CHAPTER 15 A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe World Civilizations: The Global Experience Fifth Edition Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
May 10, 2015
CHAPTER 15A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
World Civilizations: The Global ExperienceFifth Edition
Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
Chapter 15: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Stages of Postclassical DevelopmentII. The High Middle Ages III. Changing Economic and Social Forms in the Postclassical CenturiesIV. The Decline of the Medieval Synthesis
Chapter 15: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Stages of Postclassical Development
6th to 10th centuriesFragmentation prevails
Catholic church strong
IberiaArab Muslims
Core: France, Low Countries, Germany
Later, England
Scandinavian VikingsRaids from 8th to 10th
centuries
Literacy declinesexcept among churchmen
Chapter 15: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Stages of Postclassical Development
A. The Manorial System: Obligations and Allegiances
Local, personal political organization
ManorialismAgricultural economyReciprocal obligations
In-kind labor for produceSerfdom
800sAgricultural innovationMoldboardCrop rotation
Chapter 15: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Stages of Postclassical Development
B. The Church: Political and Spiritual Power
Popes follow Roman organizationAppoint bishopsSponsor missionaries
MonasticismBenedict of Nursia
Benedictine ruleSpiritual functions
HolinessNetworkPilgrimage centers
Secular functionsEducationLarge estatesShelter travelers
Universities, from 13th century
Chapter 15: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Stages of Postclassical Development
C. Charlemagne and His SuccessorsFrankish Carolingian dynasty
Charles Martel732, Tours
Charles the Great (Charlemagne)800, crowned emperorCopied Roman central
administration814, death
Empire fragments
843, Treaty of VerdunThree kingdoms
Holy Roman emperorsRuling Germany, Italy
Charlemagne’s Empire and Successor States
Chapter 15: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Stages of Postclassical Development
D. New Economic and Urban VigorAgricultural improvements
Increased productionSurplus, wealth, population
growth
Towns growLiteracy expands
EducationCathedral schools, from 11th
centuryUniversities, from 13th
century
Chapter 15: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Stages of Postclassical Development
E. Feudal Monarchies and Political Advances
Personal relationship
Military service for land
Some lords emerge more powerful
e.g. Capetian kings of France
Develop bureaucracies, states
William the Conqueror
1066, Norman conquest of England
Centralized government
Sheriffs, courts
Chapter 15: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Stages of Postclassical Development
F. Limited GovernmentPolitical fragmentation continues
Monarchs limited by church, nobles, towns
1215, Magna CartaKing John recognizes supremacy of
written law
Representative bodiesCatalonia, from 1000England, from 1265
Monarchs continue to increase in power
Large conflictse.g. Hundred Years War
Chapter 15: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Stages of Postclassical Development
G. The West's Expansionist ImpulseGermanic knights
From 11th century, into eastern Germany, Poland
IberiaNorthern Christian states begin
reconquista
VikingsCross Atlantic
CrusadesCalled by Urban II, 1095Initial successNew contact with Islam
H. Religious Reform and EvolutionGregorian reform, 11th century
Based in monasteriesGregory VII
Separation of secular and religious spheres
Mendicants, 13th centurySt. France, St. Clare, St. Dominic
Chapter 15: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The High Middle Ages
A. Theology: Assimilating Faith and Reason
Exploration of Greek philosophyPeter Abelard, 12th century
Rational examination of doctrine
Bernard of ClairvauxOpposed to Abelard's approachMysticism
Debate in universities
Thomas AquinasSummas
Faith primary, reason leads to understanding
Scholasticism
Roger Bacon
Chapter 15: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. The High Middle Ages
C. Religious Themes in Art and Literature
Romanesque architectureEspecially monastic buildings
GothicFrom 11th century
12th centuryVernacular, secular literaturee.g. Song of RolandGeoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury
TalesTroubadours
Chapter 15: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Changing Economic and Social Forms in the Postclassical Centuries
A. New Strains in Rural Life
Peasants v. landlords
Peasants slowly gain
B. Growth of Trade and Banking
Commerce expands
Mediterranean zone joined with North Sea, Baltic
Money replaces barter
Banking, insurance merge
Hanseatic Leage
Northern Germany, southern Scandinavia
Merchants relatively free
But relatively low status
Guilds
Craft associations
Protect markets
Ensure standards
Social role
Chapter 15: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Changing Economic and Social Forms in the
Postclassical Centuries
C. Limited Sphere for WomenWomen generally lose ground
Some opportunities as nuns
Chapter 15: A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
IV. The Decline of the Medieval Synthesis
Widespread warfare from 1300 to 1500
Hundred Years WarWeakens feudal order
Population outstrips agricultureFamines
Bubonic Plague (Black Death)from 1348
A. Signs of StrainAristocracy lose military
purposeFoot soldiers more importantIncreasingly decorative
Church increasingly rigid
B. The Postclassical West and Its Heritage
Formative periodDynamic change
Western Europe towards the End of the Middle Ages