1- Woodworking Hand Tools-GN-+Fling

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Maintenance and Use of Woodworking Hand Tools

Marking Out Tools

Steel Rule

Usually ranging from 150 mm to 1000 mm with finer markings. Used for accurate setting out of tool settings such as Gauges

Made of wood or plastic. The most usual lengths being 1000 or 1200 mm. Used for general setting out and measuring.

Folding Rule

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Metal tape in a plastic or metal case, the most popular ranging between 3 m and 5 m. Used for general setting out and measuring over longer distances.

Metal tape in a plastic or metal case, the most popular ranging between 3 m and 5 m. Used for general setting out and measuring over longer distances.

Retractable Tape Measure

Marking Knife

Used for accurate marking of wrot timber where joints or cuts are to be made With a steel blade sharpened from one side only and with a wood, leather or plastic handle.

Used for accurate marking of wrot timber where joints or cuts are to be made With a steel blade sharpened from one side only and with a wood, leather or plastic handle.

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Pencils with soft to medium hardness lead

Used for accurate marking of wrot timber where joints or cuts are to be made With a steel blade sharpened from one side only and with a wood, leather or plastic handle.

Standard and Carpenters Pencils Standard and Carpenters Pencils

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Similar to those used in technical drawing and used for a similar purpose.

Similar to those used in technical drawing and used for a similar purpose.

Dividers Dividers

Trammel Heads or Pins Trammel Heads or Pins

These can be fitted onto various lengths of wood, which pass through points marked ‘A’ on sketch. Used similarly to dividers but for greater distances. Can be used as a compass when a pencil is passed through point ‘B’.

These can be fitted onto various lengths of wood, which pass through points marked ‘A’ on sketch. Used similarly to dividers but for greater distances. Can be used as a compass when a pencil is passed through point ‘B’.

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Steel blade with a plastic or Hardwood handle (stock). Popular sizes are 150mm and 300mm blade lengths. Used for marking at 90° to a straight edge

Steel blade with a plastic or Hardwood handle (stock). Popular sizes are 150mm and 300mm blade lengths. Used for marking at 90° to a straight edge

Try Square Try Square

The figure below shows a method of checking the accuracy of a Try Square. This should be carried out at regular intervals to avoid errors in work. Any gaps show the Square is out if true and needs to be replaced.

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Having all metal parts.

The sliding blade (beam) being 300mm in length is usually marked off in millimetres and centimetres.

The Stock having both 90° and 45° angles is used similarly to the Try Square but has the added advantage of 45° measurements

Having all metal parts.

The sliding blade (beam) being 300mm in length is usually marked off in millimetres and centimetres.

The Stock having both 90° and 45° angles is used similarly to the Try Square but has the added advantage of 45° measurements

Combination Square

Combination Square

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Blade and Stock are similar to the Try Square but are set at an angle for marking out at 45° from a straight edge

Blade and Stock are similar to the Try Square but are set at an angle for marking out at 45° from a straight edge

45° Fixed Bevel (Mitre Square)

45° Fixed Bevel (Mitre Square)

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Blade and Stock are similar to the Try Square but with an adjustable blade for setting and marking any given angle from a straight edge.

Blade and Stock are similar to the Try Square but with an adjustable blade for setting and marking any given angle from a straight edge.

Sliding Bevel

Sliding Bevel

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Internal and External Mitre Sets

Internal and External Mitre Sets

Preferably made of soft metal and used for marking timber moulds (not intended for use as a chisel guide when paring)

Preferably made of soft metal and used for marking timber moulds (not intended for use as a chisel guide when paring)

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Marking Gauge Marking Gauge

Usually made from Beech or Rosewood with a plastic thumbscrew and steel scribe pin. Used for marking cutting lines parallel to the straight edge.

Usually made from Beech or Rosewood with a plastic thumbscrew and steel scribe pin. Used for marking cutting lines parallel to the straight edge.

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Again, usually made from Beech or Rosewood with brass inserts, slides and adjustment screws.

Used for marking “double” cutting lines for Mortices and Tenons. It is essential to follow face side & edge lines when using these marking tools

Again, usually made from Beech or Rosewood with brass inserts, slides and adjustment screws.

