1 “The dawn came late and breakfast had to wait When the gales of November came slashing When afternoon came it was freezing rain In the face of a hurricane.

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“The dawn came late and breakfast had to wait

When the gales of November came slashing

When afternoon came it was freezing rain

In the face of a hurricane west wind”

Gordon Lightfoot

The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald

METEOROLOGY 2008

SEVERE STORMS

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PRESENTED BY:

MARK A. VAN HECKE

EARTH-SPACE SCIENCE EVENT TRAINER

ANCHOR BAY HIGH SCHOOL

FAIR HAVEN, MICHIGAN

[email protected]

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PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES

• Define ‘Severe Weather’

• Identify representative tasks students may be asked to complete in the Science Olympiad Meteorology event.

• Identify resources to help Coaches prepare their students for competition in the Science Olympiad Meteorology event.

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SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS

• Observation

• Inference

• Data and diagram analysis

• Predictions

• Conclusions

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WHAT IS SEVERE WEATHER?Severe weather refers to any weather event that is disruptive or destructive to human life and property

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SEVERE WEATHER EVENTS

The World Meteorological Organization at its 2004 conference identified severe weather events that are common throughout the world.          

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HEAVY RAIN

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STRONG WINDS AND GUSTS

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HAIL

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LIGHTNING

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TORNADOES

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FLASH FLOODS

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EXTREME TEMPERATURES

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REGIONAL SEVERE WEATHER EVENTS

The World Meteorological Organization has also identified forms of severe weather that are localized in specific regions of the world. These include:

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SNOW STORMS

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DUST AND SAND STORMS

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SEA SWELLS/TSUNAMIS

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HURRICANES-TROPICAL STORMS

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EXTENDED AREAS OF FOG

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The 2008 Science Olympiad Meteorology competition will emphasize severe weather events that are common to the United States and North America. Participants may be asked to complete one or more of the following representative tasks:

REPRESENTATIVE TASKS

2008 SCIENCE OLYMPIAD METEOROLOGY EVENT

•Use weather station data, isobar maps, fronts, radar data, or meteograms alone or in conjunction with one another to interpret weather data.

•Demonstrate knowledge of the life cycle of different severe storms and be able to associate those conditions with radar and frontal data.

•Relate specific hazardous conditions of severe storms and interpret their significance.

•Complete storm tracking and prediction using provided weather data

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WEATHER STATION DATA

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ISOBARS

Be able to read and draw isobars to determine the formation of low pressure systems that spawn severe weather

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FRONTS

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RADAR DATA

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METEOGRAMS

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MeteogramsThis is a 25 hour time series for a particular station location. The plot is divided up into several subplots described top to bottom:* Temperature and dewpoint chart - This shows temperature as the top line and dewpoint as the bottom line. * EXTT (extreme temperature) - The maximum and minimum temperatures are plotted below the chart at specific reporting times. 12Z and 18Z are generally low temperatures and 0Z and 6Z are high temperatures.* WX (present weather data) - This shows the weather being reported at that time as a weather symbol.* SNWDP (snow depth) - This shows reported snow cover in inches.* PREC (precipitation) - This shows precipitation totals in inches. The values are 24 hour totals generally at 12Z, 6 hour totals at 0Z, 6Z and 18Z, 3 hour totals elsewhere.* VIS (visibility) - This shows the horizontal visibility in miles.* WGST (wind gusts) - This reports wind gusts in knots if the winds are strong and gusty. This is generally the maximum wind reported over a several minute period during the observation of data.* WIND (winds and cloud cover) - This is the standard wind and cloud cover symbols used in the surface data plots. Up is north.* Cloud chart - This chart gives cloud layer information. The vertical axis is height of cloud base in feet and is logarithmic. The layers are plotted as horizontal lines. Clear skies are plotted as a 'C'. Scattered cloud layers (1/8th to 3/8th coverage) are plotted as a single short dash. Broken cloud layers (4/8th to 7/8th coverage) are plotted as two short dashes. Overcast layers are plotted as a single long dash. The actual cloud ceiling is displayed below the chart in 100s of feet if the ceiling is below 10,000 feet.* Pressure chart - This chart plots sea level pressure (or altimeter setting if pressure not reported) in millibars.* Time - This is the reporting time in universal time.

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CONDITIONS OF SEVERE STORMS

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CONDITIONS OF SEVERE STORMS

Thunderstorms are often a precursor to other forms of severe weather. They develop in three stages:

•Developing

•Mature

•Dissipating

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Stages of Thunderstorm Development

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STAGE ONE: DEVELOPING

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STAGE TWO: MATURE

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TORNADO FORMATION

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STORM TRACKING AND PREDICTION

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HURRICANE TRACKING

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TROPICAL DEPRESSIONS

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TROPICAL STORMS

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HURRICANES

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OTHER RESOURCES

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ON YOUR CD

2008 Science Olympiad Meteorology Text. An expanded and updated version of the 2007 Text with Severe storm information

Weather indicators guide using wind direction and barometric pressure changes to forecast weather

NOAA Publication Hurricane Basics

Sample Science Olympiad Meteorology Events from past competitions with Severe Weather themes