100BPls(2)

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)

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The 100 BestLandscape Plants &How to Use Them

AN INTERACTIVE GUIE !"R GARENER#

"N #"UTHERN VANC"UVER I#LAN &

THE #"UTH$%E#T C"A#T"!

BRITI#H C"LUBIA

'oseph E !asc(an( a)tho*

%(th open so)*ced photos o+ plants and ,a*densas +o)nd on the Inte*net- and (ncl)d(n, those de.eloped /

The Ho*t(c)lt)*e Cent*e o+ the Pac(c202 3)ale Road- #aan(ch- BC

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%E#TERN RE CEAR- THU4A PLICATA

PRE!ACE

Altho),h I came to the Inte*net late (n m l(+e- I enth)s(ast(call em/*aced (t ea*l on +o*what I saw as (ts most )n(5)e +eat)*e- that o+ (nte*act(.(t /etween w*(te* and a)d(ence6 !o*the *st t(me (n h)man h(sto*- w*(te*s co)ld /e (n an (nt(mate *elat(onsh(p w(th the(* *eade*sand- whe*e (t was *ele.ant- *ece(.e +eed/ac7 to (nco*po*ate (nto an e.e*$(mp*o.ed p*od)ct-s)ch as th(s one (s meant to /e6

A+te* I closed m n)*se*- Il G(a*d(no R)st(co- on Bo8(n, a 1999- (t seemed to me thatthe )n(.e*se had dec(ded I sho)ld /ecome st*on,e* than e.e* /e+o*e- so (t set a/o)t to testme (n an endless .a*(et o+ was and means6 Howe.e*- as Hea.en loo7s a+te* (d(ots and/a/(es $$and we all 7now I:m no lon,e* an (n+ant$$ we can concl)de that as a sel+$emploed(d(ot I was +a.o)*ed / (ts ,*ace- o.e* and o.e* a,a(n6

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%hen I opened m *st Island n)*se* at the Red Ba*n a*7et on %est #aan(ch Road (n1992- I also cont(n)ed wo*7 on a new tpe o+ ,a*den landscape ,)(de- one I /el(e.ed waslon, o.e*d)e6 Its ,oal was s(mple; to ma7e the c*eat(on o* *enewal o+ ,a*dens andlandscapes a +a* s(mple* and mo*e pleas)*a/le p*ocess than (t had h(sto*(call /een6 T(tled:The 100 Best Plants and How to Use Them:- (t wo)ld /ecome the ne8t G*eat P*o<ect (n ml(+e a+te* the n)*se*6

It was *st /e,)n (n the ea*l 19=0s- when I c*eated and ope*ated Valle LandscapeN)*se*- (n %(nlaw- BC- located (n the m(ddle o+ the #locan Vall- e5)(d(stant +*om Nelsonand Castle,a*- BC- the two ma<o* towns nea*est (t6 Th(s soon ,*ew (nto m l(+e>s *st G*eatP*o<ect? / the t(me I closed (t (n 19=@- (t had ,*own (nto the la*,est n)*se* (n all o+ #o)th$Easte*n BC- w(th the 0 ac*e *eta(l and wholesale n)*se*(es at home (n %(nlaw- anothe* *eta(l,a*den cent*e (n Castle,a*- and th*ee sto*es (n a +*anch(se a**an,ement wh(ch co.e*edNelson- BC- aslo- BC- and New en.e*- BC6

In the nea*l th(*t ea*s s(nce then I>.e also pe*sonall e.ol.ed to *eect the e.e*$chan,(n, en.(*onments (n wh(ch I +o)nd msel+ and to the same de,*ee- so d(d the G*eatP*o<ect6 I now +eel as (+ I:.e /een p*e,nant w(th (t all these ea*s- and loo7 +o*wa*d to (ts

com(n, del(.e*- as (t w(ll /e m del(.e*ance as wellD Howe.e*- the pace o+ m da(l l(+e wasalso e.e*$5)(c7en(n,- and I had to p)t (t on hold )nt(l someth(n, came alon, to accele*ate (tscompos(t(on6

That e.ent too7 place at Ch*(stmas- 00- when m oldest da),hte*- Lela G !asc(an(-(ns(sted I lea*n to )se the comp)te* she ,(+ted me to ente* the 1st cent)* w(th he*6 It>sonl ta7en anothe* ten ea*s +o* me to /ecome adept eno),h on m most *ecent (te*at(ono+ onste*- as I name all m comp)te*s- now an (ac w(th a t*)l monste* @F sc*een6

Then came the select(on o+ a +o*mat o* stle that wo)ld /est s)(t the G*eat P*o<ect6 I nallsettled on c*eat(n, what I /el(e.e (s the wo*ld:s *st (nte*act(.e ,a*den(n, ,)(de- one wh(ch*st enco)*a,es and then see7s (ts ,a*dene*$*eade*:s +eed/ac7 and (np)t6 The (ntent (s toc*eate a p*act(cal ,a*den(n, man)al that (s pe*+ectl att)ned to /oth o)* stle and o)*s)/stance on Vanco).e* Island- as well as #% B*(t(sh Col)m/(a- a7a the Lowe* a(nland6

The *eason +o* the 100 co)nt (s that (n m +t ea*s (n.ol.ement (n Ho*t(c)lt)*e as a,*owe* and selle*- (t ,*ad)all came to m attent(on that as m)ch as I ma /e enth)s(ast(co.e* a new c)lt(.a* o* (nt*od)ct(on- 90 pe*cent o+ m cl(ents s(mpl wanted the /est plant+o* the(* spec(c p)*pose6 The lamp came on +o* me a/o)t twent$.e ea*s a,o- when anew c)stome* came (nto o)* n)*se* see7(n, a at /l)e <)n(pe*- s)(ta/le as a ,*o)ndco.e**eplacement +o* a lawn6

I p*o)dl wal7ed h(m th*o),h o)* .e ac*e sales a*d- /*o),ht h(m to the /l)e sect(on o+m <)n(pe* d(spla- and wa.ed m hand o.e* the select(on; He*e o) a*e- s(8teen .a*(et(esto choose +*omDF He s)*.eed the lot- and then t)*ned to +ace me; B)t I onl need one- sonow I>m REALL4 con+)sed6F "+ co)*se m p*(de (n a w(de select(on was 5)(c7l deated /h(s s(n,le$p)*posed need- and I too7 (t to hea*t then and the*e- that (n +)t)*e I>d /e s)*e toonl ha.e the /est$o+$the$/est6

Ta7(n, a c)e +*om Ga* alone- a p*om(nent /)s(nessman- owne* o+ alone G (nCastle,a*- and a ma<o* cl(ent o+ m(ne at that t(me- I *e.(ewed what people tp(call /*o),htto me as the(* ch(e+ conce*ns and *e5)(*ements6 These we*e soon *ed)ced to the +ollow(n,;

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16 The plant sho)ld oe* as m)ch (nte*est as poss(/le (n e(the* +o*m- te8t)*e- owe*(n,- o*+ol(a,e6

6 It m)st /e as low ma(ntenance as poss(/le- cons(stent w(th ,ood appea*ance66 It sho)ld /e h(,hl (nsect and d(sease *es(stant- so as to *e5)(*e m(n(m)m a+te*ca*e6

J6 It m)st *e5)(*e l(ttle p*)n(n,- and (+ (t does- then as an ann)al e.ent- not se.e*al t(mes aea*626 !(nall- (t sho)ld not /e o.e*l e8ot(c- so (+ one o* two pe*(sh the can /e *ead(l *eplaced

to *ec*eate the des(*ed landscape n(shed appea*ance6

C*eat(n, th(s l(st was the eas(est pa*t; now came the challen,e (n dete*m(n(n, wh(ch oneswe*e he*oes- and then asce*ta(n(n, the(* a.a(la/(l(t6 The /est plant (n the wo*ld won>t /em)ch ,ood to )s (+ we ha.e to wa(t s(8 months o* mo*e +o* (t- o* (+ (t *e5)(*es so m)ch p*(madonna attent(on that (t ensla.es )s to en<o onl a +ew das o* wee7s o+ (ts pe*+ect(on6

It too7 th*ee ea*s mo*e to ne$t)ne the select(on and p)t (t on an (nde8 ca*d le sstem6 ')st when I was *ead to sta*t- an oppo*t)n(t a*ose +o* me to ac5)(*e a m)ch /ette* s(te +o*

the n)*se* $$wh(ch s)cceeded +a* /eond what I e8pected$$ so that *elocat(on eect(.elp)t an end to the G*eat P*o<ect +o* se.e*al ea*s6

To /ette* atta(n th(s ne$t)ned o.e*.(ew o+ o)* local ,a*den(n, en.(*onment- we wo*7 w(ththe Ho*t(c)lt)*al Cent*e o+ the Pac(c to (ncl)de as man o+ (ts plants and ,a*den /eds asposs(/le6 Howe.e*- as th(s (s (n(t(all w*(tten at the nad(* o+ o)* ,a*den ea*- as well as the*an,e o+ the plants chosen- (t (s (mposs(/le to assem/le all we need on o)* own6 Th(s (swhe*e o) can ma7e o)* )n(5)e cont*(/)t(on6

As I w*ote a/o.e- (n t(me th(s wo*7 w(ll /e a Vanco).e* Island co$ope*at(.e eo*t +o* all(n.ol.ed6 Indeed- lon, a+te* I:m planted (t w(ll o)*(sh and /loom- the nest ,a*den andlandscape ,)(de e.e*- /eca)se o+ o)* (np)t6

ost espec(all- whate.e* photo,*aph(c cont*(/)t(ons o) ma7e w(ll /e ,*ate+)llac7nowled,ed (n the C*ed(ts- and o):ll ha.e the pleas)*e o+ 7now(n, o) made a ma*7 (nthe h(sto* o+ V(cto*(a and (ts ,a*dens6

!(nall- I dec(ded to /*(n, /ac7 the 19th cent)* Ge*man de.(ce 7nown as a dend*oscope-an (n.al)a/le poc7et tool and ,)(de wh(ch ena/les e.en a no.(ce to co**ectl p*)ne e.e*tpe o+ t*ee and sh*)/6 Altho),h (t (sn:t poss(/le to (ncl)de a set (n the /eta .e*s(on- wehope that sales w(ll co.e* the cost o+ (ncl)d(n, them (n the !(*st Ed(t(on6 In *e$(nt*od)c(n,th(s ele,antl s(mple de.(ce- m hope (s that we w(ll see a la*,e *ed)ct(on (n /)tche*ed t*eesand sh*)/s- now and +o*e.e*- *st (n the V(cto*(a and #o)the*n Island a*eas- and ,*ad)allsp*ead(n, o)t (nto the *est o+ Canada- e.en the wo*ld6 Than7 o)- Ge*manD

In s)m- The 100 Best Landscape Plants & How to Use Them (s not s(mpl a man)al o+

Khow to> (nst*)ct(on- /)t a m)t)al cond)(t +o* t*ansm(ss(on o+ (n+o*mat(on /etween (tsc*eato*s and (ts *eade*$)se*s6 As s)ch- m hope (s that (t /ecomes a model +o* man)als (nothe* locales- as o)* en.(*onments a*e )nde* seem(n,l )nend(n, attac7s +*om mandec(ts and de,*adat(ons6

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Th*o),ho)t th(s /oo7 o) w(ll nd /l)e$l(,hted l(n7s to Inte*net s(tes that I +o)nd )se+)l (nhow to appl the ad.(ce I ,(.e he*e- espec(all as *eade*s /*(n, an (nn(te d(.e*s(t o+ /oththe(* appl(cat(ons and the(* *e5)(*ements to that s(te6 These l(n7s oe* mo*e deta(led(n+o*mat(on than what we ha.e space +o*- (n 7eep(n, w(th m w(sh that th(s man)al /e assho*t as poss(/le- to enco)*a,e people to t)*n to (t mo*e +*e5)entl than the wo)ld to amo*e ma,(ste*(al *e+e*ence wo*7- one cost(n, C 100600 o* mo*e6

The +act (s that the Inte*net now oe*s the /est wa +o* )s to *esea*ch .(*t)all an top(c o*act(.(t6 !o* e8ample- one now has the a/(l(t to 5)(c7l $$and eMc(entl$$ compa*e andcont*ast m)lt(ple sol)t(ons to a p*o/lem- o* to ,et mo*e deta(led (n+o*mat(on on a s)/<ect toola*,e to *esol.e +*om one /oo7 o* so)*ce6

The*e a*e also ,*een h(,hl(,hted te8t and l(nes as well6 These a*e (mpo*tant ho*t(c)lt)*alpo(nts wh(ch a*e +o* o) to p)t (nto o)* memo* +o* +)t)*e )se and appl(cat(on- whene.e*o)>*e (n do)/t6

!(nall- (t (s m des(*e and hope that as *eade*s ,o a/o)t (mplement(n, what>s oe*edhe*e- some w(ll ta7e the t(me to let )s 7now the(* s)ccess- what pa*ts we*e most *ele.ant

and )se+)l- and also how we ma (mp*o.e the ne8t ed(t(on6 !o* the a)tho* )nde*stands thath(s app*oach $$howe.e* )se+)l (t has /een (n h(s l(+e th(s past hal+$cent)*$$ cannot /e the/est one- o* the onl one (n e.e* s(t)at(on6

%(th that sa(d and done- let>s ,et ,*ow(n,D

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Ta/le o+ Contents

P*e+ace 666

Ta/le o+ Contents 66 O

Int*od)ct(on and a !ew Needed Tools 666666 @

Chapte* 1; #o(ls- Compost- and Local En.(*onments 666 10

Chapte* ; Land$+o*m(n, 6666 0

Chapte* ; I**(,at(on and %ate*(n, 666

Chapte* J; Plant Tpes and The(* Uses 66 J

T*ees 66 J #h*)/s 11 Pe*enn(als 66 1 G*asses 66 1

)lt($p)*pose Plants 1J

Chapte* 2; Compost(n, and the C*eated Landscape 6 2

Chapte* O; The Eas(est Ve,,(e Ga*den 4o)>ll E.e* G*owD O

Chapte* @; Ga*den(n, (n the #hade666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666662

Chapte* =; Glossa* 66666666O

Inde8 o+ the 100 Best Plants 666

And /eca)se we all need some +)n wh(le we wo*7- he*e a*e 20 Insane !acts A/o)tPlants; http;www6ca*e6com,*eenl(.(n,20$(nsane$+acts$a/o)t$plants6htmlQ)tmso)*ceS+eed/)*ne*&)tmmed()mS+eed&)tmcampa(,nS!eedA,*eenl(.(n,!,a*den$nat)*e=Ca*eHealthL(.(n,CBBNat)*e9

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Int*od)ct(on

Th(s (s a #pec(al Inte*act(.e Inte*net Ed(t(on o+ m Res(dent(al Landscap(n,G)(de- o*(,(nall w*(tten (n 01 $ 01 to meet the needs o+ people l(.(n, o)ts(dethe ,*eate* V(cto*(a a*ea6 "n$s(te .(s(ts and o/se*.at(ons 5)(c7l *e.ealed thesewe*e s(,n(cantl d(e*ent +*om the lowe* #o)the*n po*t(on o+ Vanco).e* Island-wh(ch (s whe*e I l(.e and wo*7- et we sha*e the Island>s en.(*onments6 Howe.e*-the contents o+ th(s G)(de a*e so w*(tten as to /e appl(ed to ,a*dens o.e* the ent(*e(sland and the BC ma(nland wh(ch sha*e s(m(la* so(ls6 E.en o)* colde* cl(mates onthe Island and the a(nland w(ll /enet +*om m app*oaches- altho),h the mosts)(ta/le plant .a*(et(es w(ll /e d(e*ent (n colde* ones6

!*om m ea*l(e* man)sc*(pt The 100 Best Plants & How to Use Them I:.e ta7en*ele.ant po*t(ons and c*eated a Ca*e & C)lt(.at(on WC&CX man)al- w*(tten w(th o)*

Island home as (ts co*e6 "+ co)*se- (t>s <)st as )se+)l on the BC ma(nland- as well asthe wo*ld? (n sho*t- (t (s appl(ca/le to all a*eas that sha*e o)* cl(mate ones W2$9X-ma*(ne en.(*onments- and s(m(la* so(ls6