Used for marking “double” cutting lines for Mortices and Tenons. It is essential to follow face side & edge lines when using these marking tools

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Jack Plane

The Jacker is a longer plane (350 – 380mm) and is used for planing sawn timber with better accuracy than a smoother.

Most plane irons are are angled at around 450

StanleyTools

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Smoothing Plane Smoothing Plane

The smoother has a “sole” between 240mm – 260mm and is used for finishing timber products The smoother has a “sole” between 240mm – 260mm and is used for finishing timber products

A corrugated sole is available on the 240 – 245mm sizes for mainly resinous timbers

A corrugated sole is available on the 240 – 245mm sizes for mainly resinous timbers

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Try Plane Try Plane

The Try plane is used for planing long straight edges & jointing timber. It is the plane of choice for “shooting” door edges because of it’s long sole of 455 – 610 mm. A corrugated sole is available

The Try plane is used for planing long straight edges & jointing timber. It is the plane of choice for “shooting” door edges because of it’s long sole of 455 – 610 mm. A corrugated sole is available

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Block Plane Block Plane

The block plane has a sharper cutting angle (around 250) and is used to give a planed finish to end grain

The block plane has a sharper cutting angle (around 250) and is used to give a planed finish to end grain

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Adjustment Nut

(thumb wheel)

Adjustment Nut

(thumb wheel)

‘Y’Adjusting Lever

(wishbone)

‘Y’Adjusting Lever

(wishbone)

Lateral Adjustment

Lever

Lateral Adjustment

Lever Cutting Iron (Blade)

Cutting Iron (Blade)

Cap Iron

Cap Iron

Lever Cap

Lever Cap

Cap Iron Screw Cap Iron Screw

Lever Cap Screw

Lever Cap Screw

Stanley Tools

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Special planes

Special planes

Rebate Plane Rebate Plane

With side fence and depth stop.Used for forming rebates With side fence and depth stop.Used for forming rebates

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Special planesSpecial planes

Used for fine finishing inside rebates and shouldersUsed for fine finishing inside rebates and shoulders

Shoulder Plane Shoulder Plane

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Used as a Shoulder Plane but for confined areas (cutting iron is close to “toe end”)Used as a Shoulder Plane but for confined areas (cutting iron is close to “toe end”)

Bullnose Plane Bullnose Plane

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Open Throat Router or Hand Router

(granny’s tooth)

Open Throat Router or Hand Router

(granny’s tooth)The granny’s tooth is used for “bottoming out” grooves and trenches

The granny’s tooth is used for “bottoming out” grooves and trenches

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Plough Plane Plough Plane

Used for forming grooves,.

There is also a combination plane available for forming other moulds using a selection of specialist cutting irons

Used for forming grooves,.

There is also a combination plane available for forming other moulds using a selection of specialist cutting irons

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Spokeshave Spokeshave

Used for forming curves with a flat sole for convex surfaces or rounded sole for

concaved surfaces

Used for forming curves with a flat sole for convex surfaces or rounded sole for

concaved surfaces

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Here are some examples of the various shapes and sizes of chisels, all of which are designed to perform different tasks.

Here are some examples of the various shapes and sizes of chisels, all of which are designed to perform different tasks.

Firmer Chisel Firmer Chisel

The firmer chisel is a good sturdy tool for general joinery workThe firmer chisel is a good sturdy tool for general joinery work

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The bevel edge chisel is for general joinery work into acute corners

The bevel edge chisel is for general joinery work into acute corners Bevel Edge Chisel Bevel Edge Chisel

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Mortice Chisels Mortice Chisels

For heavier duty work such as cutting mortices, chopping work etc.

For heavier duty work such as cutting mortices, chopping work etc.

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Scribing Gouge

This most common of the gouges is used for paring internal radius corners and scribing moulded work such as tenon shoulders.

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A wooden mallet is preferred for

striking chisels used for chopping. A wooden mallet is preferred for

striking chisels used for chopping.

If the handle is wooden, with a steel ferrule at both top and bottom it is for striking with a hammer, as this would cause deep bruising of the mallet.

If the handle is wooden, with a steel ferrule at both top and bottom it is for striking with a hammer, as this would cause deep bruising of the mallet.

