.000 cu It)Medium (1.000-5.000 ppm Zn)

CLASS 3

Poor(< 10% Cover)In contact with Arkansas RiverLarge (> 50.000 cu ft)High (> 5,000 ppm Zn)

Total Class Score Is computed from the sum of Vegetation Class Score + Erosion Potential Class Score + Deposit Volume Class Score + Zinc Concentration Class Score

TOTAL CLASS SCORE

10,11,127,8.94,5.6

PRIORITY

HIGHMODERATELOW

Biosolids Treatment Status:Treatment 1998 indicates that EPA applied a treatment to the deposit in 1998

DescriptionBiosolids * lime (100dl/a each)

Treatment 1999 Indicates that EPA applied a treatment to Hie deposit in 1999CodeBSP-LICOMP-LICOW-BS-LICOMP-LI

DescriptionBiosolids pellets * limeCompost + limeCow manure compost+biosolids compost + limeCompost + lime

Treatment 2000: Indicates that EPA applied a treatment to the deposit in 2000

OverallRank

123456101112131428293031323357585960104135149

Rank inReach

123456789101112131415161718192021222324

DepositGroup

CDCLACAECOCSABADCACECJAAAGAlBBCCCNAHCKCPCRCGAJCF

CodePROP

Numberof

Depositsin Group Re

12111111111

DescriptionProposed

Areaach (sq ft)

71.571106.02631.137103.280102.01138.41416.68534.97738.20424.14620.947

1 1 4.2591 22,2571 1 25,45515111

11,71416.79217.41514.06613.351

1 5.69839.09112.9599.5805.329

DepthMm(ft)000.00.00.000000.21.40.0000.5080.10.20.00.80.5051 80.10.00.50.30.5

DepthMax(ft)1.8271.32.52.5264 01 423231.7351 82.22.21.5251.32 30.22.30.5120.5

DepthAvg

(ft)1.01.5071.4081.61.91.40.70.81.02.10.51.10.81.01.70.92.20.10.90.50.70.5

DepDepth EstimNum (if da

Points unavai91311183322719115312843724225121

thate Depositta Volume Mmable) (cu ft)

000000

2,78149.550

00

10.4733.5492,7824,242

012.5948,7077.033

24.4774750

6.4802.3952.665

DepositVolume Max

(cuft)125.249282.735

-• 38,922258.200255.02899.23766.73949.55085.96056,34234.91214.90638.95055.15225.38025.18843,53718.75431.152

95087.9556,48011,1772,665

DepositVolume Avg

(cuft)71.571154.28120.286146.31383.46460.3863217849.55028 12319.75620.9478.99111.12929.1679.51716.79229.02412.89328.927

71236,8766.4806.7862.665

DepositVolume

Avg(cuyd)2.6515.714751

5.4193.0912.2371.1921.8351.042732776333412

1.080352622

1.075478

1,07126

1,36624025199

CdConcAvg

(mg/kg)5171752504142442082201151152323381151052088585859510010011111595120

CdMassAvg

(pounds)3.6982.700507

6.0572.0401.258708570323458707103117605811432471222897

410756432

CdConeNum

Points343583211321221111224111

Cu ConeAvg

(moAg)8679174536989564315351205528217816085788228

1.1001852906029339155

1.200300

Cu MassAvg

(pounds)6.20314.142

91810.2187.9772.6031.722595155557372144953255217

1,84753737417421

1,44336

81480

CuConeNum

Points3646155211822322131237111

PbConcAvg

(mg/kg)9,0803.1084,8838.4021,9362.9263,900520

5.8003.2518,0153.9005.4002,0955,3504,8001.7763,4001.0752.5331.6222.7006,5008.500

PbMassAvg

(pounds)64.98647.9569,905

122.92816.15517.66812,5492.57716.3116.42316.7883.5066.0096.1105.0928.0605.1564.3843.110180

5.9801.7494.4112.265

PbConeNum

Points3646165211722322131236111

ZnConcAvg

(mg/kg)41.00016.10517.75026,4336,2279.9901.6501,9003,1002,6216.6151,70016.6003,9001,1354,4001,6702.000200

1.2104.383440

2.500980

Zinc ConeEstimated

fromDepositListed

(if no dataavailable)

Zn MassAvg

(pounds)293.440248,47036,008386.75551.97360,3265,3099,4158.7185.17913,8561.528

18,47311,3751.0807.3894.8472,57957986

16,162285

1.697261

ZnConeNum

Points pHrr3646205211822322131247111

vegClass

in pHmax Score333232333323323332222321

ErosionClassScore

333323333333133222332212

VolumeClassScorti

332 '3 t

3 '3 "222221221222212111

ConeClassScore

333333222232322222122121

TotalClassScore

12121111111110101010109999998888765

PriorityHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGH

MODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATE

LOWLOW

Reach 1 Subtotals

TOTALNumber

ofDepositGroups

24

TOTALNumber

ofIndiv.

Deposits29

TOTALArea(sqft)

785.364

MINI ofDepthMin(ft)0.0

MAXof

DepthMax(1)40

AVGof

DepthAvg

(ft)1 i

TOTAL TOTAL ofof Depth MIN of

Depth Estimate (if DepositMAX ofDeposit

Num data Volume Min Volume MaxPoints unavailable) (cu ft)

213 0 0.0(cuft)

282.735

TOTAL ofDeposit

Volume Avg(cuft)

886.814

TOTALof

DepositVolume

Avg(cuyd)32.845

AVG ofCd Cone

Avg(mg/kg)

177

TOTAL ofCd Mass

Avg(pounds)

21.322

TOTALofCdConeNumPoints

55

AVG ofCuConc

Avg(mg/kg)

446

TOTAL ofCu Mass

Avg(pounds)

52 354

TOTALofCuConeNum

Points

82

AVG ofPbConc

Avg(mg/kg)

4.228

TOTAL ofPbMass

Avg(pounds)491.730

TOTALofPbConeNum

Points81

AVG ofZn Cone

Avg(mg/kg)

7.271

TOTAL ofZinc ConeEstimated

fromDepositListed


0

TOTAL ofZn Mass

Avg(pounds)1.185.790

TOTALofZnCone

AVGof Veg

Num MIN of MAX of ClassPoints pHmin pHmax Score

88 NA NA 254

AVG ofErosionClassScore2.54

AVG ofVolumeClassScore

1.96

AVGOf

ConeClassScore221

AVGof

TotalClassScore925

Treatment Treatment Trea1998 1999 20

BSP-LIBS-LI

COW-BS-LICOW-BS-LI

BS-LIBSP-LI

COW-BS-LIBSP-LIBSP-LIBSP-LI

BS-LI

BSP-LIBSP-LIBSP-LI

BSP-LI

tment Deposit00 Group

CDCLACAECOCSABADCACECJAAAGAlBBCCCNAHCKCPCRCGAJCF

TOTAL of TOTAL of TOTAL ofTreatment Treatment Treatment

1998 1999 20003 12 0

J:\010004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_H_mwd_rank.xls Table: Deposit 1 of 4 10/24/2002

OverallRank

15161734353637386162636465666768697071105106107108109110111112113114115136137138139140

Rank inReach

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435

DepositGroup

FAFBHIFCFMGNHKKKFGFJGAGBGCGLGMHDIA1CKLFFFHFlFLFNFOGEGHHAHBHEFDFEGlGJGK

Numberof

Depositsin Group

111111111111111111111111

11111111111

Reach

22222222222222222222222222222222222

Area

(sqft)50.873

107.62821.33812,69327.7261.98813.4399,0522,41714.1522.032391

1.5743.532

2.6092.7036.634

13.37837.25018.698

5331.114884

5,928

5.2793.5233.01412.8731,0996.9811.759957

9.414588

1.884

DepthMm(ft)0000070.000030.50.00.10.00.01.3

0.00.001080.4000.0020.00.70.0

1.00.00.50.00.10.10.30.50.10.1

DepthMax(ft)08081.308200.31 00.40.11.50.71.5

1.5070 71.02.03.00.70.21.00.720

1.31.01.0030.50.70.30.80.10.8

DepthAvg(t)0.30.31.0030503090201060.4141

0.70.304091.11.502020.40.7091

1.20.7070.20304030.60.10.5

DeDepth EstiNum (if d

Points unava182831118152

1

7

6205343566131604533423413

pthnate Depositata Volume Minlable) (cu It)

00

14.22600

4976,720

030200

521

00

2254.9765,574

00

890

5900

3,5230

6.4360

582147239

4.70774157

DepositVolume Max

(cuft)38,154

80.72126,673

10.57855.453

49713.4393.772302

21.227

1.355587

5.2991,7391.8026.634

26.756111.74912.465

891.114590

11,856

4.6983,01412.873

3663.4901,172239

7.84574

1,570

DepositVolume Avg

(cuft)13,507

33,32921.931

3,75012,965

49711.647

1,886302

7.918790554

1,5742.590652

1.1825.71314.49356.9094,285

89402590

5.5165.2794,1112,1109.297244

1.818659239

5.49174

994

DepositVolume

Avg(cuyd)

5001.23481213948018

4317011

293292158962444212537

2.1081593152220419615278344967249

2033

37

CO ConeAvg

(mg/kg)

13388240

270

9514895

23095

20326095

21095228305

9535095

9595957895

9595

CdMassAvg

(pounds)180294526

350

111283

1828

521711120138

1,299131

42152

392088217

252

CdConeNum

Points

331

4

12113

2111132

111

11121

11

CuConcAvg

(mg/Vg)676848130

231

30018555220285

15337012055130218165

55190140

2105555120130

5555

Cu MassAvg

(pounds)

9132.826285

300

349352

17423

40241431188

1.23871

21177

8612513

24

130

CuConeNum

Points

851

4

12112

2111162

111

11121

11

PbConcAvg

(mg/kg)

3.2454,0627,200

5,640

1.6002,3502.3009.7003.133

6.3009.2002.5003.8001.0004.7832.725

6802.7001.400

2.700350

3.4001.3501.100

851.600

PbMassAvg

(pounds)

4.38313.53815,790

7.312

1.86444369

7.681248

1.632600296

2.1711.449

27.2221,168

27159772

1.11074

3.16133200

2879

PbConeNum

Points

851

5

12113

2111162

211

11121

11

ZnConcAvg

(mg/kg)

6.4136,02013.0006,0209,3509.8002.2001.2501.0003.2006,7676.7676,767

9.6009.8001.300750680

4,360955955

1.1001,500900900

1,000310

2,900800510460460840840840

Zinc ConeEstimated

fromDepositListed


FB

GM

GAGA

FF

FN

FE

GlGl

Zn MassAvg

(pounds)

8.66120,064

28.5102,258

12.122487

2,56223630

2,534535375

1.0652.487

639154428986

24.812409

84488

49647541165

2.6%20933011

461684

7nConeNum

Points pHrr

85104012113002111152021101112102100

VegClass

tin pHmax Score

22221223221112123212211221222211111

ErosionClassScore

33333333333332333323333333323333333

VolumeClassScore

222121211111111112311111111111111 '11

ConeClassScore

33333322223333321121122112121111111

TotalClassScore

101010999998888a8888887777777777766666

PriorityHIGH

HIGHHIGH

MODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATE

MODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATE

MODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATE

MODERATEMODERATE

MODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATE

LOWLOWLOWLOWLOW

Reach 2 Subtotals

TOTALNumber

ofDepositGroups

35

TOTALNumber

ofIndiv

Deposits

35

TOTALArea(sqft)