To locate o)* s(te$spec(c cl(mate one- )se the Canad(an epa*tment o+A,*(c)lt)*e Cl(mate Yone aps a.a(la/le +o* each P*o.(nce- athttp;s(s6a,*6,c6cacans(snsd/cl(mateha*d(ness(nde86html6 Anothe* ,ood wa to7now wh(ch plants a*e s)(ta/le +o* o)* a*ea (s to s(mpl see wh(ch ones a*e la*,eand well$,*own- wh(ch (s a *el(a/le (nd(cato* o+ the(* adaptat(on and a/(l(t to th*(.e-not me*el s)*.(.e +*om ea* to ea*6

%e can now deal w(th some o+ the p*o/lems we *e.(ewed at those *es(dences-p*o/lems wh(ch a*e )n(.e*sal +o* all ,a*dens and landscapes6

These p*o/lems tell )s16what m)st *st /e done to c*eate new /eds o* *enew old ones- then6how to th(n7 a/o)t the app*op*(ate plants and- nall- how to choose6the /est plant select(on- the )lt(mate a(m +o* all ,a*dens- whethe* la*,e o* small6

The ,enes(s o+ th(s /oo7 was (n man on$s(te .(s(ts to new cl(ents o)ts(dethe Lowe* Vanco).e* Island *e,(on- espec(all (n the Nana(mo and )ncana*eas6 !*om th(s w(de* e8pos)*e and (nte*act(on w(th m cl(ents> )n(5)eneeds- I sensed that a man)al was needed to deal w(th o)* en.(*onment and

(ts ecolo,6 In the past ea* I (nco*po*ated as m)ch o+ the (n(t(al +eed/ac7 asposs(/le- howe.e*- we ant(c(pate and welcome o)* *esponses- and w(ll(nco*po*ate them (n )pdated ed(t(ons6 Please +eel +*ee to w*(te )s ant(mew(th o)* conce*ns and s),,est(ons at <e+asc(an(Zshaw6ca6

In o)* (n(t(al assessments we went to +o)* homes e(the* (ns(de Nana(mo c(tl(m(ts o* <)st o)ts(de- and noted that the all had da*7 cla$/ased so(ls6 All+o)* cl(ents sa(d wate* d*a(ns slowl d)*(n, %(nte*- and collects (n a p)ddlewhen wate*(n,- e.en (n #)mme*6

http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/nsdb/climate/hardiness/index.html

mailto:[email protected]


http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/nsdb/climate/hardiness/index.html

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The *es(dence (n aple Ba nea* )ncan- had +a* /ette* so(l- /)t (t was (n a,a*den o+ +o*t ea*s: esta/l(shment- so the ma,(c o+ t(me- la/o)*- andamendments had done m)ch ,ood- and that>s what o)>ll lea*n he*e6

The*e we*e se.e*al ,a*dens- +o)*teen (n all- and the p*esented a w(descope o+ p)*poses; p)*el stl(st(call deco*at(.e to he*/al and .e, ,a*dens (n

*a(sed /eds? t(n deco*at(.e accent a*eas a*o)nd pools and pat(os? and onete**ace that sp*ead alon, two p*ope*t l(nes and th*ee le.els (n an eo*t top)ll a la*,e p*ope*t to,ethe* as one landscape6 The*e was e.en anam/(t(o)s )nde*ta7(n, to *ema7e a hal+ ac*e lot +*om lawn (nto new /e*msand *oc7 *eta(n(n, walls- )s(n, new spec(men t*ees6 T*)l- we ha.e (t all he*eon Vanco).e* IslandD

These we*e the same en.(*onmental cond(t(ons I>d +o)nd (n the e8t*eme#o)the*n t(p o+ Vanco).e* Island whe*e I *es(de- so I now 7new the Island>sso(ls and en.(*onments sha*ed s(m(la* cha*acte*(st(cs6 %hat *ema(ned washow /est to answe* m cl(ent>s 5)est(ons and ena/le them to ach(e.e andcomplete the l(.(n,$stle en.(*onment the d*eamt o+- and to do so (n an

ao*da/le wa6 These answe*s a*e now (n o)* hands- and as alwas- we>llsta*t +*om the ,*o)nd )pD

A !ew Needed Tools

Be+o*e we set o)t- he*e (s a l(st o+ (tems that w(ll /e o+ ,*eat .al)e as wep*oceed6 I+ o) ha.e s(m(la* ones that (s ne- /)t o) ma w(sh to )p,*ade to what(s *ecommended he*e +o* ,*eate* d)*a/(l(t and .e*sat(l(t6

16 A sp(*al w(*e$/o)nd d*aw(n, pad- a/o)t 11F [ 1JF )p to 1F [ 1=F (s

ade5)ate +o* plans- s7etches- and the s(mple d*aw(n,s we>ll need o.e* t(me6 Itneed not /e a p*(ce one +*om an a*t s)ppl(es sto*e- one +*om a olla* #to*e.endo* w(ll do- /)t a.o(d the cheapest ones made +*om newsp*(nt- as the pape*w(ll de,*ade .e* 5)(c7l6

6 A secate)*s Whttp;en6w(7(ped(a6o*,w(7(P*)n(n,shea*sX (s c*)c(al? the !el(8Compan o+ #w(te*land- 7nown as !ELC"- ma7es the /est ones6 "the*s nea*l as,ood can /e +o)nd at hal+$p*(ce (n Canad(an T(*e sto*es at the end o+ the ,a*denseason- and ma7e ,*eat Ch*(stmas G(+ts to o)*sel+ and +*(endsD

Those who l(.e on the #o)the*n t(p o+ Vanco).e* Island can /) all the !ELC"models at the /est poss(/le p*(ces at Inte,*(t #ales- 1=0 eat(n, C*oss Road-

#aan(chton- V= AO- 20$2JJ$0@- onda $ #at)*da66 A st)*d mechan(cal penc(l o+ 069 mm (s ,*eat +o* *eco*d(n, and la/ell(n,? )seHB leads onl6 I )se a Pentel P09- as (ts d(st(nct(.e oche* colo)* ma7es (t eas tond when I d*op (t )nto ,*ass o* so(l6

J6 A so+t wh(te e*ase* st(c7- s)ch as the Be*ol #PEEERA#E 3E10- .e* )se+)lD

26 PIG#IN leathe* ,lo.es- one pa(* l(ned +o* %(nte*- and one )nl(ned +o* #)mme*6P(,s7(n (s the onl so+t leathe* not eas(l penet*ated / *ose and othe* tho*ns6

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruning_shears


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O6 T%" ,ood meas)*(n, tapes? one w(ll /e e(the* a 20: 1260m o* 100> 060mtape (n a w(nd$)p *eel6 The othe* one (s an a)to$*et)*n tape meas)*e as )sed /ca*pente*s- masons- et al6- )s)all )p to 2> o* =60m6 Get one w(th as w(de a/lade as poss(/le? (+ (t has a .e*t(cal *)le on (ts *e.e*se- all the /ette* to meas)*ela*,e sh*)/s and small t*ees6

@6 A w(de /*(m st*aw hat +o* #)mme* s)n (s (nd(spensa/le +o* those tw(ce$as$lon,$as $planned when we set o)tF dasD

Now- as Ratt m(,ht ha.e sa(d to Bad,e*- %e ha.e o)* ma*ch(n, o*de*sDF so wecan p*oceed to *st d(a,nose- then /e,(n to ,(.e o)* ,*o)nds the *e5)(*edt*eatments needed to /e(n, them (nto ,ood hea*t6

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Chapte* 1

#o(l- Compost- & 4o)*Local En.(*onment

GETTING #TARTE- !R" THE GR"UN UP

Altho),h eas(l o.e*loo7ed- the +act (s the on$s(te so(l (s alwas the *stcons(de*at(on- whethe* c*eat(n, a new ,a*den o* *enew(n, an esta/l(shed one6 Thes(n,le most (mpo*tant element o+ ,ood so(l (s d*a(na,e- +ollowed / +e*t(l(t- and notthe othe* wa a*o)nd6 The o.e*)se o+ +e*t(l(se*s has /een the ca)se o+ m)chdama,e6 B)t (+ the so(l (s (n K,ood hea*t> then (t has ,ood d*a(na,e- a ,ood so(lst*)ct)*e- and eas(l a.a(la/le n)t*(ents- all eas(l cont*olled / o)- the ,a*dene*$c*eato*6 ")* ,oal (s .e* s(mple; c*eat(on o+ the /est poss(/le so(l +o* the /estposs(/le *es)lts6

I /el(e.e $$and *es)lts ha.e p*o.en$$ that the /est wa to del(.e* n)t*(ents (s tod)pl(cate Nat)*e6 %o*ldw(de we all l(.e (n what a*e 7nown as m)lt(ple closed$loopsstems- the onl add(t(.e (np)t to these (s s)nl(,ht6 Th(s (s wh (t (s c*)c(al +o* )sto *emem/e* at all t(mes that we e(the* wo*7 w(th nat)*e o* we wo*7 w(tho)t nat)*e-and when we wo*7 w(tho)t nat)*e- we a*e +o*e$doomed to +a(l)*e down the l(ne6

%h(le h)mans *el on Nat)*e>s so(ls to +eed- clothe- and shelte* them- onl a .e*+ew o+ )s ta7e the t(me to )nde*stand what that *eall means- that (s- to lea*n howeno*mo)sl comple8 so(ls a*e- and e.en mo*e c*)c(all- to do someth(n, pos(t(.e toenhance the so(l- wh(ch (s a+te* all- the mothe* o+ )s all6 I cannot o.e*$emphas(sethe (mpo*tance o+ o)* *elat(onsh(p to the so(l- no* that when we act(.el compost wema7e the ,*eatest poss(/le cont*(/)t(on to that *elat(onsh(p6 4o) ma +o*,et- /)tothe* Nat)*e ne.e* does- and when she>s o.e*l ne,lected- all Hell w(ll t*)l /*ea7o)t to /)*n )s (n o)* +a(l)*es6

In a 01- the*e was an e8cellent a*t(cle (n the N4 T(mes on th(s *elat(onsh(p-and o) can nd that a*t(cle he*e;http;www6nt(mes6com01021op(n(ons)ndathe$h(dden$wo*ld$o+$so(l$)nde*$o)*$+eet6htmlQemcSeta1&*S1&

I st*on,l *ecommend o) ta7e the t(me to ,o to an e8cellent o.e*.(ew p*esented/ !*ed (*schenmann $$a +a*me*- o+ all peopleD$$ on the so(l as pa*ent o+ )s all-wh(ch (t (s- o+ co)*se- e8actl as was w*(tten mo*e than -000 tea*s a,o; +*om d)sttho) a*t made- and to d)st e shall *et)*nF; http;www6o)t)/e6comwatchQ.SV"/L(t#e0

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/12/opinion/sunday/the-hidden-world-of-soil-under-our-feet.html?emc=eta1&_r=1&


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VObLitSe3K0






7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


"+ co)*se I>m st*on,l p*e<)d(ced (n +a.o)* o+ h(s p*esentat(on- +o* (t clea*ldemonst*ates that the most des(*a/le so(l has an o*,an(c content ,*eate* than 2-m m(n(m)m ,oal (n(t(all- w(th a nal ,oal o+ 10- wh(ch ma not /e eas(latta(ned6 BUT (t *ema(ns the ,oal- and that>s what co)nts +o* mot(.at(onD

!)*the*mo*e- he*e>s a sta,,e*(n, +act all *eade*s sho)ld 7eep (n m(nd6 I *ecentl

lea*ned that the Un(ted Nat(ons d(d a wo*ld$w(de s)*.e o+ the a.e*a,e a,e o++a*me*s o+ all tpes; (nd)st*(al ,*eenho)ses- hand$*a(sed *(ce- spec(alt ,*owe*s-+acto* +a*ms- and so on6 The d(sco.e*ed that th(s was O2 ea*s6 Now th(n7 onthat +o* a +ew seconds6 B)t what>s e5)all wo*se (s that o)n,e* people a*e lessand less (nte*ested (n +a*m(n,6 Th(s *es)lts (n +ewe* and +ewe* people *a(s(n, +ood+o* mo*e and mo*e people- and (t>s that com/(nat(on wh(ch has an (mmensepotent(al +o* d(saste*6

Howe.e*- I /el(e.e the 7es to /*ea7(n, th(s p*esent cho7ehold on +a*m(n, a*e tocom/(ne the Inte*net>s e8cellent .(deo p*esentat(ons w(th (nt*a$,ene*at(onal sha*(n,o+ what we al*ead 7now6 !o* whethe* (t>s da(*- .e,- ,*a(ns- meat- +*)(t o*/*e- (n+o*med and 7nowled,ea/le +a*me*s w(th mean(n,+)l was o+ l(+e can /est

+eed )s (n the most s)sta(na/le was6 %e al*ead ha.e the p*od)ct(.(t *e5)(*ed to*a(se 5)al(t +oods- /)t we need comm(tted people to do so6 And (t all /e,(ns he*eat home- (n o)* /ac7a*d ,a*densD

!(nall- I +o)nd a s)pe*/ tal7- %e Can Now sol.e the 10-000 4ea* "ld P*o/lem o+A,*(c)lt)*eF at http;ted8tal7s6ted6com.(deo%e$Can$Now$sol.e$the$10000$4ea* - / *%es 'ac7son6 He (s the P*es(dent o+ The Land Inst(t)te- wh(ch he +o)nded (n 19@O-)pon h(s ea*l *et(*ement +*om )n(.e*s(t teach(n,6 In th(s tal7 he co.e*s some o+the most p*o+o)nd (ss)es that d(*ectl aect all o)* l(.es- and he /*(n,s themto,ethe* s(mpl eno),h that so that we can all )nde*stand (t6 I (ncl)de (t he*e/eca)se he ,(.es the mac*o$o.e*.(ew o+ the ,*eat p*o/lem that has /)*denedh)man7(nd s(nce we /e,an to l(.e (n settlements6

The*e>s also a ,ood se*(es o+ 1 l(n7ed .(deos $$all .e* /*(e+- )nde* two m(n)tes$$on compost(n, at http;www6ehow6com.(deos$on=09o*,an(c$+e*t(l((n,6html

Compost C*eates the Landscape- /eca)se (t C*eates the

#o(l

The s(n,le most /enec(al act we can do when we ,a*den (s to c*eate compost6

Compost (s what +ollows a+te* Nat)*e has all plants shed lea.es- needles- /a*7-owe*s- seeds- e.en deca(n, *oots to (nc*ease so(l +e*t(l(t6 In so do(n,- th(s allowsplants to l(te*all ma7e the(* own /est +e*t(l(se* mate*(al6 %hen we compost wepa*tne* w(th nat)*e to add th(s mate*(al /ac7 to whe*e (t>s most needed6 !(nall-compost$ma7(n, (s an act(.(t +o* the wa*me* months- as (t p*oceeds /est when thea(* tempe*at)*e (s cons(stentl a/o.e 20> ! o* 12> C- e.en at n(,ht6

http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/We-Can-Now-solve-the-10000-Year






7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


The*e a*e man so)*ces eas(l a.a(la/le to lea*n a/o)t compost and how to ma7e(t at home6 I w(ll ,(.e onl a /*(e+ o.e*.(ew o+ the p*ocess and (ts /enets- then l(stInte*net so)*ces o) can t)*n to +o* mo*e (n+o*mat(on- as o) al*ead 7now how to)se o)* local l(/*a*6

Please nd space (n o)* ,a*den to c*eate a compost a*ea- e.en (+ (t>s onl one

met*e s5)a*e- o* OF [ OF6 Th(s a*ea w(ll /ecome a s)/stant(al so)*ce o+ ,a*den o*landscape n)t*(ents- (+ o) +a(th+)ll p)t all ,a*den *e+)se and 7(tchen sc*aps (nto (ton a *e,)la* /as(s6 E.en weeds a*e h(,hl )se+)l as compost mate*(al- p*o.(dedthe ha.e not et ,one to seed6 In +act weeds $$espec(all the local ones$$ a*eadapted to o)* ,a*den>s en.(*onment- and the*e+o*e a/le to e8t*act m(ne*als andn)t*(ents that /enet all othe* plants6

