1-Technical-Tatical-Analysis-Assignment-2-3000-Word.docx

Technical & Tactical Analysis of Judo

Module Code:EK330023S

Faculty of Science and TechnologyBsc Honors Year

By Zane Lightfoot

19 The BeechesKillinchyCo DownBT23 6WANorthern Ireland

Copy write 2011-06-3

Abstract

This paper will provide a technical and tactical analysis of a female player selected from the recent European Judo Championships held in Istanbul 21-24 April 2011. Video footage of the player was obtained at the championships this footage will be used along side previous footage from www.inside.com and www.judovision.com in order to build up a technical and tatical profile of the player.

The player going to be assessed in this paper is Edith Bosch from the Nederlands who is a -70kg fighter; her current world ranking is number 3 and is the current European Judo Champion see (Appendix 1) for the full draw and subsequent rounds as they unfolded.

We viewed her strategy for the recent European championships against current research and found the story inside her fights to be different to the norms of said research.

Acknowledgements

A big thank you to my friend Harry Mills who when hearing I was having trouble getting to use the library at Queens under the sconul scheme offered the use of his holiday cottage in Miaisle beside the sea. It has been a blessing and allowed me to work uninterrupted in peace much like at a library but with a fully fitted kitchen to be able to make cups of coffee . . . May your family be blessed four times as much as I have because of it.

My God has helped me through His Spirit to understand and lead me to the literature on how to answer this question, and also taught me things about tatics, strategy and technique I did not consider before. For helping me to find a way to express in words what fills my mind and complete this work.

To my sensei Bill Morrison (RIP) who taught me many things that he learnt while travelling and staying in Japan as part of the occupying forces after the end of World War II. He was fortunate to be on the mat with Kyuzo Mifune at a festival one year and experience him in action demonstrating his favourite waza, these were valuable lessons to receive and all the early morning starts proved to be an asset to my judo.

CONTENTS

Pg 5 IntroductionPg 6 Table1Pg 7 Comparative timelinePg 8 MethodPg 9 Happo no KuzushiPg 11 Current researchPg 13-18 Gripping StrategyPg 19-20 Segments of Play, Attackrate, Effectiveness.Pg 22-23 ConclusionPg 24-25 References

Introduction

This paper will provide a technical and tactical analysis of a female player selected from the recent European Judo Championships held in Istanbul 21-24 April 2011. Video footage of the player was obtained at the championships this footage will be used along side previous footage from www.inside.com and www.judovision.com in order to build up a technical and tatical profile of the player. Both qualitive and quantitative methods will be used to display and interpret the data collected to propound intervention strategies to rectify technical, tactical and skill transgressions, these recommendations will be made to the coach of the player in this report and also opposition coaches.

The player going to be assessed in this paper is Edith Bosch from the Nederlands who is a -70kg fighter; her current world ranking is number 3 and is the current European Judo Champion see (Appendix 1) for the full draw and subsequent rounds as they unfolded.

She has a proven track record in international competitions; she has been a veteran of three Olympic campaigns, 4 senior world championships, 7 European championships, 2 world university championships and 2 under twenty world championships. (see figure 1)

Judoinside.com is a website providing information on a fighter videos, photos, results and their history, Table 1 below shows the summary of most of Ediths results.

Table 1

Medals tableEvent:123

Olympic medals:011

World Championships medals:101

Continental medals:312

World Cup/Grand Prix/Grand Slam:131117

Continental medals U23:000

Continental medals U20:301

Continental medals U17:000

World medals U20:101

National Ch. medals:821

National Ch. medals U23:000

National Ch. medals U20:400

National Ch. medals U17:110

Copyright JudoInside.com 2002 - 2011. Terms of Use

In a comparative graph see figure 1 we see another dimension to her competitive career and more easily note the vein of form which spikes every 4-6 years and has resulted in a world title following the European title won with in or in that year.

Figure 1;

Of special note; in the years Edith has won the European Championships whether under 20 or Senior she has gone on to produce a big result in World or Olympic Championships Typically 4-6 years apart.

This topic has become a focus of many Nations in their bid to secure hardware at the highest level.Political power vision behind the scenes for how the sport should look or be played could play a major part in some rule changes being implemented as countries seek to find away to win.