The design of the chisel handle will often give a clue as to its use.

The design of the chisel handle will often give a clue as to its use.

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The type of cut produced by a handsaw is determined by the type of saw tooth. The bigger the tooth, the rougher the cutting action

Hand saws

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Panel Saw- Relatively fine 10 teeth per 25mm. The panel saw is ideal for ripping panels from sheet material. With a low cutting angle, these fine teeth can produce an accurate and fine cut.

Panel Saw- Relatively fine 10 teeth per 25mm. The panel saw is ideal for ripping panels from sheet material. With a low cutting angle, these fine teeth can produce an accurate and fine cut.

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Rip Saw– 4 to 6 teeth per 25mm. A rip saw is for ripping down the grain of solid timber. It’s large chisel shaped teeth make easy work of end grain.

Rip Saw– 4 to 6 teeth per 25mm. A rip saw is for ripping down the grain of solid timber. It’s large chisel shaped teeth make easy work of end grain.

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Crosscut / Panel Saw- 7 to 8 teeth . This saw is a compromise between the Rip Saw and the panel saw.

Crosscut / Panel Saw- 7 to 8 teeth . This saw is a compromise between the Rip Saw and the panel saw.

It is called a crosscut as it is very handy for cutting across the grain of solid timbers and is capable of producing reasonable cuts to sheet panels.

It is called a crosscut as it is very handy for cutting across the grain of solid timbers and is capable of producing reasonable cuts to sheet panels.

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This example is of a typical tenon saw.This example is of a typical tenon saw.

Tenon saws have a blade length of 300 – 450mm with 12 to 14 teeth per 25mm. Tenon saws have a blade length of 300 – 450mm with 12 to 14 teeth per 25mm.

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Saws that have a rigid back are known as

“Backed Saws”.

Saws that have a rigid back are known as

“Backed Saws”.

Backed saws are generally for fine cuttingBacked saws are generally for fine cutting

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Dovetail Saw Dovetail Saw

Sometimes referred to as the Gentleman’s saw, it has a blade length of 200 – 250mm with 16 – 20 teeth per 25mm.

Sometimes referred to as the Gentleman’s saw, it has a blade length of 200 – 250mm with 16 – 20 teeth per 25mm.

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Blade length of 200–300mm with 10 teeth per 25mm.

Blade length of 200–300mm with 10 teeth per 25mm.

Pad or Keyhole SawPad or Keyhole Saw

A good saw for small operations such as forming keyways on external doors and small curved work where accuracy might not be essential

A good saw for small operations such as forming keyways on external doors and small curved work where accuracy might not be essential

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Blade length of 160mm with 14 teeth per 25mm. Blade length of 160mm with 14 teeth per 25mm.

The saw of choice for cutting most small curved work for bench joinery / site work etc. (scribed work)

The saw of choice for cutting most small curved work for bench joinery / site work etc. (scribed work)

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Bow Saw Bow Saw

Used for cross cutting large sections of structural timbers. Used for cross cutting large sections of structural timbers.

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Junior HacksawJunior Hacksaw

Useful in the Joiners kit for cutting various bolts, lock spindles etc.

Useful in the Joiners kit for cutting various bolts, lock spindles etc.

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Claw Hammer Claw Hammer

Used for site work or shop work where you are fixing nails ranging from 38mm up to 150mm.

A metal head with provision to withdraw nails and a handle of either steel or timber. The weight of the hammer ranges from 16oz up to 24oz.

Used for site work or shop work where you are fixing nails ranging from 38mm up to 150mm.

A metal head with provision to withdraw nails and a handle of either steel or timber. The weight of the hammer ranges from 16oz up to 24oz.

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One metal head with a cross pein end used for starting small nails easierOne metal head with a cross pein end used for starting small nails easier

Warrington Hammer (Cross pein)Warrington Hammer (Cross pein)

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Heavy flat head hammer for use when chasing mortar for twisted plugs, using a

wall plug tool.

Heavy flat head hammer for use when chasing mortar for twisted plugs, using a

wall plug tool.

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2. Ratchet. 2. Ratchet.

