1 Translation of Research Translation of Research Findings for Prevention and Findings for Prevention and Control of NCDs Control of NCDs Shanthi Mendis Shanthi Mendis Chronic Disease Prevention and Chronic Disease Prevention and Management Management World Health Organization World Health Organization
24
Embed
1 Translation of Research Findings for Prevention and Control of NCDs Shanthi Mendis Chronic Disease Prevention and Management World Health Organization.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
1
Translation of Research Findings for Translation of Research Findings for Prevention and Control of NCDs Prevention and Control of NCDs
Shanthi MendisShanthi MendisChronic Disease Prevention and Management Chronic Disease Prevention and Management
World Health Organization World Health Organization
Translation of Research Findings for Translation of Research Findings for Prevention and Control of NCDs Prevention and Control of NCDs
Shanthi MendisShanthi MendisChronic Disease Prevention and Management Chronic Disease Prevention and Management
World Health Organization World Health Organization
2
Translation of Research Findings (Evidence) Translation of Research Findings (Evidence) into national NCD policies and programs in into national NCD policies and programs in
low- and- middle- income countries low- and- middle- income countries
Translation of Research Findings (Evidence) Translation of Research Findings (Evidence) into national NCD policies and programs in into national NCD policies and programs in
low- and- middle- income countries low- and- middle- income countries
Does evidence exist to inform NCD policies?
How can evidence be translated into policies?
Global mortalityMajor NCDs = Heart disease, Stroke, Cancer, Diabetes, asthma
Cardiovascular diseases 30%
Cancer 13% Other NCDs, Other NCDs, injuries injuries & mental health& mental health18% 18%
What research findings do we have ?What research findings do we have ?What research findings do we have ?What research findings do we have ?
Research has found the causes of major NCDs.
Research findings on effective interventions that protect the population from NCDs address people with NCDs or at high risk
These interventions have been effectively implemented in developed countries to reverse NCD trends.
5
What are the evidence informed NCD Policies ?What are the evidence informed NCD Policies ?What are the evidence informed NCD Policies ?What are the evidence informed NCD Policies ?
Promote physical Activity
Promote fruits/vegetables intake
Reduce salt and fat intake
Control tobacco
Early detection and management
National NCDPolicies
6
Potential Impact of evidence based NCD policies Potential Impact of evidence based NCD policies
Potential Impact of evidence based NCD policies Potential Impact of evidence based NCD policies
Reduce recurrent heart attacks and strokes 75% Reduce mortality from heart disease 50% Reduce mortality from cancer, asthma, COPD Reduce health care costs Reduce social and macroeconomic costs
Wider determinants of NCD Wider determinants of NCD Wider determinants of NCD Wider determinants of NCD
Projected global deaths (2004-2030) Global Burden of Disease 2004 data
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Dea
ths
(mill
ion
s)
Cancers
Stroke
Road trafficaccidents
HIV/AIDSTB
Malaria
Acute respiratoryinfections
Ischaemic HD
Perinatal
9
Gap in Knowledge Translation Gap in Knowledge Translation Gap in Knowledge Translation Gap in Knowledge Translation
What are the challenges for evidence informed policy making?
What factors affect the policy environment ?
How can policy making be made more open to the influence of evidence ?
10
Challenges Challenges Challenges Challenges
Intersectoral nature of NCD policies Associated with the pressures of globalization Constraints to knowledge translation
control tobacco e.g. increase in tobacco tax
reduce salt/fat intake e.g. agreement with food industry
promote healthy eating e.g. regulate fast food chains
increase fruits/vegetable intake e.g. agriculture subsidies
Per capita expenditure on health (International dollars )
Per capita expenditure on health (International dollars )
Less than 50 $
50 – 99
100-499
500-999
1000-1999
>2000
33 2572241918
Expenditure Number of countries
LMIC < 5% of GDP on health aim at 10-15%
12
Evidence informed policy making Evidence informed policy making Evidence informed policy making Evidence informed policy making
Clear stages in decision making
Formal mechanisms for consultation
Open processPlayers known
Constraints identified
Policy process
13
Political, Social, Economic and other Factors that influence Political, Social, Economic and other Factors that influence policy making policy making
Political, Social, Economic and other Factors that influence Political, Social, Economic and other Factors that influence policy making policy making
Agenda of donors
Resource constraints
Competing interests and priorities
Governments that encourage policy debate
PartnershipsNetworks
GovernanceLegislation, mandatory regulations
The Need for Partnerships and Governance The Need for Partnerships and Governance The Need for Partnerships and Governance The Need for Partnerships and Governance
Food labelling
Partnership with industry to reduce salt in processed food
Governance e.g. mandatory regulations or supervisory bodies
Partnerships are keyPartnerships are keyPartnerships are keyPartnerships are key
Causes/solutions often outside health systems Need to look across society for the solutions Work intersectorally across ministries Alliances and coalitions, public/private
Support evidence informed policy making Support evidence informed policy making
Improve Health Literacy - Improve Health Literacy - Helping People to:
New ways to engage people so that they can influence policy –
Empowerment of the community Empowerment of the community Empowerment of the community Empowerment of the community
• RadioRadio• InternetInternet• MobilesMobiles• Interactive TVInteractive TV
18
How can networks Influence policy process ?How can networks Influence policy process ?How can networks Influence policy process ?How can networks Influence policy process ?
Policy Process Media and Civil Society networks
Agenda setting Advocacy
Policy formulation Collaborate in discussion
Implementation Enhance policy communication
Evaluation Collect evidence on problems
19
Need to Strengthen Country Capacity Need to Strengthen Country Capacity For Broader Intersectoral Approaches to Research and Knowledge For Broader Intersectoral Approaches to Research and Knowledge
Translation that goes beyond the health sectorTranslation that goes beyond the health sector
Need to Strengthen Country Capacity Need to Strengthen Country Capacity For Broader Intersectoral Approaches to Research and Knowledge For Broader Intersectoral Approaches to Research and Knowledge
Translation that goes beyond the health sectorTranslation that goes beyond the health sector
Source: Potter and Brough (2004).Source: Potter and Brough (2004).
Structures, systems rolesStructures, systems roles
Staff and infrastructureStaff and infrastructure
SkillsSkills
ToolsTools
Enable Enable effective effective use of…use of…
Enable Enable effective effective use of…use of…
Enable Enable effective effective use of…use of…
Require…Require…
Require…Require…
Require…Require…
20
World Health Organization Tools for translation of World Health Organization Tools for translation of evidence into policies evidence into policies
World Health Organization Tools for translation of World Health Organization Tools for translation of evidence into policies evidence into policies
Action Plan for Prevention and Control of NCD Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Global Strategy for Diet, Physical activity and Health
Primary Care Package of Essential NCD interventions
21
Conclusions Conclusions Conclusions Conclusions
Requirements for prevention and control of NCDs
Broader intersectoral approaches to research Translation of research findings into policies Recognition of the widespread failure to
implement evidence-based Health Interventions
22
Conclusions Conclusions Conclusions Conclusions For prevention and control of NCDs we need To find better ways for evidence informed policy making Partnerships to support intersectoral policies Networks to link researchers and technocrats Strong role of the State and better governance Knowledge translation that goes beyond the health sector