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Make Oracle BI EE Smarter and Faster with Oracle OLAPCubes
Marty GubarOracle BI/DW Product Management
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Agenda
Introduction
OLAP Calculations
Value of dimensional metadata
Solution scales with calculation complexity
Accessing calculations thru SQL
Creating Oracle Business Intelligence EE metadata
Analyzing OLAP cubes thru OBIEE Answers
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Oracle OLAP 11gIntroduction
Improve the delivery of information rich queries bySQL-based business intelligence tools andapplications
Simple definition of analytic calculations
Simple access to analytic calculations
Fast performance
Leverage existing Oracle Database expertise
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Oracle Database 11gThe Optimal Information Platform
Cohesive, integrated databaseplatform
Secure, highly available,scalable and manageable
Rich analytic platform
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Oracle Database MetadataTable Relationships
SALES FACT
TIME
INVENTORY
REGION
CUST
ITEM
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Column RelationshipsNot Captured in Tables Metadata
SALES FACT
TIME
INVENTORY
REGION
CUST
ITEM
ITEM
item_key type_key cat_key
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Value of Dimensional MetadataDimensions Formalize Data Relationships
Product
Geography
Time
SALES FACT
TIME
INVENTORY
REGION
CUST
ITEM
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Value of Dimensional MetadataDimensions Formalize Data Relationships
Product
Geography
Time
SALES FACT
TIME
INVENTORY
REGION
CUST
ITEM
ProductLevel-based Hierarchy
Item
Type
Category
Define the businessrelationships
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Value of Dimensional MetadataDimensions Formalize Data Relationships
Geography
Time
SALES FACT
TIME
INVENTORY
REGION
CUST
ITEM
ProductComplex Hierarchy
Model complexhierarchical relationships
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Parent
ChildrenDescendants
Value of Dimensional MetadataDimensions Formalize Data Relationships
Geography
Time
SALES FACT
TIME
INVENTORY
REGION
CUST
ITEM
ProductHierarchical Relationships
Use family references tosimplify calculations
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Value of Dimensional MetadataTime Dimension Supports Any Calendar Type
Product
Geography
Time
SALES FACT
TIME
INVENTORY
REGION
CUST
ITEM Time dimension simplifiestime-series calculations
MARC
H
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31 Fiscal Year End
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Value of Dimensional MetadataDimensions Shared Across Cubes
Product
Sales Cube
Inventory Cube
SALES FACT
TIME
INVENTORY
REGION
CUST
ITEM
Time
Geography
Product
Time
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Value of Dimensional MetadataAggregation Rules
Product
Sales Cube
Inventory Cube
Aggregation Rules
Product: SumGeography: SumTime: Sum
Aggregation Rules
Product: SumTime: Hierarchical Last
SALES FACT
TIME
INVENTORY
REGION
CUST
ITEM
Time
Geography
Product
Time
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Value of Dimensional MetadataAnalytic Calculations Leverage Metadata
Calculations Sales YTD YTD Growth Market Share Product Alert Moving Average
Calculations Balance Inventory Cost
Stock Out
SALES FACT
TIME
INVENTORY
REGION
CUST
ITEM
Product
Sales Cube
Inventory Cube
Time
Geography
Product
Time
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Calculation Glide-PathSolution Scales with Calculation Complexity
Calculation definition options support most anyanalytic calculation requirements:
1. Calculation Templates
2. Calculation Expression Syntax
3. OLAP DML Programs, Functions and Models
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Calculation Templates
Choose from a wide range of common business calculations
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Calculation Expression Syntax
OLAP Expression Syntax: Patterned after SQL analytic and window functions
Extended to leverage unique properties of OLAP model
Can leverage OLAP DML code
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Calculation Expression SyntaxSimilarity to Standard SQL Syntax
Identical to SQL syntax for:
Single Row Functions
Approximately 90 single row functions are identical to SQL
Examples: nvl, nullif, to_date, ||, replace, etc.
Conditional Statements Supports standard comparative operators
Examples: case, decode, =, !=, etc.