4o) can )se e.e*th(n, that (s +ood waste +*om o)* 7(tchen- /)t meat sc*apssho)ld /e a.o(ded- as the att*act (nsects and othe* an(mals6 #ome o+ m cl(entsha.e told me that the we*e s)ccess+)l (n )s(n, meat sc*aps- and that>s ,*and- /)tthe had mana,ed to con5)e* the n)(sance p*o/lems o+ (nsects and c*(tte*s- s)chas *accoons- who a*e .e* cle.e* at nd(n, these t(d/(ts6 Best to do w(tho)t them I

th(n76

E,, shells a*e *eall ,*eat- /)t /e s)*e to *st d* them- then s5)eee them )nt(lthe c*)sh- to accele*ate the(* /*ea7down6 The /est compost I e.e* made onVanco).e* Island had onl two (n,*ed(ents- p(stach(o shells and e,, shells6 The*es)lt was .e*(ta/le ma,(c on m ,a*den a*eas at the Ch*(st(e Po(nt Apa*tments- ama*(ne en.(*onment w(th .e* th(n so(l o.e* nat(.e /asalt o)tc*opp(n,s6

T*ad(t(onall people made compost on the ,*o)nd and co.e*ed (t w(th a ta*p- o*the somet(mes made (t (n a shallow p(t- also co.e*ed / a ta*p6 Those +ol7s+o*t)nate eno),h to ha.e the space can /)(ld th*ee compost /(ns- s(de / s(de- asthe (deal con,)*at(on; o) can ha.e *aw mate*(al (n the *st- hal+$n(shed (n them(ddle- and n(shed (n the nal one6 E.e* two wee7s o* so the ent(*e p(le (s t)*nedto ens)*e a(* ,ets to all pa*ts- wh(ch (s c*)c(al to ma7(n, (t co**ectl6 As (t n(shes asta,e- (t (s t*ans+e**ed to the ne8t /(n6 I+ o)* compost (s so,, o) m)st *emedthe d*a(na,e p*o/lem (mmed(atel o* (t w(ll ,o to anae*o/(c /acte*(a and ca)sema<o* p*o/lems6

It>s o+ten eas(est to /) a la*,e plast(c compost /(n? some m)n(c(pal(t(es now /)

them (n 5)ant(t and *esell them at cost to *es(dents- to enco)*a,e compost$ma7(n,and the*e/ *ed)ce the /)*den on the(* landll ope*at(ons6 These /(ns ma /eassem/led on so(l o* a conc*ete sla/? (n e(the* case (t (s essent(al to ens)*e that theoo* (s le.el eno),h to allow the /ottom panel to open eas(l +o* *emo.al o+ then(shed compost6 Please see the photo /elow o+ a tp(cal /(n6

To /e,(n the p*ocess- /*(n, o)* compost (n,*ed(ents to the /(n>s top open(n,6 Ist*on,l *ecommend that the (n(t(al mate*(al /e on the coa*se s(de- so (t has a(*spaces /etween (ts components- and allows ae*o/(c /acte*(a a ,ht(n, chance to,et sta*ted6

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


I also *ecommend that o) p*e.(o)sl p)*chase a ,oodl amo)nt o+ ammon()ms)lphate- a s(mple +e*t(l(se*- sa 2 7(los o* 10 po)nds- to )se as an accele*ant to+eed the des(*a/le /acte*(a that compost *e5)(*es at all t(mes6 I+ th(s (s nots)Mc(entl s)ppl(ed (n the /e,(nn(n,- the des(*ed o)tcome w(ll /e +a* slowe* toa**(.e6 4o) can eas(l nd (t at Inte,*(t #ales- B)c7e*elds- o* Bo*den>s6 As o)cont(n)e to ma7e o)* compost m(ne- add a +ew hands+)l o+ ammon()m s)lphate to

e.e* 1 (nches o* 0 cm depth o+ the *aw compost6 Th(s w(ll ens)*e that o) ha.ea cont(n)o)s st*eam o+ n(shed compost- sta*t(n, a/o)t s(8 to e(,ht wee7s a+te*sett(n, th(s (n mot(on- PR"VIE the am/(ent tempe*at)*e (s not lowe* than =>C o*20>!6

!*om t(me to t(me the n(shed compost (s *emo.ed +*om the lowest open(n,- a.e* )se+)l a**an,ement- to /e s)*e- (+ o) ha.e a sho.el that ts the open(n,- anda plast(c t*a wheel/a**ow hand6 All compost ma7e*s lea7 a /*own l(5)(d $$o+tencalled Kcompost tea>$$ wh(ch sta(ns conc*ete6 I+ o) can capt)*e th(s (t ma7es ane8cellent +e*t(l(s(n, mate*(al that can /e po)*ed d(*ectl (nto the *oot one o+ allplants w(tho)t d(l)t(on o* +ea* o+ K/)*n(n,> them (n an wa6

The +ollow(n, (s ,ood Inte*net (n+o*mat(on on the p*ocess o+ compost(n, and alsoshow the *es)ltant ,a*dens- so o) w(ll /e (nsp(*ed to sta at (tD Th(s one has a.(deo se*(es that (s 5)(te ,ood; http;www6ehow6com.(deos$on=09o*,an(c$+e*t(l((n,6html

Altho),h some s(tes ma s),,est o) compost pape* p*od)cts- I don>t do ancolo)*ed ones- as the (n7s ma /e to8(c6 Ca*d/oa*d o+ten ta7es too lon, a t(me to/*ea7down- so I don>t (ncl)de (t- and I>m also s)sp(c(o)s o+ added chem(cals6

Bac7 to o)* /ac7 a*dD It>s also a VER4 ,ood (dea to chop lon,e* waste (ntosho*te* p(eces- to ma7e the n(shed p*od)ct mo*e )n(+o*m- th)s m)ch eas(e* tohandle6 I+ th(s (sn>t done w(th hea.(e* mate*(als s)ch as co*n stal7s and la*,e*pe*enn(al stems- the compost w(ll end (n a <)m/le o+ aw7wa*d te8t)*es- de+(n, o)*attempts to sho.el (t a/o)t6 I+ o) ens)*e the*e (s noth(n, la*,e* than o)* hand-th(s w(ll ,)a*antee ,ood *es)lts6

A sh*edde*$,*(nde* (s too e8pens(.e a tool e8cept +o* estates o* comme*c(al )se?o) ma nd one at http;.(cto*(a6en6c*a(,sl(st6ca6 #ee (+ o) can ne,ot(ate +o* anelect*(c one- as (t>s UCH mo*e 5)(et and w(ll se*.e 92 o+ all the needsenco)nte*ed (n tp(cal smalle* ,a*dens- landscapes- and .e,eta/le ,a*dens6

A machete (s ,ood +o* *ap(dl *ed)c(n, la*,e amo)nts- (+ o) do (t as +ollows6!(*st- a**an,e +o* a st)*d /ench nea* the compost a*ea6 B*(n, a wheel/a**ow w(thmate*(als nea* the /ench- and la the mate*(al to /e c)t (n s)ch a wa that (+ o)a*e R$handed- o)* L hand can p(c7 (t )p and la (t on the /ench? (+ o) a*e Lhanded- *e.e*se the a**an,ement6 La the mate*(als on a 1F th(c7 /oa*d on the/ench and )se the machete to chop (t (nto s)(ta/le p(eces6 achetes a*e /estsha*pened w(th a m(ll /asta*d le- and le+t w(th a sl(,htl th(c7 ed,e- to de+eat/*ea7a,e6

http://www.ehow.com/videos-on_8209_organic-fertilizing.html


http://victoria.en.craigslist.ca/



http://victoria.en.craigslist.ca/

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


I+ o) ha.e a !ELC" o* s(m(la* h(,h$5)al(t secate)*s- o) can )se them (nstead-and s(mpl let the p(eces +all (nto the compost /(n- heap- o* p(t6-http;en6w(7(ped(a6o*,w(7(P*)n(n,shea*s

#ee the compan>s we/s(te- http;www6+elco6com+elcohome6pa,e - +o* a +)ll *e.(ew o+these s)pe*/ tools- the /est e.e* made6 Those who l(.e on the #o)the*n t(p o+

Vanco).e* Island can also /) all the !ELC" models at the /est poss(/le p*(ces atInte,*(t #ales- 1=0 eat(n, C*oss Road- #aan(chton- V= AO- 20$2JJ$0@-onda $ #at)*da6

#o(l #a.e* Compost B(n- a tp(cal comme*c(alp*od)ct6

Anothe* ,ood s(te (s http;www6ehow6com.(deoJ92===ma7(n,$o*,an(c$compost6html6 It has a se5)ent(al .(deo w(th lots o+ ,ood t(ps- and +eat)*es l(.edemonst*at(ons )s(n, a .a*(et o+ app*oaches6 #t(ll at a loss as to how to p*oceedQ"7- then ,o to http;www6o)t)/e6comwatchQ.S17IpCBUI&+eat)*eSem$s)/sd(,est$.*ecs

!(nall- one o+ the *st K/ac7 to the land> mo.ement>s p)/l(cat(ons was othe*Ea*th News- wh(ch now has e8cellent compost (n+o at th(s s(te;http;www6mothe*ea*thnews6como*,an(c$,a*den(n,how$to$ma7e$compost$m01onso*6asp8


http://www.felco.com/felco/home.page

http://www.ehow.com/video_4953888_making-organic-compost.html


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1kIpCBD3UI&feature=em-subs_digest-vrecs


http://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/how-to-make-compost-zm0z12onzsor.aspx



http://www.felco.com/felco/home.page







7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


#o(l Tpes and %hat The ean

The*e a*e +o* o)* p)*poses onl th*ee so(l tpes to /e conce*ned +o*; these a*ecla- sand- and a h(,hl o*,an(c one 7nown as loam6 Cla$/ased and loam a*e thep*e.alent so(l tpes on Vanco).e* Island? sand so(ls a*e +o)nd nea* the wate* l(neas a *)le- and a*e less enco)nte*ed6

%h(le cla so(ls can /e a *(ch sto*eho)se o+ n)t*(ents and t*ace elements- the a*e

phs(call and chem(call held (n was that ma7e (t d(Mc)lt +o* plants to ,et then)t*(ents (n the l(5)(d +o*m the *e5)(*e6 Anothe* p*o/lem (s that cla>s pa*t(cles a*ethe smallest o+ all so(ls- wh(ch means that wate* has mo*e d(Mc)lt penet*at(n, (t-wh(le a(* (s 7ept o)t to a la*,e de,*ee- and these (n t)*n ca)se man dec(ts6 Claso(ls tend to /e cold ones- last to wa*m (n #p*(n,6 N)*se*(es l(7e them as the ma7e/ette* *oot /alls +o* eld$,*own plants6 The *st o*de* o+ o)* da w(ll /e todete*m(ne o)* so(l tpe and then amend (t- that (s- to phs(call co**ect the cla o*sand6

The second most common so(l tpe (s sand- and wh(le we don>t see m)ch o+ (t (nVanco).e* Island ,a*dens- (t (s p*e.alent alon, the sho*el(ne and (n )pl(+ted a*eas6e he*e (s the s(mple +act that sand (s c*stall(ne (n nat)*e- so (t cannot *eta(n

n)t*(ents- no* *ead(l /*ea7 down (nto )sa/le n)t*(ents6 It does d*a(n 5)(c7l andwa*m mo*e *ap(dl (n #p*(n, than othe* so(ls- and also washes *ead(l +*om.e,eta/les- th)s (t>s +a.o)*ed / p*od)ce +a*me*s and ,a*dene*s6

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


#and so(ls ha.e anothe* p*o/lem- howe.e*- wh(ch (s the(* /(,,est dec(t; thecannot hold the s)spended n)t*(ents wh(ch a*e (n the so(l sol)t(on6 Plants m)st ta7e)p what the need +*om the(* so(l onl (n what we call the so(l sol)t(on6 %h(le claso(ls do hold mo*e so(l sol)t(on than sand ones- loam so(l (s a/sol)tel the .e*/est (n th(s .(tal *ole6 Th(s (s wh when o) ma7e compost and then add (t to sandso(ls- the 5)(c7l *espond w(th mo*e a/)ndant p*od)ct(on6 Cla so(ls /enet as

well- /)t the )s)all *eact mo*e slowl than do sand ones6

The th(*d so(l tpe (s loam- and (t (s also the most des(*a/le one6 B a Kloam> wemean a so(l wh(ch has a m(n(m)m 2 o*,an(c content / we(,ht- /)t o+ten mo*ethan O6 The 7e concept he*e (s we(,ht; o*,an(c components we(,h +a* less thanm(ne*al ones6 I p*e+e* so(ls w(th at least a 10 o*,an(c /as(s- as that ,(.es me thead.anta,e I need +o* the ,*eatest s)ccess6 The *eason +o* th(s (s that loam so(l hasthe h(,hest /)e*(n, capac(t- and (t also ena/les the ,*eatest n)m/e* o+ chem(cal*eact(ons to ta7e place mo*e eas(l6

ost n)*se*(es and ,*eenho)ses ceased )s(n, so(l$/ased ,*ow(n, m(8t)*es mandecades a,o- as (t (s now nea*l (mposs(/le to ,et so(l w(th a cons(stent +e*t(l(t and

te8t)*e6 Add(n, to that /as(c dec(t we*e so(l d(seases and (nsect (n+ect(ons- wh(chmeant ste*(l(s(n, (t- et one mo*e h),e p*o/lem6 Unde* the A,*(c)lt)*al LandRese*.e Act (n B*(t(sh Col)m/(a- (t (s (lle,al to *emo.e and sell topso(l +*om +a*mland?othe* p*o.(nces ha.e l(7el /anned th(s as well6

To ,et a*o)nd these and othe* p*o/lems- non$so(l +o*m)las we*e de.eloped wh(ch)se sand- peat moss- sawd)st- d(.e*se +e*t(l(se* mate*(als- and man othe*(n,*ed(ents to ,et a pe*+ect ,*ow(n, med()m +o* ass)*ed s)ccess w(th less d(Mc)lt6"ne o+ the ea*l(est was de.eloped (n the ea*l N(neteen #(8t(es / the Un(.e*s(t o+Cal(+o*n(a at a.(s- and /ecame 7nown as the UC Conta(ne* (86 It was madea.a(la/le th*o),h n)*se*(es and ,a*den cent*es (n a la*,e /ale$tpe /a,- m)ch thesame as peat moss- anothe* component wh(ch (s almost .an(shed +*om ho*t(c)lt)*e-as nat)*al peat /o,s se*.e a 7e p)*pose (n land ecolo,6

Ind(.(d)al n)*se*(es and ,*eenho)ses o+ten de.eloped the(* own +o*m)las +o* the(*(n$ho)se needs- and I d(d as well- o.e* a s(8teen ea* pe*(od- )nt(l I pe*+ected G*o$o*e- wh(ch (s t*)l the )lt(mate ,*ow(n, med()m6 Th(n7 o+ (t as an (nd)st*(al$scaledpott(n, so(lD I made (t to ,*ow an plant w(th the e8cept(on o+ cact( and s)cc)lents-/eca)se the ha.e )n(5)e wate* *e5)(*ements6

In the decades +ollow(n, th(s- (t ,a.e me the lead(n, ed,e ad.anta,e o.e* ancompet(to*- and m newl sta*ted Valle Landscape N)*se* 5)(c7l /ecame thela*,est n)*se* (n all o+ #o)th$ Easte*n B*(t(sh Col)m/(a6 Twent$.e ea*s late* (twas the sec*et wh I won the KBest Plants (n #how> !(*st Place R(//on awa*ded at the199O V(cto*(a !lowe* & Ga*den #how6 All twel.e <)d,es we*e )nan(mo)s- an(nc*ed(/l *a*e e.ent- as <)d,es alwas ha.e the(* own pa*t(c)la* (nte*nal standa*dso+ pe*+ect(on- (n add(t(on to the p)/l(c onesD

I+ we can nd a s)(ta/le locat(on- we w(ll c*eate G*o$o*e (n t(me +o* the 01J,a*den ea*- as some o+ o) w(ll not want to wa(t +o* the ea*WsX (t ma ta7e tode.elop eno),h compost +o* o)* ,a*den and landscape needs6

