1 “ There are two levers for moving men – interest and fear” Napoleon Bonaparte EQ: What caused the Fr. Revolution? What was the Estate system?

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“ There are two levers for moving men – interest and fear” Napoleon Bonaparte

EQ:What caused the Fr. Revolution? What was the Estate system? Was it fair? Why? Why not?

F.R. causes handout Sample Pay Stub- Questions

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In 1789 French Society was very unequal There were 3 main classes of people,

which was referred to as the (Estate system)

1ST Estate, 2nd Estate, and the third Estate

What and who did each group consist of?

1st EstatePriviledged ClassClergy of the Catholic ChurchOwned 10% of the land in FranceConsisted of less than 1% of the

population

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2nd Estate Priviledged Class Rich Nobles Owned 20% of land in France Consisted of 2% of the population

The Third Estate Consisted of 98% of population Had no power to influence the government Frustrated by unfair system

Both the 1st and 2nd Estates rejected Enlightenment ideas, while the 3rd estate embraced them. Why?

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The Estates General – a meeting of representatives from all three estates.

Each estate met separately with each group having one vote 1st and 2nd Estate had 300

delegates each 3rd Estate had about 600

delegate

In 1789 Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates General to discuss the poor French Economy and Raise taxes.

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During the meeting the 3rd estate voiced their concerns about the unfairness of the system and proposed setting up a constitutional government.

June 17, 1789 the 3rd Estate voted to call itself the National Assembly and draft a constitution without the support of the king or the other two estates.

By doing this they proclaimed an end to absolute monarchy and the beginning of a representative government

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Is it legal for a man in California to marry his widow’s sister? Why?

EQ:How did the Third Estate/ National Assembly

respond to their treatment by the king?Why was Storming of the Bastille such a

significant event? Mari Antoinette Reading Execution handout Guillotine – torture disc

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Tennis Court Oath – Members of the third estate moved to a tennis court after they found that they had been locked out of their building

They promised not to leave until a new constitution was written

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Storming the Bastille – July 14 – The king threatens to use force on the third estate Until a mob overwhelms the kings forces at the Bastille – a prison that stockpiled gunpowder Became a great symbolic

act of the revolution July 14 = July 4 in the

U.S.A

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The Great Fear – a wave of panic that spread throughout France because of widespread peasant rebellionsCommoners broke

into Nobles homes – pillaged

The King and Queen left Versailles

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Declaration of the Rights of Man Reflected Enlightenment

ideas and the Declaration of Independence

“Men are born free and equal in rights

Political associations should protect rights

“Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity” became a slogan of the Revolution.

France became a constitutional monarchy.

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Because neighboring countries were scared that revolution might spread to their countries, Austria went to war with France

France was defeated The rise of the Sans- Culottes – literally

mean “without Breeches”, but actually referred to those without fine clothes.

This signaled a more radical and violent stage of the revolution.

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After the King tried to escape France, he was arrested and held prisoner

In Sept. of 1792, The National Assembly became the National Convention – which did not share authority with the King

On Jan. 21 1793 Louis XVI was beheaded on the Guillotine

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Invented by Frenchmen

Killed Quick and “humanely”

During the Fr. Rev tens of thousands were executed at the guillotine

Other methods of Execution? Torture?

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“You must lose a fly to catch a trout” G. Herbert

EQ:How did Napoleon gain power?What were Napoleons’ 3 mistakes that led

the downfall of his empire Napoleon Movie Invasion of Russia Handout

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The Committee of Public Safety – was a 12 member body who was created by the National Convention to protect the young republic

Maxmillian Robespierre - Controlled the government by dominating the COPS

Reign of Terror – term used to describe Robespierre’s reign because so many were executed (40,000)

Robespierre himself was sent to the Guillotine on July 28th, 1794

The Directory takes over – an Executive body of 5 men

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Born in 1769 – Island of Corsica

Went to a French military school at the age of 9

Joined the army during the revolution

Became a national hero after he defended the National Convention from Royalist – support the king

In 1796 the Directory placed him in charge of the French military

Nov. 9th 1799 Napoleon staged a Coup de tat – overthrow of the government.

Assumed dictator status

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Napoleonic Code – A uniform set of laws for France that eliminated a lot of injustices under the monarchy Set up more fair tax system Set up national bank Created lycees- Public Schools

Selling of Louisiana to the U.S.A Sold the territory for 15

million Wanted to focus on Europe Stronger U.S.A. would rival

Britain’s power

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He wanted to create a French controlled European empire and spread the revolution.

At the battle of Austerlitz, Napoleon crushed the 1st coalition of Britain, Russia, Austria, Sweden

After Austerlitz Napoleon controlled the largest European Empire since the Romans.

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1. The Continental System – purpose was to make continental Europe more self sufficient and hurt Britain’s economy.

Called for a Blockade – forcible closing of ports

Problems -smugglers, allies disregarded ordered, Britain in turn ordered blockade of France

Hurt Napoleon more b/c Britain’s navy was stronger

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2. Peninsular War 1808 – 1813 Napoleon invaded Portugal b/c it was

ignoring the Cont. System Spanish protested so, Napoleon removes

Spanish king and puts his brother on the throne.

Spanish guerillas attack the French Army for 5 years

Napoleon lost 300,000 men and it severely weakened the French army

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3. Invasion of Russia Russia retreated

towards Moscow and practiced the Scorched Earth Policy – burned grain fields and livestock so that the French couldn’t live off of Russian resources

Winter sets in and then Russians attack

Disaster for Napoleon’s army

Left Russian with 10,000 soldiers out of 400,000

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DQ – If you could change any law in the U.S., which law would you change and WHY??

EQWhat was Napoleon’s fate? What were the similarities/ differences of

the American and French Revolutions? Finish Napoleon Movie Changes made by Napoleon handout

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The third Coalition of Britain, Austria, Russia and Prussia defeated France.

Napoleon was exiled to Elba.

He Escapes… Battle of Waterloo….

Duke of Wellington.. Exiled to St. Helena Died of a stomach

ailment in 1821.

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French revolutionary stages

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The American revolution was more about political rights and self government

The French Revolution on the other hand, was more about equality of the masses – more a social revolution

Both significantly changed World History

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"One of the most ablest of all talents is to never use 2 words where only 1 will do“ -T.Jefferson

Finish movie if necessary ?The King and the Rev handout Ch 11 Test