1 VMS Library 2008-2009 Europe The Continent Series.

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VMS Library 2008-2009VMS Library 2008-2009

EuropeThe Continent Series

EuropeThe Continent Series

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Satellite ViewSatellite ViewSatellite ViewSatellite View

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Longitude / Latitude

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Europe’s Latitude vs. USEurope’s Latitude vs. USEurope’s Latitude vs. USEurope’s Latitude vs. US

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3,800 square miles3,800 square miles

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RegionsRegions

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Northern PeninsulasNorthern PeninsulasNorthern PeninsulasNorthern Peninsulas

Jutland Peninsula

Scandinavian Peninsula

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Southern Southern PeninsulasPeninsulasSouthern Southern

PeninsulasPeninsulas

Iberian Peninsul

aItalian

Peninsula

Balkan Peninsul

aAnatoleanPeninsu

la

CrimeanPeninsul

a

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Mediterranean Sea:Mediterranean Sea:Mediterranean Sea:Mediterranean Sea:

2,400 miles long & 1,000 miles wide2,400 miles long & 1,000 miles wide

““Crossroads of 3 Continents”Crossroads of 3 Continents”

Strait of Gibraltar Strait of Gibraltar & the& the “Pillars of “Pillars of

Hercules”Hercules”

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Po R.

Tiber R.

RiversRivers

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The Danube RiverThe Danube RiverThe Danube RiverThe Danube River

1770 miles1770 miles

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The Danube RiverThe Danube RiverThe Danube RiverThe Danube River

Flows through theFlows through the 12 countries12 countries of Germany, of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukrainethe Ukraine. .

Where Buda Where Buda & Pest Meet& Pest MeetWhere Buda Where Buda & Pest Meet& Pest Meet

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The AlpsThe AlpsThe AlpsThe Alps

Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, and parts of Italy and France.and parts of Italy and France.

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Mt. Blanc in the AlpsMt. Blanc in the AlpsMt. Blanc in the AlpsMt. Blanc in the Alps

Highest mountain in the Alps: 15,771 feetHighest mountain in the Alps: 15,771 feet

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Ural Mountains:The Great DivideUral Mountains:The Great DivideUral Mountains:The Great DivideUral Mountains:The Great Divide

Divides the European and Divides the European and

Asian sections of RussiaAsian sections of Russia..

1500

mile

s

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The Ural MountainsThe Ural MountainsThe Ural MountainsThe Ural Mountains

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ClimatClimatee

ClimatClimatee

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LAND USELAND USE

United Kingdom

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United Kingdom• Made up of 4 regions including England,

Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.• The United Kingdom’s government used to be

an Absolute Monarchy, but today is a Constitutional Monarchy.

• The first document that limited the power of the king and forced him to obey the laws of the land was the Magna Carta.

• Parliament is the law-making body and made up of elected representatives.

• The British empire used to be so large that the “sun never set of the British empire.”

• Member of the EU.

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• What month in Norway has the highest avg. temperature?

• What month in Portugal receives the highest average rainfall?

• What is the average temperature for the month of November in Portugal?

• How much rainfall does Norway receive in April?

• Which country do you think is closer to the equator?

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Oslo, Norway

-0.5

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

5.5

6.5

7.5

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Month

Pre

cipi

tatio

n (In

ches

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Tem

pera

ture

(F)

Precipitation Temperature

Porto, Portugal

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

55.5

66.5

77.5

J F M A M J J A S O N D

Month

Pre

cipi

tatio

n (In

ches

)

0

10

2030

40

50

60

7080

90

100

Tem

pera

ture

(F)

Precipititation Temperature

France

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France • France is well known for its musical composers, literature, art, food, and fashion.

• The idea of three branches of government came from France.

• France is known for its innovative architecture.

• France has many immigrants within its borders including people from North Africa.

• France is Roman Catholic

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The BENELUX CountriesThe BENELUX CountriesThe BENELUX CountriesThe BENELUX Countries

BelgiumBelgium

NetherlandsNetherlands

LuxembourgLuxembourg

BelgiumBelgium

NetherlandsNetherlands

LuxembourgLuxembourg

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Italy• Italy is next to the Vatican City,

the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church.

• St. Peter’s basilica is in the Vatican City, along with the Sistine Chapel.

• Northern Italy is far more developed than Southern Italy with manufacturing, business, fashion, and modern buildings.

• Southern Italy depends on agriculture. Most people live in rural areas with traditional ways of life.

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Germany

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Germany

• Adolf Hitler was the leader of Germany during World War II and he killed millions of Jews during the Holocaust.

• After World War II, Germany was divided in two. West Germany was controlled by the U.S., France, and the U.K., and East Germany was controlled by Russia.

• Berlin was divided as well between West Berlin and East Berlin.

• West Germany was a democracy and East Germany was communist.

• Germany was the front line for the cold war.

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Germany Continued

• Communism fell, Germany was re-united and the Berlin Wall was torn down in 1989.

• West Germany has a better economy than East Germany because of many years of communism.

• Germany is a part of the European Union.

