1 Unix File System Stores Files Text, Programs, Images, etc. Made up of Many Files User, Unix System, Unix Commands
Jan 18, 2018
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Unix File SystemStores Files
Text, Programs, Images, etc.Made up of Many Files
User, Unix System, Unix Commands
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Unix File System
usr var
file1, file2,file3, file4
jan
file1, file2,file3, file4
feb
data m box, letter,prog1, prog2
rdefe jsm ith
x1, x2, x3, x4
save m box, jandatinfo
djones
hom e etc lib
root
Home Directory Directory
containing all home directories
Top most directory in Unix
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Unix File SystemHome Directory
Personal Directory to store files Usually the Directory Name = login ID Current Directory after successful login
usr var
file1 , file2,file3 , file4
jan
file1 , file2,file3, file4
feb
data m box, le tter,prog1, prog2
rdefe jsm ith
x1, x2, x3, x4
save m box, jandatinfo
djones
hom e etc lib
root
Home directories for: rdefe, jsmith and djones
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Unix File SystemWhat Can You Do?
Create New Files & Directories Organize Files Locate Files Based on a Directory
Structure Change to a New Directory
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Unix File SystemFile & Directory Naming Guidelines
Don’t Use Meta Characters/ \ “ ` * ; ? { } ( ) [ ] ~ ! $ < > | & #
Do Usea-z A-Z0-9. _ -
Remember Unix is Case Sensitive!
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Unix File System
File & Directory Name Examples feb1998, 178987, my_data,
my.data.new mbox, Mbox, mboX, MBOX, mBox prog1..2 .profile
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Unix Commandsls
List Files & Directories$ ls198Aaa.bb.cc.ddbindatefileetcmailmboxmbox.oldunix$
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Unix Commandsls -p
-p Show Directories$ ls -p198Aaa.bb.cc.ddbin/datefileetc/mail/mboxmbox.oldunix/$
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Unix Commands
ls [directory1] [directory2] ... List the contents of a directory
$ ls unixawk.dataawk.prgbgraphcpyhomework2homework3unix2test$
$ ls -p198Aaa.bb.cc.ddbin/datefileetc/mail/mboxmbox.oldunix/$
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Unix Commandsls -s
-s Show File Size in Blocks Block Sizes
512 bytes1024 bytes2048 bytes
$ ls -stotal 19 1 198 1 A 1 aa.bb.cc.dd 1 bin 1 datefile 1 etc 1 mail 2 mbox 1 unix
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Unix Commandsls -l
-l Long Listing$ ls -ltotal 19-rw-r--r-- 1 rdefe unix 53 Sep 12 21:46 198-rw-r--r-- 1 rdefe unix 62 Sep 12 21:47 Adrwxr-xr-x 2 rdefe unix 96 Sep 4 20:58 bindrwxr-xr-x 3 rdefe unix 80 Aug 29 20:54 dbdrwxr-xr-x 2 rdefe unix 64 Aug 29 20:54 etcdrwxr-xr-x 2 rdefe unix 32 Sep 2 1992 mail-rw------- 1 rdefe unix 984 Sep 12 21:44 mboxdrwxr-xr-x 2 rdefe unix 144 Aug 29 20:54 unix$
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Unix Commandsls -a
-a List All Files $ ls -a....profile.sh_history198Abindatefiledbetcmboxunix$
Include Files That Begin with a ‘.’
Files that begin with a ‘.’ are usually configuration files
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Unix Commandsls -r
-r Reverse Sortls -R
-R List Contents of Subdirectories
$ ls -runixmboxmailetcdbdatefilebinA198$
• List files in each subdirectory.
• Subdirectories with Subdirectories will also be listed…and so on...
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Unix Commandsls -l -t or ls -lt
-t Sort On Modification Time$ ls -lttotal 19-rw-r--r-- 1 rdefe unix 62 Sep 12 21:47 A-rw-r--r-- 1 rdefe unix 53 Sep 12 21:46 198-rw------- 1 rdefe unix 984 Sep 12 21:44 mboxdrwxr-xr-x 2 rdefe unix 96 Sep 4 20:58 bindrwxr-xr-x 2 rdefe unix 64 Aug 29 20:54 etcdrwxr-xr-x 2 rdefe unix 144 Aug 29 20:54 unixdrwxr-xr-x 3 rdefe unix 80 Aug 29 20:54 dbdrwxr-xr-x 2 rdefe unix 32 Sep 2 1992 mail$
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Unix Commandsls -l -t -r or ls -ltr
-tr Reverse Sort On Modification Time$ ls -ltrtotal 19drwxr-xr-x 2 rdefe unix 32 Sep 2 1992 maildrwxr-xr-x 3 rdefe unix 80 Aug 29 20:54 dbdrwxr-xr-x 2 rdefe unix 144 Aug 29 20:54 unixdrwxr-xr-x 2 rdefe unix 64 Aug 29 20:54 etcdrwxr-xr-x 2 rdefe unix 96 Sep 4 20:58 bin-rw------- 1 rdefe unix 984 Sep 12 21:44 mbox-rw-r--r-- 1 rdefe unix 53 Sep 12 21:46 198-rw-r--r-- 1 rdefe unix 62 Sep 12 21:47 A$
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Unix Commands
ls -[ltrRa] [Filename1] [Filename2] … UnixCommand Options Arguments
$ ls -lt unix$
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Unix Commandscat [Filename1] [Filename2] …
Concatenate Files Display Files to the Screen Ctrl-s Pause Screen Ctrl-q Unpause Screen
$ cat sample.fileThis is a sample file that i'll use to demo how the pr command is used.The pr command is useful in formattingvarious types of text files.$
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Unix Commandsmore [Filename1] [Filename2] …
Display Files to the screen one page at a time$ more largefileThis is a sample file that i'll use to demo how the pr command is used.The pr command is useful in formattingvarious types of text files.--More--(16%)
Spacebar (next page) b (previous page) Enter Key (next line)
q (Quit & return to unix) /string (search for string) :n (next file) :p (previous file)
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Unix Commandslpr [Filename1] [Filename2] …
Send Files to a Unix Printer No Formatting (page numbers, etc.)