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


It w(ll /e the pe*+ect mate*(al to ll *a(sed /eds- whethe* +o* o*al o* +ood- andma7e o)* landscap(n, an (nstant s)ccess6 %h(le (t (s )nl(7el o)>ll need to )seadd(t(onal +e*t(l(se* mate*(als the *st ea*- a+te* o) *emo.e o)* c*op o* at the endo+ the *st s(8 month>s esta/l(shment- o) sho)ld cons(de* add(n, a small amo)ntto the a*ea6 o*e on th(s late*- as we wo*7 se5)ent(all th*o),h the ent(*e ,a*denc*eat(on p*oced)*e6

At the t(me o) set o)t the t*ees- sh*)/s- and con(+e*s o)>.e selected- 7eep (nm(nd what a ma<o* st)d ta),ht )s a/o)t th(s once$(n$a$plant>s$l(+et(me e8pe*(ence6d)*(n, the 19=0s- an e8tens(.e se*(es o+ st)d(es (n No*th Ame*(ca concl)s(.elp*o.ed that all plants t*ansplanted (nto a new home do /ette* (+ the so(l a*o)nd the(**oot mass (s at least 20 )n(mp*o.ed nat(.e so(l- as that:s what the m)st contendw(th once the(* new *oots e8tend (nto (t6 %e +o*me*l /el(e.ed (t was necessa* to*emo.e all the nat(.e so(l and *eplace (t w(th o)* p*epa*ed plant(n, m(8- )s)all peatmoss- new so(l- some /a,,ed +e*t(l(se*- and ma/e a hand+)l o+ /one meal6

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


Toda we 7now that a plant needs onl an esta/l(shment ea* to K,et the +eel> o+(ts new home and *ed(*ect (ts *oots acco*d(n,l6 #(mpl *emo.e eno),h nat(.e so(lto accommodate the new plant>s *oot mass pl)s 100 mo*e- then )se awheel/a**ow +o* m(8(n, e5)al pa*ts nat(.e so(l and G*o$o*e6 P)t a +ew (nches)nde* the plant>s *oot mass- sp*ead the *est a*o)nd the same *oot mass- *m (t w(th

o)* shoe- and 4o)>*e doneDF

4o) now ha.e the /est poss(/le ,*ow(n, med()m +o* o)* plant>s esta/l(shmentea*s- wh(ch a*e the most c*(t(cal +o* (ts +)t)*e l(+e6 "+ co)*se o)>ll st(ll ha.e towate* them6 ')st 7(dd(n,D

B)t o) w(ll ha.e 100 s)ccess w(th e.e*th(n, o) plant- and the *ate o+ ,*owthw(ll amae o) and o)* +am(l- (+ o) +ollow th(s s(mple (nstallat(on w(th a m)lch o+home$made compost6 In the ea*s ahead o)>ll ne.e* /) +e*t(l(se*s a,a(n- e8cept+o* one$t(me spec(al p)*poses? all that w(ll /e needed (s a ea*l top$d*ess(n, w(tho)* own$made compost- and pe*haps a small ad<)stment o+ so(l pH w(th dolom(tel(mestone o* a,*(c)lt)*al ,ps)m o)*6

%hen we lea*n to loo7 at so(l hol(st(call- we>ll see a .e*(ta/le J$@ and O2 das aea* powe*ho)se comm)n(t o+ l(+e and death act(.(t- an (nc*ed(/l comple8 ent(tlled w(th l(.(n, o*,an(sms- we can then /ette* app*ec(ate (ts s)p*eme *ole as theena/le* o+ all o)* planet>s c*ops- +o*ests- and w(ldl(+e6 !o*- as the B(/le *em(nds )s-we came +*om (ts d)st and we *et)*n to (t- complet(n, the closed$loop o+ l(+e- h)manand all othe* +o*ms sha*(n, and /ea*(n, one wo*ld6

The nal two aspects o+ so(l o) need to 7now a*e the concept o+ so(l pH and thep*esence o+ two elemental metals- Calc()m WCaX- and Hd*o,en WHX6 Calc()m (sthe +o)*th most common metal- and (s +o)nd (n all l(.(n, th(n,s on o)* planet- so (ts(mpo*tance cannot /e )nde*est(mated when we ,o to ,*owD Its p*esence (s .e*closel *elated to so(l pH- a te*m not +am(l(a* to e.e* ,a*dene*- /)t one o) w(llsoon nd )se+)l- wh(ch (s a meas)*e o+ so(l Hd*o,en WHX6

#o(l pH (s s(mpl a meas)*ement o+ the act(.(t o+ +*ee Hd*o,en WHX (n so(ls6 %eneed not /e too conce*ned a/o)t (t <)st now- othe* than (ts *ole as the p*(mal(nd(cato* (n all the chem(cal act(.(t(es that ,o on (n so(l6 H (s also a metal- al/e(t a,as- and l(7e Ca- (t (s .e* act(.e$*eact(.e- so we need to ta7e pH )nde* p*(ma*cons(de*at(on (n o)* c*eat(on o+ the /est poss(/le so(l +o* the /est poss(/le *es)lts6

Pa*t o+ the c*(t(cal path on to the )lt(mate ,a*den so(l (s +o* )s to c*eate a s(mpleso(l map- wh(ch (s a wa +o* )s to loo7 at the whole o+ the a*ea )nde* cons(de*at(on

+o* o)* (mp*o.ements and endea.o)*s6 A so(l map (s s(mpl an o)tl(ne d*aw(n, o+the ent(*e a*ea- wh(ch we then d(.(de (t as /est we can (nto 5)ad*ants6 Not to wo**that (t ma /e 5)(te (**e,)la* a po*t(on- as we a*e ,o(n, to a.e*a,e o)t what wend- to c*eate a t*)l le.el ,*ow(n, eld +o* the new (nha/(tants we w(sh to seemo.ed (n A#AP6

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


To m m(nd- the two most (mpo*tant aspects o+ ,ett(n, the so(l *(,ht and ma7(n, (tthe powe*ho)se +o)ndat(on +o* all else we do- (s to *st ,et the pH and calc()mle.els co**ect- and then +ollow th*o),h / the )se o+ compost to the ,*eatest de,*eeposs(/le6 The two a*e so (nt(matel l(n7ed that (t>s a ma**(a,e6 As the son, p)ts (t-o) can>t ha.e one w(tho)t the othe*DF

Ta7en to,ethe*- when we )nde*stand the *oles plaed / these two metals andcom/(ne that 7nowled,e w(th o)* compost(n, act(.(t- we a*e 100 ass)*ed o+s)p*eme s)ccess (n e.e* aspect o+ ,a*den(n, (n wh(ch we set o)t to s)cceed6

The *an,e o+ the pH spect*)m (s +*om 1 to 1J- so a *ead(n, o+ @60 (s cons(de*edne)t*al? most plants ,*ow /est when the so(l (s at O62 to O6=6 A,a(n- +*om m +tea*s e8pe*(ence (n the eld- I>.e come to see O62 as the (deal- /eca)se that le.elens)*es the slow cont(n)al *elease o+ the elements (n so(l wh(ch a*e /o)nd to othe*mate*(als- et m)st /e +*eed +o* cons)mpt(on / plants th*o),h the so(l sol)t(on6#o(l sol)t(on (s s(mpl the sol)t(on wh(ch (s c*eated when (**(,at(on and *a(n wate*ente*s the so(l- and then d(ssol.es the a.a(la/le n)t*(ents wh(ch o)>.e placedthe*e- com(n, +*om a compost m)lch6

The eas(est wa to lea*n o)* so(l pH (s / the )se o+ pH test st*(ps- w(dela.a(la/le +*om Canad(an T(*e>s sw(mm(n, pool and spa s)ppl(es sect(on-B)c7e*elds- most pha*mac(es- %ala*t- and sto*es wh(ch sell spas and hot t)/s6

The*e a*e also 7(ts that )se a l(5)(d *ea,ent- /)t the can sp(ll- and the colo)* o+ thetest sol)t(on ma /e d(Mc)lt to ,a),e )nde* .a*(o)s l(,ht cond(t(ons6

How to a7e a #(mple #o(l ap

The +ollow(n, (s the /est wa to c*eate a s(mple so(l map o+ o)* p*ope*t6 I+ o)

plan to (nstall a lawn- /e s)*e to do th(s /e+o*e sta*t(n, o)t- as (t w(ll help o)dete*m(ne how m)ch o)>ll need to /) o+ l(me mate*(als and +e*t(l(se*s- and do)/lso +o* a .e, ,a*den6

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


As stated a/o.e- a so(l map (s s(mpl an o)tl(ne d*aw(n, o+ the ent(*e a*ea- wh(chwe then d(.(de (t as /est we can (nto 5)ad*ants6 a7e th(s d*aw(n, on the la*,es7etch pad o) /o),ht- and do not /e conce*ned +o* scale o* an d*aw(n, s7(lls6a*7 the cent*e o+ each 5)ad*ant- and then ma*7 the (nte*sect(on o+ the two l(nes-so o) now ha.e a total o+ .e po(nts (n the a*ea )nde* cons(de*at(on6

Get a clean conta(ne* s)ch as an (ce c*eam pa(l o* a plast(c \not metal$$ /)c7et-one that (s la*,e eno),h to hold .e c)ps o+ so(l and ha.e *oom eno),h a+te*wa*dsthat o) can st(* (t w(th a clean pa(nt paddle o* othe* non$metll(c tool6 %(th o)*map (n hand- ,o to the places (nd(cated6 4o):ll also /*(n, a o*al sho.el o* la*,et*owel- and a meas)*(n, c)p o* plast(c conta(ne* a/o)t the same s(e- s)ch as a 200ml cotta,e cheese6 ost o+ these w(ll t (nto the same /)c7et o):ll )se to collectthe so(l samples6 4o):ll also ha.e the pac7 o+ pH st*(ps6

Use o)* sho.el o* t*owel to d(, o* sc*ape awa JF o+ the s)*+ace so(l? now d(, )pthe ne8t JF to OF o+ so(l to collect a/o)t a c)p o* the 200 ml plast(c conta(ne*- andempt (t (nto the /)c7et o* pa(l6 Repeat th(s p*oced)*e at all .e po(nts ma*7ed ono)* so(l map6 The so(l sho)ld /e mo(st eno),h to d(, eas(l- /)t not m)dd6 I+ (t:s

too d* o):ll ha.e to ma7e mo*e eo*t- /)t o):ll st(ll ,et acc)*ate eno),h *es)lts6Use the pa(nt paddle o* o)* t*owel to m(8 the .e samples (nto a cons(stent mass6

B*(n, the m(8t)*e to a tap wh(ch (s the (**(,at(on wate*- and p)t eno),h wate* (ntothe pa(l to ma7e the so(l damp- /)t not so wet as to /ecome a loose m)d o* *)nn6Use o)* t*owel o* paddle to ma7e a sl(ce th*o),h the dampened so(l6 Ta7e a pHst*(p +*om (ts conta(ne*- /e(n, ca*e+)l to ha.e d* hands o* ,lo.es- place (t (n theopen sl(ce- and ,entl p*ess the so(l hal.es to,ethe*6 4o) sho)ld /e a/le to *emo.ethe st*(p / p)ll(n, (t o)t- o* )se o)* paddle to *eopen the so(l6 Now compa*e thest*(p:s damp colo)* w(th the scale p*o.(ded on the conta(ne* o* pac7a,e? t* to doth(s o)ts(de (n s)/d)ed s)nl(,ht- so as to ,et a h)e as t*)e as poss(/le6 #t*on,s)nl(,ht can wash the h)e eno),h to aect an acc)*ate *ead(n,6

The colo)* w(ll (nd(cate the a.e*a,e pH o+ o)* o.e*all ,a*den6 Th(s (s the .al)eo) w(ll )se to dete*m(ne how m)ch dolom(t(c l(mestone o* ,ps)m o) w(ll applo.e*all6 I+ o) a*e so +o*t)nate as to ha.e a pH o+ O62- then )se ,ps)m (nstead o+ dolom(te6 In most so(ls- (t )s)all ta7es J to 2 l/s W to 62 7(losX to *a(se the pH one(nte*.al- (6e6- +*om O60 to @60 pH- when sp*ead o.e* 100 s5 +t o* 9 s5 ms6

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


Now that o)>*e (n+o*med; "nwa*dD

%e /e,(n / e(the* clea*(n, the a*ea o+ weeds / hand o* )s(n, an he*/(c(de6Recent *est*(ct(ons (n B*(t(sh Col)m/(a on he*/(c(de )ses most l(7el mean do(n, th(s/ hand6 It>s /est to do th(s BE!"RE the weeds ,o to seed? (+ done a+te*wa*ds- theweed seeds w(ll /e planted as well6 #omet(mes o) ma need to /*(n, the ,*adeWthat (s- co**ect the slopeX )p to a des(*ed po(nt? (n that case o) ma w(sh tocons(de* the p)*chase and )se o+ a ,a*den so(l m(8t)*e +*om a local landscapemate*(als deale*6

%ARNING; /eca)se so(l m(8es a*e at the wh(m o+ the selle*- and a*e not *e,)lated/ laws o* P*o.(nc(al code- the>ll d(e* +*om ea* to ea*- depend(n, on the so)*cemate*(alWsX6 T* to ,et one on the sand s(deas o)* a*ea so(ls a*e al*ead cla$/ased6 4o) U#T 7eep (n m(nd that a c)/(c a*d o* mete* o+ most d* mate*(alss)ch as so(l- sand- m)lches- and sawd)st w(ll co.e* 100 s5)a*e +eet W10: [ 10:X to adepth o+ (nches6 #o (+ o) ha.e 00 s5)a*e +eet to m)lch- (t w(ll *e5)(*e c)/(ca*ds o* mete*s o+ mate*(al to ma7e a th(c7 lae*6 Ta7e t(me to meas)*e a*eas

and ma7e l(sts o+ how m)ch mate*(al o) w(ll need6

Clas m)st /e made open to wate* and a(*? the /est wa to do th(s (s to appl aphs(cal amendment6 !o* cla so(ls these w(ll /e coa*se sand- compost- sawd)st- o*a m(8t)*e o+ these6 olom(te l(me and ,ps)m o)* a*e /oth deemed to /echem(cal amendments- /)t (n t(me the(* act(on c*eates a phs(cal chan,e (n theso(l6 I+ the a*ea )nde* cons(de*at(on (s open eno),h to )se a small *otot(lle*- thensp*ead a lae* o+ coa*se sand- +ollowed / J o+ compost- m(8ed spec(es sawd)st-o* nel ,*o)nd /a*76 T(ll th(s )nde* to at least O deep o* mo*e- )nt(l o) ,et acons(stent te8t)*e +*ee o+ l)mps o* st*ea7s o+ colo)*ed mate*(als6

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


Peat moss (s now too e8pens(.e and not a ,ood cho(ce at th(s t(me6 Add(t(onall-(t depletes the *ema(n(n, peat /o,s wh(ch a*e meant to se*.e a .a*(et o+ wetlandand othe* +)nct(ons6 4o) can )se m(8ed spec(es sawd)st +*om a local m(ll- p*o.(ded(t does not conta(n mo*e than 10 ceda* o* p(neas the sap +*om these (s h(,h (ntann(ns- t)*ps- and *es(ns that (nh(/(t the *oot ,*owth o+ new plants6 Add(n,dolom(te l(me o* ,ps)m o)* w(ll also help o.e* t(me? )se 62 l/s o* 160 7, pe* 100

s5 +eet o+ land6

"nce the mate*(als a*e la(d down- ,et a complete +e*t(l(e* wa *at(o o+ $1$- andappl l/s pe* 100 s5 +t o+ s)*+ace6 A ,ood one that (s w(del a.a(la/le (s 1$@$1J6" N"T U#E +e*t(l(se* w(th add(t(.es s)ch as weed$7(lle*s when sta*t(n, a new lawno* c*eat(n, new /eds; the a*e onl +o* )se on well$esta/l(shed plants6 I*on ands)lph)* a*e neas the w(ll help the new so(l th*(.e6 Rotot(ll these O to = deep?o):ll l(7el ha.e to ma7e se.e*al passes- as (t w(ll not /e poss(/le to t(ll mo*e than o* deep at a t(me6 Cont(n)e ,o(n, /ac7 and +o*th )nt(l o) a*e sat(sed thatthe*e (s a new- )n(+o*m te8t)*e and appea*ance6 Th(s (s the s(n,le "#T (mpo*tantact(on o) w(ll pe*+o*m- as (t c*eates so(l (n :,ood hea*t: that w(ll s)ppo*t all o)*late* eo*ts6 I+ o) s7(mp at th(s ea*l sta,e- o) w(ll pa +o* (t o.e* and o.e* (n