405.936

MIN ofDepthMin

(ft)00

MAXof

DepthMax

(ft)30

AVGof

DepthAvg

TOTAL TOTAL ofof Depth MIN of

Depth Estimate (if DepositMAX ofDeposit

Num data Volume Min Volume Max(ft) Points unavailable) (cuft)

06 177 2 0.0

(cuft)

111.749

TOTAL ofDeposit

Volume Avg(cuft)

233.389

TOTALof

DepositVolume

Avg(cuyd)

8.644

AVG ofCd Cone

Avg(mg/kg)

153

TOTAL ofCdMass

Avg(pounds)

3.746

TOTALofCdConeNum

Points41

AVG ofCu Cone

Avg(mg/kg)

200

TOTAL ofCuMass

Avg(pounds)

6.811

TOTALofCuConeNum

Points

SO

AVG ofPbConc

Avg(mg/kg)

3.266

TOTAL ofPbMass

Avg(pounds)

177.186

TOTALofPbConeNum

Points

53

AVG ofZnConc

Avg(mg/kg)

3.438


fromDepositListed


9

TOTAL ofZnMass

Avg(pounds)

114.345

TOTALofZnCone

AVGof Veg


52 NA NA 1.66

AVG ofErosionClassScore

2.91


1.23

AVGof

ConeClassScore

191

AVGof

TotalClassScore

7.71

Treatment Treatment Treatment Deposit1998 1999 2000 Group

FAFBHIFCFMGNHKKKFGFJGAGBGCGLGMHDIA1CKLFFFHFlFLFNFOGEGHHAHBHEFDFEGlGJGK


1998 1999 2000

0 0 0


OverallRank

789181920212223242526273940414243444546474849505152535455567273747576777879BO81828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134

Rank inReach

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849SO5152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182

DepositGroup

LBMBMQLILNLVNlOAOEPGQDQNRBLKLMLOLQLSMMNBNGNONPNTOBOHPfQFOGQVQWLALCLDLPMAMEMFMlMLMPNANCNDNHNNNR

NUOCODOGOlOKPAPJPPQH01QJOPOTRARCLGLHLTMNNJNLOFOJPCPDPEPNPXQAOK00OXQYQZ

Numberof

Depositsin Group

1111111

1111111111111111

3111111111

12111111111211131121111111111111111113111111

11111

Reach3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333

Area(sqft)12.79631.72840.30711.21445.98511.04169,73446,41631.89061,83251,79445.67227.18217.76516.37720.3495.906

43.27211.53335.49644,0466.75710.46914.78034.1553,7081.908

99.36718.1654.9331.6986.21744.38821.64915,7941.049

38.3981,13010.1703,2234,8004,03912.62821,32435,81128.83528.071

16,16919.8658.60111.4983.3014.15420,97216,06316,50614.237

20.0751,28917.2837.009

45.2633,662352

16.2872.9705,1834.08814,14515.1033,80217.8316.0115,7205,39024.27610.0657,34431.9623,7863,5101.687

DepthMin

(It)0.00.01.00.0000.3000.802050.00.00.00.00.50.00.00.0

00001.20.00.0031.10.00.00.01.81.40.40.00.00.01.20.11.30.00.70.01.30.81.10.00.01.0030.00.21.51.00.00.10.50.30.30.00.90.00.90.30.30.70.00.20.30.00.00.1000.00.00.10.20.00.3030.02.00.30.3

DepthMax(ft)2.31.93.51.72.02.7301.8322 522241.31.12.0342232

143.02.91.3073 31.10.81.92.02.53.00.82.30.8121.31.81.73.00.72.53.02.23.81.81.03.01.70.81.52.01.00.83.02.02.0181.21.01.61 31.20.80.70.51.10.30.62.51.91.52.32.82.52.72.11.52.00.82.30.80.3

DepthAvg(ft)091.1211.00.91.51.01.21.20.80.91.2060.41.31.21.01.31

0.71 421050.41 41.10.40.71.02.1230.6050.40.51.30.61.41.40.71.7221.42.10.80.31.61.00.40.81.71.00.41.51.11.01.00.61.00.51.00.70.50.70.2070.30.41.50.60.6101.61.21.31.00.81.10.42.10.50.3

DeDepth EslifNum (if c

Points unava310155147

187

11710135657614

061281061622191233216682103735477121598963231610126122656216514785101259156912332

pthnate Depositata Volume Minlable) (cu ft)

00

40,30700

2.7600

34.8125.31530,916

0000

8.189000

00

7,88300

11.3854,017

000

9.0442,4062,590

000

1,2243.2001.506

02,149

05.3859.47123,101

00

28.071

5.3900

1.43417,2473,301

01,7488,0324.1274.746

01,181

06,42515,088

9162350

4951.296

00

1,259000

4778980

2,5161,836

07,5721,170422

DepositVolume Max

(cult)29.85760.813141.07518.69191.97129.443209.202

85.096100.986154.580112.221110.37533.97719.24532.75469.52512.797137.029

50.286132.13719.70813.9599.853

113.8514,0171.590

190.45336.33012.3335.0954,662

103.57218.04118.4261,399

67.1961,883

30.5112.14912.00112.11727.36081.74365.65428.83584.21226,94816,55412.90222,9963.3013,462

62.91632,12733,01326.10123.4211.289

27.3658,76252.8073.052235

8,1443,2181,2962,38535.36228,9475,703

40.12116,53114.30014.37350,57615.09814.68726.6358.8342.633562

DepositVolume Avg

(cuft)11.01933.84485,76511.40141.88016.29970.05755,25737.68951.52746.18355.04115.8567.649

20.74423.4986.15257.181

11,53325.14362.39814,1475.0606.158

47,1414,017795

71,91018.16510.4153.9163,626

24,2758.4198.3901.312

22.3991.63214.5292,1498,0008,91917,28845,18727,3569.29146.26515,4956,9897,04819.1643,3011.500

32.11317.93715.70414,83012.6861.2359.1227,243

33,3191,984

2353.6191,9311.2961.618

21.7229,7542,28117.9809.4346,8647.087

24,8167,5497.75213,0968,0981,658492

DepositVolume

Avg(cuyd)

4081.2533.176422

1.551604

2.5952.0471.3961.9081.7102.039

587283768870228

2.118427931

2.311524187228

1.74614929

2.66367338614513489931231149

8306053880296330640

1.6741.013344

1,71457425926171012256

1,18966458254947046338268

1,234739

134724860805361846663492542629192802874853006118

Cd ConeAvg

(mg/kg)2751231012695753011285722194147201658415212899185

CdMassAvg

(pounds)303415866307

2,406490899312831484677

1.1081036431530061

1.055

CdConeNum

Points243244325234123224

CuConcAvg

(mg/kg)21024231334545553358

45526817093330240643425487377345

Cu MassAvg

(pounds)

231819

2.680393

1,906868405

2,5141.011876427

1.816381492882

1.144232

1.973

CuConeNum

Points254244226224134334

PbConcAvg

(mg/kg)3.3002.0751.4582,50011,5252.6734.2933.1503.5132,3952.1171.6383.0002.4337,3003,1334,1254,121

PbMassAvg

(pounds)3,6367,02312.5002.850

48.2664.35630.07817.40613.24112.3419.7759.0134.7571.86115.1437.3632.53823.566

PbConeNum

Points244244326234134344

ZincEslin

frcDef

Zn Cone LisAvg (if no

(mg/kg) avai

10.4506.5185.79811.40034.97316,7282.3082.7006.9124.8002.1973.7631.0003.1335,2736.2006.5253.664

Conelated»mnsitted Zn Massdata Avg

able) (pounds)11,51422.05949.72612.998146,46427.26416.16614,92026,04924.73310.14520.7091.5862.39710,93814,5694,01420.951

2.350 MJ 2.71095908512894854848160105174128260374741198575

22885

2395621206558

401194

1.1511911825094908621001116837123

22122111323215221121

280583301802356516070114290227293260434

22628014012014065

70435946791145306646

81852723611594

1.05419023518

2692394

22122121423315521131

2,500245

3.0001.9501.950813

2.150100

2,4312,4504.7331.2405,6004.6801,8561,9501,0003.2001,2031.600

6.2861.5294.244987

1.2013.8308648

17.4804,4504.930486

2.03111.3611.5631.636131

7.168196

2.325

22122421

623315521131

1.9001.7101.5001.2502.900868

1.6751.000698

1,58512,6676.00012.00048.3202.79214.8003,000880

11,800380

4.77710.6702.122633

1.7864.09067380

5.0162.87913.1922,3494,352

117,2962.35112,418

3931.9711.926552

2,350 MJ 50589169571201728048796512497250659587931381151158075

4126519048487511511585

27285856585145105115856548190

711519854247174

22212245871868310

305155145204

146147354

1,3721341791019

250836215380456036079

891115389

222152121212123221121311111111511112211111

17022529017018010848019523030070

690330330337652153701905353005133002004807046555565414651037606550512328065670430270

136201501768493100

2.22130216121113422850

1,06060410231946923

488217

1.710605

1741469

11963941179752246

1.25392217855437113

222152221212123221121311111111512112211111

1.160950

1,6001,2702.4004.3002,2752,2504.0003.100100

1.9503,2004,0502.9004.0503.6003,1001.6001.9001.300

"" . 2.2001,7005,3003,500370

1.600760

" "1.250340

6.3602.1005.50010.000

936.1501.5702,4003,0006.4007.6007,200

928847

2,7665,7396,5653.99510.5253.4862.7962.185192644480

13.0065,2026,3605.3393,933198

1,733942

7,330337125

1,26771207123

2,715332

1.4513,7765.1896.864

6615,2621,1851,8603.9295.1831.260354

3222522212121232211213

21522112211111

1.6773.7651.870640

7,7402.2001.825820

3.9001.145970

17.1001,1001.9008,4671,7851,8502,4002,7003.4501.200

29.6671.1007.7007.8001,20015.000

410415660

9,567625455

3.7002.4005.100655780

1.4002.3005.9003,400

1,3413,3583,2332,89221.1742.0448.4431.2712,726807

1.8595,646165

6.10215.1872.8032.7443.045333

3.147869

98.845218181

2.823232

1.94466901644

2.1821,124429

2,5401.70112.656

494605

1,8331,863978167

ZnConeNum

Points255344

4

2623413434

5022122421

62331

55211320322252221212123221121311111121622112212111

pHmin

3.03

3.564.062.162.13

2.143912.53

2.782.453.233.422.662.36

3.84

2.484.71

3.93.991.41.793.452.88

3.182.61305

3.562.14.582.265.47378323

3.073.651.485.33.99

1.26

4.65

3.384711.47

pHmax4.52

5.455.244.865.54

3.765334.64

2.784.085.294.81

55.13

5.48

5.034.71

5.094.931.4

5.055.6

4.69

4.494

3.81

3.992.974.584.095.474.94323

4.123.651.485.33.99

5.26

4.65

3.384711.47

VegClassScore

33223332233333123322223333323123233231

32222222222222312221222222221222222221332122

ErosionClassScore

3333222332323332213323333333233112132323332313233332231223333131122323123221221

312

VolumeClassScore

223222332323212213223211211322112111

212111222122112112222211121

111121121112112111

ConeClassScore

3333332232222233

32222222122123333

2321312

222

13221221

322

32222223233231

11

31 1

1223112

I 232

TotalClassScore

111111101010101010101010109999999999999'99999888888888888888888888888888888887777777777777777777

PriorityHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGHHIGH

MODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATE"MODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATEMODERATE

Treatment Treatment Treatment Deposit1998 1999 2000 Group

PROP LBBS-LI COMP-LI MBBS-LI MQ

PROP LIPROP LNPROP LV

COMP-LI NlOAOEPGQDQN

BS-LI RBPROP LKPROP LMPROP LOPROP LQPROP LS

MMCOMP-LI NBCOMP-LI NG

NONPNTOBOHPFQFOGQVQW

PROP LAPROP LCPROP LDPROP LP

MABS-LI COMP-LI ME

MFCOMP-LI Ml

MLBS-LI MP

NANCND

COMP-LI " NHNNNRNUOCODOGOlOKPAPJPPQH

QlQJOPOT

BS-LI RARCLG

PROP LHPROP LT

MNNJ

COMP-LI NLOFOJPCPDPEPNPXQAQKQOOXQYQZ

J.\010004\Task 3 - SCR\Appendices\App_H_mwd_rank.xls Table: Deposit 3 of 4 10/24/2002

OverallRank

141142143144

145

H6147

148

150

151152

153

Rank inReach

8384

85

86

87

68

89

90

91

92

9394

DepositGroup

LL

LRMG

MH

MJ

MK

PM

QR

LU

QM

QQ

RF

Numberof

Depositsin Group Re

Areaach (sq ft)

1 3 5.2241 3 1.1551 3 22,6611 3 6.835

1 3 9.04B1 3 9.943

1 3 1.1141 3 9.954

1 3 5041 3 4.0941 3 4.385

1 3 2.429

DepthMm

(1)0.5

1.3

0.0

0.0

0.3

0.3

0.30.10.7

13

0.9

3.0

DepthMax

(ft)O.B

1.3

O.B

1.0

03

1.3

0.51 B0.7

2.5

09

3.0

DepthAvg

(ft)0.7

1.30.4

0.6

0.3

0.50.4

0.90.7

1.9

0.9

30

DepthNum

Points217

5

3

5

5B1

61

1

DepthEstimate(if data

unavailable)

DepositVolume Mm

(cuft)2.6121.444

0

0

2,2622.486279

830

336

5,4594.0197.287

DepositVolume Max

(cuft)4.3541,444

16.9966.8352.26212.429

557

18.250

33610.2354,0197.287

DepositVolume Avg

(cuft)

3,4831.4449,1724.3292.2625.137446

8.606336

7,9604,0197.287

DepositVolume

Avg(cuyd)

129

53

340

16084

19017

31912

295

149

270

Cd ConeAvg

(mg/kg)

744830092

80

75

75

115

48

75

75

320

CdMassAvg

(pounds)

267

275

40

18

39

3

99

2

60

30

233

CdConeNum

Points

21

1

3

2

11

11

11

1

Cu ConeAvg

(mg/kg)287

470

170

18879

17046

55

210

21046

520

CuMassAvg

(pounds)

100

68

15682

18

87

247

7

167

18379

CuConeNum

Points

31

1

3

21

111

111

PbConcAvg

(mg/kg)3.767

9.9003.300

4.2334,1506.900830

4,7001,5001,2002.0003.100

PbMassAvg

(pounds)

1.3121.4293.027

1.832939

3.54537

4,04550

955804

2.259

PbConeNum

Points31

1

32

111

11

1

1

Zn ConeAvg

(mg/Xg)830

1.800930

2,557

2.350

2.900780

950

590

960

94012.000

Zinc ConeEstimated

fromDepositListed


ZnMassAvg

(pounds)

289260

8531.107532

1.49035

81820764

3788.744

ZnConeNum

Points pHn

VegClass

lin pHmax Score

3 2.74 3.22 21 3.81 3.81 11

3211

1

2

2

2

2

2

21 2.43 2.43 111

21

1 5.47 5.47 0

ErosionClassScore

2221

11

2221

20

VolumeClassScore

1111111

ConeClassScore

121

2

2

211

11

1

3

TotalClassScore

6

6

6

66

6

6

6

55

54

Priority

LOW

LOWLOW

LOW

LOW

LOW

LOW

LOWLOW

LOWLOW

LOW

Reach 3 Subtotals

TOTALNumber

ofDepositGroups

94

TOTALNumber

ofIndiv.

Deposits

103

TOTALArea(sqft)

1.638612

MINoIDepthMin

(ft)00

MAXof

DepthMax

(«)38

AVGof

DepthAvg

(«)10

TOTALof

DepthNum

Points

654

TOTAL ofDepth

Estimate (ifdata

unavailable)1

MIN ofDeposit

MAX ofDeposit

TOTAL ofDeposit

Volume Min Volume Max Volume Avg(cuft)

00

(cuft)

209.202

(cuft)

1.578 311

TOTALof

DepositVolume

Avg(cuyd)

58.456

AVG ofCdConc

Avg

(mg/kg)129

TOTAL ofCdMass

Avg(pounds)

22.516

TOTALofCdConeNum

Points

172

AVG ofCuConc

Avg

(mg/kg)

258

TOTAL ofCuMass

Avg(pounds)

40.093

TOTALofCuConeNum

Points

187

AVG ofPbConc

Avg(mg/kg)

3.059

TOTAL ofPbMass

Avg(pounds)

736.825

TOTALofPbConeNum

Points

198

AVG ofZnConc

Avg

(mg/kg)4.926


fromDepositListed


2

TOTAL ofZnMass

Avg(pounds)

866.842

TOTALofZnCone

AVGof Veg


206 1.26 5.60 214

AVG ofErosionClassScore

224


154

AVGof

ConeClassScore

206

AVGof

TotalClassScore

799

Treatment Treatment Trea1996 1999 20

men! Deposit00 Group

PROP LL

COMP-LICOMP-UICOMP-LICOMP-LI

LR

MG

MH

MJ

MKPM

OR

LUQM

QQ

RF


199B 1999 2000

6 12 16

GRAND TOTALS AND AVERAGES

TOTAL TOTALNumber Number

of ofDeposit Indiv.Groups Deposits

153 167

MAX AVG TOTAL TOTAL ofMIN of of of of Depth MIN of

TOTAL Depth Depth Depth Depth Estimate (if Deposit

TOTALof

MAX of TOTAL of DepositDeposit Deposit Volume

Area Min Max Avg Num data Volume Min Volume Max Volume Avg Avg(sqft) (ft) (ft) (ft) Points unavailable) (cuft)

2.829.911 00 40 09 1.044 3 0(cu ft) (cu ft) (cu yd)

282.735 2.698.514 99945

TOTALAVG Of TOTAL of OfCdCd Cone Cd Mass Cone

Avg Avg Num(mg/kg) (pounds) Points

153 47.586 268

TOTALAVG of TOTAL of OfCu

Cu Cone Cu Mass ConeAvg Avg Num

(mg/kg) (pounds) Points301 99.259 319

TOTALAVG of TOTAL of of Pb

Pb Cone Pb Mass ConeAvg Avg Num

(mg/kg) (pounds) Points3.517 1.405.741 332


from TOTALAVG of Deposit TOTAL of ofZn

Zn Cone Listed Zn Mass ConeAvg (if no data Avg Num

(mg/kg) available) (pounds) Points5.212 11 2.166.976 346

AVG AVGAVG AVG of AVG of of of

of Veg Erosion Volume Cone TotalMIN of MAX of Class Class Class Class ClasspHmin pHmax Score Score Score Score Score

126 560 2.11 2.57 1.58 206 8.32

TOTAL ofTreatment

19989

TOTAL ofTreatment

199924

TOTAL ofTreatment

200016


APPENDIX I

Surface Water Figures

Arkansas River BasinArk R5, Periods 1,2,3

• Detects o Non Detects • PeriodBreak

001

OOOQ .

oonft -_jD)E n on? .

"5 n 006 •>oM n Q05 .w u.uuo

5- 0004 -

_3

E O Q 0 3 -T>(0

O n 002 •

0001 •

0 -« i

•

*•!« *•

^C

1360 -865 B70 S75 980 flSS -B90 B95 2000

rittA

lample Media Flow Period Parameter Units

Surface Water | | All Flows | [ Cadmium, Dissolved | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

49 0.00015 0.004 0.001246JL

0.001106

Sources Station Count Source Count

LNRD-001, 015, 055

Records off chart

vu r

8/26/2002

0.1

0.09

0.08

0.07

_ 0.06

5,2 0.05

I 0.04

O)E

0.03O

0.02

0.01

04-•860


• Detects o NonDetects PeriodBreak

•865 •870 B75 •880 S85 •890 B95 2000

Date

Sample Media Flow Period Parameter Units

Surface Water | | All Flows ] | Cadmium, Total | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

22 0.00034 0.00349 0.001009 0.000795


LNRD-015, 055

Records off chart

8/26/2002

0.1

0.09

D)

1 0.04o>Q.

OO

0.02

0.01

•B60


« Detects o NonDetects PeriodBreak

-965 -B70 975 B80 B85 -090 fi95 2000

Date


Surface Water | \ All Flows | | Copper, Dissolved | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

37 0.0003 0.244 0.01037 0.039576


LNRD-001, 015, 055

Records off chart

Date11/28/1979

StandardValue0.244

ResultID

15196

8/26/2002


rn°

0 1ft .

0 16 •

'T 0 14 •)

^ n 19 -

1 01-

a> 008 •&a.O 006 •y u-uo

004 -

nn? -

0 -

« Detects o NonD<_ . ._itects renootiresK

•B60 965 -870

*•

S75 -B80 B85 B90 fi95 2000n_t_

I Sample Media Flow Period Parameter Units

"j Surface Water | | All Flows ~| | Copper, Total | [ mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

22 0.0014 0.015 0.004231 0.002998

Sources Station Count | 1 | Source Count

LNRD-015, 055

Records off chart

8/26/2002


• Detects ° NonDetects - PeriodBreak

004*} -

004 •

^ 0035 •

E' — ' 001 •TJ

— o 025 .VIw« on? •

•o"55 noi"5 •_i

nm -

nnrvi -

n . 4ft 4 tf A

•• *_

•B60 •B65 •B70 B75 •B80 BBS B90 B95 2000

Date

iSample Media Flow Period Parameter Units

Surface Water | | All Flows | | Lead, Dissolved | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

47 0.00013 JL 0.0035 0.000871 0.000664

Sources Station Count L Source Count

LNRD-001, 015, 055

Records off chart

8/26/2002

0.5

0.4

0.35

0.3

S

0.15

0.1

O-l-€60

Arkansas River BasinArkRS, Periods 1,2,3


965 1970 «75 B80 -B85 990 -B95 2000

Date


Surface Water | | All Flows | | Lead, Total | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

22 0.001 0.045 0.008177 0.00917


LNRD-015, 055

Records off chart

8/26/2002

Ârkansas River BasinArk R5, Periods 1,2,3

rA ^

— •

E~— -3 .

2,ro * -°Min« 5 -Q ô"

N 1'5

1 .

n ^ -

n .

