1 The Services-Enabled Internet: Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks Randy H. Katz The United Microelectronics Corporation Distinguished Professor.

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The Services-Enabled Internet: Implications forMobile Wireless Networks

Randy H. KatzThe United Microelectronics Corporation Distinguished Professor

Computer Science Division, EECS Department

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 USA

[email protected]

Some slides contributed by Prof. Eric Brewer and Dr. Steve McCanne

S. S. 7

IcebergNinja Endeavour Sahara

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Presentation Outline

• Convergence, Divergence, Competition• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet• Services-Enabled Networks• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks• Summary and Conclusions

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Presentation Outline

• Convergence, Divergence, Competition• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet• Services-Enabled Internet• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks• Summary and Conclusions

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Evolution of the Computer

Eniac, 1947

Telephone,1876

Computer+ Modem

1957

Early WirelessPhones, 1978

First Color TVBroadcast, 1953

HBO Launched, 1972

Interactive TV, 1990

Handheld PortablePhones, 1990

First PCAltair,1974

IBMPC,

1981

AppleMac,1984

ApplePowerbook,

1990

IBMThinkpad,

1992

HPPalmtop,

1991

AppleNewton,

1993

PentiumPC, 1993

Red Herring, 10/99

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Game ConsolesPersonal Digital Assistants

Digital VCRs (TiVo, ReplayTV)

CommunicatorsSmart Telephones

E-Toys (Furby, Aibo)

Evolution of the Computer

PentiumPC, 1993

Atari HomePong, 1972

AppleiMac, 1998

Pentium IIPC, 1997

Palm VIIPDA, 1999

NetworkComputer,

1996

FreePC, 1999

SegaDreamcast,

1999

Internet-enabledSmart Phones,

1999

Red Herring, 10/99

Proliferation of diverseend devices and access networks

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Information Appliances

• Different design constraints based on intended use, enhances ease of use

– Desktop PC– Mobile PC– Desktop “Smart” Phone– Mobile Telephone– Personal Digital Assistant– Set-top Box– Digital VCR– …

• Implications: – Shift from computer design to consumer design– Heterogeneous “standards,” hybrid networking– Interactive networking, access on demand, QoS

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Presentation Outline

• Convergence, Divergence, and Competition• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet• Services-Enabled Internet• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks• Summary and Conclusions

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Network “Cloud”

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RegionalNet

Regional Nets + Backbone

RegionalNet Regional

Net

RegionalNet Regional

Net

RegionalNet

Backbone

LAN LANLAN

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ISP

Backbones + NAPs + ISPs

ISP

ISPISP

BusinessISP

ConsumerISP

LAN LANLAN

NAPNAP

Backbones

Dial-up

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CoreNetworks

Covad

Core Networks + Access Networks

@home

ISPCingular

Sprint AOL

LAN LANLAN

NAP

Dial-up

DSLAlways on

NAP

CableHead Ends

CellCell

Cell

SatelliteFixed Wireless

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Covad

Computers Inside the Core

@home

ISPCingular

Sprint AOL

LAN LANLAN

NAP

Dial-up

DSLAlways on

NAP

CableHead Ends

CellCell

Cell

SatelliteFixed Wireless

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Global Packet Network Internetworking(Connectivity)

ISPCLEC

New Internet Services Business Model

Application-specificOverlay Networks

(Multicast Tunnels, Mgmt Svrcs)

Applications(Portals, E-Commerce,

E-Tainment, Media)

Application-specific Servers(Streaming Media, Transformation)ASP

InternetData Centers

Appl Infrastructure Services(Distribution, Caching,

Searching, Hosting)

AIPISV

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Presentation Outline

• Convergence, Divergence, Competition• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet• Services-Enabled Internet• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks• Summary and Conclusions

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Services Within the Network: Content

Distribution

“Internet Grid”Parallel Network BackbonesInternet Exchange Points

Co-Location

Scalable Servers

WebCaches

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Services in the Internet:Napster, Gnutella,

Freenet, …• Something more than illegally sharing

RIP’d music and videos from CDs and DVDs …

• Cooperative construction of directories– Peer-to-peer computing vs. client-server computing– No centralized index/performance hot spot/target for

denial of service attack, etc.– BUT existing “chatty” implementations generate a lot

of network traffic

• Technologies will evolve for efficient sharing of information within communities

– E.g., Lotus Notes, newsgroups, etc.– Linking library catalogs together

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Services Within the Network:Streaming Media

Clients

Broadcasters

Content Broadcast

ManagementPlatform and

Tools

Steve McCanne

EdgeServers

Load Balancing ThruServer Redirection;

Content BroadcastNetwork

Content DistributionThrough MulticastOverlay Network

RedirectionFabricInter-ISP Redirection

Peering

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Isolatedmulticast

clouds

Traditionalunicastpeering

multicastcloud

multicastcloud

multicastcloud

multicastcloud

multicastcloud

Enabled by Application-Specific Overlay Networks

E.g., solve the multicast management and peering problems by moving up the protocol stack

Steve McCanne

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Application-Level Servers/Routers

Solve the multicast management and peering problems by moving up the protocol stack

Steve McCanne

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Presentation Outline

• Convergence, Divergence, Competition• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet• Services-Enabled Internet• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks• Summary and Conclusions

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The iMode Story

• 21 million+ Internet-capable cellular phone subscribers

• NTTDoCoMo has become the world’s largest ISP!

