1 Using Satellite Data for Climate Modeling Studies: Representing Ocean Biology-induced Feedback Effect in the Tropical Pacific Rong-Hua Zhang CICS-ESSIC,

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1 Using Satellite Data for Climate Modeling Studies: Representing Ocean Biology-induced Feedback Effect in the Tropical Pacific Rong-Hua Zhang CICS-ESSIC, University of Maryland, USA Slide 2 2 Remote Sensing for Ocean-related Climate Modeling Studies July 27-Aug. 3 1998SST Chl from ocean color Ocean Topex/P/J sea level - Sep 1997 Ocean Vector Winds Sea surface salinity (SSS) Precipitation Slide 3 3 Model imprvovement & Bias reduction . Ocean biology- climate feedback Satellite data => Climate Modeling MJO Forcing Tropical instability waves (TIWs) Entrainment temperature (Te) Freshwater flux (FWF) Forcing Air-sea coupling ENSO modulation ENSO prediction Interannual variability Climate Models Processes Slide 4 4 mixed layer Thermocline Processes involved in ENSO: Forcings & feedbacks Thermocline SST wind Slide 5 5 mixed layer Thermocline Pre Freshwater Flux Ocean Biology Tropical instability waves Slide 6 6 Application of Satellite Data to Climate Modeling Tropical instability waves (TIWs)-induced surface wind forcing & feedback Freshwater flux forcing & feedback Ocean biology-induced climate feedback . Slide 7 7 Methodologies SST Chl from ocean color Ocean Vector Winds => TIWs Slide 8 8 Methodologies SST Chl from ocean color Ocean Vector Winds => TIWs Empirical relationships from historical data Slide 9 9 Methodologies SST Chl from ocean color Ocean Vector Winds => TIWs Empirical relationships from historical data Models Slide 10 10 Using Satellite Data for Climate Modeling Studies: Representing Ocean Biology-induced Feedback Effect in the Tropical Pacific Rong-Hua Zhang CICS-ESSIC, University of Maryland, USA Slide 11 11 Proposed Mechanisms for ENSO Variability Stochastic forcing in the atmosphere; The influences of extra-tropical processes; The changes in mean state of the tropical climate system; The nonlinearity and associated parameter changes; The residual effects of interannual variability; Decadal variations in the structure of wind; Decadal variations in the structure of T e. Freshwater flux forcing Physical !!! Slide 12 12 A Ocean Atmosphere Ocean Biology Physical system Marine ecosystem ENSO ? If ? What ? How ? Why care about ? Slide 13 13 Ocean Chlorophyll: NASAs SeaWiFS Satellite Slide 14 14 Ocean color data (SeaWiFS) Slide 15 15 Effects of marine biology on ENSO Penetration of solar irradiance in upper ocean Redistribution of heating in the vertical; Modification of stratification/stability Mixing, mixed layer depth, upwelling,currents SST Slide 16 16 The penetration of solar irradiance follows an exponential decline with depth: The penetrative bands on the visible part of the radiation (Morel, 1988): Ocean color data (SeaWiFS) PenetrationDepth Slide 17 17 Mixed layer Subsurface layers The biological heating Rate in the mixed layer absorbed solar radiation in the mixed layer pentrative solar radiation at the base the mixed layer PenetrationDepth Slide 18 18 Slide 19 19 SST Slide 20 20 SST Slide 21 21 Taking into account ocean biological feedback (OBF) Using satellite data to explore links between the climate system & marine ecosystem; A simple parameterization for OBF; Effects on ocean biology on ENSO; Understanding basic processes involved; Role as bias sources for SST simulation; Improving ENSO simulations & prediction ; This work Slide 22 22 SL from G. Mitchum SST Slide 23 23 A SVD-based Empirical Model for H' p H p = + Hp S vd ( SST inter ) Slide 24 24 S vd ( SST inter ) = H ' p Slide 25 25 Interannual H p experiments Hp = => -1.0 => 3.0 Slide 26 26 Slide 27 27 mixed layer thermocline Processes involved Depth Bio-response SST Q pen HpHp Density/stability/ Mixing /Entrainment Slide 28 28 Concluding remarks An empirical model for H' p ; Large effects of H' p in a climate model : Modulation of ENSO by marine biology (amplitude, periods, phase locking ) ; Interactions: physics marine biology ; A negative feedback induced by marine biology : Processes & structure of the effects identified. Importance of H' p but significant uncertainties exist: Estimate of H p ; modeling ocean ecosystem; physics-biogeochemistry coupling ; A clear source for biases; this bio- forcing component be taken into account for better ENSO simulation & prediction Slide 29 29 processes processes Model Model Obserevations Obserevations TIWs TIWs processes processes Slide 30 30 Applications of Satellite Data to Climate Modeling Tropical instability waves (TIWs)-induced surface wind forcing & feedback Zhang, R.-H. et al., 2009: Cooling effects of tropical instability wave (TIW)-induced surface wind forcing in the tropical Pacific Ocean, J. Climate, submitted. Zhang, R.-H., and A. J. Busalacchi, 2009: An empirical model for surface wind stress response to SST forcing induced by tropical Instability waves (TIWs) in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 20212046. Zhang, R.-H., and A. J. Busalacchi, 2008: Rectified effects of tropical instability wave (TIW)-induced atmospheric feedback in the tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L05608, doi:10.1029/2007GL033028. Freshwater flux-induced climate feedback Zhang, R.-H. et al., 2009: Interannual biases induced by freshwater flux and coupled feedback in the tropical Pacific, Mon. Wea. Rev., in press. Zhang, R.-H., and A. J. Busalacchi, 2009: Freshwater flux (FWF)-induced oceanic feedback in a hybrid coupled model of the tropical Pacific. J. Climate, 22, No. 4, 853879. Ocean biology-induced climate feedback . Zhang, R.-H. et al., 2009: Role of ocean biology-induced climate feedback in the modulation of El Nio-Southern Oscillation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L03608, doi:10.1029/2008GL036568. Zhang, R.-H., et al., 2009: Using satellite ocean color data to derive an empirical model for the penetration depth of solar radiation (Hp) in the tropical Pacific ocean, J. Geophys. Res., submitted . Slide 31 31 Thank you !!!