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Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
• How could developing a new system How could developing a new system change the way an organization works?change the way an organization works?
• How can a company make sure that the How can a company make sure that the new information systems it develops fit its new information systems it develops fit its business plan?business plan?
• What are the steps required to develop a What are the steps required to develop a new information system?new information system?
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
• What alternative methods for developing What alternative methods for developing information systems are available?information systems are available?
• Are there any techniques or system-Are there any techniques or system-building approaches to help us develop building approaches to help us develop e-commerce and e-business applications e-commerce and e-business applications more rapidly?more rapidly?
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
1.1. Major risks and uncertainties in Major risks and uncertainties in systems developmentsystems development
2.2. Determining when new systems and Determining when new systems and business processes can have the business processes can have the greatest strategic impactgreatest strategic impact
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
Business Process ReengineeringBusiness Process Reengineering
• Reorganizes work flows, combining Reorganizes work flows, combining steps to eliminate redundant paper-steps to eliminate redundant paper-intensive tasksintensive tasks
• Large payoff from IT investment if Large payoff from IT investment if processes are redesigned before processes are redesigned before applying technologyapplying technology
10.2 BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING AND PROCESS IMPROVEMENT
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
Workflow ManagementWorkflow Management
• Streamlining business procedures Streamlining business procedures so that documents can be moved so that documents can be moved easily from one location to anothereasily from one location to another
10.2 BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING AND PROCESS IMPROVEMENT
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
• Senior management needs to develop Senior management needs to develop broad strategic vision broad strategic vision
• Management must understand and Management must understand and measure performance of existing measure performance of existing processes as baselineprocesses as baseline
• Information technology should be allowed Information technology should be allowed to influence process design from startto influence process design from start
• IT infrastructure should be able to support IT infrastructure should be able to support business process changes business process changes
Steps in Effective Re-engineering
10.2 BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING AND PROCESS IMPROVEMENT
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
Process Improvement: Total Quality Management (TQM) and Six Sigma
10.2 BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING AND PROCESS IMPROVEMENT
Total Quality Management (TQM)Total Quality Management (TQM)• A concept that makes quality control a A concept that makes quality control a
responsibility to be shared by all people in responsibility to be shared by all people in an organizationan organization
Six SigmaSix Sigma• A specific measure of quality representing A specific measure of quality representing
3.4 defects per million opportunities3.4 defects per million opportunities• Used to designate a set of methodologies Used to designate a set of methodologies
and techniques for improving quality and and techniques for improving quality and reducing costsreducing costs
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
How Information Systems Support How Information Systems Support Quality ImprovementsQuality Improvements• Simplify product or production processSimplify product or production process• Enable benchmarkingEnable benchmarking• Use customer demands as guide to Use customer demands as guide to
improving products and servicesimproving products and services• Reduce cycle timeReduce cycle time• Improve quality and precision of designImprove quality and precision of design• Increase precision of productionIncrease precision of production
Process Improvement: Total Quality Management (TQM) and Six Sigma
10.2 BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING AND PROCESS IMPROVEMENT
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
Systems AnalysisSystems Analysis• Analysis of a problem that the Analysis of a problem that the
organization will try to solve with an organization will try to solve with an information systeminformation system
Feasibility StudyFeasibility Study• Part of systems analysis processPart of systems analysis process• Way to determine whether the solution is Way to determine whether the solution is
achievable, given the organization’s achievable, given the organization’s resources and constraintsresources and constraints
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
Establishing Information RequirementsEstablishing Information Requirements• Detailed statement of the information Detailed statement of the information
needs that the new system must satisfyneeds that the new system must satisfy
• Identifying who needs what information, Identifying who needs what information, and when, where, and how the and when, where, and how the information is neededinformation is needed
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
• Details how a system will meet the Details how a system will meet the information requirements as determined by information requirements as determined by systems analysissystems analysis
• Specifications for the system solutionSpecifications for the system solution
• Should reflect user business priorities and Should reflect user business priorities and information needsinformation needs
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
Systems Development LifecycleSystems Development Lifecycle• Traditional methodology for developing Traditional methodology for developing
information systeminformation system• Partitions systems development process Partitions systems development process
into formal stages that must be completed into formal stages that must be completed sequentiallysequentially
• Formal division of labour between end Formal division of labour between end users and information system specialistsusers and information system specialists
• Set of prewritten, precoded application Set of prewritten, precoded application software programs commercially available software programs commercially available for sale or leasefor sale or lease
CustomizationCustomization
• Modification of software package to meet Modification of software package to meet organization’s unique requirements without organization’s unique requirements without destroying the software’s integritydestroying the software’s integrity
• Detailed list of questions submitted to Detailed list of questions submitted to vendors of software or other servicesvendors of software or other services
• Determines how well vendor’s product Determines how well vendor’s product can meet organization’s specific can meet organization’s specific requirementsrequirements
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
• Development of information systems by Development of information systems by end users with little or no formal end users with little or no formal assistance from technical specialistsassistance from technical specialists
• Allows users to specify their own Allows users to specify their own business needs business needs
End-User Development10.4 ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM-BUILDING APPROACHES
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
• Practice of contracting computer centre Practice of contracting computer centre operations, telecommunications operations, telecommunications networks, or applications development to networks, or applications development to external vendorsexternal vendors
Outsourcing10.4 ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM-BUILDING APPROACHES
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
• System modelled as a collection of System modelled as a collection of objects and relationships between themobjects and relationships between them
• Iterative and incrementalIterative and incremental
• Shifts focus from modelling business Shifts focus from modelling business processes and data to combining data processes and data to combining data and procedures to create objectsand procedures to create objects
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
RADRAD• Process for developing systems in short time Process for developing systems in short time
period period • Uses prototyping, fourth-generation tools, and Uses prototyping, fourth-generation tools, and
close teamwork close teamwork
JAD: Joint Application DesignJAD: Joint Application Design• Process to accelerate the generation of Process to accelerate the generation of
information requirements by having end users information requirements by having end users and IS specialists work together in intensive and IS specialists work together in intensive iterative sessionsiterative sessions
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
• Software components deliverable over Software components deliverable over Internet Internet
• Enable one application to communicate Enable one application to communicate with another with no translation requiredwith another with no translation required
• Standards and protocols: XML, SOAP, Standards and protocols: XML, SOAP, WSDL, UDDIWSDL, UDDI
Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition
Chapter 10: Systems DevelopmentChapter 10: Systems Development
• E-commerce and e-business require E-commerce and e-business require systems planning and systems analysis systems planning and systems analysis based on a broader view of organizationbased on a broader view of organization