+)t)*e6

" N"T APPL4 an +o*m o+ LIE at th(s po(nt? l(me (s /est appl(ed (n "cto/e*- <)stahead o+ !all *a(n and %(nte* snows that melt and ca** (t (nto the *oot one o+ o)*newl made ,a*dens and lawns6 !a*me*s do th(s t*ad(t(onall- as (t (s the mosteconom(cal wa to ,et c*)c(al calc()m (nto so(ls6

AL%A4# )se the dolom(t(c +o*m o+ l(meas (t s)ppl(es c*)c(al ma,nes()m- wh(cho)* weste*n so(ls tend to lac76 Use a/o)t l/s pe* 100 s5 +t? th(s sho)ld *a(se thepH a/o)t one (nte*.al- sa +*om O to @6 I+ o) " N"T w(sh to *a(se the pH- then)se o)* o+ ,ps)m- a nat)*al p*od)ct +*om ocean depos(ts6 It (s e8cellent- as (ts)ppl(es /oth calc()m and s)lph)*- anothe* element o)* so(ls lac76 Gps)m (s the:s)lph)* l(me: o+ olde* ,a*den /oo7s when the ment(on :l(m(n,: o+ *hododend*ons-aaleas- /l)e/e**(es- heathe*- etc6

Chapte* ; Land !o*m(n,

LAN !"RING (s the te*m that co.e*s all o+ the .a*(o)s ope*at(ons weemplo to ma7e the so(l:s s)*+ace s)(ta/le to p*od)ce the +ood- owe*s- and+o*est p*od)cts we most +a.o)*6 In ,ene*al- we spend !AR too m)ch t(mehoe(n, & weed(n,- and not nea*l eno),h en<o(n, the +*)(ts- owe*s-and +ol(a,e o+ o)* la/o)*6 Th(s (s /eca)se mo*e than a cent)* o+

elect*(cat(on and the appl(cat(on o+ e8tens(.e mechan(cal ad.anta,es made)s /el(e.e we a*e (n cont*ol and ha.e onl to p)sh a /)tton- o* call someoneto do a tas7 that we can:t /e /othe*ed to do6

4o) can ha.e the same /enets o+ health e8e*c(se- 5)al(t +ood- owe*s-and +*)(t / do(n, what o)* ,*andpa*ents d(d e.e*da (n the onl l(+e the7new6 Land +o*m(n, (s the /e,(nn(n, o+ that se5)ence o+ health e8e*c(se

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


and /enec(al *es)lts- and (s a ma<o* *eason wh we en<o ,a*den(n, asm)ch as we do; we ma7e th(s ,a*den o)*s / wo*7(n, (n (t6 #tep )p andcla(m o)* (nhe*(tanceD

Now that o):.e p*epa*ed o)* ,a*den so(l as a/o.e- o) a*e *ead tosp*ead (t o)t and co**ect an dec(enc(es o+ ,*ade6 Beca)se th(s (s newl

made so(l- o) m)st allow 0 +o* compact(on d)*(n, the *st ea* (t (s (nplace6 In p*act(ce- th(s means o) need to place /etween and mo*e mate*(al than what o) e8pect the n(shed he(,ht to /e (n a ea*6%hen we c*eate new so(l o* (mp*o.e an e8(st(n, one- we (nt*od)ce a(* as wellas mate*(als? o.e* t(me these w(ll /e comp*essed / o)* wal7(n, on (t- o*p)sh(n, a wheel /a**ow- *a(n and (**(,at(on6 !o* e8ample; (+ o) appl 1 o+new so(l- o) sho)ld e8pect (t to /e no mo*e than 10 h(,h a+te* one ea*6

I+ o) )se an o*,an(c m)lch $$and compost (s / +a* the /est$$ place am(n(m)m (n(t(all- and e8pect to lose a/o)t an (nch pe* ea* to

ea*thwo*ms- so(l +)n,(- and o.e*all compost(n, eects6 %h(le these a*e notne,at(.e eects- o) m)st ma(nta(n that (+ o) w(sh to *eta(n (ts /enets6".e* t(me as the so(l de.elops mo*e :hea*t: th(s *ate w(ll slow- and o) cane.ent)all s(mpl allow the plants themsel.es to +)*n(sh the m)lch theneed- <)st as Nat)*e doesD To p)t a ,a*dene*>s (nte*p*etat(on on one o+ themost +am(l(a* l(nes +*om the G*ee7 #c*(pt)*es- Loo7 at Nat)*e and all #hedoesD #he ne(the* *eaps- no* does #he sow- et e.en #olomon (n all h(s ,lo*was clothed / he*6F

A+te* o):.e made the new /e*ms o* mo)nds- n(sh$*a7e the o.e*all

s)*+ace- loo7 at (t c*(t(call- and see (+ the*e a*e places whe*e a ,entle swalew(ll /e )se+)l (n +)t)*e6 A swale (s a ,*ad)al c)*.(n, dep*ess(on (n theland+o*m that allows e8cess wate* to collect (n a cont*olled *)n$o6 These a*e)s)all made pa*allel to the ed,e o+ a /ed- a path- a *oad o* *(,ht$o+$wa- anplaces whe*e o) do not want wate* to sp(ll o* cascade6 Good e8amples a*e+o)nd locall on new landscape (nstallat(ons- o* an on$l(ne how to we/$s(tes)ch as http;www6ehow6comhow@=0O@@9ma7e$d*a(na,e$swale6html6

ULCHING; A m)lch can e(the* an o*,an(c mate*(al o* an (no*,an(c one6"*,an(c mate*(als deca and ma7e the(* wa (nto the s(te so(l-

slowl (mp*o.(n, (t w(tho)t mo*e wo*7 on o)* pa*t6 Ino*,an(c m)lchescannot do th(s- /)t the tend to /e pe*manent and not *e5)(*e as m)chma(ntenance o* *eplacement6 %h(ch one (s /est +o* o)* ,a*den depends onthe la o+ the land- the d(Mc)lt (n ,ett(n, s)(ta/le mate*(als- and the ease$$o* lac7 o+ (tD$$ (n ,ett(n, that mate*(al (nto place6 I+ o) m)st /*(n, (t )p a,*ade- then o*,an(c mate*(als we(,h less and w(ll /e a /ette* cho(ce6

I+ the a*ea (s d(Mc)lt to ma(nta(n- o):ll want to )se stone s)ch as ,*a.el- o*e.en co//les- depend(n, on the n(sh loo7 o) p*e+e* and a.a(la/(l(t o+ the

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7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


mate*(als6 I+ o) th(n7 th(s (s too m)ch wo*7- please stop and *emem/e*;m)lch(n, (s the s(n,le ,*eatest /enet o) can /*(n, to o)* ,a*den6PERI"6

GE"TE[TILE (s the ,ene*(c name +o* landscape +a/*(cs- and what (t means+o* o)6

The )se o+ a landscape +a/*(c (s st(ll a cont*o.e*s(al top(c? the*e a*e ,ood*easons +o* the .a*(o)s pos(t(ons ta7en / )se*s- and wh(le some o+ theseo.e*lap- othe*s do not- so o):ll ha.e to ,(.e th(s some tho),ht as to lon,$te*m eects6 In /*(e+- whate.e* o) dec(de to )se m)st meet these c*(te*(a;

16 It U#T /e pe*mea/le to wate* and a(*- othe*w(se the so(l en.(*onmentw(ll decl(ne (nto one loaded w(th anae*o/(c m(c*o$o*,an(sms that de,*ade thes(te- (nstead o+ ae*o/(c ones that do /oth the plants and the so(l endless,ood6

6 ')st as w(th m)lch mate*(als- (t sho)ld /e mate*(al eas(l located (n o)*

a*ea- so the cost to *eplace (t (s ao*da/le6

6 Be s)*e (t>s *ml sec)*ed w(th plent o+ steel p(ns- wh(ch not alwas+)*n(shed w(th the +a/*(c- so that the ,eote8t(le and m)lch sta (n place )nde*,a*den(n, act(.(t(es6 I )se a p(n e.e* JF to 0F on at to ,entl slop(n,so(ls? (+ the ,*ade (s mo*e than 2 o):ll need a p(n e.e* 1 to 12 toens)*e that (t doesn:t mo.e when o) *st (nstall (t and late* wal7 o.e* (t6 2(s the same as a .e (nches +all o* (ncl(ne (n e(,ht +eet o+ *)n6

J6 4o)* /as(c cho(ce (s /etween a plast(c o* polme* tpe o* an o*,an(cplant$so)*ced 7(nd s)ch as /)*lap o* <)te- wh(ch w(ll deca (n a ea* o* two6 I+ o) choose plast(c- /e s)*e (t (s .entedD Newspape*s a*e ,ood m)lch (+

the>*e +*ee o+ metall(c (n7s? sawd)st (s e8cellent- /)t *e5)(*es 1 l/ o+ammon()m s)l+ate pe* 100 s5 +eet co.e*a,e- and (t m)st /e placed a+te* the+e*t(l(se* (s appl(ed and m(8ed w(th (t- to ass(st (n compost(n,6

Chapte* ; I**(,at(on and %ate*(n,

I**(,at(on%ate*(n, Cons(de*at(ons; He*e o)* cho(ces a*e *eall onl two-e(the* man)al appl(cat(on o* )se o+ a mechan(cal ando* elect*(call ope*atedde.(ceWsX6 In an e.ent- the ,oal (s a s(mple one; eno),h wate* m)st /e

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


appl(ed and *eta(ned to +)*n(sh the plants w(th all the *e5)(*e /etweenwate*(n,s6 Th(s so)nds s(mple- /)t ma /e d(Mc)lt to accompl(sh (n +act6 In,ene*al- (t (s /est to appl at least 1 o+ wate* at e.e* (**(,at(on6

4o) can most eas(l meas)*e th(s w(th a clea* plast(c conta(ne* set o)td)*(n, a TIE (nte*.al- sa 0 m(n)tes at *st6 !(ne$pa*t(cle cla so(ls d*

o)t mo*e slowl than a sand one *(ch (n h)m)s- so o):ll ha.e to chec7 a+te*se.e*al wate*(n,s to see how well (t penet*ated and how lon, to /ecome d*a,a(n6 I+ o) nd wate* s(tt(n, (n p)ddles o* (n one a*ea- th(s (nd(cates (t (sN"T d*a(n(n, well and needs attent(on A#AP6

The*e>s a lot o+ cont*o.e*s whethe* one sho)ld (**(,ate d)*(n, the da- asdat(me s)n and heat (nc*ease e.apo*at(on and th(s- (n t)*n- (s sa(d to :waste:wate*6 I d(sa,*ee- as wate* cannot /e :wasted: (n an wa; (t me*el chan,es+o*m and ente*s the atmosphe*e6 I! the*e (s ade5)ate wate*- howe.e*- I/el(e.e a showe*(n, o+ plant +ol(a,e (s app*ec(ated / them- and *ed)cesha*m+)l depos(ts o+ *oad d)st and othe* poll)t(on6 Howe.e*- (t (s N"T a ,oodp*act(ce to wate* late (n the da- as damp +ol(a,e (s VER4 s)scept(/le to

/acte*(al and +)n,o(d (n.as(ons at n(,ht6 The /est t(me (s )s)all +*om ;00a6m6 )nt(l @;00 a6m6 !(*stl- the h)man pop)lat(on (sn:t apt to )se as m)chwate* then- so wate* p*ess)*e w(ll /e /ette*6 #econdl- wa*me* dat(metempe*at)*es w(ll d* the +ol(a,e and a.o(d wate*$/o*ne d(seases6

o not wa(t )nt(l plants w(lt /e+o*e anothe* wate*(n,- as pe*manent dama,ecan happen6

I+ o):*e ,o(n, awa and do not ha.e an (**(,at(on sstem- a**an,e +o*someone to do th(s at the t(mes o)* ,a*den (s acc)stomed to /e(n,wate*ed6 As stated a/o.e- (+ o):.e appl(ed at least o*,an(c m)lch- thenthe wate*(n, *e5)(*ement w(ll /e mo*e mode*ate than /a*e so(ls6 Ba*e so(ls

allow weeds to ,*ow- so a shallow hoe(n, e.e* wee7 w(ll /e *e5)(*ed? th(salso helps the so(l to *eta(n mo(st)*e6 Let me *epeat; a m)lch (s the /est wato *ed)ce /oth wate*(n, and weed(n,D

Now to ma7e someth(n, that /oth wo*7s +o* )s and also (nc*eases theland>s p*od)ct(.(t- wh(le p)tt(n, (t (nto /ette* hea*t / the end o+ each,a*den ea*D

Chapte* J; Plant Tpes and The(* Uses

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


PLANT T4PE# AN THEIR U#E#; %hat o) need to 7now a*e the ,ene*alpo(nts that ,o.e*n o)* select(on o+ a s)(ta/le plant +*om the 100 Best Plants+o* the )seWsX (ntended6 These we*e *st ment(oned a/o.e- /)t I>ll *epeat

them he*e to sa.e t(me;

16 The plant sho)ld oe* as m)ch (nte*est as poss(/le (n e(the* +o*m- te8t)*e-owe*(n,- o* +ol(a,e66 It m)st /e as low ma(ntenance as poss(/le- cons(stent w(th ,oodappea*ance66 It sho)ld /e h(,hl (nsect and d(sease *es(stant- so as to *e5)(*e m(n(m)ma+te*ca*e6J6 It m)st *e5)(*e l(ttle p*)n(n,- and (+ (t does- then as an ann)al e.ent- notse.e*al t(mes a ea*626 !(nall- (t sho)ld not /e o.e*l e8ot(c- so (+ one o* two pe*(sh the can /e*ead(l *eplaced and *ec*eate the des(*ed landscape n(shed appea*ance6

Ha.(n, sa(d that- I:.e de.eloped an INTER$ACTIVE PLANT !INER & L(st o+the 100 Best Plants +o* ,ene*al landscap(n,- and (t sta*ts /elow- /e+o*e we,et (nto the act)al plant tpes and c)lt(.at(on6 Please ta7e some t(me to+am(l(a*(se o)*sel+ w(th (t- as o) can *e+e* to (t as o) p*o,*ess th*o),h thePlant Tpes sect(on /elow6

!o* th(s p)*pose- I dec(ded to )se on*o.(a N)*se*:s on$l(ne catalo,)e-/eca)se o) can eas(l ,o to the(* we/s(te; httpwww6mon*o.(a6complant$catalo, to loo7 at plant cho(ces6 4o):ll nd that;

16 (t (s .e* e8tens(.e- wplant mate*(al +*om ones th*o),h 10- and

6 most n)*se*(es e(the* stoc7 o* can ,et the same (tem he*e on the Island6I+ the don:t ha.e (t then contact me- and I:ll so)*ce (t +*om m s)ppl(e*s onthe ma(nland- who ma7e wee7l del(.e*(es he*e d)*(n, the ,*ow(n, season6

!(nall- (+ o) a/sol)tel cannot nd what o) want o* ha.e d(Mc)lt (nma7(n, a cho(ce +*om so man- send me an ema(l and we:ll wo*7 th*o),h (tto,ethe*; <e+asc(an(Zshaw6ca

Compost(n, and the C*eated Landscape

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7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


The Eas(est Ve,,(e Ga*den 4o)>ll E.e* G*ow-and the /est one +o* o)D

WTh(s w(ll /e the last sect(on to /e de.eloped6X

]]]]]o0o]]]]]

The 100 Best Plants and How to Use Them

He*e (s the on*o.(a catalo,)e on$l(ne;

http;www6mon*o.(a6complant$catalo,sea*ch6phpQcommonnameS&/otan(calnameSH&so*t/S/otan(calname

It (s a .e* eas we/s(te to )se- and teaches as one )ses (t6 I w(ll he*e ,(.ee8amples +o* owe*(n, t*ees6 !o* sta*te*s- let:s loo7 at 'apanese st*a8 andtwo othe* small owe*(n, t*ees;http;www6mon*o.(a6complant$catalo,plants11<apanese$snow/ell$t*ee6php

#t*a8 /ecame <)stl pop)la* (n o)* a*ea /eca)se o+ (ts m)lt(ple .(*t)es; (tts )*/an$s(ed landscapes- (s *elat(.el pest and d(sease +*ee- and has