• Most frequent used applications:

– Voice conversations– Text messages– Animated cartoons– Specialized ringing tones

• Japanese teenagers, especially females, driving the competitive development of new services!

– Services have the half-life of “fashion”

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Huge Expense of New Telecomms Infrastructures

• Auctions for 3G spectrum: 150 billion ECU;Capital outlays may match spectrum expenses, all before first revenue

• Build it, but will they come?– Compelling services make the difference

• Alternative business model– Collaborative deployment of wireless infrastructure– Competitive provisioning of services

• Better way to build a network? …– Partition frequencies based on subscriber density– Eliminate duplicate antenna sites– Leverage common backhaul networks

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Access Network

Business Unusual: Coopetition

Internet

PSTNNetwork

BackhaulNetwork

Access Network

BackhaulNetwork

Virtual Operator “leases”frequencies from a

Real Operator, on-demand,based on the density

of its subscribers

Subscriber-LessCell Site

Operators

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The Case for Horizontal Architectures

“The new rules for success will be to provide one part of the puzzle and to cooperate with other suppliers to create the complete solutions that customers require. ... [V]ertical integration breaks down when innovation speeds up. The big telecoms firms that will win back investor confidence soonest will be those with the courage to rip apart their monolithic structure along functional layers, to swap size for speed and to embrace rather than fear disruptive technologies.”

The Economist Magazine, 16 December 2000

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Application Services in the Mobile Wireless Network

• Enabling more user-centered/adaptive apps

– User preference management services– Application coordination services– Context-awareness services– Content-localization services– Mobility-model extraction services– Content adaptation to access network performance– Content adaptation to access client capabilities– Storage migration in response to user mobility

• Special about mobile wireless?– Exploitation of location and mobility– Resource constrained nature of wireless environment

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Infrastructure Services in the Mobile Wireless

Network• Forming dynamic confederations

– Discovering confederates, establishing trust

• Open service/resource allocation model– Service creation, establishment, placement;– Exchange resources, capabilities, status;– Allocate based on economic methods;– Manage trust among participants;

• Service brokering– Dynamically construct overlays on component

services provided by underlying service providers– Redirect to alternative service instances

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A New Kind ofServices-Enabled Internet

• Push services towards edges: caches, content distribution, localization

• Construct service networks from third parties or confederations: greater support among mobile operators than conventional ISPs

• Manage redirection, not routes: key to service-level peering

• New applications-specific protocols• Twilight of the end-to-end argument?

– Trusted service providers/network intermediaries– Service providers create own application-specific

overlays, e.g., cache and streaming media content distribution

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The Case for Edge Services

• Wide-area bandwidth “unlimited and for free”• Increasing b/w over access networks• Faster, more predictable response time• Scale, resistance to crippling denial of service

attacks• Integrate localized content, exploit local context• Near client, inside access provider, not server• Examples:

– Caching: exploits response time, b/w efficiency, high local b/w– Filtering: form of local content transformation– Internet TV: b/w efficiency, high local b/w, predictable response– Transformation: adapt content for end user/diverse access

devices– Software Rental: exploits high local b/w– Games, chat rooms, ….

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Presentation Outline

• Convergence, Divergence, Competition• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet• Services-Enabled Internet• Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks• Summary and Conclusions

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The Service-Enabled Internet/ Post-PC Era

• Not about specific Information Appliances• Services spanning access networks, to

achieve high performance/manage end device diversity

• Builds on the New Internet– Opening up of the connectivity “cloud”– Embedding computing in the communications fabric

• Pervasive support for “intelligent” services– Near you for faster access, more personalized, more

localized– Scalable to deal with surges in demand as needed

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Emerging Reference Architecture

Path Provider (ISP Cloud)Path Provider (ISP Cloud)Path Provider (ISP Cloud)Path Provider (ISP Cloud)Path Provider (ISP Cloud)Server Center Provider

Perf Measurement Service

Service Placement Service

SLAsVerify

Path Broker Server Broker

Server RegistrationAdvertisement

Registration

Service Registration ServiceRedirection

Distributed Application

PricingService

ConstraintSpecification Adapt

Marshal ResourcesBased on Economic Constraints

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A New Research Agenda

• New Kind of “Quality of Service”– Perceived quality depends on services in the network– Manage caches, redistributors, latency– Cost/complexity of Service Management?

• Bandwidth no longer an issue– Tier 1 ISP backbones rapidly moving towards OC 192 (9.6

gbs!)– Better interconnection: hops across ASs decreasing over time– Broadband access networks: cable, DSL, 3G wireless, ...– End-to-end latency/server load dominate performance

• Supporting Old Services in the New Internet– Overlay services: IP Multicast, DNS, …– Rethinking the End-to-End Principle– Service/content-level peering, just like routing-level peering– Secure end-to-end connection compatible with service model?