$ lpr prog1 mbox$
$ pr sample.file
98-05-22 23:07 sample.file Page 1
This is a sample file that i'll use to demo how the pr command is used....
Ideal solution would be to combine the lpr & pr to achieve formatted printed output
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Unix RedirectionRedirecting Input
A Command Requiring Input Can Receive it’s Input From a File
$ mail rdefe < mesg$
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Unix RedirectionRedirecting Input
Command < File
Command that requires input
File used to provide input (instead of typing it!)
$ mail rdefe < mesg$
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Redirection Examples
$ pr data > data.pr$ lpr data.pr $ pr data | lprIs the same as1
$ cal 3 1993 > year Using arguments with redirection2
$ ls -l data > stuff Using arguments & options with redirection3
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Redirection Examples
$ pr data > lpr4
$ cat text let > mesg5
$ pr f1 f2 > f16Create the file f1 Erases f1 if it already exists
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pr f1 and f2, redirect to f1
2
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Unix Commandsrm [Filename1] [Filename2] …
remove files $ rm prog1 mbox$
Caution Unix Assumes You Know What Your Doing Be Sure You Know What Your Deleting No Undelete!
$ rm *$
$ rm p*$
* is a Meta Char that matches anything
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Unix Commandsvi [Filename]
Full Screen, Visual Editor Changes Displayed As They Are Made Edits A Copy of the File Changes Must Be Saved
$ vi mesg
emacshttp://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/emacs.html
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Unix CommandsVi ModesCommand Mode
Start in command mode Every Key Performs an Editing Command
Insert Mode Perform Text Entry/Input
Command Mode Insert Mode
Insert Mode Command
ESC Key
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Sample vi Edit Session
Start in Command Mode Press a key for Append After Cursor Command Enter text (Input Mode) Press ESC key (Command Mode) Press :wq followed by Enter key to Save & Exit
$ vi mesg Welcome to UNIX
This is an example ofa text file in vi~~~
Wnewtextelcome to UNIX
This is an example ofa text file in vi~~:wq$
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Cursor PositioningMoving the Cursor in Command Mode
h
j
l
kw Forward One Wordb Backward One WordCntrl-d Scroll DownCntrl-u Scroll UpEnter Down One Line G Go To Last Line5G Go To Line 5
Key Command
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Text Input Modevi Text Input Mode Commands
Wnewtextelcome to UNIX
This is an example ofa text file in vi~~
a Append After CursorWelcome to UNIXnewtext
This is an example ofa text file in vi~~
A Append at End of LinenewtextWelcome to UNIX
This is an example ofa text file in vi~~
i Insert Before Cursor
newtextWelcome to UNIX
This is an example ofa text file in vi~~
I Insert at Beginning of Line
R Replace Text (typeover)r Replace One Char
newtextWelcome to UNIX
This is an example ofa text file in vi~~
O Open New Line Above Cursoro Open New Line Below Cursor
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Deleting TextWelcome to UNIX
This is an example ofa text file in vi~~
x Delete One CharX Delete Char Before Cursor
dd Delete One LineThis is an example ofa text file in vi~~
Proceed Any Command with a Number to multiply effect 4x Delete 4 chars 5dd Delete 5 lines 3dw Delete 3 words
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Undo ChangesWelcome to UIX
This is an example ofa text file in vi~~
x Delete One Charu Undo Last Change
Welcome to UNIX
This is an example ofa text file in vi~~
WELcome to UIX 123
This is an example ofa text file in vi~~
U Undo All Changes on Line
Welcome to UNIX
This is an example ofa text file in vi~~
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Saving Your ChangesCommand Mode
ZZ Save & Exit vi :wq Save & Exit vi :w data Save to a file data :q! Quit Without Saving Changes
Vi reference Card http://vh224401.truman.edu/~dbindner/mirror/vi-ref.pdf
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Other Goodies... /string Forward Search for `string`?string Backward Search for `string`
n Repeat Search N Repeat Search in reverse direction
Ctrl-G Display Current Location in File J Join two lines together
http://www.thomer.com/thomer/vi/vi.html
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That’s All ...