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Calculation Expression SyntaxSQL Syntax Extended for OLAP Metadata
Enables a single calculation to span various levels ofaggregation
Leverages native understanding of hierarchical relationships
Requires no densification for time-series calculations
Includes the following functions:
MAX
MIN
RANK
ROW_NUMBER
SHARE
SUM
AVERAGE_RANK
AVG
COUNT
DENSE_RANK
HIER_ANCESTOR
HIER_CHILD_COUNT
HIER_DEPTH
HIER_LEVEL
HIER_PARENT
HIER_TOP
LAG
LAG_VARIANCE
LAG_VARIANCE_PERCENT
LEAD
LEAD_VARIANCE
LEAD_VARIANCE_PERCENT
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Calculation Expression SyntaxExample of Extended SQL Syntax
Window function example (RANK) One OLAP Expression is equivalent to several SQL rank
expressions
--OLAP
- Rank within parent at any level
RANK()OVER HIERARCHY
(PRODUCT.STANDARD ORDER BY SALES_CUBE.QUANTITY DESC NULLS
LASTWITHIN PARENT)
--SQL
--Rank departments
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY total_product_id ORDER BY sales DESC NULLS LAST)
--Rank categories
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY sales DESC NULLS LAST)
--Rank types
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY category_id ORDER BY sales DESC NULLS LAST)--Rank sub types
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY type_id ORDER BY sales DESC NULLS LAST)
-- Rank items
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY sub_type_id ORDER BY sales DESC NULLS LAST)
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Calculations Using OLAP DML
OLAP DML is a dimensionally aware procedural programminglanguage
Supports looping, conditional logic, multidimensionalselection and more
Includes hundreds of analytic functions
OLAP DML can be used:
Within a custom measure expression
To assign data to stored measures within a cube
Forecasts
Allocations Systems of expressions (a.k.a models)
Assignments based on user defined expressions
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Calculations Using OLAP DMLExample: Forecast
Scope the forecast
limit geography to geography_levelrel eq 'REGION'
limit product to product_levelrel eq 'TYPE'
limit channel to 'ALL_CHANNELS'
limit time to time_levelrel eq 'MONTH
"Set forecast parameters for 'best fit'fcset _handle APPROACH 'APPAUTO' periodicity 12 histperiods 36
"Execute the best-fit forecast
FCEXEC _handle time time INTO forecast_best_fit -
seasonal forecast_seasonal -
smseasonal forecast_smseasonal backcast -
sales_cube_sales
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Calculations Using OLAP DMLExample: Product Alert
Look at product sales for the children of the current product
Have they fallen compared to last year?
limit product to children using product_parentrel _product
limit product keep SALES_CUBE_SALES_PY_PCT_CHG lt 0
If any products meet the criteria return TRUE (an alert)if statlen(product) gt 0
then return true
else return false
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Cube ViewsAutomatically Synchronized with Cubes
Web Analysis
Smart Search
Smart Space
Desktop Gadgets
SmartView
Custom Application(SOAP, J2EE, .NetMDX, etc.)
Hyperion VisualExplorer
INVENTORY CUBE
GEOGRAPHY
TIME
PRODUCT
SALES CUBE
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Comparing "Star" Models
Time_View
Channel_ViewProduct_View
Geography_View
Sales_Cube_View
Single cube view contains manysummary levels
Calculations exposed ascolumns and computed in OLAPengine
ChannelsProducts
Geographies
Sales_Fact
Times
Fact table contains leaf data
Calculations computed inrelational engine using functionsin select list
TABLESCUBE VIEWS
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Generate OBIEE Metadata Over CubesAWM Plug-in Automates Process
Export cube metadata toOBIEE Administrator
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OBIEE Answers Leverages OLAPCalculations Computed in OLAP Engine
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Demonstrations
Demo
1. Create Calculations Using AWM
2. Query Cube Using SQL
3. Create an OBIEE Repository over Cubes4. Query Cubes Using OBIEE Answers
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For More Information
search.oracle.com
Oracle OLAP
Oracle Technology NetworkFor demonstrations, white papers, tutorials and more, visit:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/bi/olap/olap.html
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