• Detects o NonD<

•B60 B65 -B70

•

'*&

•B75 B80 B85 B90 -995 2000rv,*«


| Surface Water] | All Flows | | Zinc, Dissolved | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

50 0.00005 0.568 0.0806 0.123324


LNRD-001, 015, 055

Records off chart

8/26/2002


• Detects o NonDetects • PeriodBreak

5

4.5

4

*

m

0C

1.5

0.5

•B60 S65 •B70 S75 fl80 •B85 B90 •B95 2000

Date

ISample Media Flow Period Parameter Units

[Surface Water | [ All Flows | [ Zinc, Total | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

22 0.052 0.692 0.224409 0.158326


LNRD-015, 055

Records off chart

8/26/2002


rn m

n OOQ .

000ft •

n>E 0 007 -

"m 0 OOfi •

>

0(A 0005 •(/) U.VUO

5- noo4 -

_3

E nom -•oraO n nn? .

0 001 -

0-w

» Detects o NonD<. .

jtects PeriodBresk

50 B65 B70

.OOOOODOOOOOO 0

• o« t . • —v^y^v •''&

•B75 «80 «85 B90 flQS 2000n_4._

(Sample Media Flow Period Parameter Units

| Surface Water | | All Flows | | Cadmium, Dissolved | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

538 0.00005 0.029 JL 0.000479 0.0017


LNRD-001, 010, Oil, 015, 031, 055

Records off chart

Date5/6/1998

5/6/1998

StandardValue0.029

0.025

ResultID394569

394738

8/26/2002



0.1

0.09

0)0.07

0.06

0.04

<0O

0.02

0.01

0 -B60 965 B70 fl75 B80 B85 B90 •B95 2000

| Sample Media Flow Period Parameter Units

~\ Surface Water | | All Flows ~| | Cadmium, Total | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

560 0.00005 0.028 0.000842 0.001908

Sources Station Count 10 Source Count

LNRD-001, 010, Oil, 015, 055

Records off chart 0

8/26/2002


F

fi 1

n OQ

n rw

?"ni n c\7

TI nnfio

S n (v*u.uow

n rw .

00

a n nôo

nro

A A1

n -

• Detects o NonDc

«

_ . ._ .

»

«

:. .V4*

llJtmaoapaajP*

B60 •965 B70 •875 S80 S85 990 B95 2000

Date


| Surface Water | [ All Flows | | Copper, Dissolved | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

486 0.0001 0.138 0.002614 0.0065


LNRD-001, 010, Oil, 015, 031, 055

Records off chart 1

Date11/11/1991

StandardValue

0.138

ResultID151010

8/26/2002

•Arkansas River BasinArk R6, Periods 1,2,3

F

ft 9 -,

ft 1ft •

0 1fi .

""T1 n 14 -

^ ft 17 -

"55"K 01-

Q.Q.

0

002 -

n .

« Detects ° NonDt

•

•

«

*• ^

*

•

/i i • LxB60 -865 fl70 "875 "880 B85 B90 B95 2000

Date


| Surface Water | | All Flows | | Copper, Total ] | mg/L

Min Max Avg Std Dev

[507 0.0005 0.175 0.004278 0.009288


LNRD-001, 010, Oil, 015, 055

Records off chart 0

8/26/2002


» Detects o NonDetects PeriodBreak

0.05

=3, 0-035

0.03

•§ 0.025M(A

T>10

0.01

0.005

•B60 -B65 -B70 fl75 B80 B85 "690 •B95

Date


| Surface Water| | All Flows | | Lead, Dissolved | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

479 0.0001 0.031 0.000809 0.001691


LNRD-001, Oil, 015, 031, 055

Records off chart 0

8/26/2002



0.5

0.45

0.4

-. O-35

O> noc 0.3

TJrao>

,- 0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

04—-B60

'• •

* • 1

965 •B70 •B75 •880 B85 B90 •B95 2000

Date


Surface Water | | All Flows | | Lead, Total | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

472 0.0005 0.043 0.004437 0.007685

Sources Station Count [_ 10 Source Count

LNRD-001, Oil, 015, 055

Records off chart

8/26/2002

IArkansas River BasinArk R6, Periods 1,2,3


5

4.5

4

i 25

Mlit

OcN

0.5

'«:B60 -B65 -B70 B75 B80 -B85 S90 •B95

Date

2000


| Surface Water) | All Flows | | Zinc, Dissolved | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

496 0.00001 0.82 0.088794 0.099556


LNRD-001, 010, Oil, 015, 031, 055

Records off chart

8/26/2002



4.5

3.5

O)

£ 2.5o» 2

N 1.5

0.5

B60 B65 •B70 B80 •B85 B90 B95 2000

Date

•TciSample Media Flow Period Parameter Units

Surface Water All Flows | | Zinc, Total | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

519 0.005 0.115684 0.116253


LNRD-001, 010, Oil, 015, 055

Records off chart 0 Y

8/26/2002


• Detects o Non Detects • PeriodBreak

0.01

0.009

_ 0.008

p 0.007

"S 0.006

O(A(A

5

0.005

»-- 0.004_

E 0.003

ra0.002

0.001

•B60 B65 -B70 •B75 S80 S85 B90

Date


| Surface Water | | All Flows | | Cadmium, Dissolved^ | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

262J[

0.00005 0.066 0.000511 0.004068


LNRD-001, Oil, 031

Records off chart

Date4/26/1994

StandardValue ResultID

0.066| 202803

8/26/2002



009 •

OHft -

— 1 007 •D)

>— 006 -

~!a*rf

O 005 •

§ 004 •

E"O nog .n U-UJ

O

002 -

nm -

n -

•

• A tilA**

00 , «»

fcî 1 "*•B60 B65 •870 B75 •880 •885 •B90 S95 2000

Date


| Surface Water) | All Flows | | Cadmium, Total | | mg/L |

Win Max Avg Std Dev

283 0.00005 0.01 0.000675 0.001251


UMRD-001, Oil, 031

Records off chart

8/26/2002



0.1

0.09

0.08

0.07

•a 0.06

0.05

. 0.04

a 0.03oo

0.02

0.01

•B60 965 •870 •875 •980 B85 990 •995 2000

Date


| Surface Water | | All Flows | | Copper, Dissolved ] | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

236 0.0001 0.049 0.002699 0.004659


LNRD-001, Oil, 031

Records off chart

8/26/2002


F

09 -

0 1H .

n IK j

*—• n 14 .

"ro£ n 1? •

1 01

Q.Q.? nnfi .

no? .

n .

« Detects o NonD<

• ^

* **^

t

rfXMÛ &, ^

«»

v •N* *&J»4J»J

-960 •865 •870 •B75 S80 B85 B90 •B95 2000

Date


"| Surface Water | | All Flows ~| | Copper, Total | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

244 0.0005 0.06 0.005759 0.007733


LNRD-001, Oil, 031

Records off chart

8/26/2002


» Detects o NonDetects • PeriodBreak

OO4S •

nn4 .

=J n nvi -^> °-OJ5

' 003 •T35— n 09^ .v>wQ"~ 0 02 -

•o5 ooi1)-_i

nm -

nons -

n.

•

«

»

t •n *^t

« «

^>"""*j2^-»^

S60 •865 •B70 975 •B80 •885 •890 B95 2000

Date


Surface Water) | All Flows | | Lead, Dissolved ] | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

240 0.0005 0.026 0.001524 0.002928


LNRD-001, Oil, 031

Records off chart

8/26/2002


• Detects ° NonDetects PeriodBreak

0.5

0.45

0.4

~ 0.35

f 0.3

$ 0.25o

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0+-•B60 965 -B70 1375 •880 •B85 •B95 2000

Date


| Surface Water] | All Flows | | Lead, Total | | mg/L |

Win Max Avg Std Dev

247 0.0005 2.721 0.016507 0.173032


LNRD-001, Oil, 031

Records off chart

Date

5/23/1995

StandardValue

2.721ResultID

160663

8/26/2002


r

e:

4 ^ H

1

O)

"""* ^ -•o

S o 50 "</>w'JI 9 .Q ^

Oc 1 5N

1 .

0 "5 •

0 -

« Detects o NonDf

»*

•860 B65 B70

•• *--• Aj .A^ fc A^^ ii •

B75 B80 -885 B90 -895 2000n«4A

[Sample Media Flow Period Parameter Units

Surface Water [ | All Flows | | Zinc, Dissolved | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

241 J[ 0.004 0.19 0.04546 0.02986


LNRD-001, Oil, 031

Records off chart

8/26/2002



4.5

3.5

« 2.5O

O

N 1.5

0.5

•860 •865 970 •875 •D80 B85 -890 2000

Date

UnitsISample Media Flow Period Parameter

1 Surface Water"] | All Flows "| | Zinc, Total | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

275 0.005 0.67 0.10109 0.084307


LNRD-001, Oil, 031

Records off chart

8/26/2002


Detects o Non Detects • • PeriodBreak

0.01

0.009

_ 0.008

g 0.007

"% 0.006

«-- 0.004

E 0.003•oraO

0.001

0-

00 00

-B65 B70 975 B80 -B85 B90 fl95 2000

Date


| Surface Water | | All Flows | | Cadmium, Dissolved ] | mg/L

Win Max Avg Std Dev

516 0.00005 0.01 0.000219 0.000559

Sources Station Count | 10 \ Source Count

LNRD-001, Oil, 031

Records off chart

8/26/2002


• Detects ° NonDetects • PeriodBreak

0.1

0.09

0.07o>

5o

=j 0.04

E

raO

0.02

0.01

-960 B65 B70 B75 •985 B90 •B95

<»To

Date2000


Surface Water | | All Flows | | Cadmium, Total | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

594 0.00005 0.049 0.000714 0.002358


LNRD-001, Oil, 031

Records off chart

8/26/2002



0.1

0.09

0.08

o> 0.07

0)0.06

0.05

0.04

a. 0.03oO

0.02

0.01

O-l-B60 •B65 B70 •B75 «80 «85 990 •B95 2000

Date


| Surface Water] | All Flows \ \ Copper, Dissolved | | mg/L |

Min Max Avg Std Dev

466 0.0001 0.039 0.001952 0.002904


LNRD-001, Oil, 031

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APPENDIX J

Terrestrial White Paper

UPPER ARKANSAS RIVER BASINSITE CHARACTERIZATION REPORT - SUPPORTING ANALYSIS:

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE POTENTIAL FOR INJURY TOMAMMALIAN WILDLIFE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

2.0 PATHWAYS 2

2.1 Conceptual Model 2

3.0 SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE DATA 3

4.0 CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENTIAL INJURY 5

4.1 Small Mammals 6

4.1.1 Histopathology 6

4.1.2 Metal Concentrations in Tissues 8

4.1.3 Conclusions - Small Mammals 10

4.2 Large Mammals 11

4.2.1 Characterization of Potential Injury -Concentration-Based Benchmarks

for Forage 13

4.2.2 Characterization of Potential Injury - Estimated Metal Ingestion Rates. 13

4.2.3 Conclusions - Large Mammals 15

5.0 REFERENCES 17

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This paper supplements analysis of potential injury to mammalian wildlife presented in the Site

Characterization Report (SCR) prepared for the 11-Mile Reach of the Upper Arkansas River Basin near

Leadville, Colorado. The Consulting Team (CT) was tasked with reviewing the existing data for the 11-

Mile Reach and describing injuries to natural resources based upon that information. This supplemental

analysis is consistent with the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Work Plan for the SCR and

considers the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA)

regulations [43 CFR 11].

