1. Through the findings of the research, syntactic order of difficulty emerges when Chinese learners of English learn English relative clauses and SS type and SO type are the hardest, which supports Kuno (1974)’s Perceptual Difficulty Hypothesis PHD. CONCTRIBUTIONS-1
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1. Through the findings of the research, syntactic order of difficulty emerges when Chinese learners of English learn English relative clauses and SS type.
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1. Through the findings of the research, syntactic
order of difficulty emerges when Chinese
learners of English learn English relative clauses
and SS type and SO type are the hardest, which
supports Kuno (1974)’s Perceptual Difficulty
Hypothesis PHD.
CONCTRIBUTIONS-1
2. Based on the productive data, seven types of errors
were categorized and showed in descending order as follows.
(1)wrong choice of relative pronouns(2)confusion of non-restrictive RCs with
restrictive RCs and vice versa(3) misusing expressions of quantity in
relative clauses(4)redundant use of pronouns(5)wrong omission of the preposition after or
before a relative clause(6)lack of agreement in number between the
relative pronoun and the following verb (7)wrong omission of relative pronouns.
CONCTRIBUTIONS-2
Suggested Procedures and Drills for Teaching English RCs
1. English teachers must be aware of the following three
concepts:
(1) what the structural differences are
(2) what tendencies Chinese learners have in acquiring the RC
grammatical feature
(3) what options are available for teaching
2. General Introduction to RCs
(1) Relative clauses modify nouns and they are placed after the head.
(2) RP (Relative Pronoun) is needed and has two functions:
conjunction and sentential function in subject and object.
CONCTRIBUTIONS-3
Suggested Procedures and Drills for Teaching English RCs
3. Combining Sentences
According to Paulston (1978:26), integration drills are useful
in practicing relative clause formation.
Step 1. Find the noun that occurs in both sentences.
Step 2. Decide the main clause and the embedded sentence.
(a) I know the boy. – main clause
(b) The boy ran out of the classroom. – embedded sentence
Step 3. Insert the embedded sentence in a bracket, after the
noun that will be modified.
Steps to combine sentencesStep 4. Replace the noun in the embedded sentence with a
proper relative pronoun and move it to the initial
position of the embedded sentence.
I know the boy who ran out of the classroom.
Drill: (a) The woman works in my office.
(b) She goes out with Bill.
→ The woman who goes out with Bill works in my office.
→ The woman who works in my office goes out with Bill.
(C) I don’t like her.
→ I don’t like the woman in my office who goes out with Bill.
Translation Analyze basic word-order patterns in English and Chinese.
•An English adjective is usually placed before the head noun.•A prepositional phrase usually follows the head noun in English.•An English relative clause always follows the head noun.* adj. → adj. ph → RC