ScrewdriversScrewdrivers

There are three main groups of screwdriver: - There are three main groups of screwdriver: -

1. Fixed or rigid blade.1. Fixed or rigid blade.

3. Pump or spiral ratchet. (Yankee)3. Pump or spiral ratchet. (Yankee)

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Rigid Blades are useful for most jobs where only a few screws are being placed at one time. The screwdriver end must match the head of screw being used.

The flat end for slot screws must not be rounded or curved, otherwise the screwdriver will keep slipping out of the slot.

Ratchets would be used for the same situation as above with one major advantage - you can keep a firm grip on the handle at all times which allows faster movement of the wrist without changing your grip.

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For precision drilling in all types of wood.  10 sizes available.

For precision drilling in all types of wood.  10 sizes available.

•Open throat and double twist design for rapid chip clearance.

•Tempered carbon steel retains sharpness and edge.

•Can be used in rotary power drills or traditional brace and bit.

•Self-feeding screw pulls bit into wood for precise drilling.

•Suitable for all types of wood.

•Open throat and double twist design for rapid chip clearance.

•Tempered carbon steel retains sharpness and edge.

•Can be used in rotary power drills or traditional brace and bit.

•Self-feeding screw pulls bit into wood for precise drilling.

•Suitable for all types of wood.

Auger Wood BitsAuger Wood Bits

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High Speed SteelBits for wood

Or metal with a power drill

High Speed SteelBits for wood

Or metal with a power drill

Drill Bits

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Flat BitFor use in power drill

Flat BitFor use in power drill

Masonry BitFor drilling into brick,

blockwork and concretePercussion drill only

Masonry BitFor drilling into brick,

blockwork and concretePercussion drill only

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Forstner BitFor flat bottom holes

Forstner BitFor flat bottom holes

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Plug CutterFor cutting pellets

Plug CutterFor cutting pellets

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Other Useful Tools

Sash Cramps

‘G’ Cramp ‘G’ Cramp

Bench Vice Bench Hook Bench Hook

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Web links used in this lesson

http://www.maximumvelocity.com/tools.htm

www.tool-up.co.uk/ shop

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1 2 3 4 5 6

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B- Which tool is best used for cleaning up end grain –Blockplane

C- Name the square that is most versatile and say why – COMBINATIONSQUARE

D- Name the tooling used to form small circular holes – and at least one type DRILL

E- Name a marking tool that when spelt ends with the letter E- KNIFE

F What tool is used to form holes in wood with a flat bottom FORSTNER

G- What type of saw begins with G and what is it used for

H- Which tool is uset for striking (impelling) HAMMER

J- Which plane begins with the letter J and what is it used for

M- Which tool is best suited to forming mortices –MORTICE CHISEL

P- What is another name for a keyhole saw – Padsaw

R- Which saw is best used for sawing down the grain of timber (not acros it) RIPSAW

S- Which chisel is the most traditional one to be used for cutting in a mortice lock - SWANNECKED

T- Which flexible tool is most commonly used for measuring - TAPEMEASURE

W- What is a common name for a joiner’s crosspein hammer

Y - What is the common name for the most popular spiral ratched screwdriver YANKEE

F1 - What kind of rule is commonly used in joiner’s workshops FOLDINGRULE

F2- What is another name for a drill bit commonly known as a spade bit Flatbit

P1- What is the most popular of marking tools, and name both common types PENCIL

M1- What is another name for a 450 fixed bevel MITRESQUARE

M2- Which tool is used for putting straight lines on timber MORTICEGAUGE

H1 - What is the correct name for a granny’s tooth and what is it used for HANDROUTER

T1- Which is the most popular traditional square TRYSQUARE

S1- Which is the most used tool for pulling together framing components SASHCRAMPS

P2- What are the two main screwdriver tips that are often referred to as “crosspoint” Posidrive/Phillips

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T2- Name a device for turning circles that begins with T TRAMMET (HEADS)

M3- What kind of drill bit is most suitable for use in brickwork

C1- What is the correct term for a lump hammer CLUB HAMMER

P1- What is the term for shaping with a chisel along the grain of timber PARING

S2- Name a tool that is commonly used for shaping arrisses on timber SPOKESHAVE

B1- Name the most versatile of all the hand chisels BEVEL EDGED