According to NRDA regulations [43 CFR 11.62(f)(3)], determining injury to biological resources,

including mammalian wildlife, must be based on establishing a statistically significant difference in

response levels between the population in the study area and that of a control area. The regulations also

define specific categories of injury for biological resources and state that injury determination must be

based on measurement methodologies that are capable of demonstrating the specific biological response

under consideration. For the 11-Mile Reach, there are limited data that allow for direct determination of

injury to mammalian wildlife. Because there are limitations in the amount and extent of injury-specific

data, the existing information is combined with data from the nearby California Gulch Superfund Site and

information from the ecotoxicological literature to characterize the potential for injury to mammals using

a weight-of-evidence approach consistent with ecological risk assessment methodologies (e.g., USEPA

1997b). In general, this includes evaluation and comparison of known and estimated exposure of wildlife

to ecotoxicological benchmarks corresponding to known levels of toxicity. This approach is consistent

with the goals of the MOU, and the approach that the CT has taken in the SCR. This paper describes

available information that is applicable to characterizing the potential for adverse effects in mammals, and

summarizes the potential for injury in response to a series of questions from the MOU Parties (see

Attachment A).

2.0 PATHWAYS

2.1 Conceptual Model

A conceptual model describes the sources of contamination and the pathways by which resources

of concern could be exposed to contaminants. A complete pathway, which results in an exposure, does

not necessarily constitute an injury to natural resources as defined in DOI's NRDA regulations. The

exposure must elicit an effect or response which can be measured and which is statistically different

between the study area and a control area.

Conceptual models for exposure of mammals in the 11-Mile Reach have been described in two

ecological risk assessments (ERAs) (Woodward Clyde 1993; USEPA 1997a). The primary sources of

contamination in the 11 -Mile Reach are mining and mineral processing wastes from the Leadville mining

district. ERAs have shown that the primary chemicals of concern in the 11-Mile Reach are the metals

cadmium, lead, and zinc.

Historically, California Gulch has been a major pathway for transport of solid and soluble forms

of the metals to downgradient areas; including the Arkansas River. Periodic flooding has resulted in

deposition of mine wastes along the river. In addition, floodplain soils may have been affected by

overland runoff and irrigation of pasturelands with contaminated water. Mammals may be exposed to

metals through direct contact with mine wastes or secondarily through contaminated surface water, soil,

or sediment; or through ingestion of forage or prey that may have accumulated metals from biotic and

abiotic sources. Injuries to surface water, soil, sediment and vegetation that comprise habitat for

mammalian wildlife are described and evaluated in the SCR.

The frequency and duration of contact with contaminated media are important in characterizing

the potential for injury to mammalian wildlife. Habitat quality and availability in contaminated areas are

major factors affecting the frequency and duration of contact. This is especially true for large, mobile

species such as elk, deer, and coyotes that range over large areas and may spend only a portion of their

time in the area of concern. Smaller, less mobile species such as rodents (e.g., mice and voles) and

lagomorphs (e.g., rabbits) range over smaller areas and may contact contaminated media more frequently.

3.0 SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE DATA

Information available to characterize the potential for injury to mammals includes

histopathological data for small mammals in the 11-Mile Reach, data on target organ metal

concentrations, and metal concentrations in exposure media (e.g. soil, water, vegetation). In addition,

similar data are available from nearby areas in the California Gulch Superfund Site (but outside the 11-

Mile Reach), and information from the ecotoxicological literature can be used to characterize the potential

for injury based on exposure estimates.

Site-specific information from the 11-Mile Reach and the upstream reference area (Reach 0)

includes:

• Histopathological analyses of vole and short-tailed weasel tissue samples from Reaches 0

and 2 (WCC 1993);

• Metal concentrations in kidney and liver tissue from small mammals (WCC 1993); and

• Metal concentrations in vegetation, soil, and water in Reaches 1, 2, and 3 (Keammerer

1987; Levy et al. 1992; WCC 1993).

Data from outside the 11-Mile Reach, but within the nearby California Gulch Superfund Site

include:

• Histopathological analyses of mouse, vole, and chipmunk tissue samples from several

locations with varying levels of mine waste contamination (WCC 1993; Stoller 1996);

• Metal concentrations in kidney and liver tissue from small mammals (WCC 1993; Stoller

1996); and

• Metal concentrations in vegetation, soil, and water (WCC 1993; Stoller 1996).

Data available from the scientific literature include ecotoxicological benchmarks for:

• Metal concentrations in mammalian tissues from laboratory and field studies;

• Metal concentrations in mammalian tissues associated with specific effects;

• Metal intake rates [i.e., Toxicity Reference Values (TRVs)]; and

• Metal concentrations in forage and prey items.

The above information is used to help evaluate whether metal concentrations in mammal tissues or abiotic

media in the 11-Mile Reach are consistent with nearby conditions for which more data on injury are

available. In some cases, the data from the California Gulch Superfund Site reflect higher metal

concentrations and bioavailability than in the 11-Mile Reach, and represent a reasonable worst-case

scenario. The characterization is further supported by literature-based ecotoxicological benchmarks that

correspond to known levels of toxicity and/or injury.

Data on metal content and histopathology in larger mammals (e.g. elk, deer, fox) are lacking for

the 11-Mile Reach. However, data on injury to small mammals are available to help characterize the

potential for injury to larger species that are more mobile and spend less of their life cycles in the 11-Mile

Reach.

4.0 CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENTIAL INJURY

The CT's characterization of the potential for injury to mammals follows a weight-of-evidence

approach consistent with DOI's NRDA regulations and EPA's ecological risk assessment methodologies.

Histopathological data from the 11-Mile Reach and from Reach 0 are used to directly assess injury to

small mammals. The histopathologic data is important because the presence of lesions in biological

tissues associated with contaminants exposure is specifically identified as an injury in the NRDA

regulations [43 CFR 11.62(f)(4)(vi)(D)]. Because there is a limited amount of injury-specific data, other

types of data are used as supporting weight-of-evidence to evaluate the uncertainty associated with the

small histopathological data set.

Metal concentrations in kidney and liver samples are compared to ecotoxicological benchmarks

that are associated with known levels of histopathological or physiological dysfunction. Internal organ

and soft tissue malformation and histological lesions are the most common metals effects reported in the

literature and associated with benchmark values. Several recently published secondary sources report

benchmark values for wild mammals that are based on comprehensive reviews of field and laboratory

studies (Hoffman et al. 1995; Beyer et al. 1996; Eisler 2000; Shore and Rattner 2001). A large number of

laboratory and field studies were reviewed and it was determined that the majority of the literature is

consistent with the benchmarks and associated effects presented in these secondary sources. Of the

studies reviewed, most of the mammalian studies, which evaluated metals exposure and accumulation,

were conducted on mining impacted sites and are therefore appropriate for consideration in the Upper

Arkansas River Basin (UARB).

To further evaluate the level of uncertainty associated with limited histopathological data, metal

concentrations in vegetation, small mammals, soil, and water are used to estimate the rate at which

wildlife may ingest metals while feeding and drinking. These estimates are compared to TRVs, which are

intake rates corresponding to known toxicological effects or lack thereof (EPA 1993, 1997b; Eisler 2000).

In addition to data collected from the 11-Mile Reach, information from California Gulch and the

scientific literature are used to help evaluate the potential for injury to mammals in the 11-Mile Reach.

Because of the proximity to mine-waste tailings and smelter residues, data from California Gulch reflect

higher metal concentrations and greater bioavailability than conditions in the 11-Mile Reach and,

therefore, represent a worse case scenario that can be used as a point of comparison. The characterization

was further developed by comparing non-injury specific data from both the 11-Mile Reach and California

Gulch to literature-based ecotoxicological benchmarks that correspond to known levels of toxicity and/or

injury. This includes benchmarks comparable to metal concentrations in tissues as described above, as

well as dose-based (i.e., intake) benchmarks that are commonly used in ERAs.

4.1 Small Mammals

4.1.1 Histopathology

WCC (1993) sampled small mammals from locations in Reach 2, the California Gulch Superfund

Site outside the 11-Mile Reach, and nearby reference areas along Tennessee Creek and the upper

Arkansas River (Reach 0). Approximately 28 tissues from each of 36 animals were examined

histologically using light microscopy. From Reach 2, WCC collected four southern red-backed voles

(Clethrionomys gapperi), two long-tailed voles (Microtus longicaudatusând two short-tailed weasels

(Mustela ermined) for histological analysis. Samples from Reach 0 included four red-backed voles and

five long-tailed voles.

The sampling locations in Reach 2 were irrigated pastures downstream of the confluence of

California Gulch with the Arkansas River and reflect contamination from deposition of mine wastes,

floodwater, and/or irrigation water. Data on soils and vegetation indicate that the animals were

potentially exposed to elevated metal concentrations in soil and vegetation. The animals were collected

from sites where mean metal concentrations in floodplain soils were 36 ppm cadmium, 968 ppm copper,

4,665 ppm lead, and 6,055 ppm zinc, representing some of the highest concentrations along the 11-Mile

Reach. To a lesser extent, concentrations of the same metals were elevated in vegetation.

As noted, data from WCC (1993) are directly applicable to characterizing injury in the 11-Mile

Reach. Besides the direct applicability for evaluating injury, these data were collected from an area of

confirmed mine waste with contamination-level metal concentrations and from potentially mixed

sources/transport mechanisms. In addition, vegetation from the area contains elevated metal

concentrations creating a true metals exposure scenario. The data set also includes samples from

reference areas of similar habitat.

Results of WCC's histologic analysis indicated no abnormal histopathology or injury that could

be attributed to metals exposure. Although the kidney is the primary site of toxic action of cadmium,

6

WCC did not submit kidneys for histopathology from any of the animals collected. Based on the

experience of the pathologist who conducted these analyses (Dr. Terry Spraker, Colorado State

University), lesions associated with cadmium exposure would not be expected at the tissue concentrations

found in these animals (T. Spraker, Pers. Comm.). This conclusion (that tissue lesions would not be

expected to occur at the cadmium concentrations present in vole kidney tissues from Reaches 0 and 2) is

also supported by the ecotoxicological literature (Cooke and Johnson 1996; Eisler 2000; Ma and Talmage

2001).

WCC (1993) also collected liver and kidney samples from areas on the Superfund Site (St.

Josephs Cemetery and Hamm's Mill) in which soils metal concentrations were higher than those found in

the 11-Mile Reach. Cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations in kidney and liver samples from these

Superfund Site locations were equal to or higher than concentrations from Reach 2. Despite the higher

concentrations in soils and equivalent or higher concentrations in tissues, kidney and liver samples from

the Superfund Site locations did not exhibit abnormal histopathology that could be attributed to metal

toxicity. This supports the view that there is low risk of this type of injury for small mammals in the 11-

Mile Reach, Based on this information, the absence of kidney histologic analysis is not critical to

evaluating small mammal injury for the WCC data set.

Histopathological analyses of small mammal liver and kidney tissue are also available from

Upper California Gulch (Stoller 1996). Upper California Gulch is part of the Superfund Site and contains

soils, mill tailing and waste rock with varying metal concentrations. Sample locations included uplands

as well as locations containing fluvial tailings deposits and waste rock in riparian areas. A total of

twenty-five animals including primarily least chipmunks (Eutamias minumus) and deer mice (Peromyscus

maniculatus), but also a southern red-backed vole and a long-tailed vole were collected from locations

representing a wide range of metal contamination. Animals were collected directly from waste rock and

tailing piles; from locations near, but not on waste piles; and from sites remote from waste piles in the

study area and reference area (Iowa Gulch). In samples from all locations, results indicated "minimal" to

"slight" occurrence of lesions. Neither the frequency nor intensity of lesions was correlated with

proximity to mine waste deposits. These results indicate that these animals showed no signs of

histopathological injury due to metals exposure.