In the context of judo related technical and tactical analysis experienced players and coaches would have opinions on the subject or situation presented to improve performance (Ishikawa and Draeger 1961), the only accurate means of verification of conjecture or hypothesis is by way of statistical analysis. (Gutirrez 2009; Sterkowicz & Maslej 1998)

Another author agrees with this idea for the need of analysis and Sacripanti (2010) proposed Match Analysis could be seen as the master key in all situation sports. In relation to tactical gripping with in a fight, another paper covered research on first contact and or grip domination leads to winning Judo Competitions. (Weers. 1997. [online]; Lightfoot, (2009) agreed with this and another paper by Taniguchi (2010) about match development and outcome in judo found that the dominant fighter won more matches 80% for women and 75% for men across three competitions analyzed.

Method

To present data of scientific value a model of construct needs to be adopted of those available this report will draw on various ones to suggest certain points because no one model really can cover what is inside a judo match where two people are engaged in a tussle not just a physical one but a mental one (Mifune, 1960)(Murata, 2005). In agreement with this thought related to spiritual health of athlete Lascua (2008) stated it is the one who breaks first speaking of mentally thinking I cant do this.

One author describes a model for match analysis in this way; First level analysis: Physiological data for conditioning, Second level: Technical biomechanical improvements (focussing on action invariants and competition invariants), Third level analysis: Local and whole fight strategies, Fourth level analysis: adversary scouting, Fifth level analysis: New way of training the next generation virtual training. (Sacripanti, 2010).

Another example the Kodokan model of happo no kuzushi, emphasising three stages kuzushi, Tsukuri, Kake. In eight directions see figure 2 (Kano, 1986; Mifune, 1960)

Figure 2; Happo no Kuzushi model (eight direction breaking - down) Maushiro (due back)

Migiatosumi Hidariatosumi (Right rear corner) (Left rear corner)

Yokomigi Hidariyoko (Right side) ( Left Side)

Migimaesumi Hidarimaesumi (Right Front Corner) (Left Front Corner)

Manmae (Due Front)Adapted from Mifune 1960

Technical being broken down into Nage (throwing) , Katame (locking, holding, closing), Kime (control or gripping) waza (techniques); Nage waza is broken down into; Te (hand), Koshi (hip), Ashi (leg), Mae Sutemi (front sacrifice), Yoko Sutemi (side sacrifice). Katame waza is broken into Osaekomi (holding), Shime (Strangle or Choke), Kansetsu (locking). Kime waza broken into Tsurite and Hikite. (Kano, 1986).

Traditionally the grips of Tsurite and Hikite would have been Lapel and Sleeve grips but the advent of diverse gripping strategy by judoka they could simply be viewed as the way an opponent is controlled during the match and the fulcrum through which power is transferred to move an opponent to execute said technique. (Sacripanti, 2010).

In another sporting field but associated with analysis of play time-motion analysis, using observational methodology and a timing device to assess the physical and physiological demands of the sport looking at application, coaching practice for soccer. (BLOOMFIELD, J, et all, 2005).

This type of analysis provides the scientific data to back up the reason for physical training work loadings during the micro cycles of a program, like wise in soccers case the length of sprint training, side stepping, diagonal runs. Can be introduced to allow players to experience and condition their bodies to the constraints of the temporal situation of a match.

To discern what was happening in the matches that made Boschs strategy so effective the matches were subjected to an observational methodology reviewing the footage retrieved from the consortium of nations pooling video footage on the major championships, considering each section of play tagging each one, scores, Techniques used - Nage waza (throwing techniques) or Ne waza (ground techniques).Noting in a second round of viewing the gripping strategy and adaptations as situations developed like stance, lead grip, main grip etc.A third round of viewing provided an attack rate which although similar to the study of Wickes (2009) on did attack rate effect outcome of matches and Sikorski et al. (1987) study on fight structure.

Two studies were read comparing that data to the data bosch fights generated, listed below are the results which relate to the structure of fights analysed in Wickes (2009) and Sikorski et al 1987. 1987 2008Average Fight Duration 00:03:56 00:03:52Average segment of action 11 to 20 seconds* 00:17.35* Sikorski et al. (1987) provide a range rather than an average.