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7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


+*a,*ant- /ell$shaped wh(te o* p(n7 owe*s that when canop(ed o.e*headc*eate a s)/l(me woodland e8pe*(ence6 Its small lea.es ha.e a wa*m ,olden$ellow A)t)mn colo)*- a*e o (n a sho*t t(me- and /eca)se o+ the(* small s(ea*e eas(l l(+ted o* /lown- so one o* two *a7e$)ps a*e s)Mc(ent6 As (t a,es- (ts/a*7 ,*ad)all ac5)(*es att*act(.e- s)/tl colo)*ed- th(n lae*s that *eect%(nte*:s l(,ht well6 I ment(on these po(nts as the a*e ones o):ll )se when

o) cons(de* the cho(ces o) ha.e to cons(de*6

Ne8t- let>s t)*n to La,e*st*oem(a (nd(ca- commonl 7nown as c*ape m*tle-an o.e*$loo7ed plant w(th a lon, /loom(n, season6 Altho),h o*(,(nallso)*ced +*om the t*op(cal Pac(c- m)ch ha*d(e* .a*(et(es ha.e /een de.elopedat the Un(.e*s(t o+ "7lahoma- and these allow (t to /e ,*own (n m(ld cl(matesw(th l(,ht +*osts and +*ee(n,6 As w(th #t*a8- (t has small lea.es that oe*/*(,ht a)t)mn colo)*- a*e eas(l collected a+te*wa*ds- and (ts /a*7 oe*s%(nte* colo)* and te8t)*es as well6

And nall- I>ll (ncl)de the ha*d(est o+ all- the #*(an$so)*ced H(/(sc)ss*(ac)s o* Rose o+ #ha*on wh(ch- than7s to h/*(ds- we now ha.e (n a w(de

.a*(et o+ c)lt(.a*s that /loom as lon, as .e months- a *ema*7a/le +eat (nan cl(mate- and s)*.(.e $0> %(nte*sD

Ne8t- ,o to http;www6mon*o.(a6complant$catalo,plants0p)*ple$towe*$c*ape$m*tle6php

Ne8t- ,o to http;www6mon*o.(a6complant$catalo,plants1@20tonto$c*ape$m*tle6php

Ne8t- ,o tohttp;www6mon*o.(a6complant$catalo,[email protected]$*oal$del(,ht$c*ape$m*tle6php

Ne8t- ,o to http;www6mon*o.(a6complant$catalo,plants99J/)*,)nd$cotton$c*ape$m*tle6php

Ne8t- ,o to http;www6mon*o.(a6complant$catalo,plants1@pecos$c*ape$m*tle6php

N"TE; Gett(n, c*ape m*tle won>t /e eas- /)t m contacts amon, ,*owe*s(n BC n)*se* t*ades w(ll come th*o),h- (+ we /) at least 2 at one t(me6 I+o) dec(de to /) one o* two o+ these- I:ll /) anothe* th*ee o* +o)* to ma7ethe m(n(m)m wholesale lot6 I chose ones that we*e smalle* (n s(e- had coldha*d(ness- and we*e mo*e )p*(,ht (n ,*owth6 The a*e ce*ta(nl amon, the

most ,o*,eo)s o+ all plants- and /ea)t(+)l (n all seasons6 It (s one o+ l(+e>s,*eatest pleas)*es to see these ma,n(cent plants pe*+o*m /ea)t(+)ll- wee7a+te* wee7 a+te* wee7- e.en (n the hottest weathe*- as the ne.e* +a(l tope*+o*m- e.en d)*(n, d*o),ht- (+ s)ppl(ed w(th m(n(m)m wate*6 T)*n(n, to anothe* ,en)s wh(ch oe*s a lot o+ opt(ons and (s eas to

c)lt(.ate- please ,o to th(s l(n7 to the ha*d h(/(sc)s pa,es- as the*e a*eman new h/*(ds (n colo)*s- +o*ms- and s(es; http;www6mon*o.(a6complant$catalo,sea*ch6phpQ5)e*Sh(/(sc)ss*(ac)s&8S=&S2

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7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


All o+ the :Rose o+ #ha*on: a*e .e* eas to ,*ow- low ca*e /ea)t(es w(th a/loom(n, season +*om ')ne )nt(l +*ost6 The(* A)t)mn colo)* (s /)tte* ellow-and eas(l t*a(ned as a s(n,le$ o* m)lt($stem pat(o t*ee- to 1: [ 1:ma8(m)m6

The(* s(e and colo)*s a*e the most most (mpo*tant +acto*s6 I+ o) ha.e*elat(.el small a*eas to ll- loo7 at :Bl)sh(n, B*(de:- :ath(lde:- :VPa)**(:-:Notwoodth*ee:- :B*(c)tts:Ch(na Ch(on- :Helene:- (ne*.a:- :(n*osa:- as thea*e all ,ood cho(ces6

The Ha*d (mosa- o* P(n7 #(l7 !loss T*ee- (s (s anothe* lon, seasonal/loome*6 The deepe* p(n7 +o*ms a*e sa(d to /e somewhat mo*e cold ha*dand compact (n s(e6 Its wood (s *athe* wea7 and /*(ttle- so (t (s p*one to spl(tand /*ea7 a+te* a wet snow6 In o)* a*eas the *e5)(*e ha*d p*)n(n, a+te*/loom; th(s w(ll de.elop st*on,e* l(m/s and a /ette* scaold st*)ct)*e (n casewe ,et hea. wet snow6

He*e:s a ,ood new .a*(et; o* Al/((a <)l(/*(ss(n:Bo)/*(:http;www6mon*o.(a6complant$catalo,plants@0m(mosa$t*ee6php

Anothe* $$and ha*d(e*$$ poss(/(l(t a*e the do,woods- (n p(n7 and wh(te6 The ha.e a sho*te* /loom pe*(od than the c*ape m*tle o* Rose o+ #ha*on-/)t a*e lon,e*$l(.ed (n o)* cl(mate; http;www6mon*o.(a6complant$catalo,plants9p(n7$<apanese$do,wood6php

Ne8t- ,o to http;www6mon*o.(a6complant$catalo,plants91a)*o*a$do,wood6php

These a*e onl a sta*t- /)t w(ll ,(.e o) a w(de *an,e o+ cho(ce6 I+ o)* local

n)*se* doesn:t ha.e them- let me 7now what o) l(7e A#AP- and I:ll so)*cethem +*om ,*owe*s I 7now (n BC6 In a +ew cases- the ma ha.e to /eo*de*ed +*om on*o.(a>s n)*se*(es (n "*e,on o* Cal(+o*n(a- wh(ch can ta7e months to a**(.e6

Ha.(n, stated that- the +act (s that (n the V(cto*(a a*ea- (ncl)d(n, thePen(ns)la and on the Island ,ene*all- the /est t(me +o* plant(n, (s lateA)t)mn- <)st /e+o*e %(nte* *a(ns /e,(n? the plant can *oot (nto place /e+o*e#p*(n, a**(.es- when Nat)*e>s m*(ad s(,nals p*ompt *oot and shoot ,*owth to/e,(n- c)lm(nat(n, (n owe*s and *ep*od)ct(on6 As a *)le- o) can e8pect )pto 20 mo*e ,*owth (n (ts *st esta/l(shment ea* +*om an A)t)mn(nstallat(on than +*om the same plant (nstalled (n the #p*(n, +ollow(n,6

Plant Tpes and The(* Uses

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7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


Plants a*e ,ene*all one o+ the +ollow(n, classes o* tpes;

A6 A,*(c)lt)*al and +o*a,e; a,*(c)lt)*al (s +o* h)man +oods- wh(le +o*a,e (s+o* an(mal +eed$stoc7s6 B6 eco*at(.e o* o*namental; )s)all non$ed(/le plants ,*own +o* h)manaesthet(c *easons and appl(cat(ons6

C6 Comme*c(al o* (nd)st*(al$)t(l(t; these a*e +o*ests +o* l)m/e*-w(nd/*ea7s- e*os(on cont*ol- wetland mana,ement- te8t(les +o* wea.(n, andsp(nn(n,- and so on6

Home ,a*dens a*e )s)all l(m(ted to ho*t(c)lt)*al o* o*namental plants +o*the most pa*t- w(th the occas(onal m(8ed dwa*+ +*)(t t*ee plant(n,6 !o*est and+o*a,e c*ops ta7e +a* too m)ch space and wate* +o* )*/an and s)/)*/an lots6")* p*(ma* conce*ns +o* the plants we choose a*e )s)all l(m(ted / the+ollow(n,;

A6 The(* s(e on mat)*(t? and B6 the(* ease o+ ca*e & c)lt(.at(on WC&CX? o*

C6 / the(* *es(stance to pests & d(seases WP&X? and6 local a.a(la/(l(t o+ the most des(*a/le c)lt(.a*s- wh(ch tend to /e newe*

ones6

In ,ene*al- /) dwa*+ Ws(e on mat)*(t o* eas(l 7ept to less than 162 m H [%X- and sem($dwa*+ .a*(et(es Ws(e on mat)*(t o* eas(l 7ept to less than 60m H [ %X (n /oth owe*(n, and +*)(t(n, plants- as the:ll pe*+o*m <)st as well(n o)* mo*e l(m(ted )*/an & s)/)*/an spaces6 In +act- nea*l all comme*c(alo*cha*ds ha.e con.e*ted to +)ll dwa*+ and sem($dwa*+ .a*(et(es (n the pastth(*t$.e ea*s- as mo*e +*)(t pe* ac*e can /e p*od)ced than +)ll$s(e t*ees6Less la/o)* (s needed- and the e5)(pment (s also smalle* and less costl6

Plants +ollow +o*m and +)nct(on- and NEVER de.(ateD

That plants +ollow +o*m and +)nct(on- and can NEVER de.(ate (s one o+ thetwo most (mpo*tant ,a*den concepts I can e.e* (mpa*t to o)- alon, w(th th(s/est$poss(/le ad.(ce; on p*)n(n,; P*)ne a+te* /loom- and o):ll ne.e* ma7e am(sta7eD o*e +ool(shness has /een w*(tten a/o)t p*)n(n, than an othe*s)/<ect e8cept h)man ch(ld$*ea*(n,6 Plants *espond to ca*e & c)lt(.at(on (n.e* p*ed(cta/le- cons(stent was- so m)ch so that we can a/sol)tel *el onthem to ,*ow o* owe* (n the waWsX we most des(*e o+ them6 B the sameto7en- wh a*e we s)*p*(sed when the /ecome d(sto*ted and s(c7lQ

The Ge*mans ha.e an ho*t(c)lt)*al p*o.e*/- The less c)t- the so)nde* theplant and (t ma7es pe*+ect sense6 All plants Wand an(mals and (ndeed- alll(.(n, c*(tte*sX U#T +ollow the encod(n, wh(ch (s the(* RNA & NA; (t:s not amatte* o+ cho(ce- we s(mpl cannot do othe*w(se6 L(+e (s not a *oll o+ the d(cew(th e.e* l(+e that comes (nto /e(n,; +o* an and all l(+e+o*ms to s)cceed-the all m)st *epeatedl tell the sto* o+ the(* (nhe*(tance6 !o* e8ample-some *hododend*ons a*e mo*e cold$*es(stant than othe*s- some a*e mo*eshade$tole*ant- and et othe*s can ta7e +a* mo*e s)n6 The*e (s a ,*eat deal o+

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.a*(at(on w(th(n an ,en)s- /)t not .e* m)ch w(th(n the spec(es- apa*t +*omm)tat(ons- select(.e /*eed(n,- and so on6

H)mans a*e *eall not m)ch d(e*ent? (n +act- we sha*e 2-000 chem(calcompo)nds w(th plants- and e.en show s(,ns o+ the same p*o/lems6 ')st assome people a*e (*on anem(c- so do plants show th(s as (*on chlo*os(s- a

lessen(n, o+ ,*een that shows as pale* spaces /etween the plant:s .e(ns6Whttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChlorosisX

Chapte* 2;

Compos(n, a C*eated Landscape

The +t ea*s I:.e spent (n landscape des(,n and en.(*onmental

enhancement ta),ht me that we m)st wo*7 w(th Nat)*e and not w(tho)t he*-

)nless we w(ll(n,l accept that we w(ll +a(l at some po(nt6 No ,a*dene* I 7now

accepts +a(l)*e as a ,(.en o)tcome; we w(sh to s)cceed at whate.e* aspect o+

ca*e and c)lt(.at(on WC&CX we tac7le- whethe* +ood- owe*s- o* +ol(a,e6

*st p*(nc(ples o+ des(,n a*e +o)nded )pon m +t ea*s o+ closeo/se*.at(on- t*(al and e**o*- and the *eco*d o+ m own and m cl(ents>

s)ccesses o* +a(l)*es6 The +act (s that wh(le we m)st wo*7 w(th(n /o)nda*(es

posed / Nat)*e- th(s l(m(ts ne(the* o)* c*eat(.(t no* o)* o)tcomes- cont*a*

to some people:s /el(e+s6 A+te* all- these a*e the same l(m(ts and .a*(a/les

that allowed Nat)*e to s)cceed +o* mo*e than 20-000-000 ea*s /e+o*e we

a**(.ed- and Nat)*e w(ll end)*e lon, a+te* o)* pass(n, +*om the landscape6

The ,)(d(n, p*(nc(ple +o* all we attempt to do (n o)* l(.es (s a *ema*7a/ls(mple one- /)t (t (sn>t ta),ht +*e5)entl eno),h- no* (s (t o/se*.ed as m)chas (t dese*.es;

%e e(the* wo*7 w(th Nat)*e- o* we wo*7 w(tho)t Nat)*e- and when wechoose to wo*7 w(tho)t we a*e doomed to sel+$de+eat6

Now- let )s p*oceed (nto pos(t(.e o)tcomes and ass)*ed s)ccessesD

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorosis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorosis

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16 AL%A4# plant l(7e w(th l(7e$so)*ced plants6

That (s- the plants sho)ld *eect s(m(la* o* pa*allel o*(,(ns6 I+ the a*e +*omwetlands o* nea*$dese*ts- )nde*$sto* plants /elow +o*est canop- (n +)ll s)no* +)ll shade- and so onall these plants a*e en.(*onmental compan(ons- and

m)st /e handled as s)ch- ne.e* m(nd o)* (deas and (ntents6

#o- to )se an o.e*l o/.(o)s e8ample- NEVER plant d*$land plants (n a /edw(th wet$land ones6 The amo)nt o+ wate* needed / one w(ll d*own theothe*? et as s(mple as th(s (s- +a* too man people st(ll t* to ma7e th(ss(t)at(on wo*7- /)t (t cannot- not e.e*6

He*e:s a s(mple ,)(de; all plants w(th s(l.e*- /l)e- o* ,*e +ol(a,e a*e oneswh(ch *e5)(*e pe*+ect d*a(na,e- +)ll s)n- and )s)all onl wee7l wate*(n,-altho),h a tho*o),h one6 As s(mple as th(s (s- how man t(mes d(d o) hea*d(t +*om the cle*7 when o) went to /) the plant o) ado*ed and wanted (no)* ,a*denQ It (s *a*e that *eta(l sta (s e(the* well$t*a(ned eno),h o*

7nowled,ea/le eno),h to oe* e.en th(s s(mple /)t eect(.e ad.(ce at thet(me o+ p)*chase6

And please- BE%ARE o+ sweep(n, ,ene*al(sat(ons s)ch as :shade$lo.(n,:and :s)n$lo.(n,: when appl(ed to ent(*e classes o+ plants6 The /est s(mplee8ample I can ,(.e o) (s that o+ *hododend*ons and aaleas6 o*e o+ theseha.e /een dama,ed / +ool(sh ad.(ce that I ca*e to 7now a/o)t- /)t +o* the*eco*d- he*e:s the *eal s7(..; LARGE$lea.ed plants a*e mo*e shade tole*ant-and #ALL$lea.ed ones a*e mo*e s)n tole*ant6 Pe*(od6

A.o(d plant(n, la*,e lea+ ones (n st*on, s)n as the p*e+e* East o* %este8pos)*e6 Use the smalle* lea.ed ones +o* s)nn(e* s(tes- o* ,o o.e* to thedec(d)o)s aaleas (nstead6 an o+ the small lea+ e.e*,*een aaleas a*e*ema*7a/l s)n tole*ant- (+ not dep*(.ed o+ wate* d)*(n, the da- and theha.e a h)m)s$*(ch so(l that *eta(ns wate*6