Limitations affecting use of the WCCs (1993) histopathological data include low sample number

(6 animals) and lack of data from other locations in the 11-Mile Reach. In addition, small mammal data

from Reach 2 are for herbivorous vole species only. The Stoller (1996) data are not from the 11-Mile

Reach, but samples were collected from a gradient of contamination including animals inhabiting waste

rock piles with high metal concentrations (cadmium over 100 ppm, lead over 40,000 ppm, and zinc over

15,000 ppm); as well as areas of nearby soils with lower metal concentrations. The histopathology results

can be used in conjunction with data on metal concentrations in liver, kidney, soils, and vegetation in the

weight of evidence approach to characterize the potential for injury. Limitations on use of the Stoller

(1996) data include the lack of samples from the 11-Mile Reach and the lack of data from species other

than granivorous/herbivorous species.

Insectivorous species such as shrews, may accumulate more cadmium than granivores (seed

eaters) and herbivores (vegetation eaters) because terrestrial insects (their main dietary component)

generally accumulate higher cadmium concentrations than vegetation (Cooke and Johnson 1996). Several

shrew species potentially occur in the Upper Arkansas River Valley. WCC (1993) captured 3 montane

shrews (Sorex monticolus) during their small mammal trapping effort to determine relative abundance,

but they did not capture any shrews when they sampled for tissue collection.

4.1.2 Metal Concentrations in Tissues

It is generally accepted that diagnosis of metals poisoning as cause of death is established

through a synthesis of necropsy observations, pathological findings, and tissue concentrations. Death

(from metal poisoning) cannot be diagnosed on the basis of tissue concentrations only, but metal

poisoning can be diagnosed from concentrations if sufficient data exist from the same or related species

showing a relation between illness and concentrations (Franson 1996). Metal concentrations in biological

tissues are not a direct measure of injury endpoints cited in DOI's NRDA regulations. However,

toxicological studies of metal exposure have resulted in estimates of tissue metal concentrations that are

correlated with histological effects and/or adverse physiological and biochemical effects. These types of

effects are specific injury categories cited in the NRDA regulations. Thus, benchmark concentrations can

be used in conjunction with tissue concentrations in samples from the site and reference areas to support

the direct measures of injury and further characterize the potential for injury due to metals exposure.

Metals are not degraded by metabolism; therefore, measure of metal concentrations in target organs is a

relatively direct measure of exposure. As noted above, kidney and liver are important sites of metal

toxicity in vertebrates. Therefore, data on metal residues in kidney and liver can be used to characterize

the risk of adverse effects and the potential for injury.

Benchmark levels cited in the following discussion were taken from 1996 summaries of scientific

literature on cadmium and lead toxicity in small mammals (Cooke and Johnson 1996, Ma 1996). For

cadmium, Cooke and Johnson (1996) recommend 100 mg/Kg (wet wt) (350 mg/Kg dry wt) as critical

concentration in kidneys of small mammals. No analogous recommendations for cadmium in liver tissue

were provided since the kidney is the primary target organ in cadmium toxicity. For lead, Ma (1996) cites

concentrations of 6 to 10 mg/Kg (dry wt) in kidney and 2.5 to 5 mg/Kg (dry wt) in liver as no-observed-

adverse-effects levels (NOAELs) for effects ranging from changes in the somatic organ index to

reproductive effects.

Data on metal residues in small mammal kidney and liver samples from Reach 0 and Reach 2 are

available from WCC (1993). For Reach 2, there are individual and composite liver and kidney samples

from voles and short-tailed weasels (Table 1). For Reach 0, there are kidney and liver composite samples

from voles only (Table 2). Ideally, composite samples represent an average value of those individuals

making up the composite sample. However, the variability around that average value is unknown as is

the case with the composite samples submitted by WCC (1993). As with the histopathology studies,

chemical residue data are also available from other sampling locations in California Gulch outside the 11-

Mile Reach (WCC 1993; Stoller 1996). Data are available for red-backed voles, long-tailed voles, deer

mice, and least chipmunks from locations representing a wide range of metal concentrations in soils.

Kidney cadmium concentrations in small mammals did not exceed NOAEL, lowest observed,

adverse effect level (LOAEL), or critical concentrations associated with injury in small mammals (Figure

1). Maximum cadmium concentrations in kidneys from Reach 0 or Reach 2 did not approach the 350

mg/Kg (dry wt) critical concentration identified by Cooke and Johnson (1996). The maximum cadmium

concentration identified in Reach 2 was 39 mg/Kg dry wt. (11.1 mg/Kg wet wt), while the maximum

concentrations from the entire WCC study was 69 mg/Kg dry wt. (19.7 mg/Kg wet wt) (WCC 1993,

Table 7-15). The maximum cadmium concentration in surface soils co-located with small mammal

samples was approximately 55 mg/Kg. By contrast, the maximum cadmium concentration in chipmunk

kidneys from Upper California Gulch was 119 mg/Kg dry wt. (34 mg/Kg wet wt.) and was associated

with concentrations in surface soil of less than 15 mg/Kg (Stoller 1996, Figure 3-8).

These results indicate that maximum cadmium concentrations in small mammals from Reach 2,

and from the overall Superfund site do not exceed the recommended threshold concentrations for

physiological and histopathological effects (Cooke and Johnson 1996). In addition, the results suggest

that overall cadmium bioavailability from soils and plant materials may be less along the 11-Mile Reach

than in some areas of the Superfund Site.

Lead concentrations in liver and kidney also did not exceed concentrations associated with

ecologically important effects (Figure 2). The maximum concentration in kidney and liver was

approximately equal to NOAEL-based concentrations for sublethal effects. Lead was detected in only

one of three liver samples collected from Reach 0 and Reach 2 (Detection Limit <0.5 mg/Kg)(WCC

1993).

Limitations of chemical residue data from the WCC (1993) study are similar to those cited for

histopathology. The sample size for 11-Mile Reach is small, and samples are not available from segments

downstream of Reach 2. However, the samples represent maximal, or near maximal exposures for the 11-

Mile Reach.

Only herbivorous voles were included in the WCC samples, and only granivorous/herbivorous

chipmunks were collected from Upper California Gulch. Small mammals with more insectivorous diets,

such as shrews, might be expected to accumulate greater amounts of cadmium (Cooke and Johnson 1996;

Ma and Talmage 2001). Based on data from the literature, cadmium accumulation in shrew kidneys can

be more than 25 times that of herbivorous rodents (Cooke and Johnson 1996). Tissues from the captured

shrews in the 11-Mile Reach were not analyzed, but concentrations 25 times that of vole kidneys would

exceed Cooke and Johnson's critical levels for adverse effects on renal function and structure, and may be

consistent with a positive injury determination. However, the literature also indicates that in comparison

to rodents, shrews may be more resistant to cadmium exposure through a greater metallothionein-related

detoxication capacity of the target organs (i.e., liver and kidney) (Shore and Douben 1994; Cooke and

Johnson 1996; Eisler 2000; Ma and Talmage 2001). Therefore, literature-based benchmarks used for

rodents may not be appropriate for insectivores such as shrews and it is unclear whether the

concentrations present at the site cause injury to shrews.

4.1.3 Conclusions - Small Mammals

Data are available for directly evaluating injury to small mammals in the 11-Mile Reach,

although sample sizes are small and geographical coverage is limited. Six samples of voles are available

from Reach 0 and Reach 2. Overall, histopathological analyses of these samples show no injury to small

10

mammals in either Reach 0 or Reach 2. While the kidney is the primary organ associated with cadmium

toxicity in mammals, kidneys were not analyzed for histopathology in samples collected from Reach 0 or

Reach 2. The small sample size, limited geographical coverage, and lack of kidney histological analysis

creates some uncertainty in the data; however, this uncertainty is reduced by the following:

(1) Metal concentrations in kidney and liver samples from Reach 2 samples did not

exceed benchmarks associated with physiological and histopathological effects;

(2) Samples from the Superfund Site (areas of potentially higher exposure) also did not

contain metal concentrations in excess of benchmarks and;

(3) Samples from the Superfund site (areas of potentially higher exposure) did not

exhibit liver or kidney histopathology, which could be related to effects from metals

exposure.

The results from each of these three data sets are consistent with each other and support the results

reported by WCC (1993). While none of these data sets alone are sufficient to evaluate injury, the

weight-of-evidence provided by one injury-specific data set and three supporting data sets lends more

confidence to the overall injury assessment.

Species with more insectivorous diets, such as shrews, may have higher exposures due to higher

dietary cadmium concentrations, but data are not available for direct evaluation of these species. Existing

literature indicates that benchmarks appropriate for rodents may not be appropriate for insectivores, as

insectivores appear to be more tolerant of increased metals exposure.

The apparent lack of effects on individual small mammals receiving maximal or near-maximal

metals exposure indicates a corresponding lack of injury to local populations in the 11-Mile Reach.

Additional samples would reduce the uncertainty in evaluating potential injury, but may not significantly

aid in restoration planning for the 11-Mile Reach (see SCR).

4.2 Large Mammals

Tissue metal data and histopathology analyses for larger mammals (e.g., elk, deer, fox) are not

available for the 11-Mile Reach. However, the potential for injury to large mammals was characterized

by evaluating exposure through the comparison of metal concentrations in forage and estimates of metal

intake rates to benchmarks values. In addition, data on injury to small mammal populations was used to

11

help evaluate the potential for injury to larger species that are more mobile and spend less of their life-

cycles in the 11-Mile Reach. Because small mammals have a relatively small home range, they are likely

to receive a more constant exposure to contaminated media. The 11-Mile Reach is a ribbon of habitat

within the Upper Arkansas River Basin and it is expected that larger mammals will migrate through and

may spend periods of time there. However, large mammal exposure will be considerably less as

compared to that of small mammals.

Generally, data for direct measurement of injury to large mammals are not available, and

characterizing the potential for injury is more difficult and uncertain. In the absence of data on

histopathology or metal residues in tissues, the potential for injury can be estimated using risk assessment

techniques in which the intake of metals is calculated and compared to benchmark intakes of known

toxicity to the receptor or similar species. Data on metal content in food and other ingested materials is

used along with estimates of the daily intake of each medium (Alldredge et al. 1974; EPA 1993, 1997;

Beyer etal. 1994).

Large mammals of greatest concern in the 11-Mile Reach are elk (Cervus elaphus) and mule deer

(Odecoileus hemionus). Elk and mule deer use the 11-Mile Reach seasonally during fall and winter, but

migrate to higher elevations in spring and summer. However, a few individuals may remain through

spring and summer. Elk feed both by grazing on grasses and forbs, and browsing on woody vegetation

(Fitzgerald 1994). Deer are primarily browsers, but opportunistically feed on grasses and forbs

(Fitzgerald 1994). Ungulates could be exposed to metals in forage plants, incidentally ingested soils, and,

to a lesser extent, in surface waters. Data on metal content of grasses, forbs, and shrubs (e.g., willows)

are available from Reach 0, 1, 2 and 3; grass and forb data are available from more downstream areas.

Vegetation data are from Keammerer (1987) and were collected from locations in the floodplain, but

distinct from mine waste deposits. Soils in these areas contain elevated metals concentrations, which tend

to decrease with distance downstream from Reach 1.