Another paper by Sterkowicz i Maslej (1998) created a construct for discerning the effectiveness of TACHI-WAZA techniques. Their analysis is based on the video material of 92 seniors matches recorded at the 40th Polish Senior National Championship in Krakow in 1996 and the Ladder Tournament held in Bytom in 1996.

The parameters of their construct for drawing statistic were for an effective technique to be deemed so; as a result of TORI's (attacker) action, UKE (defender) touched the mat with any part of his body than the feet, or, if he successfully blocked the attack by appropriate weight shift. The results below (Figure 3) were used to assess what strategy Bosch had brought to the championship and did it match current trends.

Figure. 3

Effectiveness of TACHI-WAZA techniques

The data, it can be argued, does not accurately represent the effectiveness ofAttacks as the model for interpretation is subjective and doesnt fully consider the range of techniques people use.

For example, Uchi Mata attacks were observed to be effective (although non-scoring) from a Judo perspective, in that the opponents balance was broken demonstrating good kuzushi (Kano, 1994; Almansba et al., 2007; Sugai, 1992).

but were notated as ineffective in Sterkowicz i Maslej (1998) study as the opponent remained standing, despite being very close to being scored against.

The effectiveness of Boschs judo techniques at the European judo championships would fall even outside that of the survey carried out by Sterkowicz and Maslej (1998) which concluded that the effectiveness of attacks for tewaza 12%, ashi waza 12%, Koshi waza 2% and yoko sutemi waza 35% these were the categories of techniques used by Bosch during the Championships.

Implications

Political power vision behind the scenes for how the sport should look or be played could play a major part in some rule changes being implemented as countries seek to find away to win.With the IJF referees commission being a very powerful organisation within world judo, which is responsible for updating rules, and strives to eliminate negative styles of Judo. (International Judo Federation Rules, 2008)

19 years have past since the incident highlighted below, rule changes have shaped the structure of a fight and research demonstrates this to be true to this goal can discriminate against certain Countries who have a strong combat history in jacket wrestling not called judo but an amateur viewer would not be able to tell the difference.

Klinger (2011) stated in a lecture on technical and tactical analysis at times the outcome of adopted strategies for individual fighters has influenced the results of major championships, leading to extensive global rule changes within the sport. He was speaking of a reverse situation prior to the 1992 Olympics observing in Japan where Toshihiko Koga then double world champion was in training doing a strange throwing style, only for implementation of new rule changes for the new throw to count and influenced the outcome of that division He took the gold medal - no one new what he was doing.

Gripping Strategy of Bosch

Gripping strategy of Bosch is a complex one could be viewed for this championship to be an attack minded approach. She has a range of grips depending on situation. And will continue to change her hand position to gain a grip to throw from.

Left handed

In this photo show good use of the strategy to get a grip ratio of two to one in your favour (Lascua, 2011). In this photo fighting just of the mid lapel this changed from situation to situation during the championships (if she could not score or attack from here she found a way to force matte or changed grip to stalemate the situation).

Lead Grip

This lead to one of two unforced errors where evasive action was needed to eliminate a score, in the first match Edith was standing in this stance when after the 2 minutes the French of play the French girl switched from a right handed fighter to taking the nearest lapel and attacking left osotogari, knocking her back of balance and followed up with a kosoto on the same side knocking her airborne, she turn on to her stomach as she landed. (Weers, 1997)

High Collar or over the top grip

All her techniques could work from here - but during championships there seemed to be a trend to attack from grips not traditional (over half) which meant she could attack more often, obviously creating a picture for the referee she was the dominant fighter. (Taniguchi, 2010) Resulting in penalties for her first three opponents giving her a yuko score in each match (winning by not actually scoring points by Katame or nage waza techniques as a primary source).

Blocking grips while taking her own

Her long reach can be effect tool for this as she is able to get hands on sooner while keeping her opponents off.

Cross grip

Over 50% of her throws and attacks were done from a cross grip or single one sided grip, often off the hajime or no grip situation.

Main Stance

Left foot always forward, left hand general first to lapel grip, although when blocked the right hand then assists to present the lapel easier to catch.

