1 World War II 1 period – 1.9.1939 – 22.6.1941 (invasion of Poland, the Phoney war, Battle of France, Battle of Britain…) 2 period – 22.6.1941 – 2.2.1943.

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World War II

World War II

1 period – 1.9.1939 – 22.6.1941

(invasion of Poland, the Phoney war, Battle of France, Battle of Britain…) 2 period – 22.6.1941 – 2.2.1943 (Operation Barbarossa, attack on Pearl Harbor, Battle of Midway, Battle of Stalingrad…) 3 perion – 2.2.1943 – 8.5.1945 (2.9.1945 – in Pacific)

(Battle of Normandy, Yalta Conference, Battle of Berlín, Postdam Conference, bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, surrender of Japan…)

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CombatantsMajor Allied powers:

United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of Chinaand others

Major Axis powers: Germany Italy Japanand others

Commanders

    Winston Churchill     Joseph Stalin     Franklin Roosevelt     Chiang Kai-Shek

    Adolf Hitler     Benito Mussolini     Hideki Tojo

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1939 – Invasion of Poland 1939 – Invasion of Poland

start of World War II in Europe began on September 1, 1939, one

week after the signing of the secret Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, and ended on October 6, 1939, with Germany and the Soviet Union occupying whole Poland

codenamed Fall Weiss ("Case White") by the German General Staff

Polish infantry during the Invasion of Poland, September 1939.

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The Phoney War (sitting war)The Phoney War (sitting war)

few military operations in Continental Europe, in the months following the German invasion of Poland

Ex. Winter War, German invasion of Denmark and Norway, Fall of British government

British Ministry of Home Security Poster of a type that was common during the "Phony War"

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Battle of FranceBattle of France known as the Fall of France the German invasion of France

(10 May 1940) Paris was occupied and the French

government fled to Bordeaux France capitulated on 25 June France was divided into a German

occupation zone in the north and west, a small Italian occupation zone in the southeast and a collaborationist government in the south, Vichy, France

France remained under German occupation till 1944

Germans parading in the deserted Camps-Élysées avenue, Paris, June 1940.

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Battle of Britain Battle of Britain July – December 1940 started with attempt by the

German Luftwaffe (in the german Blitzkrieg) to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force (RAF), before a planned sea and airborne invasion of Britain (Operation Sealion)

the Germans wanted to destroy aircraft production and ground infrastructure, as well as terrorising the British people

Heinken He 111 over London, 7 September 1940

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Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill 30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965 best known as Prime Minister of the

United Kingdom during the WWII an orator, strategist, and politician won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Literature

for his many books on English and world history

he was fond of alcohol - in India and South Africa, he got in the habit of adding small amounts of whisky to the water he drank in order to prevent disease

Churchill's favorite whisky was Johnnie Walker Red

Portrait of Winston Churchill on cover of Life magazine.

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Winston Churchil´s famous quotations

Winston Churchil´s famous quotations

Lady Astor, "You are drunk." Churchill, "I may be drunk, miss, but in the morning I will be sober and you will still be ugly."

Lady Astor, "If I were your wife, I'd put poison in your coffee." Churchill, "Nancy, if I were your husband, I would drink it."

„I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat“ - a famous speech made to the House of Commons of the British

Parliament on 13 May 1940 - it was his first speech to the House after taking over as Prime

Minister of Britain in the first year of World War II

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Operation BarbarossaOperation Barbarossa lasted from June 1941 to

December 1941 rapid conquest of the European

part of the Soviet Union, west of a line connecting the cities of Arkhangelsk and Astrakhan, often referred to as the AA line

the failure of Operation Barbarossa arguably resulted in the eventual defeat of Nazi Germany, and was a turning point for the fortunes of Adolf Hitle's Third Reich

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Attack on Pearl HarborAttack on Pearl Harbor

a surprise aerial attack of Japan on USA port Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

the attack severely damaged 9 warships, destroyed 188 aircrafts, killed 2,403 Americans: 2,335 servicemen

68 civilians

Satellite image of Pearl Harbor.

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Battle of MidwayBattle of Midway

naval battle in the Pacific June 4 - June 7, 1942 six months after the Empire of

Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor that had led to a state of war between the USA and Japan

the battle was a crushing defeat for the Japanese and is widely regarded as a very important naval battle of World War II

A picture of Midway Atoll, taken several months before the battle.

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Battle of Stalingrad ( now Volgograd )Battle of Stalingrad ( now Volgograd )

August 1942 – February 1943 the most important turning point of

World War II considered the bloodiest battle in

human history the German Sixth Army and other

Axis forces were destroyed short of food and clothing, during the

latter part of the siege, many German soldiers literally starved or froze to death

total casualties for both sides were over two million

Soviet soldiers fighting in the ruins of Stalingrad,

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Battle of NormandyBattle of Normandy the Normandy invasion,

codenamed Operation Overlord is the largest seaborne invasion in history, involving almost three million troops crossing the English Channel from England to Normandy in then German-occupied France

August 25 Paris was liberated

American troops landed at Omaha Beach on D-Day, 6 June 1944.