Carnivorous mammals such as the coyote (Canis latrans), red fox (Vulpes wipes), North

American badger (Taxidea taxus), and short-tailed weasel (Mustela ermined) also inhabit the 11-Mile

Reach. Individual fox and coyote occupy large areas ranging from several hundred to over 3,000 hectares

(USEPA 1993; Fitzgerald 1994). Badgers and weasels have more restricted home ranges and individual

may spend a large proportion of their time in the 11-Mile Reach. Coyotes, badgers, fox, and weasels are

primary carnivorous, feeding on small mammals and birds. Small mammal whole-body data from

California Gulch (Stoller 1996; USEPA 1997a) and other mine sites suggest that metals are not

12

effectively translocated to the primary prey of these species, thus bioaccumulation is low limiting the

potential for metals exposure to predators.

The potential for injury can be characterized by comparing the potential metals exposure of large

mammals to ecotoxicologically-based benchmarks. This was conducted using two approaches: (1)

comparing metal concentrations in forage plants to benchmarks from the scientific literature and (2)

estimating daily intake of metals from forage foods and soils, and comparing the intakes to TRVs which

represent rates corresponding to known levels of toxicity and injury (EPA 1993, 1997b, Eisler 2000).

4.2.1 Characterization of Potential Injury -Concentration-Based Benchmarks for Forage

There are few ecotoxicological benchmarks available for wild ungulates, therefore, benchmark

metal concentrations recommended for ruminant wildlife and livestock forage or feed are used (Table 3).

The most complete data set available for chemical concentrations in vegetation in the 11-mile reach is that

of Keammerer (1987). Metal concentrations in vegetation for Reaches 0, 1,2, and 3 are shown in Table

4. Except for lead, metal concentrations tended to be higher in forbs than in grasses. Mean metal

concentrations were less than benchmarks for all metals except cadmium. Mean cadmium concentration

exceeded the lowest benchmark of 0.5 mg/Kg for livestock (NAS 1980; Church 1988; Eisler 2000) in all

reaches, including Reach 0. Cadmium exceeded the no-effects criterion (3-5 mg/Kg) in only Reach 3,

and concentrations did not exceed those associated with mild renal dysfunction (10 mg/Kg) in any reach.

Cadmium concentrations in vegetation, especially forbs, were not significantly higher in Reach 1

or 2 than in Reach 0. Forb cadmium concentrations were highest in Reach 3, but differences may not be

significant. These results suggest that concentrations in the downstream sampling locations are not

different from Reach 0 (Figure 3), and that the corresponding potential for injury from cadmium in

vegetation does not differ from baseline conditions represented by Reach 0.

4.2.2 Characterization of Potential Injury - Estimated Metal Ingestion Rates

The potential for injury to large mammals was characterized using standard risk assessment

methodology to estimate the ingestion of metals in food and incidentally ingested soils (USEPA 1993,

1997b). The ingestion rates were then compared to TRVs representing known levels of potential toxicity

and injury. The characterization was phased, starting with a screening-level analysis (USEPA 1997b),

13

which includes conservative assumptions about exposure (i.e., ingestion) and toxicity (i.e., most sensitive

endpoints) in order to minimize the chance of underestimating the potential for injury.

The potential for injury was characterized for mule deer to represent grazing/browsing ungulates.

Mule deer were selected because they feed on a variety of vegetation types in the area and may remain in

the valley lowland for longer periods of time than elk, which migrate to higher elevations for a large

proportion of the year. Mule deer food and incidental soil ingestion rates were taken from the scientific

literature:

• Food ingestion rate: 0.02 Kg food/Kg bw/day (Alldredge et al. 1974)

• Soil ingestion rate: 0.0004 Kg soil/Kg bw/day (Beyer et al. 1994)

Conservative assumptions about bioavailability and contact rate were also used:

• Assuming that 100 percent of metal ingested in food is absorbed (i.e., 100 percent bioavailability)

• The receptor obtains 100 percent of food and incidentally ingested soil from the 11 -Mile Reach

Both of these assumptions tend to overestimate exposure since only a small fraction of ingested metals is

generally absorbed from the intestinal lumen (Klaassen 1995; Cooke and Johnson 1996; Eisler 2000), and

individual animals are unlikely to feed exclusively in the 11-Mile Reach.

Estimated ingestion rates were compared to the following NOAEL-based TRVs:

• Cadmium: 0.27 mg/Kg bw/day (Sutou et al. 1980 as cited in Sample et al. 1996)

• Lead: 5 mg/Kg bw/day (Horwitt and Cowgill 1971)

• Zinc: 45 mg/Kg bw/day (Schlicker and Cox 1968 as cited in Sample et al. 1996)

Risk of adverse effect was characterized using the hazard quotient approach (HQ)(USEPA

1997b). The HQ is the ratio of estimated site exposure to the TRY (i.e. [site exposure] / [TRY]). An HQ

greater than 1 indicates site exposures that exceed the TRY. NOAELs represent concentrations below

those expected to elicit adverse effects; the threshold exposure for inducing effects is higher than the

NOAEL and lies between it and the LOAEL. Since the TRVs used in this characterization are based on

NOAELs for sublethal systemic or reproductive effects and chronic exposure durations, an HQ less than 1

is indicative of conditions under which no effects are expected. The conservatism of using NOAEL-

14

based TRVs is compounded by that associated with the exposure estimation methods (i.e., 100 percent

bioavailability, 100 percent site use).

Exposures and risk were estimated for ingestion of cadmium, lead, and zinc in Reaches 0, 1,2,

and 3. The exposure point concentrations in forage plants and soil were assumed to be the mean +1

standard error for each reach (Tables 4 and 5). Since the exposure and risk estimates are based on

conservative, screening-level assumptions, this approach is consistent with the methods used to

characterize injury to plants in floodplain soils.

Calculations and HQs are shown in Table 6, and HQs are summarized in Figure 4. No HQs

exceeded 0.6 for any metal or reach, indicating that exposures are not expected to exceed NOAELs. This

result can be further interpreted as indicating a very low likelihood of injury to ungulates feeding in the

11-Mile Reach, and an even lower likelihood of significant injury or adverse effects on local populations.

4.2.3 Conclusions - Large Mammals

Data on metal concentrations in vegetation suggest that ruminant herbivores such as mule deer

and elk are at some risk from cadmium concentrations in vegetation that exceed the lower range of

recommended levels (0.5 mg/Kg) for livestock (NAS 1980; Church 1988; Eisler 2000). However,

Church (1988) also indicates that cattle are not affected by cadmium concentrations of 3-5 mg/Kg,

suggesting that this range may be more appropriate for characterizing injury. Although cadmium

concentration tend to be higher in samples from downstream reaches, cadmium concentrations in grasses

and forbs from Reach 1, 2, and 3 are not significantly higher than Reach 0 samples, suggesting that the

risk of injury in downstream reaches may not be greater than baseline. Estimations of cadmium intake

from ingestion of forage and soils from each reach do not exceed NOAEL-based TRVs for mammals,

even when conservative screening-level assumptions are used to estimate intake.

Results from small mammals data also suggests that risk of injury to large mammals is minimal.

Small mammals occupy much more restricted home ranges than larger, more mobile species. Therefore,

individuals that occupy contaminated areas experience much longer duration exposures. The lack of

effects observed in small mammals from Reach 2 and the Superfund site suggests that larger species are

not at risk.

15

As noted above, this approach is not a direct measure of injury to large mammals. Rather, it

helps characterize the potential for injury based on application of general toxicological information to site

conditions. Conservative assumptions were used in the exposure and risk estimation process to minimize

the likelihood that the risk of injury is underestimated. The effects of this conservatism are illustrated by

comparing the estimates of exposure and risk generated by EPA in the site wide ERA (USEPA 1997), to

the actual effects described in this document. EPA's assessments shows hazard indices between 10 and

100 in Reach 1 and 2. However, the exposure assessment presented above, combined with information

on small mammals, is not consistent with significant risk to mammalian wildlife in the 11-Mile Reach.

Taken together, these results suggest that individual ruminants are not likely to be injured in the

11-Mile Reach unless they feed exclusively in the areas of highest contamination. Elk and deer

populations that utilize the 11-Mile Reach are not likely to be injured due to the small proportion of the

11-Mile Reach that is covered by mine wastes and the fact that they do not continually utilize the

contaminated areas.

16

5.0 REFERENCES

Alldredge, A.W., J.F. Lipscomb, and F.W. Wicker. 1974. Forage intake rates of mule deer estimatedwith fallout cesium-137. J. Wildl. Manage. 38:508-816.

Beyer, W.N., G Heinz, and A. W. Redmond-Norwood (Editors). 1996. Environmental Contaminants inWildlife: Interpreting Tissue Concentrations. SETAC Special Publication Series. LewisPublishers.

Beyer, W.N., E.E. Connor, and S. Gerould. 1994. Estimates of soil ingestion by wildlife. J. Wildl.Manage. 58:375-382.

Church, D.C. 1988. The Ruminant Animal-Digestive Physiology and Nutrition. Prentice Hall, NewJersey.

Cooke, J.A. and M.S. Johnson. 1996. Cadmium in small mammals. In: Environmental Contaminants inWildlife: Interpreting Tissue Concentrations. Beyer, W.N., G.H. Heinz, and A.W. Redmon-Norwood (eds.). SETAC Special Publication Series. Lewis Publishers.

Eisler, R. 2000. Handbook of Chemical Risk Assessment: Health Hazards to Humans, Plants, andAnimals. Volume 1 Metals, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 738 pp.

Eisler, R. 1985. Cadmium hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review. U.S. Fish andWildlife Service, Biological Report 85(1.2) 46 pp.

Eisler, R. 1988. Lead Hazards to Fish Wildlife And Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review. U.S. Fish andWildlife Service, Biological Report 85 (1.14) 134 pp.

Eisler, R. 1993. Zinc Hazards to Fish Wildlife And Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review. U.S. Fish andWildlife Service, Biological Report 10, 106 pp.

Fitzgerald, J.P., C.A. Meaney, and D.M. Armstrong. 1994. Mammals of Colorado. Denver Museum ofNatural History, University Press of Colorado 467 pp.

Franson, J.C. 1996 . Cadmium in small mammals. In: Environmental Contaminants in Wildlife:Interpreting Tissue Concentrations. Beyer, W.N., G.H. Heinz, and A.W. Redmond-Norwood(eds.). SETAC Special Publication Series. Lewis Publishers.

Hoffman, D.J., B.A. Rartner, G.A. Burton Jr., J. Cairns Jr. (Editors). 1995. Handbook of Ecotoxicology.CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida.

Horwitt, M.K., and C.R. Cowgill. 1931. The effects of ingested lead on the organism: H. Studies on thedog. J. Pharmacol. Exper. Therapy. 66:289-301.

Keammerer, W. 1987. Vegetation Studies in the Upper Arkansas River. Unpublished data collected forAsarco.

Levy, D. E., K.A. Barbarick, E.G. Seimer, L.E. Somers. 1992. Distribution and Partitioning of TraceMetals in Contaminated Soils Near Leadville, CO. J. Environ. Quality 21:185-195.

17

Ma, W., and S. Talmage. 2001. Insectivora. In: Ecotoxicology of Wild Mammals. Shore, R.F. and B.A.Rattner (eds.)- pp!23-158. Ecological and Environmental Toxicology Series. John Wiley andSons LtD, West Sussex, England.

