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CHAPTER-10SPAN OF MANAGEMENT
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Meaning Span of management means the number of people
managed effectively by a single officer in an organization.
In an average firm, an executive can efficiently control upto five or six subordinates.
Normally, the members exercising span of control are
decreased at the top level management and increased atthe bottom level management. Ideal number ofsubordinates is four in case of higher level managementand eight to twelve in case of bottom level management
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Factors affecting the span of management
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Using tostandards
Span ofManagement
Fixation of
responsibility
Nature ofwork
Level ofsupervision
Character of thesupervision work
The available tosupervisor
Leadershipqualities
Qualities of thesubordinate
Methods of
communication
Delegation ofauthority
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Graicunas theory of span of management
A management expert named V.A. Graicunascontributed much to the Span of ManagementTheory.
His theory identifies the relationship prevailingbetween the superior and the subordinates.
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Graicunas theory of span of management
The relationships are classified into threecategories. They are given below:
Direct single relationship
Direct group relationship
Cross relationship
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Direct single relationship Direct single relationship is one in which a
supervisor has direct relationship with hissubordinates individually.
Genral Manager (Finance and Business Control)
Manger (Finance) Manager (Business Control)
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Cross Relationship In cross relationship, a subordinate has
relationship with another subordinatemutually.
Vice President (Operations)
Relationship
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Number of subordinates Number of relationship1 1
2 6
3 18
4 44
5 100
6 222
7 4908 1080
9 2376
10 5210
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CONCLUSION The number of relationship increases in geometrical
progression.
The effective supervision depends upon theefficiency of the supervisor and the number ofsubordinates to be supervised. The effectiveness ofthe supervision decreases if the number ofrelationship is increased.
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