6 Ne8t- AL%A4# compose the landscape o) des(*e w(th Nat)*e as a,)(de6

%hat w(ll help o) he*e (s to *ecall how she does he* ma,(c; noth(n, (s e.e*done m(se*l- a ,ene*o)s hand (s alwas p*esent to +oste* the /est o)tcomes-and these a*e alwas the most d(.e*se6 a*w(n sa(d pop)lat(ons ,*ad)alladapt to ll e.e* en.(*onmental n(che- and wh(le plants ma do th(s mo*eslowl than an(mals- th(s (s what has /*o),ht )s the ones we p*esentl ha.e?the same p*ocess w(ll c*eate new tpes (n +)t)*e- lon, a+te* we a*e,one6 Nat)*e c*eates comm)n(t(es- and that (s o)* tas7 as well6 Noth(n, elsew(ll s)cceed (n e(the* pleas(n, )s (n (ts o)tcome o* (n (ts appeal6

Noth(n, +eels /ette* to )s than a new landscape c*eated )nde* the,)(dance o+ o)* (nhe*(tance6 #o accept and plant 7now(n, that a s(n,le plant(s a *a*(t? colon(es and sweep(n, .(stas a*e mo*e the no*m6 !o* e8ample-when o) (nstall a s(n,le spec(men o):.e (solated (t +*om (ts +ellow mem/e*s

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and comm)n(t- so (t w(ll alwas stand o)t6 Th(s (s ne (+ that o)tcome (swhat o) (ntended- s)ch as a sent(nel plant(n, o* ent* ma*7e*- o* the cent*alplant (n a +o*mal d(spla- someth(n, I t* to a.o(d do(n,- /)t s)ch lao)ts a*est(ll pop)la* and app*op*(ate (n ce*ta(n sett(n,s- s)ch as cele/*at(on s(tes6

I ha.e a +ew *)les on th(s theme- and the a*e as +ollows6 All a*e /ased on

close o/se*.at(on o+ Nat)*e- and *eect that po(nt o+ .(ew6 I+ I ha.e a ca*d(nal*)le- (t (s th(s that I ne.e* p*oceed +*om des(,n; the des(,n U#T +ollow +*om+)nct(on6 Anth(n, else (s a l(e (mposed +*om o)* all$too$man /(ases6

A6 A s(n,le plant (s alwas a spec(men- a p*(ma donna- a sent(nel- a show$o- the dom(nato* (n o)* en.(*onment6 Howe.e*- once o) plant th*ee o*mo*e o) ha.e a 7(nd*ed ,*o)p that mo.es towa*d comm)n(t6 "dd n)m/e*salwas loo7 the /est- so - 2- @- 9-and so on a*e the ones to 7eep (n m(nd aso) compose o)* landscape6 Alwas a.o(d pa(*s- espec(all (n a smmet*(caldes(,n- )nless o) a*e esta/l(sh(n, a stat(c +o*mal d(spla ,a*den- s)ch as the

E)*opean$stle ,a*den I c*eated at !a(*ha.en !a*m- #aan(chton- BC- (n 1992$199=6

B6 I+- when o) stand o* s(t- o) can .(ew the ent(*e landscape )nde*cons(de*at(on (n a s(n,le ,ae- then NEVER )se mo*e than .e plant +am(l(eso* ,en)s- as /eond th(s n)m/e* (t /ecomes o.e*l comple8 to ad<)st theen.(*onment to the(* l(7(n,6 I+ th(s (s not et clea* / now- please ema(l meW <e+asc(an(Zshaw6caX +o* +)*the* e8planat(on6 The /elow (s what (t means (n/*(e+6 Howe.e*- when (t comes to sett(n, the selected plant (nto (ts newhome- ne.e* plant less than - to ens)*e that an ade5)ate statement (smade6

C6 The E*(caceae +am(l (s a la*,e one- alon, w(th Rosa- so I:ll )se these twoas e8empla*s +o* the *est o+ the plant 7(n,dom6

Go to http;en6w(7(ped(a6o*,w(7(E*(caceae- +o* a ,ood o.e*.(ew o+ theent(*e +am(l6 4o):*e +am(l(a* w(th them as aaleas- heathe*s- p(e*(s- a*/)t)s-and *hododend*ons- /)t the*e a*e +a* mo*e- s)ch as en7(anth)s and 7alm(a-that a*e less well$7nown /)t wonde*+)ll ,*and (n the(* own wa6

%hen o) ,o to a standa*d *e+e*ence s(te s)ch as the one a/o.e- o):lllea*n that The +am(l (s la*,el composed o+ plants that can tole*ate ac(d(c-(n+e*t(le cond(t(ons6 Th(s (s c*)c(al (n+o*mat(on to help o) s)cceed (n o)*eo*ts6 To the e8tent that o) s)cceed (n c*eat(n, that en.(*onment- o) alsoc*eate the e8act same de,*ee to wh(ch o)* plants s)cceed6 Anth(n, elsew(ll +a(l- o* me*el s)*.(.e- *athe* than th*(.e6 !o* e8ample- *oses a*e nots)(ta/le +o* plant(n, amon, *hododend*ons- altho),h :*hodo: (s G*ee7 +o*:*ose:D

6 The Rosa +am(l (s an e.en la*,e* one- (ncl)d(n, a/o)t =0 spec(es (nn(net$.e ,ene*a; http;en6w(7(ped(a6o*,w(7(Rosaceae6 The a*e /est7nown / the(* mem/e*>s +*)(t and owe* p*od)ct(on- s)ch as apples- pea*s-


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ericaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ericaceae

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosaceae

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pl)ms- peaches- che**(es- etc6- and o+ co)*se the wo*ld$w(de pop)la* ,a*den*oses o+ owe* and +*a,*ance +ame6 Roses we*e c)lt(.ated / the E,pt(ansJ000 ea*s a,o as the /as(s +o* the(* +amo)s atta* pe*+)me t*ade6 Howe.e*-+ew people 7now that w(th(n th(s la*,e +am(l a*e also +o)nd +ood plantsWa,*(c)lt)*eX and owe*s Who*t(c)lt)*eX- an eno*mo)s spect*)m o+ h(,hl.a*(ed et closel *elated plants- s)ch as st*aw/e**(es- potent(llas- almonds-

cotoneaste*s- hawtho*ns- the so$called o)nta(n Ash- whose *ed$o*an,e +*)(t(s che*(shed / late !all /(*ds- and the R)/)s- whose /e**(es a*e lo.ed /h)mans and co)ntless an(mals wo*ld$w(de6

He*e o):ll nd mem/e*s o) can )se as s(n,le spec(mens Wt*ees andsh*)/sX as well as pe*enn(als and ,*o)nd$co.e*s6 As o) can *ead(l see +*omthe(* wo*ld$w(de d(st*(/)t(on and w(de .a*(et o+ cl(mates- (n ,ene*al thesetend to /e s)*.(.o*s o.e* a ,*eat *an,e o+ cond(t(ons- th)s adapta/le to thedemands we p)t on them6

Chapte* O;

Ga*den(n, (n the #hade- and Lo.(n, It

Th(s sect(on w(ll /e m)ch the same as the p*e.(o)s ones- (n wh(ch I:ll ,(.en an(nt*od)ct(on- then an o.e*.(ew- and nall )t we/s(tes that a*e *el(a/le- *(ch

so)*ces o+ )se+)l (n+o*mat(on6

The one that I d*aw on most hea.(l (shttp;www6ho)6com(dea/oo7sJ@O@@l(stwhats$w*on,$w(th$m$plant$lea.es$o+ten$hold$the$cl)es- as th(s s(te has man help+)l ad<)ncts that *elate to ,a*dendes(,n- ho*t(c)lt)*e- and ,ood ma(ntencance and c)lt)*al t(ps6

http://www.houzz.com/ideabooks/47233677/list/whats-wrong-with-my-plant-leaves-often-hold-the-clues/




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Chapte* @; The Eas(est Ve,,(e Ga*den 4o)>ll E.e*G*owD

Chapte* @;

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The 100 Best Plants +o* Landscap(n,

Glossa*

Inde8 o+ the 100 Best PlantsAlpha/et(call a**an,ed / ,en)s w(th(n cate,o*(es

PLEA#E N"TE;Ce*ta(n plants w(ll /e +o)nd (n mo*e than one cate,o*- as ,a*dene*s $$not Nat)*e$$ha.e made them se*.e mo*e than one )se- e.en (n some cases +o* wh(ch the a*enot well$s)(ted6 Amon, the most noto*(o)s oende*s he*e a*e se.e*al la*,econ(+e*s- as well as man /*oad$lea+ed e.e*,*een t*ees s)ch as the phot(n(as- thela)*els- *hododend*ons- the camell(as- and so on6 To po(nt these o)t- we>.e w*(ttenWNHX a+te* (ts name- to mean KNot Hed,(n,> (n an eo*t to *ed)ce plant a/)se andlowe* ma(ntenance costs6

T*ees

Ace* $

Co*n)s $

a.(d(a $

Ced*)s $

E)calpt)s $

!a,aeceae

!*emont(a cal(+o*n(ca;

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Th(s (s a sem($e.e*,*een small owe*(n, t*ee W12>H [ 12>% o* J62 [ J62 whent*a(ned to /e a standa*d w(th a O> headX o* la*,e sh*)/ Wsame s(eX- w(th +)-annel$l(7e lea.es and spectac)la* ,olden$ellow /lossoms6 It /ea*s the commonnames Cal(+o*n(a +*emont(a o* annel owe*- and (s one o+ two spec(es (n the ,en)s!*emontodend*on ^the othe* /e(n, !6 me8(can)m_- and (t has +o)* s)/spec(es6!*emont(a ha.e a lon, /loom(n, season and adapt well to hot- d*- *oc7 locat(ons6

That ma7es (t one o+ the .e* /est owe*(n, espal(e*s on an East- #o)th- o* %estwall- p*o.(ded the ,et ade5)ate wate* (n #)mme*s6

%h(le I ha.e +o)nd ellows and o*an,es the most d(Mc)lt colo)*s to (nte,*ate (ntoan landscape- the shee* /*a.ado o+ !*emont(a K#)mme* #howt(me> ma7es one+o*,(.e all (ts ,a /*ashness- as (t *a(ses o)* sp(*(ts and p*om(ses l(+e *enewede.e*mo*e6

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremontodendron

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremontodendron_mexicanum

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremontodendron

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fremontodendron_mexicanum

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G(n7,o /(lo/a

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Hales(a

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La)*el WNHX

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a,nol(a WNHX These +all (nto two ,*o)ps? the la*,est one (s that o+ the dec(d)o)s mem/e*s- andthe smalle* one (s that o+ the so$called Ke.e*,*een> oneswh(ch do as

*hododend*ons and othe* /*oadlea.ed tpes do- and shed the(* oldest lea.esann)all6 Ne(the* con(+e*s no* /*oadlea.ed e.e*,*een tpes 7eep an +ol(a,e mo*ethan th*ee seasons6 Un+o*t)natel th(s ma7es the e.e*,*een ones one o+ themess(est o+ landscape plants- alon, w(th a*/)t)s and e)calpt)s- as well as a *ehaa*d6

Both ma,nol(as and do,woods owe*s +ace )pwa*ds- so the a*e .(ewed at the(*/est when set /elow the plane o+ s(,ht- and s)nl(,ht +alls +*om /eh(nd the .(ewe*)nto them6

The 'apanese L(l$owe*(n, a,nol(a- shown he*e (n the A*/o*et)m de la Vall`e$a)8$Lo)ps- (s has pe*haps the lon,est /loom pe*(od o+ an ma,nol(a- )p to .e

monthsD

http;commons6w(7(med(a6o*,w(7(!(le;a,nol(al(l((o*a@N(,*a@owe*/L(ne16<p,

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arboretum_de_la_Vall%C3%A9e-aux-Loups


http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Magnolia_liliiflora_'Nigra'_flower_by_Line1.jpg



http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Magnolia_liliiflora_'Nigra'_flower_by_Line1.jpg

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"8dend*on

Pa**ot(a

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Phot(n(a WNHX

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P(cea

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P(n)s

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P*)n)s WNHX

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Ro/(n(a ps)edoacac(a Th(s (s a ,*o)p o+ c)lt(.a*s that ha.e se.e*al wh(ch owe* consp(c)o)sl- th*(.e)nde* a w(de *an,e o+ cond(t(ons- and as le,)mes mana,e to ,et / on less than(deal so(ls6 The photo /elow was ta7en /http;commons6w(7(med(a6o*,w(7(Use*;L(nCA91

Ro/(n(a pse)doacac(a :!*(s(a: (s the /est o+ the lot- as (t oe*s o)tstand(n,l/ea)t(+)l ,old$,*een +ol(a,e- espec(all (n #p*(n, and ea*l #)mme*6 The lea+ colo)*(s /est p*ese*.ed (n an East o* %est e8pos)*e- as da$lon, s)n w(ll dama,e the+ol(a,e- espec(all (+ the t*ee lac7s eno),h wate*6 a+te* esta/l(shment (t /ecomes a+ast ,*owe*- so the /*anches a*e lae*ed- wh(ch allows s)nl(,ht to dapple )nde*sto*plants wh(ch /enet +*om d()se *athe* than d(*ect s)nl(,ht6

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Lin%C3%A91


7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


http;commons6w(7(med(a6o*,w(7(Use*;L(nCA91

Its c*eam$wh(te- +*a,*ant owe*s han, (n ,*ape$l(7e cl)ste*s- m)ch the same asw(sta*(as- to wh(ch (t (s closel *elated6 I est(mate th(s spec(men to /e a/o)t twent$.e ea*s old6

Pte*oca*a;"+ Ch(nese o*(,(n Was a*e most plants and an(malsX- noted +o* the(* +ast ,*owth- easC&C- and h(,h *es(stance to P&- these ma7e ne shade t*ees e.en (n d(Mc)lts(t)at(ons s)ch as poo* so(l and *),,ed e8pos)*es6



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3)e*c)s;

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The oa7s a*e m(,ht t*ees o+ le,end and comme*ce- se*.(n, h)mans +*om sh(p$/)(ld(n, to w(ne & wh(s7e /a**els- /)(ld(n, t(m/e*s to +atten(n, p(,s (n the A)t)mn-e.en co*7 +o* /ottl(n, and oo*(n,D The also ,(.e )s ,o*,eo)s d(splas o+ sca*let-)m/e*- *eds- ellows and o*an,es as the(* +ol(a,e *(pens /e+o*e /e(n, amon,st thelast to +all6 E.en then we can )se the(* lea.es- as the ma7e s)pe*/ m)lches-espec(all +o* *hododend*ons- aaleas- p(e*(s- and othe* mem/e*s o+ the E*(caceae-

as well as camell(as6

#e5)o(a o* se5)o(adend*on;

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%h(le these a*e t*)l ma,n(cent con(+e*s- the(* e.ent)al ,a*,ant)an s(e ma7esthem )ns)(ta/le +o* )*/an plant(n,- )nless (n an a*/o*et)m6 The closel *elated#e5)o(a sempe*.(*ens- o* Coastal *edwood- wh(le not as cold ha*d- (s the tallestt*ee on Ea*th6 ;en6w(7(ped(a6o*,w(7(#e5)o(asempe*.(*ens6 R)*al p*ope*t(eshowe.e* can p*ot (mmensel +*om them (n the +ollow(n, was6

16A+te* the p*ope*t l(nes a*e 7nown- esta/l(sh a s(n,le o* do)/le *ow plant(n, o+/o)nda* t*ees / plant(n, one #e5)o(adend*on ,(,ante)m alte*nat(n, wone/lac7 o* Ca*path(an waln)t t*ee- set on 162 +oot cent*es- d(a,onall$sta,,e*ed (+a do)/le *ow- as (n a che5)e*s /oa*d6

6Each A)t)mn as the waln)ts ,*ow- ,*ad)all *emo.e the lowest l(m/s )nt(l the*e(s a/o)t 960 +eet- o* 6@2 m- clea* t*)n7 +*om the so(l l(ne to /elow the *st l(m/s6

