1 What Will The Ideal Hydrogen ICE Look Like? Paul McLachlan Pivotal Engineering Ltd.

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What Will The Ideal Hydrogen ICE Look Like?

Paul McLachlan

Pivotal Engineering Ltd

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What is an Internal Combustion Engine

?

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High power density?

100 Hp100 Hp

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What is an Internal Combustion Engine

?

EngineEngine TorqueTorqueFuelFuel

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Where do we start ?

First establish the criteria

then design a new engine

that has all the required features

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A very different fuel requires a very different device

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Hydrogen Combustion Characteristics

• Low volumetric power density

• Low ignition energy requirement

• High flame speed at stoichiometric ratios

• High auto ignition temperature

• Short quenching distance

• High diffusivity

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Hydrogen Combustion Characteristics

• Low volumetric power density

• Low ignition energy requirement

• High flame speed at stoichiometric ratios

• High auto ignition temperature

• Short quenching distance

• High diffusivity

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High Flame-front Speed

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Hydrogen Combustion Characteristics

• Low volumetric power density

• Low ignition energy requirement

• High flame speed at stoichiometric ratios

• High auto ignition temperature

• Short quenching distance

• High diffusivity

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Criteria for H2 engine

• Full thermal control• High power density• High thermal efficiency• Low parasitic losses• Crankcase flushing• Longevity• Low Cost• Dual fuel capability

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The Water Cooled Pivotal Piston

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Moving Mass takes Energy

More MassMore Mass

More EnergyMore Energy

More FuelMore Fuel

More EmissionsMore Emissions

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Do we use our car less?

Or do we take less car with us?

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An Automotive Comparison

Toyota V6 Pivotal Opp 4

Capacity (cc /CI)

3000 / 183 2000 /122

Power (hp) 220 220

Weight (lb) 380 160

Box Size (cu.ft) 12 6

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Compact Car with 220 HP Pivotal Engine

1996 1998 2000 2003 2006

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•400 cc•Twin chamber•11000 RPM•100 MPH

The 400cc Motorcycle

1996 1998 2000 2003 2006

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One Litre Twin Chamber Engine

•Water-cooled piston•1000cc•twin chamber•100 hp •6200 rpm

1996 1998 2000 2003 2006

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Pivotal DI Engine

•1000 cc •Twin Chamber •Orbital direct injection

1996 1998 2000 2003 2006

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Pivotal Light Sport Plane Engine

•Power 120 hp.•Weight 120 lb.•TBO 1000 hours.•BSFC ½ lb.per hp/hr

1996 1998 2000 2003 2006

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30 KW Stand Alone Genset

•30 KW•250 Kg

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2 Litre Opposed Four Engine

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The Pivotal engine has the potential to power our vehicles

long into the future

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The water-cooled Pivotal piston is fundamental to the hydrogen

economy.