The respiratory system 1. To know and understand the components of the respiratory system 2. To understand the mechanics (action) of breathing 3. To understand the process of gaseous exchange
The respiratory system
1. To know and understand the components of the respiratory system
2. To understand the mechanics (action) of breathing
3. To understand the process of gaseous exchange
The structure of the lungs
• State 5 key structures that are linked to the respiratory system.
• State 5 key structures that can be found in the circulatory system.
Present the structures as bullet points under a heading or compose a spidergram.
The respiratory system
Task - worksheet
• Label the diagram of the respiratory system
Extension
• Describe the function of the key structures.
Mechanisms of breathing Task (white board)
1. Place your hands on your ribs and take a few deep breaths in and out.
2. In pairs write what you think is happening when taking a breath in (inhalation) and a breath out (exhalation) to the:
Ribs and lungs
Why do you think this happens?
Extension
Diaphragm & Intercostal muscles?
What effect do these changes have on breathing during each phase?
Starter activity With every breath we inhale and exhale 4 main components. Name the 4 components and describe how the percentage may vary for inhalation and exhalation
Into the lungs-Inhale
1. Oxygen 21%
2. Carbon dioxide small amount
3. Water vapour-a little
4. Nitrogen 79%
Out of the lungs-exhale
1. Oxygen is reduced
2. Carbon dioxide is increased
3. More water vapour is produced(Aerobic Respiration)
4. Nitrogen 79%
Mechanisms of breathing – inspiration
Mechanisms of breathing – expiration
Task – worksheet 2 • Describe the process of inhalation and exhalation using the
following key words:
• Ribs, Intercostal muscles, Diaphragm, volume of thorax, pressure
Extension
With every breath we inhale 4 main components.
• Oxygen (21%)
• Carbon dioxide (minimal)
• Water Vapour (minimal)
• Nitrogen (79%)
State and explain
how you think the
percentage of each
component might
change during
exhalation
Factors which determine the amount of air breathed in – Key terms and practical activity
Tidal volume is the amount you breathe in and out in
one normal breath. (approx. 0.5L at rest)
Respiratory rate is how many breaths you take per minute.
(approx. 8-15 at rest)
Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air you can
breathe out after breathing in as much as you can.
V02 max is the maximum volume of oxygen your
body uses in one minute.
Minute Volume the volume of air inhaled per minute. (4-6L
at rest)
= Tidal volume x Respiratory rate
Gas exchange at the alveoli The alveoli are bunches
of tiny air sacks inside
the lungs.
Each individual sack is
called an alveolus.
When you breathe in,
they fill with air.
The alveoli are covered in tiny capillaries (blood vessels).
Gases can pass through the thin walls of each alveolus and
capillary, and into the blood stream.
Gases can also pass from the blood stream, into the alveolus.
Gas exchange at the alveoli
Gaseous exchange – practical task
• You are about to become a component of the respiratory system.
• Some of you are going to be oxygen or carbon dioxide molecules.
• Your task is to act out the flow of O2 through the respiratory system via the correct route
• You then need to show via gaseous exchange the exchange of gases at the alveoli and how CO2 is breathed out of the body
• Now demonstrate how this process changes during exercise.
Task 1. Draw a diagram and summarise the process of gas
exchange. You should include the following key words:
Oxygen
Breathed in
Alveoli
Diffuses
Blood cell
Capillary
Carbon Dioxide
Breathed out
Extension
How might smoking
affect respiration and
gaseous exchange?
Classwork task
The journey of an oxygen molecule
You are an oxygen molecule in the atmosphere. Describe your journey from the atmosphere to a muscle cell.
You can add some humour but it must be accurate.
The Circulatory System
• Research work-Use full sentences P12 and P14
1. Name 3 main parts of the circulatory system
2. How many chambers does the heart have and what are they called?
3. Give a definition for the pulse.
4. Identify 3 places where you can take the pulse.
5. Name the 4 components of blood and give a brief description of each.