1 Weed Management Options for Hay Producers Tim Murphy Extension Weed Scientist University of Georgia
Jan 03, 2016
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Rule of thumb: When weeds are more than 20% of the hay field (really depends upon weed).
What is the Economic Threshold?
Woolly croton
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Do I spray or fertilize first?
Spray first.Control existing
weeds.Begin soil-test
based lime and fertilizer program.
Is 100% Weed Control Necessary?
Factors to considerBuyer preference (market value)Hay baling complicationsForage value of weedsToxicity of weed
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Digestibility of select cool season weeds
0102030405060708090
% I
VD
MD
Car ger Ev prim L.Barley
TallFescue
VegBootHead
Hoveland et al., 1986
Digestibility of select warm season weeds
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
% I
VD
MD
Pigweed Y. foxtail Crabgrass Bermudagrass
VegBootHead
Hoveland et al., 1986
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Haying and Grazing Restrictions for Dairy Animals (Cattle and Goats)
Lactating Non-lactating
Herbicide Grazing Hay Grazing Hay
Metsulfuron 0 0 0 0
Cimarron Plus 0 0 0 0
Milestone 0 0 0 0
Grazon Next 0 7 0 7
Chaparral 0 0 0 0
Grazon P+D 7 30 0 30
Remedy 14 NS* 0 7
Weedmaster 7 37 0 37
2,4-D 7 7 7 7
*Next season.
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Haying and Grazing Restrictions for Various Livestock Species
Beef Horses Goats Beef Horses Goats
Herbicide Grazing Hay
Metsulfuron 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cimarron Plus 0 0 0 0 0 0
Milestone 0 0 0 0 0 0
Grazon Next 0 0 0 7 7 7
Chaparral 0 0 0 0 0 0
Grazon P+D 0 0 0 30 30 30
Remedy 0 0 0 7 7 7
Weedmaster 0 0 0 37 37 37
2,4-D 0 0 0 7 7 7
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When do you spray? Winter annuals - henbit, chickweed,
buttercups, thistles, ryegrassNovember through March
Summer annuals - spiny amaranth, bitter sneezeweedApril through mid-July
Perennialsgrowth stage dependent
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Herbicide Options1. 2,4-D2. dicamba (Vanquish, Banvel)3. 2,4-D + dicamba (WeedMaster, others)4. dicamba+ diflufenzopyr (Overdrive) 5. diuron (Direx, Diuron) 6. triclopyr (Remedy)7. imazapic (Impose,Panoramic)8. 2,4-D + triclopyr (CrossBow)9. triclopyr + clopyralid (Redeem)10.2,4-D + picloram (Grazon P+D, HiredHand,
GunSlinger)11.fluroxypyr + picloram (Surmount)12.fluroxypyr + triclopyr (PastureGard)
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Herbicide Options (cont.)13.aminopyralid (Milestone)14.aminopyralid + 2,4-D (Grazon Next, ForeFront)15.aminopyralid + metsulfuron (Chaparral)16.nicosulfuron + metsulfuron (Pastora)17.metsulfuron (Cimarron, MSM E.Pro, others)18.metsulfuron + chlorsulfuron (Cimarron Plus)19.chlorsulfuron (Telar)20.metsulfuron + 2,4-D + dicamba (Cimarron MAX) 21.hexazinone (Velpar)22.sulfosulfuron (OutRider)23.pendimethalin – Prowl H2O24. tebuthiuron (Spike)25.paraquat (Gramoxone Inteon, Firestorm, Parazone)26.glyphosate (Roundup PowerMax, others)
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Newest Herbicides
Milestone – aminopyralid Grazon Next, ForeFront – aminopyralid + 2,4-D Chaparral – aminopyralid + metsulfuron Telar – chlorsulfuron OutRider - sulfosulfuron Prowl H2O – pendimethalin
Pastora - nicosulfuron + metsulfuron
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Milestone
2.0 lbs./gal. aminopyralidUse rate: 4.0 to 7.0 fl. ozs./acreNumerous broadleaf weeds – thistles,
horsenettle, tropical soda apple, buttercupDo not seed legumes year of application
(additional research being conducted)Delay application until grasses have 4 to 5
leaves.
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Milestone
Non-volatileInjurious to legumes No grazing or hay restriction for any type
of livestockWeak on sida species, dogfennel,
plantains, blackberry, wild radish, other mustards.
Add 2,4-D or Remedy for weeds above.
