1 The 2007 National Immigrant Survey (Spain) National Statistics Institute (INE) Antonio ARGÜESO director for social and demographic statistics.

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The 2007 National Immigrant Survey (Spain)

National Statistics Institute (INE)

Antonio ARGÜESOdirector for social and demographic statistics

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Index:

1. International Migration in Spain in recent years.

2. Information available on international migration and international migrants in the Spanish Statistical System until 2007.

3. The 2007 National Immigrant Survey: main characteristics.

4. Results, conclusions.

The 2007 National Immigrant Survey - Spain

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1. International Migration in Spain in recent years (I)

The 2007 National Immigrant Survey - Spain

Evolution of foreign population in Spain 1998-2007

Source: Population Register (Padron). INE

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Intense but irregular distribution….

1. International Migration in Spain in recent years (II)

The 2007 National Immigrant Survey - Spain

In 1998

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1. International Migration in Spain in recent years (III)

The 2007 National Immigrant Survey - Spain

In 2007

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Net Migration (including corrections)Eurostat

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100

200

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400

500

600

700

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Mil

lare

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Germany Spain Italy United Kingdom

1. International Migration in Spain in recent years (IV)

The 2007 National Immigrant Survey - Spain

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immigrant flows by country of origin

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20.000

40.000

60.000

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1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Years

Germany

United Kingdom

Colombia

Morocco

Ecuador

Romania

1. International Migration in Spain in recent years (V)

The 2007 National Immigrant Survey - Spain

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° The Population Register (“Padrón”).

All foreigners entering Spain register themselves to get access to health, education,…(without any risk)

° Surveys (non-oriented to migration) (Labour force among many others)

° Other registers: Residence Permits (“legal”

foreigners), Public Health system cards,…

2. information available in the statistical system before 2007 (I)

There is a need for information on the migration process itself and on migrants under a more general/sociological approach…

The 2007 National Immigrant Survey - Spain

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Strategy

° From simple to complex information (beyond “citizenship” as key variable, linking demographic, social and economic characteristics, from current variables to biographic and longitudinal studies).

The 2007 National Immigrant Survey - Spain

° From person to household (basic information on household, dwelling, neighbourhood).

° From individual to network:- Family ties: brothers and sisters, parents, children,… social participation, contacts with country of birth

3. National Immigrant Survey: main characteristics (I)

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The questionnaire at a Glance

o Basic information on all members of the household, household composition

o Module 1. Socio-demographic information: place of birth, mother tongue, education, marital status, children living with parents or not, their education, brothers and sisters,parents. Information on the dwelling (tenancy, price,…) (65 questions)

o Module 2. Previous Migratory Experience. Where? When? Why? How? With whom? (5 questions each)

o Module 3. Living conditions before coming to Spain (11 Q)

o Module 4. Arrival in Spain. Where? When? How? Why?... (9 Q)

o Module 5. Employment History in Spain (25 Q)

o Module 6. Residential history in Spain (18 Q)

o Module 7. Relationship with country of birth (15 Q)

o Module 8. Social participation (7 Q)

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Target population

° Immigrants: born abroad, aged 16 and over, long term resident (living in Spain for at least one year or willing to do so), living in private households (institutions excluded)

- Except foreign born with spanish nationality from birth and moving to Spain before two-year-old.

The 2007 National Immigrant Survey - Spain

3. National Immigrant Survey: main characteristics (III)

Sample

° Framework: non collective dwellings from Population Register

° Three-stage selection: Census sections (2,270), dwellings and persons (1 per dwelling).

° Initial Sample: 17,700 units, Effective: 15,500 people (87%)

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The pilot surveys

The 2007 National Immigrant Survey - Spain

3. National Immigrant Survey: main characteristics (IV)

Second try: april 2006

Three-stage sampling: section – dwelling - individuals

Two independent populations: with (A) / without (B) immigrants (the survey showed only 3% errors in classifying from B to A)

Significant Improvement: 72 % effective sample

The first approach: oct 2005

500 immigrants in 50 censal sections. Two-stage sampling: selected persons taken from population register

Only 23% of visits produced an actual interview

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° CAPI (Computer assisted Interview): Tablet-PC with electronic questionnaire (Spanish and 5 foreign languages).

- Call centre in English, French and Arabic language

° Same problems or refusals than in other INE’s household surveys.

The 2007 National Immigrant Survey - Spain

3. National Immigrant Survey: main characteristics (V)

Average duration of interview: 45 minutes

Interviews, selected nationalitiesn % of total

Germany 628 4.1

United Kingdom 765 4.9

Portugal 509 3.3

Romania 1335 8.6

Ecuador 1308 8.5

Morocco 1850 12.0

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Brief project’s history

- Preliminary ideas and first contacts (December 2003-July 2004)

- Working Group and Draft Project (January-July 2005)

- First Pilot test (October-December 2005)

- Second Pilot test (April-May 2006)

- Fieldwork (October 2006-March 2007)

- Editing and consistence procedures (May 2007-February 2008)

- Results: provisional (may 2008), final report (march 2009)

The 2007 National Immigrant Survey - Spain

3. National Immigrant Survey: main characteristics

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4. Main results: a flash

79,6 % had “contact people” (relatives / friends) in Spain before coming

Why coming? …due to the climate (63% of britons)

…for family reasons (regrouping): 42 % for germans

…looking for a better job (63% romanians, 61% bolivians)

…the quality of life (49% colombians, 43% argentinians)

Many of them had a high educational level (20% terc, 53% second.)

56 % of them were working in their countries

39 % of them send money home every month (2% of germans, 68% of ecuadorians, 21% argentinians)

80% of them are planning to stay at least for the next five years(70% ecuadorians, 59 % bolivians)

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some conclusions

- An expensive survey, made in a better economic situation (2005-2007) than today

- So, not to repeat every year but …

- A different survey, that provides a huge amount of information for researchers. Very positive reaction.