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Mean ± Sd, range Mean ± Sd, range Mann-Whitney U value,
p-value:
Palm
clumps
2.51 ± 7.32,
0.00 - 43.00
5.06 ± 7.04,
0.00 - 32.00
W = 1302,
p <0.001
Palm stems 5.59 ± 14.97,
0.00 - 69.00
13.55 ± 24.52,
0.00 - 96.00
W = 1298,
p <0.001
Mean stems
per clump
1.45 ± 7.24,
0.00 - 9.75
1.33 ± 2.12,
0.00 - 9.40
W = 1292,
p <0.001
Palm
seedlings
23.89 ± 72.96,
0.00 - 389.00
62.42 ± 120.53,
0.00 - 613.00
W = 1292,
p = 0.001
Palm cover 14.14 ± 33.01,
0.00 - 100.00
40.00 ± 44.02,
0.00 - 100.00
W = 1321,
p <0.001
Tree fern
saplings
3.68 ± 3.62,
0.00 - 13.00
2.36 ± 4.09,
0.00 - 16.00
W = 671
p = 0.019
Juvenile
tree ferns
1.33 ± 1.73,
0.00 - 9.00
1.18 ± 2.39,
0.00 - 11.00
W = 779,
p = 0.14
Mature tree
ferns
2.43 ± 2.21,
0.00 - 9.00
1.88 ± 2.15,
0.00 - 7.00
W = 761,
p = 0.13
Tree fern
cover (%)
36.32 ± 28.82,
0.00 - 90.00
26.67 ± 29.65,
0.00 - 100.00
W = 757,
p = 0.12
Min tree
fern height
0.47 ± 0.92,
0.00 - 8.00
0.22 ± 0.59,
0.00 - 3.00
W = 564,
p = 0.0012
Max tree
fern height
2.96 ± 2.06,
0.00 - 8.00
2.11 ± 1.93,
0.00 - 8.00
W = 693,
p = 0.038
Mean tree
fern height
1.96 ± 1.54, 1.49 ± 1.31, W = 798.7,
0.00 - 6.00 0.00 - 5.50 p = 0.23
Tree fern
volume
0.06 ± 0.24,
0.00 - 1.79
0.01 ± 0.02,
0.00 - 0.13
W = 735,
p = 0.085
Elevation 173.50 ± 40.14,
79.00 - 267.00
178.10 ± 28.35,
118.00 - 230.00
W = 1054,
p = 0.35
Slope 18.22 ± 13.36,
0.40 - 45.50
13.12 ±14.56,
0.00 - 55.00
W = 713,
p = 0.057
Canopy
cover
56.49 ± 19.41,
20.00 - 90.00
57.27 ± 22.54,
20.00 - 90.00
W = 987,
p = 0.70
Canopy
height
22.93 ± 5.60,
12.00 - 37.00
29.72 ± 4.39,
20.00 - 40.00
W = 713,
p <0.001
Percent
exotic
volume
12.42 ± 31.59,
0.00 - 100.00
67.94 ± 42.65,
0.00 - 100.00
W = 1523.5,
p <0.001
Distance to
watercourse
55.79 ± 57.02,
1.00 - 241.00
55.25 ± 57.72,
1.00 - 253.00
W = 931,
p = 0.94
Distance to
nearest
forest edge
136.60 ± 103.45,
5.00 - 432.00
101.20 ± 97.07,
2.00 - 419.00
W = 767,
p = 0.151
Distance to
nearest
introduction
1632.20 ± 498.58,
576.80 - 2536.80
1091.40 ± 713.21,
150.70 - 2818.10
W = 500,
p <0.001
S4 - Spearman correlation coefficients among explanatory variables
Table 4. Spearman correlation coefficients (ρ) for the explanatory variables measured in 90, 25 m2 plots surveyed in Colo-i-Suva Forest Park and Savura Forest
Reserve, on Viti Levu, Fiji.
P-values were obtained at a 95% confidence interval (p <0.05).
Elevation Slope Canopy height Canopy cover Distance to
nearest
watercourse
Distance to nearest
forest edge
Distance to nearest
introduction site
Elevation 1 ρ = -7.2 x 10-3,
p = 0.95
ρ = 0.12,
p = 0.28
ρ = -1.0 x 10-3,
p = 0.86
ρ = 0.27,
p <0.001
ρ = -2.6 x 10-2,
p = 0.82
ρ = -0.35,
p <0.001
Slope 1 ρ = -0.11,
p = 0.30
ρ = 0.14,
p = 0.15
ρ = 4.5 x 10-2,
p = 0.68
ρ = 0.13,
p = 0.24
ρ = 0.07,
p = 0.51
Canopy height 1 ρ = -4.9 x 10-2,
p = 0.64
ρ = 6.1 x 10-2,
p = 0.57
ρ = 4.4 x 10-2,
p = 0.68
ρ = -0.46,
p = <0.001
Canopy cover 1 ρ = 0.052,
p = 0.63
ρ = 6.4 x 10-2,
p = 0.55
ρ = 0.25,
p = 0.02
Distance to nearest
watercourse
1 ρ = -0.11,
p = 0.32
ρ = 5.9 x 10-2,
p = 0.58
Distance to nearest
forest edge
1 ρ = 1.8 x 10-2,
p = 0.87
Distance to nearest
introduction site
1
S5 - Species list of the trees present in the survey
Table 5. The tree species present with a DBH ≥ 0.1 metre in 90, 25 m2 plots surveyed in Colo-i-Suva
Forest Park and Savura Forest Reserve, on Viti Levu, Fiji.