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Germany’s Black ForestGermany’s Black ForestGermany’s Black ForestGermany’s Black Forest

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Germany’s Black Germany’s Black ForestForest

Germany’s Black Germany’s Black ForestForest

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Holland’s DikesHolland’s DikesHolland’s DikesHolland’s DikesPolder: Land that is reclaimed from the sea or ocean.

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Amsterdam’s CanalsAmsterdam’s CanalsAmsterdam’s CanalsAmsterdam’s Canals

Amsterdam has over 40 different canals crossing through thecity.

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NorwegianNorwegian FjordsFjordsNorwegianNorwegian FjordsFjords

Glaciers Glaciers cut deep cut deep valleys in valleys in the ocean the ocean during the during the Ice Age. Ice Age.

Fjord: Steep cliffs bordering an ocean or a sea.

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Reykjavik, Iceland:Reykjavik, Iceland:“The Youngest Oldest “The Youngest Oldest

Country”Country”

Reykjavik, Iceland:Reykjavik, Iceland:“The Youngest Oldest “The Youngest Oldest

Country”Country” VolcanoesVolcanoes

Hot Hot SpringsSprings

GeysersGeysers

Surtsey Island-A volcanic island

Geyser: Hot water or steam warmed by magma under the crust that shoots up in the air.

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Mt. Etna, SicilyMt. Etna, SicilyMt. Etna, SicilyMt. Etna, Sicily

An activeAn active volcano volcano

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Eastern EuropeEastern EuropeEastern EuropeEastern Europe

Poland38

Poland• Poland has a variety of religions including

Judaism, Roman Catholicism, and Eastern Orthodox.

• During the Holocaust 85% of the Jewish people were killed by Hitler.

• Most people speak Polish and some speak Russian.

• During the Cold War Poland was under the control of a communist Soviet Union.

• Today Poland has a capitalist economy and has many foreign investors.

• The North European Plain runs through Poland making the land fertile for farming.

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Ukraine

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Ukraine

• Ukraine used to be under the control of the communist Soviet Union.

• Ukraine has very fertile farmland.

• Under communism the Soviet Union took control of Ukraine’s farms called collectives. They were forced to produce grains and meat.

• Ukraine has been ruled by outside countries in its history because of its location and few physical barriers.

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Chernobyl • Chernobyl was an outdated nuclear power

plant that exploded in 1986 in Ukraine about 65 miles from Kiev the capital.

• More than 100,000 people had to be evacuated from nearby places.

• 32,000 square miles of farmland was contaminated.

• Many people were killed due to the radiation and many people have developed deformities or cancer from the explosion.

• Today there are still traces of contamination from the nuclear explosion.

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Russia

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Red Square in Moscow

St. Petersburg, Russia

Russia • Moscow, Russia is the capital of Russia.• Russia used to be under communism for almost 70 years

until 1991.• Today Russia has a capitalist economy and most people

are Slavic .• After communism fell, many people form other countries

invested in businesses in Russia hoping to make money.• After communism fell, inflation rose and some people

lost their life savings.• Siberia has many resources. They produce coal, gold,

iron, oil, and natural gas.• The Trans-Siberian railroad helps carry materials.• Much of Russia’s economy depends on natural

resources.

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Russia Continued

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Compare what life is like in Moscow to what life is like in rural Siberia. Look on pages 340-341.

Life in Moscow Life in rural Siberia

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Russia’s Russia’s 1010 Time Zones Time ZonesRussia’s Russia’s 1010 Time Zones Time Zones

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Siberia --> Siberia --> PermafrostPermafrostSiberia --> Siberia --> PermafrostPermafrost

Average temperatures of January Average temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C July from 1 to 25°C

150,000,000 population.150,000,000 population.

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Lake Baikal, Lake Baikal, SiberiaSiberia

Lake Baikal, Lake Baikal, SiberiaSiberia

The oldest and deepestThe oldest and deepest lake in the world. lake in the world.

20% of the world’s total20% of the world’s total unfrozen water supply. unfrozen water supply.

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Trans-Siberian Trans-Siberian RailroadRailroad

Trans-Siberian Trans-Siberian RailroadRailroad

Completed in 1905Completed in 1905

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Trans-Siberian RailroadTrans-Siberian RailroadTrans-Siberian RailroadTrans-Siberian Railroad

The main line runs 5,785 miles.The main line runs 5,785 miles.

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Average Annual Average Annual PrecipitationPrecipitation

Average Annual Average Annual PrecipitationPrecipitation

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Tundra: The Not-So-Barren LandTundra: The Not-So-Barren LandBelow the Arctic CircleBelow the Arctic Circle

Tundra: The Not-So-Barren LandTundra: The Not-So-Barren LandBelow the Arctic CircleBelow the Arctic Circle

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Population DensityPopulation Density[People Per Square Mile][People Per Square Mile]

Population DensityPopulation Density[People Per Square Mile][People Per Square Mile]

BelgiumBelgium 336.82 Mexico 52.15

Japan 336.72 United StatesUnited States 29.77

India 336.62 World 14.42

United United KingdomKingdom

244.69 NorwayNorway 14.42

ItalyItaly 192.96 Canada 3.36

FranceFrance 108.09 RussiaRussia 8.61

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PopulationPopulationDistributionDistributionPopulationPopulation

DistributionDistribution

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