Ma, W. 1996. Lead in mammals. In: Environmental Contaminants in Wildlife: Interpreting TissueConcentrations. Beyer, W.N., G.H. Heinz, and A.W. Redmon-Norwood (eds.). pp. 281-296.SETAC Special Publication Series. Lewis Publishers.

NAS. 1980. Mineral Tolerance of Domestic Animals. National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C.577pp.

Klaasen, C.D. 1995. Casarett and Doulls Toxicology, the Basic Science of Poisons, 5th edition. McGraw-Hill Health Professions Division.

Sample, B.E., D.M. Opresko, and G.W. Suter II. 1996. Toxicological benchmarks for wildlife. 1996revision. Prepared for the US Department of Energy by Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc.ES/ER/TM-86/R3.

Schlicker, S. A. and D. H. Cox. 1968. Maternal dietary zinc, and development and zinc, iron, andcopper content of the rat fetus. J. Nutr. 95: 287-294.

Shore, R.F. and B. A. Rattner (Editors). 2001. Ecotoxicology of Wild Mammals. John Wiley and Sons,West Sussex, England.

Shore, R.F. and P.E.T. Douben. 1994. The Ecotoxicological Significance of Cadmium Intake andResidues in Terrestrial Small Mammals. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 29:101-113.

Spraker, T. 2001. Personal Communication with Dr. Terry Spraker, Pathologist, Veterinary TeachingHospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Sutou, S., K. Yamamoto, H. Sendota, and M. Sugiyama. 1980. Toxicity, fertility, teratogenicity, anddominant lethal tests in rats administered cadmium subchronically. I. Fertility, teratogenicity,anddominant lethal tests. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety. 4:51-56.

S.M. Stoller Corporation, 1996. Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment, Operable Unit No. 4,California Gulch Superfund Site. Prepared for Resurrection Mining Company, December 19,1996.

USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1993. Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook.Volume II. " USEPA/600/R93/187b, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.

USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1997a. Ecological Risk Assessment for theTerrestrial Ecosystem, California Gulch NPL Site. Prepared for USEPA by Roy F. Weston, Inc.and Terra Technologies. January.

USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1997b. Ecological Risk Assessment Guidancefor Superfund: Process for Designing and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments.Environmental Response Team, Edison, NJ. Interim Final. June 5, 1997.

WCC (Woodward Clyde Consultants). 1993. Terrestrial Ecosystem Evaluation Report California GulchSite, Leadville, Colorado. Prepared for ASARCO Inc., Denver, CO.

18

ATTACHMENT A

QUESTIONS FROM THE MOU PARTIES REGARDING TERRESTRIAL WILDLIFE

1. Clarify difference between literature benchmarks indicating injury and literature benchmarks

indicating risk of injury, (i.e. : the difference between tissue residues that results in effects vs.

soil/vegetation residues that pose a risk of injury)

2. Explain how the existing small mammal data can be used as an indicator of overall mammalian

population health (i.e. based on small mammal life history, they could represent a worst-case

scenario for all mammals) or explain if such an extrapolation is not appropriate.

3. Discuss the representativeness of using the existing small mammal data (primarily herbivores) to

extrapolate to other small mammals (i.e. insect!vores).

4. Explain the selection and application of specific benchmarks and why they are applicable to the

Upper Arkansas River Basin.

5. Explain how the actual injury data is used in conjunction with benchmarks.

6. Present the range of benchmark values considered, their effects, and the basis for choosing

specific ones.

7. Potential shortcomings of Woodward-Clyde not having sent the kidneys from the small mammal

study to the pathologist

8. Discussion of other factors that affect/influence metals exposure and (i.e., species, home range,

diet, etc)

9. How will soil ingestion by mammals be evaluated as a route of exposure?

10. Explain why co-location of Woodward-Clyde samples is a legitimate (conservative ?) approach

19

Table 1. Number and Type of Vole and Short-Tailed Weasel Tissue Samples from Reach 2(WCC 1993).

Tissue

voleLiver

Kidneyshort-tailedweaselLiver

Kidney

Number ofIndividualSamples

21

22

Number ofCompositeSamples

11

00

Number ofIndividuals in EachComposite Sample

44

00

Total numberof Samples

32

22

TotalNumber of

Animals

65

22

Table 2. Number and Type of Vole Tissue Samples from Reach 0 (WCC 1993).

Tissue

LiverKidney

Number ofIndividualSamples

00

Number ofComposite

Samples33

Number ofIndividuals in EachComposite Sample

10,10,610,10,6

Total numberof Samples

33

TotalNumber of

Animals2626

Table 3. Recommended Metal Concentrations in Forage Protective of Wildlife and Livestock (unitsmg/Kg)

Metal and Criterion UseCadmium

'Maximum tolerated1

Maximum exposure w/o effectMild renal dysfunction

Lead

Zinc

Recommended levels

Recommended range for livestockMaximum tolerated

ruminantsruminants

small mammals

horsescattle

calvesadult cattle

Concentration

0.53-510

<80<200

45-60500 (DW)

1,000(DW)

Reference

Church (1988)it ii

Cooke & Johnson (1996)

Eisler(1988)

Eisler(1988)

Table 4Plant Tissue Metal Concentrations for Grasses and Forbs (reported on a dry-weight basis) from Sites Sampled

along the Arkansas River '

Reach

0

1

2

3

Cadmium(mg/kg)

Grasses1

0.8(±1.3)

2.2(+0.2)

1.6(±0.9)

1.6(±0.4)

Forbs2

3.8(+0.87)

4.6(+1.4)

3.4(±3.5)

6.4(±1.1)

Copper(mg/kg)

Grasses5.1

(+0.6)4.6

(+0.4)4.9

(±1.8)6.4

(±0.6)

Forbs11.2

(+3.9)10.3(±2)7.7

(±4-8)18.9

(±1-6)

Lead(mg/kg)

Grasses0.1(+0)12.2

(+5.2)9

(±7)4.5

(±2.8)

Forbs2.9

(+1.6)19.8

(+8.3)13.1(±24)0.1(±0)

Zinc(mg/kg)

Grasses82

(+17.3)153

(+71)147

(±223)239

(±79)

Forbs255

(+72)248

(+74)186

(+315)394

(±98)

n 3

9

7

8

8

'Means and standard errors (±1 s.e.) for sites sampled in 1987.

The dietary concentration of cadmium that has been set as the maximum tolerable level for ruminants is 0.5 mg/kg (Church1988). This concentration is exceeded for both grasses and forbs. This is most likely a result of the generally highermineralization and metal content associated with soils in this region and does not translate to an injury to terrestrial trustresources. True toxicity to ruminants can only be determined with diet, physiological, and pathological studies of grazing animals.3 n = number of samples

Table 5Soil Metal Concentrations (total) for Sites Sampled along the

Arkansas River'

Reach

0

1

2

3

Cadmium(mg/kg)

Copper(mg/kg)

Total Total

3.3(±0.57)

13.5(±5.7)15.4

(+3.9)7.4

(±2-9)

29.9(±7.3)192

(±115)51.4(±15)58.5(±31)

Lead(mg/kg)Total

238(±45)3,990

(+1,212)675

(+241)626

(+435)

Zinc(mg/kg)Total

428(±75)3,142

(+2,385)1180

(±451)959

(+407)

in

9

7

8

81 Means and standard errors (±1 s.e.) for sites sampled in 1987 byKeammerer.2 n = number of samples

App J tables_and figsrev.xls Tble 4&510/29/2002

Table 6. Screening Level Exposure and Risk Estimates for Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc by Mule Deer,Upper Arkansas River Drainage Study Area

Chemical

Vegetation

ce-n <= „ S.O •- ,-* O 52 mO Wl ^ O fc -^

U_ 0> ^ U_ ° -^

-n f! P ifo ? § o > r a p i r a . SO.H' u.^ u_c u_co

TJ

8s;

Inta

ke fr

om F

(mg/

kg b

w/d

a

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Risk Estimate

TRVNOAEL

(mg/kgbw/day) HQ

REACH 0

Cadmium

Lead

Zinc

4.7 0.02 100% 100%

4.5 0.02 100% 100%

327.0 0.02 100% 100%

0.09

0.09

6.5

3.87 0.0004 100% 100%

283 0.0004 100% 100%

503 0.0004 100% 100%

0.002

0.1

0.2

0.0006 0.1 100% 100%

0.001 0.1 100% 100%

0.03 0.1 100% 100%

0.000

0

0.003

0.10

0.20

6.74

0.27

5

45

0.4

0.04

0.1

REACH 1

Cadmium

Lead

Zinc

6.0 0.02 100% 100%

28.1 0.02 100% 100%

322.0 0.02 100% 100%

0.12

0.6

6.4

19.2

5202

5527

0.0004 100% 100%

0.0004 100% 100%

0.0004 100% 100%

0.01 0.002 0.1 100% 100%

2.1 0.02 0.1 100% 100%

2.2 | 0.8 0.1 100% 100%

0.000

0.002

0.08

0.13

2.65

8.73

0.27

5

45

0.5

0.5

0.2

REACH 2

Cadmium

Lead

Zinc

6.9 0.02 100% 100%

37.1 0.02 100% 100%

501.0 0.02 100% 100%

0.14

0.7

10.0

19.3

916

1631

0.0004 100% 100%

0.0004 100% 100%

0.0004 100% 100%

0.01

0.4

0.7

0.0008 0.1 100% 100%

0.004 0.1 100% 100%

0.2 0.1 100% 100%

0.000

0

0.02

0.15

1.11

10.69

0.27

5

45

0.5

0.2

0.2

REACH 3

Cadmium

Lead

Zinc

7.5 0.02 100% 100%

0.10 0.02 100% 100%

492.0 0.02 100% 100%

0.15

0.00

9.8

10.3

1061

1366

0.0004 100% 100%

0.0004 100% 100%

0.0004 100% 100%

0.004

0.4

0.5

0.0001 0.1 100% 100%

0.008 0.1 100% 100%

0.2 0.1 100% 100%

0.000

0.001

0.02

0.15

0.43

10.41

0.27

5

45

0.6

0.09

0.2

1 Mean + 1 standard error from Table 22 From Table 3.3 Values are mean total concentrations for low flow, 1994 to present (Period 3)

Figure 1. Cadmium Residues in Kidney Samples from the Upper Arkansas River Area

800 -i

700 -

C- 600 -I

500 -

en

400 -03

c 300 -uo0 200

100

Effects-based benchmarks from Cooke & Johnson (1996) shown as horizontal lines.

L

Reach 0(mean+sd)

(WCC 1993)

LOAEL (proteinuria in rodents)

LOAEL (tubular dysfunction in rodents)

Critical Cone.

NOAEL (proteinuria, cellnecrosis in rodents)

Reach 1 (max)(WCC 1993)

Site Data

Upper Cal Glch (max fromcontaminated area)

(Stoller1996)

SMtissue1figs.xls Cd dose10/29/2002

Figure 2. Lead Residues in Kidney and Liver and Associated Effects

Effects-based benchmarks from Ma (1S96) shown as horizontal lines

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SM Eisxuo1figs.xls Pb dose10/29/2002

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Figure 3Cadmium Concentration in Grasses and Forbs, UAR

(mean + std error)

• Reach 0

• Reach 1

D Reach 2D Reach 3

Grasses Forbs

App_J_tables and figs.xls Fig 3

Figure 4. Hazard Quotients for Mule Deer Feeding in Upper Arkansas River Drainage StudyArea

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