1 The Hydrologic Cycle • Where is the water? • The global cycle • Groundwater – The myth of underground rivers
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The Hydrologic Cycle
• Where is the water?• The global cycle• Groundwater
– The myth of underground rivers
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Water source Water volume, incubic miles
Percent oftotal water
Oceans 317,000,000 97.24%
Icecaps, Glaciers 7,000,000 2.14%
Ground water 2,000,000 0.61%
Fresh-water lakes 30,000 0.009%
Inland seas 25,000 0.008%
Soil moisture 16,000 0.005%
Atmosphere 3,100 0.001%
Rivers 300 0.0001%
Total water volume 326,000,000 100%
From USGS, similar to CS Table 17.2
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How much of water is usable by humans?
CS Figure 17.6
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LH LH
6CS Fig. 17.3
WET!DRY!
7CS Fig. 17.2
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CS Fig. 17.8
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From USGS
Porosity = spaces in rockPermeability = connectedness of spaces in rockWater table = level below which all spaces filled
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An aquifer is a porous, water-bearing layer of sand, gravel or rock
CS Fig. 17.9
Permeable!
Permeable!Permeable!
Impermeable!
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The Rock Cycle
• Structure of the Earth
• Plate Tectonics
• Rocks and the Rock Cycle
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Fig. 14.2
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Fig. 14.3
Map of Tectonic Plates
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CS Fig. 14.5
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Fig. 14.4Tectonic plate movement
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Subduction animation
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Types of Plate Boundaries
Divergent-Plates move away from each other
Convergent-Plates move towards each other
Transform-Plates slide past each other
i.e. mid ocean ridges
i.e. subduction zones
18CS Fig. 14.3
Dec. 26 Earthquake
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Model of Tsunami inflow and outflow at Phuket, Thailand
Choowong et al., 2008
Marine Geology
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Tsunami Links
• NY times• http://whyfiles.org/2011/tsunami-the-killer-wave/• http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/world/2011/03
/11/sot.tsunami.hit.japan.cnn
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Surface of the Earth
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South American Trench
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Atlantic Ocean Basin
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CS Fig. 14.8The RockCycle
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Recent Lava Flow
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The End.
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