Newaza

This technique was imployed often to use up valuable time, the right hand is fed under the body, an attempt is then made to feed belt from otherside, although it never reaches the other hand, then she brings the hand up to the belt and sits leaning tugging at opponent, making it appear shes trying to roll uki over. Each time 10-20 seconds she is given for this when she is up a yuko from two shidos.

Stance against Right Handers

Initially often she would take against right handers, a right sided lapel grip or armpit, and stand less one sided, once had other lapel would then work down to the sleeve grip with right hand and attack. This strategy would be favoured by Kosei Inoue and found demonstrated in his DVD The Judoka.

In considering the attack rate Bosch used during the European championships it could be could conceived her coach had read the data from Sikorski et al. (1987, p. 62 and thought ok rather than score twice we are going to do two significant attacks per fight instead and maybe it is possible too that he drew on the research of Sterkowicz and Maslej (1998) which concluded the structures of a fight at major championships showed the periods of work to be 11-20 seconds Bosch attack rate was on average less than 10 seconds.

Other coaches need to be collecting data and further information to see trends and evolutions inside the international Judo early enough and have the possibility to react with own structural and training development.

Like for the coach of Boschs opposition if they analysis and realise that what she has done inside the match, they may make an adaption to the drilling of gripping exchanges and first attack.

To increase the lead time into grip although this may have been used in the past to good effect like in the previous two years these fighters seem to always edge a better result than Bosch.

But with the introduction of executing attacking moves although not deemed effective under the criteria given by Sterkowicz and Maslej (1998) but inside the mean time of 11-20 seconds, namely between 4-15 seconds it meant she for a % of the time was attacking first and her opponents picking up penalties except her last match.

Fight Segments during Edith Boschs European Campaign

KeyO =OpponentB = BothE= Edith

Figure 4;The fights viewed side by side show when her opponent attacked only or Edith attacked only or when they both attacked, Rnd 2 ITA with ten segments of unanswered attacks demonstrates another level of work rate than shown in Sikorski et al. (1987) study.

We can see the graph below (figure 5) all four fights overlaid that the attack rate of Bosch was incredible in comparison to her opponents, with the hand noted time variation of 4-15 sec from hajime to first attack. The average being inside 10 seconds looks like a special conditioning program has aided this type of intensity to the attack rate.

Compilation of all four matches

KeyO = OpponentE= EdithB = Both

Figure 5;Attack rate of Edith Bosch from the European Judo Championships from all four fights it interesting to observe the periods of maximal work to those when she was sub maximal, there is a definite cluster around certain periods of the fights.

In Wickes (2009) study of the Attack rate at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Judo Tournament he sites

Sikorski et al. (1987, p. 62) stating that the medalists in their study scored onaverage twice per fight and gained the equivalent of a Yuko or Wazari score

In contrast Bosch only scored once in the final, the rest of the matches won on penalties incurred by the opposition, it could be viewed this was the strategy and to watch the body language of the Hungarian fighter walking back to her line with a double open hand gesture of what do I do to her coach every time a matte was called during the last two minutes of their bout?

Wickes (2009) suggests in his research when comparing the similarities between the (1987) of research of Sikorski et al and 2008 data that the structure of Judo has not changed considerably over the two decades between events, despite the changes in weight categories and rules (International Judo Federation, 2009;International Judo Federation - Weights, n.d.; International Judo Federation Rules, 2008; Villamon, D. Brown, Espartero, & Gutierrez, 2004).

The structures of the matches in figure 4 Bosch was involved with were different, the tempo was high and segments shorter.

Will Power Focussed - Destiny

As describe by Mifune (1960) where he states a judo man must not be filled with any unrighteousness and his character is not compatible with injustice. And he must continually be in pursuit of truth. Through doing this he will find himself in the moment of time and case to execute trick or feat in time or instance. He also states true judo depends upon heavens will. The truth remains We may throw the dice, but the Lord determines how they fall. (Prov 16v33)

Athletes focussed and concentrated on the task at hand are walking in the truth of Justice and Righteouness

Dr Will Hopkins states For many sports the difference separating the medal winners averages out to less than the variable between individual performances (typically 1-2%). So if you are up there close to the top of the field, it is inevitable that you are going to win sometimes. But you cant win if you dont compete. (Hawley and Burke 1998)

In conclusion we could view technical and tactical analysis in judo as part of a bigger picture, and really it provides a frame work to condition athletes to have the correct response to their opponents actions.

