CEEGIS1- Geographical Information System
Feb 01, 2016
CEEGIS1- Geographical Information System
GIS terminology
• Geographical Information System• Geographical Information Science• Geoinformatics• Geomatics• Spatial information system• Geospatial systems• Geospatial information engineering• Land information system
InformationSystem
InformationSystem
Non-spatialInformationSystems
SpatialInformationSystems
SpatialInformationSystems
ManagementInformationSystems
GeographicInformationSystems
GeographicInformationSystems
OtherTypes
(CAD/CAM)
GIS AND OTHER INFORMATION SYSTEMS
What is the specialty of GIS?
Facilitates faster process of operations �Provides solution for many real world �
problemsDecision making tool with the support of �
organized data Integrating technology Dynamic map display and interactive query�
Technologies that support GIS
• Remote Sensing�• Photogrammetry�• Cartography (Manual/Automated)�• Positioning technology�• CAD/CADD�• Geodesy/Surveying/Mapping�
UNIT-I : INTRODUCTION
Definition Historical backgroundConcepts Development Qualification and Requirements Elements of GIS Cartography - Map and Map analysis - Co-ordinate Systems
Defining GIS
• A powerful set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world (Burrough, 1986)
• A system for capturing, storing checking, manipulating, analysing and displaying data which are spatially referenced to the Earth (Dept. of Environment, 1987)
• An information technology which stores, analyses, and displays both spatial and non-spatial data (Parker, 1988)
Some other Definitions
Definitions, continued…
• A database system in which most of the data are spatially indexed, and upon which a set of procedures operated in order to answer queries about spatial entities in the database (Smith et al., 1987).
• A decision support system involving the integration of spatially referenced data in a problem solving environment (Cowen, 1988).
• A computerised system that provides advanced capabilities for the processing and interpretation of spatial information from the real world.
• An organised collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate,analyse, and display all forms of geographically referenced information.
Definitions, continued…
Historical Background
• The traditional method of presenting geographical information in two dimensions is in the form of maps.
• First developed in North America, particularly the U.S. and Canada in the mid-1960s
• Previously been used in natural resources and environmental research
Future developments
Trend of GIS
1960 1980 2012
Technological trend Data
o Multi-spectral – Hyper spectralo Low – High spatial resolutiono Mono – stereo imaging
Hardwareo Workstation based - PC – Mobile level
Software o Desktop – WebGIS – Mobile GIS
Interneto Low Bandwidth – Broadband basedo Web services (Google Earth/World Wind etc.)
Spatial Multimedia
Web GIS
3D and Virtual GIS• To represent the real world better• Better visual impact• Simulate and scenario Development• Real time analysis• Animation