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Yalta ConferenceYalta Conference

February 1945 Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin made

arrangements for post-war Europe Resolutions: to form the United Nations; Poland would have free elections; the borders of Poland were to be drastically

moved westwards, at the expense of Germany;

Soviet nationals were to be repatriated; The Soviet Union was to attack Japan within

three months of Germany's surrender.

Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin at Yalta in 1945.

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Battle of Berlin and surrender of GermanBattle of Berlin and surrender of German

April 1945 the final battle of the

Eastern front Soviet troops captured

Berlin May 8, 1945 German forces

officially surrendered Red Army soldiers raising the Flag of the Soviet Union over the Reichstag building during the Battle of Berlin, April 30th, 1945.

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Potsdam ConferentionPotsdam Conferention the last Allied conference was

held at the suburb of Potsdam, outside Berlin from July 17 to August 2, 1945

during the Potsdam Conference, agreements were reached among the Allies on policies for occupied Germany

an ultimatum was issued calling for the unconditional surrender of Japan

Clement Attlee, Harry Truman and Joseph Stalin at the Potsdam Conference, July 1945

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Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and NagasakiAtomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

president Harry Truman decided to use the new atomic super-weapon to bring the war to a faster end

on August 6, 1945, a B-29 Superfortress named the Enola Gay dropped a nuclear weapon dubbed Little Boy on Hiroshima, destroying the city

on August 9, a B-29 named Bockscar dropped the second atomic bomb, dubbed Fat Man, on the port city of Nagasaki

The mushroom cloud resulting from the nuclear weapon known as Fat Man rises 18 km over Nagasaki from the nuclear explosion hypocenter.

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Surrender of JapanSurrender of Japan

September 2, 1945 the Japanese formally

surrendered aboard the Battleship Missouri in Tokyo Harbor

official end of World War II

The Japanese surrender delegation on board USS Missouri

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The United Kingdom during WW II

The United Kingdom during WW II

The United Kingdom declared war on Nazi Germany in 1939, after the German invasion of Poland.

Hostilities with Japan began in 1941, after it attacked British colonies in Asia.

The Axis powers were defeated by the Allies, including the UK, in 1945.

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Casualties of war Casualties of war 63 million people, or 3% of the

world population, died in the war

about 24 million soldiers and 38 million civilians

12 million lives lost in the Holocaust

80% were on the Allied side and 20% on the Axis side

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Percentage of military and civilian deaths by alliance during World War II.

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The HolocaustThe Holocaust

the genocide of minority groups of Europe and North Africa by Nazi Germany and its collaborators

early elements of the Holocaust include the Kristallnacht pogrom of 8 and 9 November 1938 and the T-4 Euthanasia Program, leading to the later use of killing squads and extermination camps in a massive and centrally organized effort to exterminate every possible member of the populations targeted by Adolf Hitler and the Nazis

the Jews of Europe were the most numerous of the victims of the Holocaust in what the Nazis called the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" or "the cleaning„

it is commonly stated that approximately six million Jews were murdered in the Holocaust

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A child dying in the streets of the crowded Warsaw Ghetto, where hunger and disease were extremely prevalent.

A child dying in the streets of the crowded Warsaw Ghetto, where hunger and disease were extremely prevalent.

The Nazi concentration camp in Nordhausen.

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Auschwitz concentration campAuschwitz concentration camp

the largest of the Nazi German extermination camps, along with a number of concentration camps, comprising three main camps and 40 to 50 sub-camps

the exact number of people killed in the camps is not known, but most modern estimates are around 1.1-1.6 million

Entrance to Auschwitz I, 1941. The motto over the gate, "Arbeit macht frei," translates as: "Work makes one free."

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The three main camps were:The three main camps were: Auschwitz I- the original concentration camp which served as the

administrative center for the whole complex, and was the site of the deaths of roughly 70,000 people, mostly Poles and Soviet prisoners of war

Auschwitz II (Birkenau)- an extermination camp, where at least 1.1 million Jewish

people, 75,000 Polish people, and some 19,000 Roma (gypsies) were killed

Auschwitz III (Monowitz)- served as a labor camp for the Buna-Werke factory of the

IG Farben concern

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RecapitulationRecapitulation WWII lasted 2,194 days (1.9.1939-2.9.1945) 70 states participated in war, 30 of them actively took part

in war operations. On the territories of 40 states were implemented military

operations. Only 6 states remained neutral. 110 million people were called up to the military services. Direct war expenses were roughly 1 billion US $.

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Special operation executive (SOE)

Special operation executive (SOE)

originated in 1940 was concerned with evoking of resistance movement worked in many countries (Poland, Egypt, India,

Jugoslavia…) commander of SOE was canadian William

Stephenson, close friend of Winston Churchill unit was dismissed immediately after WWII Espionage aids:

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Toothpaste with secret messageToothpaste with secret message

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Exploding ratExploding rat

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Plastic trunkPlastic trunk

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Cork with hidden messageCork with hidden message

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Technology of changingTechnology of changing

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Key with messageKey with message

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Thank you for your attention!!!

Oksana Olšová