6In twent$.e ea*s the waln)ts ma /e ha*.ested +o* the(* wood as ,)nstoc7mate*(al- alwas (n demand / *ea*ms compan(es s)ch as %(ncheste*- etc6 "N"T CUT them down- as the /)e*s p*e+e* to c)t them6 The w(ll lo, them and

lea.e the t*(mm(n,s as *ewood6

J6 The *edwoods w(ll ll the .o(ds le+t / the waln)ts- to c*eate a w(nd/*ea7 wh(che8tends ho*(ontall on the land to th*ee t(mes the he(,ht o+ the t*ee6 ".e* t(me-s)ch p*otect(on has p*o+o)nd ecolo,(cal & econom(c /enets- e8tend(n, to all thean(mals and plants w(th(n (t6

26 Redwoods /ecome me*chanta/le a+te* 2 ea*s (n No*the*n Cal(+o*n(a- and thesame he*e on the Island and coastal ma(nland BC6 Howe.e*- (+ o) *eall w(sh toma8(m(se o)* (n.estment and the ecolo,(cal /enets- o)>ll wa(t )nt(l the a*e atleast @2 *s old o* mo*e6 4o)* ,*andch(ld*en w(ll /e amaed at o)* .(s(ona*plann(n,D

Photo / 'on #)ll(.an Z

http;commons6w(7(med(a6o*,w(7(!(le;#e5)o(asmeadowst*ees,*eens)n*(se6<p,

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sequoias_meadows_trees_green_sunrise.jpg

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sequoias_meadows_trees_green_sunrise.jpg

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


In add(t(on to these +)ll$s(e t*ees- the*e a*e weep(n, c)lt(.a*s a.a(la/le (n /oth,*een$ and /l)e$colo)*ed needles- wh(ch can eas(l /e t*a(ned (nto an (nn(t o++o*ms6

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


Tama*(8- also spelled Tama*(s7;An e8cellent plant +o* *),,ed o* seas(de cond(t(ons- Tama*(s7 has .e* small /)t

a/)ndant p(n7 owe*s wh(ch lend an a(* +eel(n, to (ts /loom(n,6 At least th*eespec(es a*e (n comme*ce- pentand*a- a+*(cana- and tet*and*a? T tet*and*a AG has+o)nd +a.o)* (n *eta(l n)*se*(es (n the U- so (t ma /e a /ette* /eha.ed plant- that(s- not as h(,h a potent(al +o* (n.as(on6

Tama*(8 pa*.(o*a (s +*e5)entl +o)nd (n weste*n No*th Ame*(ca6 It hasd(st(nct(.el da*7e*-mo*e .(/*ant *ed$.(olet owe*s- and p*e+e*s mo(st so(ls- /)t (t can /ecome (n.as(.e6It seems to ha.e escaped +*om c)lt(.at(on and /ecome an (n.as(.e weed (n somea*eas6

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Ta8)s

Th)<a

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T(l(a

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#h*)/s;

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A/el(a

B)ddle(a

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B)8)s WBo8woodX

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Camell(a WNHX

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Call)na

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Call(ca*pa

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Chaenomeles

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Ch(monanth)s

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Cho(sa

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Cot(n)s

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Cotoneaste*

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Ct(s)s

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stl()m

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Escallon(a

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E)onm)s

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!)chs(a

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Hamamel(s

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H(/(sc)s; These d(.(de (nto Ha*d and Non$ha*d mem/e*s? whe*e we l(.e onl the ha*d onescan /e ,*own (n the landscape at th(s t(me6 The t*op(cal$o*(,(nated mem/e*s can /e,*own o)tdoo*s onl (n +*ost$+*ee #)mme*? then as ho)seplants d)*(n, the *est o+

the ea*6H(/(sc)s s*(ac)s- o* Rose$o+$#ha*on- (s nat(.e to #*(a and othe* pa*ts o+the (d$East6 It (s 5)(te ha*d th*o),ho)t most o+ cont(nental No*th Ame*(ca- as (tcan s)*.(.e to $0!> $JC> (+ (ts /a*7 (s p*otected +*om dess(cat(on6 Howe.e*- (t (salso a Kweathe*$w(se> plant- the same as waln)t (s- W'),lans-http;,*own)ts6t*(pod6comwaln)t6htmX and (ts lea.es w(ll not eme*,e (n e*nest )nt(l#p*(n, (s well and t*)l he*e6 Ne(the* H(/(sc)s no* waln)ts can ta7e a late +*ost?the w(ll lose that *st )sh o+ ,*owth and then ha.e to +all /ac7 on the(* a8(lla*/)ds- sett(n, the plant /ac7 a month o* mo*e6!*om th(s s(n,le spec(eshowe.e*-man c)lt(.a*s o+ *ad(call d(e*ent colo)*s we*e c*eated (n the past cent)*- andthe(* s(e now *an,es +*om dwa*+ to small t*ees6

http://grownuts.tripod.com/walnut.htm%5D

http://grownuts.tripod.com/walnut.htm%5D

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


Hd*an,ea;#o .e* man mo*e to choose +*om that (t>s d(Mc)lt to sa that an one- two- o*

th*ee a*e Kthe /est> (n all was +o* all s(t)at(onsD He*e>s what I mean (n a s(n,lephoto- wh(ch (s o+ a /o*de* plant(n, o+ class(c E)*opean Ho*tens(as (n the(* +)llcolo)* *an,e6 The a*e one o+ the landma*7s o+ B*(ttan- and la*,e hd*an,ea/)shes can /e +o)nd the*e on e.e* co*ne*- o* as (n the ma*7et (n Pe**os$G)(*ec (nLann(on- Ctes d:a*mo*6 As o) can see- a s(n,le plant can atta(n 60 m% [ 60mH6

A pa,e Zhttp;commons6w(7(med(a6o*,w(7(Cate,o*;Hd*an,eamac*ophllac)lt(.a*s w(llshow o) a ,*eat man c)lt(.a*s- so I>ll onl ment(on a +ew +o* the(* spec(al )ses-and lea.e o) to d(sco.e* the *est when o) ha.e at least a hal+ ho)* to ,o o.e*the(* cha*acte*(st(cs6

http;de6w(7(ped(a6o*,w(7(Ben)te*;a*c#ch)elpe*

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hydrangea_macrophylla_cultivars

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hydrangea_macrophylla_cultivars

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


ol7w(t(a ama/(l(s KP(n7 P*(ncess>

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La.ante*a

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La.end)la

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Nand(na; The mo*e *a*e Nand(na le)cophlla (s the one to ,et +o* shad a*eas- as(ts wonde*+)l +*esh l(me +ol(a,e can /*(,hten the da*7est co*ne*6 As (s tp(cal w(thmost plants that ha.e .e* colo)*+)l th(n$lea.ed +ol(a,e- (t>s /est to a.o(d st*on,d(*ect s)nl(,ht on (ts +ol(a,e w(ll eas(l sco*ch and lose the des(*a/le colo)*s6 "n theothe* hand- too l(ttle s)nl(,ht dep*(.es (t o+ what (t needs to ,*ow well- so m*ecommendat(on (s e(the* mo*n(n, s)n o* )nde* dappled h(,h shade d)*(n, the

hottest pa*t o+ the da- w(th some e8pos)*e to the %est a+te* the s)n>s done (tsdama,e +o* the da6 P(e**e P(*oche N)*se* (s whe*e I ,ot m o*(,(nal plants /ac7 (nthe late N(net(es6

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


"smanth)s; Also 7nown as K#weet "l(.e> +o* (ts del(,ht+)l /)t eet(n, +*a,*ance- (tst(n owe*s *elease (t onl (n the mo*n(n, and e.en(n,- when (ts not too hot6 The,*een$lea.ed a*e most common- /)t the .a*(e,ated ones w(th pale ellow ma*7(n,s

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Paeon(a; The*e a*e se.e*al spec(es that a*e commonl ,*own6 I m)st sa he*e that Ionce saw an (n+o*mal low hed,e o+ the so$called T*ee Paeon- a/o)t 100 +eet lon,-den(n, the lot l(ne o+ a small ho)se6 It was one o+ the most st*(7(n,l /ea)t(+)ls(,hts I o* anone else can e.e* see6

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Pe*o.s7(a

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Phot(n(a WNHX

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P(e*(s; A wonde*+)ll .a*(ed select(on has /een c*eated (n the last twent$.e ea*s //*eede*s (n all pa*ts o+ the wo*ld- a test(mon to the pop)la*(t o+ these +o)* season,ems6 The now *an,e +*om t*)e dwa*.es wh(ch mat)*e at )nde* a a*d h(,h o* amet*e tall6 to spec(mens mo*e than e(,ht +eet o* 60 ms tall6 I ha.e a photo o+ one

,*ow(n, nea* the Go*,e %ate*wa nea* V(cto*(a- BC- wh(ch (s mo*e than n(ne +eettall /)t no mo*e than JF ac*oss- a most )n)sal +o*mat(on- /)t .e* health (nappea*anceD

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Ph(ladelph)s

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Rhododend*on & Aaleas; %h(le most *hodos o)t,*ow the w(dth *e5)(*ementsdemanded o+ most hed,e plants- the*e a*e a +ew wh(ch can stand *epeat(n,shea*(n, and st(ll pe*+o*m well6 WNHX

Pac(c Rhododend*on

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Aelea

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Rosa; The*e a*e now tho)sands o+ .a*(o)s *oses de.eloped +*om the w(ld spec(es wh(chl(te*all co.e* the ,lo/e6 %hat (s c*)c(al that o)- the /)e*- )nde*stand that the

h/*(d (s the ch(ld o+ two pa*ents- <)st as we a*e- and w(ll e8h(/(t t*a(ts o+ /oth (n an)n(5)e new (nd(.(d)al plant6

#ome o+ these cha*acte*(st(cs w(ll /e .al)a/le and pos(t(.e? some w(ll /e ne)t*al-and some w(ll /e ne,at(.e aspects6 !lowe* colo)* and lea+ ,loss a*e des(*a/le?s)scept(/(l(t to mo)ld- m(ldew- and *)st a*e ne,at(.e- and m)st /e m(n(m(ed toma7e (t a comme*c(al s)ccess (n as man en.(*onments as poss(/le6

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#p(*aea

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#*(n,a

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V(/)*n)m

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%e(,ela; A .e* )se+)l and m)ch )nde*$)sed spec(es- capa/le o+ a w(de .a*(et o+appl(cat(ons )nde* e8t*emel .a*(ed cond(t(ons6 #ome c)lt(.a*s now oe* e8cellent

.a*(e,ated +ol(a,e wh(ch- when com/(ned w(th a compact ,*ow(n, ha/(t- ma7es +o*a d*op$dead ,o*,eo)s owe*(n, /o*de* o* low hed,e6 I espec(all l(7e a new oneshown at the 1;00 m(n)te ma*7 (n th(s .(deo; http;www6mon*o.(a6com,a*den(n,$.(deosowe*(n,$sh*)/s$.(deo6php

http://www.monrovia.com/gardening-videos/flowering-shrubs-video.php




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G*o)ndco.e*s;

A,apanth)s;

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A<),a;

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A*teme*(a

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A*tem(s(a

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Ast(l/e; I cannot p*a(se th(s ,*o)p too h(,hl- as the can pe*+o*m ma,(c (n shadsett(n,s that *eall need (tD

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Campan)la

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Ch*santhem)m;

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Co*eops(s; A wonde*+)ll *ewa*d(n, ,*o)p o+ eas pe*enn(als- and mode*n c)lt(.a*sha.e ,(.en )s a ,*eat *an,e o+ so+t colo)*s that wo*7 well w(th a w(de .a*(et o+complementa* sh*)/s6

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


at)*a; "nce onl a.a(la/le (n the class(c wh(te KAn,el>s T*)mpet> th(s now comes(n ,o*,eo)s pastels6 Its head- del(c(o)s +*a,*ance .a*(es +*om c)lt(.a* to c)lt(.a*-/)t (s alwas st*on,est (n the e.en(n, and ea*l mo*n(n,- so /e s)*e to plant (twhe*e (t w(ll /enet passe*s/6

7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


(anth)s; These smalle* ca*nat(ons *ewa*d )s w(th class(c +*a,*ance (n a w(de *an,eo+ colo)*s- and a*e eas ca*e6 The do *e5)(*e pe*+ect d*a(na,e- +)ll s)n- and ,oodso(l to *eall pe*+o*m6

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Heme*eocall(s

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Ech(naecea

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Ga)*a

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Ge*an()m

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Ge)m

Helen()m

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He)che*a

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Hostas

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na)t(a

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L(at*(s

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Pachsand*a

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Rod,e*s(a

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V(nca

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!e*ns;

Ad(ant)m

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Belchn)m

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Polst(ch)m

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V(nes;

Clemat(s

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V(t(s

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G*asses;

(scanth)s

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Bam/oos;

)lt($P)*pose Plants;

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PRUNING )s(n, the ENR"#C"PE#

end*oscopes a*e s(mpl a de.(ce c)t +*om th(n metal sheets- w(th a s(lho)ettec)t o)t o+ (ts cent*e (n one o+ the e(,ht most tp(cal plant +o*ms; con(cal- +an o*)m/*ella- *o)nded- weep(n,- etc6 The Ge*mans de.(sed (t (n the1=00s as a wa to,et people to o/se*.e the con+o*mat(on o+ plants that we*e to /e p*)ned6

As o) ma al*ead 7now- o* s)*el do / now +*om th(s man)al- all plants a*e /*eason o+ the(* RNA & NA encod(n, ,enet(call p*ed(sposed to ,*ow (n onl a +ewphs(cal con+o*m$ at(ons6 %hen people who a*e )nawa*e o+ th(s enco)nte* a

hapless plant and a*e dete*m(ned to attac7 (t w(th p*)n(n, tools- the p*oceed to/)tche* (t (nto someth(n, (t was ne.e* meant to /e6 The p*o/lem (s that (t canne.e* /ecome the shape the (,no*ant demand o+ (t- no matte* how o+ten (t (s/)tche*ed o* how lon, (t (s allowed to *e,*ow a+te*wa*d6

It>s lon, past t(me to state what e.e* ho*t(c)lt)*(st 7nows as *eal(t- /)t +ew,a*dene*s )nde*stand; plants cannot /e t*a(ned6 Pe*(od6 Not e.e*6 As (n Ne.e*6 Allwe can do (s lea*n the nat)*e o+ the(* ,*owth patte*ns and then p*)ne so as toma(nta(n that w(th(n /o)nds- o* pe*haps to (nc*ease o* dec*ease ce*ta(n po*t(ons o+(t6 The (ntent o+ the dend*oscope (s to allow the p*)ne* a wa to ens)*e she (spe*+o*m(n, *easona/l close to what Nat)*e (ntended6

%e want to (ncl)de a set o+ dend*oscopes w(th each cop o+ th(s /oo7- /)t (t hasnot /een poss(/le to do th(s at a *easona/le cost6 %h(le we nall +o)nd s)ch ap*(nte*- we cannot ha.e them *ead +o* th(s /eta ed(t(on- /)t we>*e wo*7(n, to ha.ethem a.a(la/le as soon as poss(/le (n 01J6 The w(ll /e sold sepa*atel- so peoplew(th the /eta ed(t(on w(ll /e a/le to ,et them at that t(me6 I+ o) w(sh to ha.e a set-s(mpl send o)* name- add*ess- phone n)m/e*WsX and /est sh(pp(n, (n+o*mat(on tome at <e+asc(an(Zshaw6ca6

Th(s sad th(n, (s an old /o8wood plantWsX t*a(ned (n to a h)mano(d +o*m andespal(e*ed on a ho)se wall (n A)st*(a6 %h(le (t ma /e am)s(n, (n (ts wa- I +eel th(s(s a /(a**e t*eatment o+ plants (n ,ene*al- and an o.e*all waste o+ t(me and eo*t6I+ th(s we*e a +*)(t t*ee espal(e*ed to ad.anta,e +o* (ts +*)(t- that wo)ld /e mo*e)nde*standa/le to m m(nd6 Bo8wood can /e made (nto hed,es and top(a*shapes- and ta7es the t*eatment .e* well when s)ppl(ed w(th ade5)ate n)t*(ents-p*o.(ded the c)tt(n, (s done (n a t(mel wa6



7/23/2019 100BPls(2)


100BPls(2)

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