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Grazon Next, ForeFront0.33 lbs./gal. aminopyralid + 2.67 lbs./gal 2,4-DUse rate: 1.5 to 2.6 pts./acreNumerous broadleaf weeds – thistles,
horsenettle, buttercup, henbit, plantains, verbena
Do not seed legumes year of application (additional research being conducted)
Delay application until grasses have 4 to 5 leaves.
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Grazon Next, ForeFront
Injurious to legumes No grazing restriction for any type of
livestock.7 day hay harvest restrictionBetter control of plantains and common
pokeweed than Milestone
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Chaparral
Bermuda, orchardgrass, tall fescue (up to 2.0 oz/a
Apply to fully tillered or establishedSame tall fescue precautions as
metsulfuron products (2 yr establishment)
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Chaparral
Rate (oz. product/a)
Act. Ingredient 1.5 2.0* 3.0
aminopyralid 0.049 0.066 0.098
metsulfuron 0.009 0.012 0.018
*Chaparral at 2.0 oz./a = 4.0 fl. oz/a of Milestone 2SC + 0.3 oz/a Metsulfuron 60DG
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Chaparral
Non-volatileInjurious to legumes Do not seed legumes year of application
(additional research being conducted)
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Aminopyralid- It’s Good - BUT!!!!!
Do notuse hay from treated areas for compost or mulchtransfer livestock to untreated areas without
3 d cleanoutuse manure for fertilizing broadleaf cropsuse in any temporary forage system involving
broadleaf crops
USE ONLY ON PERMANENT GRASS FORAGE SYSTEMS
Aminopyralid
For Milestone, ForeFront, Grazon Next, Chaparral:
Aminopyralid is prohibited from use on hay that will be distributed or made available for sale off the farm where harvested unless allowed by supplemental labeling.
Get aminopyralid stewardship info at: http://www.dowagro.com/range/
aminopyralid_stewardship.htm
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Telar Sulfonylurea
Chlorsulfuron 75.0% Bahiagrass, bermudagrass - 0.25 to 1.0 oz/a Tall fescue – 0.25 to 0.5 oz/a
Telar controls: Blackberry, pigweed(s), wild radish Many annual broadleaf weeds < 4.0 in. tall Does not control grass weeds, horsenettle, ragweed, fireweed
(southern nettle) Add nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v Highly injurious to legumes No grazing or haying restrictions
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Grass Control Options - Bermudagrass
Dormant bermudaGlyphosate – 1.0 pt./acre (4.0 lb./gal.)Gramoxone Inteon – 1.0 to 2.0 pts./acre
Active Growth Bermuda ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass – Cimarron, Chaparral,
ImposeSmutgrass – VelparAnnual grasses
Roundup PowerMax, after first hay cut Impose (imazapic)
Johnsongrass – OutRider, Impose Spot treat or ropewick glyphosate
OutRider - Monsanto
Sulfosulfuron, 75WDGApproved in 2008New name for MaverickControls johnsongrass and sedges in
bermudagrass and bahiagrassUse rate – 1.33 ozs./acreAdd a nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v.
OutRider - Monsanto
Johnsongrass 18 to 24 inches tall, up to seedhead stage of growth
Nutsedges – 4 to 8 inches tallDoes not control annual grasses,
dallisgrass, smutgrass, etc.Tank-mix with other herbicides for
broadleaf weed control
OutRider - Monsanto
Grazing and haying restriction14 days – all livestock types
Treated fields may be rotated only to wheat.
Injurious to clovers.
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Prowl H20 - BASF
Pendimethalin Preemergence herbicide: 3.2 to 4.2 qts/acre
Needs rainfall for incorporation within 30 days of application
Labeled on dormant forage bermudagrass hay or pasture (NOT LABELED ON TALL FESCUE)
45 day hay harvest restriction 60 day grazing restriction – all livestock types See supplemental label at: http://www.cdms.net/LDat/ld6CT014.pdf
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Prowl H20 - BASF
PRE control of crabgrass, goosegrass, sandbur, Texas and fall panicum
Also controls some annual broadleaf weeds such as pigweed
Apply February to early March to dormant bermudagrass
Must be applied before annual grasses germinate (crabgrass begins germination at soil temps. of 50 to 55 F.)
Prowl H20 Effect on the Stand Density of Irrigated Tifton 85 Pasture
Applications made to dormant bermudagrass on 3/5/10.
Prowl H20 Effect on Crabgrass Control in Irrigated Tifton 85 Pastures
Applications made to dormant bermudagrass on 3/5/10.