All athletes say theyre there to win but if they were honest there would have been something about the day, preparation which meant it was not their destiny to win.

Out of each two fighters only one will win, by the end of the set number of matches only one wins, often it can be said no one was going to beat him or her today.

Each of us are Gods children so subject to his law this is across all activities, he gives to all equally yet gives us free will to chose what to do with our gifts. Athletic or manual labour or spiritual He will use all at his disposal to up hold us if we need or by teaching us lessons through our defeats.

It is not luck that defines the out come of a judo match it is not by chance that some thing happens, the times are in Gods hands. (Mifune, 1960)

Mark8:36What good is it for someone to gain the whole world, yet forfeit their soul. Not everyone has what it takes hold the mantle of World or Olympic Champion so they are kept from it so they are not lost because of it.

In the years Bosch won world titles See figure 1 it would be a fair statement to say it was her turn and she found that spark of enthusiasm that drove her across the line. In the years with out it something happened to throw her off like a little injury interfering with preparation or the conditioning program was not right.

References

Alfonso Gutirrez , Ivn Prieto and Jos M. Cancela, Most frequent errors in judo Uki Goshi technique and the existing relations among them analysed through T-patterns Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2009) 8(CSSI 3), 36-46http://www.jssm.org [online] available at; httpwww.jssm.orgcombat38v8combat3-8.pdf [accessed 21 May 2011].

BLOOMFIELD, J,. Gudberg K. JONSSON, RemcoPOLMAN, Kenneth HOULAHAN, Peter ODONOGHUE, 2005 [online] available at; http://www.vepsy.com/communication/book6/VI_16_Bloomfield_Jonsson.pdf [accessed 23 May 2011].

Gentile, A.M. (1972) A working model of skill acquisition withapplication to teaching. Quest 17, 3-23.

Hawley, J. and Burke, Louise, 1998. Peak Performance. St Lenards NSW : Allen & Unwin

Ishikawa, T., & Draeger, D., 1961. Judo Training Methods., Tokyo: Tuttle Co Inc

Kano, J., 1986. Kodokan Judo., Tokyo: Kodansha International. Pp 42-44.

Klinger, J,. 2011. technical and tactical analysis Lecture Pers comms, Istanbul, . . .

Lascua,. D. 2008. To improve the success. [CD Rom]. Bath Universty: European Judo Coach Education archives Easter Block Keynote lecture.

Lightfoot, Z., 2009. Which judo system should BJA adopt?, Bath University. Availablefrom: http://www.lightfootjudoschool.com/JudoBJFsystem.pdf [accessed 31 May 2011].

Mifune, K., 1960. Canon of Judo Principle and Technique. Tokyo: Seibundo-Shinkosha Publishing Co Ltd

Murata, Y., 2005., Mind over Muscle writings from the founder of judo Jigoro Kano. London: Kodansha International

Sacripanti, A,. 2010, Advances in Judo Biomechanics Research. Saarbrucken: VDM. pp243

Scripture quotations are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, Copyright 1996.Used by permission of Tynedale House Publishers, Inc., Wheaton, Illinois 60189.All rights reserved.

Sterkowicz, S. and Maslej P. 1998. An evaluation of modern tendencies in solving judo match, http://www.rain.org/~ssa/research6.htm (in English)

Taniguchi, K., Iteya, M and Sato, S., 2010. About Match Development and Outcome in Judo. In the International Judo Symposium Medical and Scientific Aspect program. Medical Scientific Committee of All Japan Judo Federation.

Weers, G. 1997, First Contact and Grip Domination in Judo Competition, [online] available at; http://judoinfo.com/weers2.htm

Weers, G. 1997, Introducing Novice Players to the Sport of Judo in USJA Coach Certification Level I Coaching Manual. USJA Coaching Education and Certification Program. [online] Available at; http://www.bing.com/search?FORM=WLETDF&PC=WLEM&q=A+rule+which+tells+of+an+unsuccessful+throwing+action+in+judo+-+landing+on+stomach&src=IE-SearchBoxAccessed on 2.6.2011.

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