KNOWLEDGE FOR THE BENEFIT OF HUMANITY KNOWLEDGE FOR THE BENEFIT OF HUMANITY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (HFS4343) ETHICAL ISSUES Dr. Dr. Mohd Mohd Razif Razif Shahril Shahril School of Nutrition & Dietetics School of Nutrition & Dietetics Faculty of Health Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Universiti Universiti Sultan Sultan Zainal Zainal Abidin Abidin 1
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KNOWLEDGE FOR THE BENEFIT OF HUMANITYKNOWLEDGE FOR THE BENEFIT OF HUMANITY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (HFS4343)
ETHICAL ISSUES
Dr. Dr. MohdMohd RazifRazif ShahrilShahril
School of Nutrition & Dietetics School of Nutrition & Dietetics
Faculty of Health SciencesFaculty of Health Sciences
UniversitiUniversiti Sultan Sultan ZainalZainal AbidinAbidin
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S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Topic Learning Outcomes At the end of this lecture, students should be able to;
• define the concept of ethics
• identify stakeholders in research
• explain ethical issues to consider concerning research
participants
• explain ethical issues to consider relating to the
researcher
• explain issues to consider regarding the sponsoring
organization
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S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
The concept of ethics
• Ethical means in accordance with
principles of conduct that are
considered correct, especially those of
a given profession or group
– What are these principles of conduct?
– Who determines them?
– In whose judgement must they be
considered correct?
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S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
What are the principles of conduct?
• Any dilemma stemming from a moral quandary is a
basis of ethical conduct
• Certain behaviours considered unethical;
– Causing harm to individuals
– Breaching confidentiality
– Using information inappropriately
– Introducing bias
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S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Whose judgment?
• Overall body of professionals or organization that
collectively develops a professional code of conducts ad
forms a judgement as to whether or not it is being
followed
• E.g.;
– Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of
Health Malaysia
– UniSZA Human Research and Ethics Committee (UHREC)
– Jawatankuasa Etika dan Penyelidikan Manusia (JePEM)
Universisiti Sains Malaysia
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S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Stakeholders in research
6
The The funding funding
bodybody
The researcherThe researcher
The research The research participantsparticipants
S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N
Stakeholders in research
• The research participants
– All those with direct and indirect involvement in a research study
– Those who are likely to be affected by the findings of a study
– Service providers, service managers and planners
– Communities providing information to help a researcher to gain
understanding of a phenomenon etc.
• The researcher
– Anyone who collects information for the specific purpose of
understanding, consolidation, enhancement and development of
professional knowledge
• The funding body
– Responsible for financing a research activity 7
S C H O O L O F N U T R I T I O N A N D D I E T E T I C S • U N I V E R S I T I S U L T A N Z A I N A L A B I D I N