Pastora – DuPont - 2010
Sulfonylurea Nicosulfuron 56.2% + Metsulfuron 15.0%
Pastora controls: Sandbur, panicum sp., foxtails, barnyardgrass, signalgrass < 2.0 in. tall Pensacola bahiagrass, before seedheads emerge in spring Vaseygrass (after hay cutting) Italian ryegrass < 6.0 in. tall Johnsongrass – 6 to 10 in. tall annual broadleaf weeds < 4.0 in. tall
Use rates: 1.0 to 1.5 oz./acre + NIS Will be used on bermudagrass only (injures tall fescue and
legumes) No grazing or haying restrictions
Effect of Pastora Applied during Greenup on Southern Crabgrass Control. 2009.
Pastora applied Apr. 15, 2009 – seedling crabgrass
Effect of Pastora Applied mid-July on Southern Crabgrass Control. 2009.
Pastora applied July 20, 2009 – multi-tillered crabgrass
Effect of Pastora on Goosegrass Control in Irrigated Tifton 85 Pasture. Wrens.
Applications made on 5/6/10 and 5/27/10 for the 20 day reapplication treatment.
‘Russell’ Bermudagrass Tolerance to Pastora - 2009
Conducted at EatontonPastora 1.5 oz/ac – dormant appl. – Mar. 6Pastora 1.0 oz/ac – 40% green-up – Apr. 15Pastora 1.0 oz/ac – 18 days after 1st
harvest – June 26Pastora 1.0 oz/ac – 5 days after 2nd
harvest – July 20
‘Russell’ Bermudagrass Tolerance to Pastora - 2009
Pastora at 1.5 oz/ac applied March 6 to dormant bermuda caused no injury and did not affect hay yield at any harvest.
‘Russell’ Bermudagrass Tolerance to Pastora – 40% Green-up, 2009.
Pastora applied Apr. 15, 2009
(Oz/ac)
‘Russell’ Bermudagrass Tolerance to Pastora – 18 d after 1st harvest, 2009.
0
20
40
60
80
100
% I
nju
ry
Jul. 7 Aug. 3 Aug. 17
Pastora 1.0 + NIS
Pastora applied June 26, 2009 – 7 in. tall bermudagrass
(Oz/ac)
‘Russell’ Bermudagrass Tolerance to Pastora – 5 d after 2nd harvest, 2009.
Pastora applied July 20, 2009 – 5 d after second hay harvest
(Oz/ac)
Effect of Pastora Applied during Greenup on ‘Russell’ Hay Yield 2009.
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Yie
ld (
lbs/
ac)
Jun. 8 Jul. 15 Aug. 24
Harvest Date
UTC Pastora 1.0 + NIS
Pastora + 2,4-D 1.0 + 1.0 qt. Pastora 1.0 oz + 50% UAN
Pastora 1.0 oz + 75% UAN Pastora 1.0 oz + 100% UAN
Pastora applied Apr. 15, 2009 – 40% Green-up
(Oz/ac)
NS at all harvests
Effect of Pastora Applied 18 d after first harvest on ‘Russell’ Hay Yield 2009.
600
1000
1400
1800
2200
Yie
ld (
lbs/
ac)
Jul. 15 Aug. 24
UTC Pastora 1.0 + NIS
Pastora applied June 26, 2009 – 7 in. tall bermudagrass
(Oz/ac)
NS at all harvests
Hay harvested 19 d after appl.
Effect of Pastora Applied 5 d after 2nd harvest on ‘Russell’ Hay Yield 2009.
Pastora applied Jul. 20, 2009 – 5 d after second harvest
(Oz/ac)
*
* *
Effect of Pastora Applied during Greenup on Italian Ryegrass Control. 2009.
Pastora applied Apr. 15, 2009
(Oz/ac)
Conclusions - Pastora
Will control Italian ryegrassCrabgrass not as sensitive as other annual
grasses (best control of crabgrass is at seedling stage)
Established bermudagrass (one growing season)
Application TimingsWinter – dormant bermudaSpring – before 2 inches of new growthSummer – within 7 days of hay cutting
Conclusions
Pastora applied with water effectively controls:little barleylittle quakinggrassrattail fescueItalian ryegrass
Addition of 75% v/v UAN to Pastora decreased control of all grasses except Italian ryegrass.
Conclusions
Pastora also controls:field pansyCarolina geraniumsticky chickweedcorn speedwell
No effect of UAN on broadleaf weed control with Pastora
Addition of 2,4-D did not improve control of above weeds
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Identify weedSelect the right productTime the application correctlyApply accuratelyFollow haying restrictions
Keys to Herbicide Use