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1 The History of Aircraft Materials
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1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

Dec 23, 2015

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Hugo Wilkerson

pioneer slide

configurations slide

alclad slide

tomcat slide

bakelite slide

plexiglas slide

war effort slide

cast iron construction

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Page 1: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

1

The History of Aircraft Materials

Page 2: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

2

The History of Aircraft Materials

Questions to answer in this module…

– What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft?

– Why were these materials adopted?– Why did some materials replace others?– What is the future for materials in aircraft?

Page 3: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

3

1843 - Rubber

Charles Goodyear – Vulcanization

– Tires– Seals and gaskets

Page 4: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

4

1903 - First flight - Wright Brothers

Aluminum engine block

Spruce & steel wire structure

Fabric skin

Page 5: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

5

1903 - Wright Brothers

Why wood and wire structure? Why fabric skin?

Page 6: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

6

1903 – Aluminum Engine Block

Most internal combustion engines of the time were of cast iron construction

Page 7: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

7

1907 – Plastic

Leo Hendrik Baekeland – refines plastic production to create bakelite

Page 8: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

8

1915 – All Metal Airplane

Hugo Junkers

Steel tubing

Sheet iron skin

Page 9: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

9

1916 - Stressed Skin Construction

LFG Roland C.II

Page 10: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

10

Stressed-Skin Construction

Why stressed-skin?

Skeleton-like space frame

construction used for

non-stressed skin aircraft.

Page 11: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

11

1926 - Semi-Monocoque Construction

Ford Tri-motor

Page 12: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

12

Semi-Monocoque Construction

Cutaway view

semi-monocoque

construction

Page 13: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

13

1930’s – Increased Aluminum Use

Duralumin and Alclad

Page 14: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

14

1931 - Stainless Steel Construction

Budd BB-1 Pioneer

Page 15: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

15

Steel/ Stainless Steel vs. Aluminum

So why not build all aircraft out of stainless steel?

Corrosion resistance

Weight

Cost

Buckling failure

Page 16: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

16

1936 - Plastics Use Expands

Plexiglas

Page 17: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

17

1942 - Composites- Fiberglass

Cockpit components for war effort

Page 18: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

18

1940’s – 1950’s Superalloys

Before World War II iron based alloys were developed for high temperture work.

The war increased demand of performance materials for turbochargers and jets.

Page 19: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

19

1950-1963 - Titanium

The A-12 precursor to the SR-71

Page 20: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

20

1969 - Carbon Fiber Composites

Rolls-Royce RB211 jet turbofan engine

Page 21: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

21

1970 – Boron Fiber Composites

F-14 Tomcat

Page 22: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

22

1981 - Ceramics

Space Shuttle Thermal Protection Tiles

Page 23: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

23

1998 - Aluminum-Lithium

Space Shuttle external fuel tank

Page 24: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

24

2005- GLARE

“GLAss-Reinforced” Fiber Metal Laminate (FML)

Page 25: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

25

2009 – Boeing 787 Dreamliner

Large scale composite use

Page 26: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

26

Future- Intelligent Materials

Inbedded sensors and monitoring systems

Materials change properties and configurations

Page 27: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

27

Future- Nanotechnology

Ultra-strength Composites

Locally tailored materials for

specific requirements

Page 28: 1 The History of Aircraft Materials. 2 Questions to answer in this module… – What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft? –

28

Summary

What is the brief history of the materials used to construct aircraft?

Why were these materials adopted? What is the future for materials in aircraft?


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