Hmmm... Hmmm... How about those classifying How about those classifying activities we did? activities we did? – Was it easy to make up the Was it easy to make up the classification scheme? classification scheme? – Was it easy to follow other people's Was it easy to follow other people's instructions? instructions? – Should it be easy for anyone to Should it be easy for anyone to follow? follow? – What types of questions make it What types of questions make it easier to classify? easier to classify?
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Hmmm...Hmmm...
How about those classifying activities we How about those classifying activities we did?did?– Was it easy to make up the classification Was it easy to make up the classification
scheme?scheme?– Was it easy to follow other people's Was it easy to follow other people's
instructions?instructions?– Should it be easy for anyone to follow?Should it be easy for anyone to follow?– What types of questions make it easier to What types of questions make it easier to
classify?classify?
Biodiversity• Scientists have identified 1.75 million different species of organisms so far
• The number, variety, and genetic variation of different organisms found within a specified geographic region
QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER:
Why so many organisms?
Why should we care?
What purpose do they really serve?
Does our existence really depend on them?
How did we get so much Diversity??
EVOLUTION
TaxonomyTaxonomy
What is What is taxonomytaxonomy??
TaxonomyTaxonomy is the branch of is the branch of biology concerned with the biology concerned with the grouping and naming of grouping and naming of organismsorganisms
Biologists who study this Biologists who study this are called are called taxonomiststaxonomists
How did it start?How did it start?
People wanted to People wanted to organizeorganize their world so they began their world so they began groupinggrouping, or , or classifyingclassifying everything they saw.everything they saw.
Things that swimThings that swimThings that flyThings that flyThings that crawlThings that crawlThings that walk on four legsThings that walk on four legsThings that chew their foodThings that chew their foodThings that swallow food Things that swallow food wholewholeThings that are toxicThings that are toxic
Why Why classifyclassify??
To help us study the earthTo help us study the earth
To help us organize all the To help us organize all the species we discover . . . species we discover . . .
To give every species a To give every species a name based on a name based on a standard standard methodmethod so scientists from so scientists from different countries can talk different countries can talk about the same animal about the same animal without confusionwithout confusion
An animal is known by An animal is known by twotwo names… names…
Canis lupusCanis lupus is the scientific is the scientific name for a gray wolf. name for a gray wolf.
CanisCanis is the is the genusgenus name name
lupuslupus is the is the speciesspecies name name
This system uses a This system uses a binomial nomenclaturebinomial nomenclature
Binomial Binomial NomenclatureNomenclature
BiBi means means twotwo
NomenNomen means means namename
A A binomial nomenclature binomial nomenclature is is a classification system a classification system using using two namestwo names to to identify an organismidentify an organism
GenusGenus……
A A genusgenus consists of a consists of a group of closely related group of closely related speciesspeciesOther animals in the Other animals in the Canis Canis group include dogs and group include dogs and coyotescoyotesThe The genusgenus name is always name is always CapitalizedCapitalized
Species...Species...
A A species species consists of consists of animals that can mate and animals that can mate and produce produce fertile offspringfertile offspringOnly grey wolves are Only grey wolves are known as known as lupuslupus..The The speciesspecies name is name is always always lowercaselowercase
What do you get when you cross a Horse and a Donkey?
A mule, which is sterile!
+ =
Who is Carolus Who is Carolus Linnaeus?Linnaeus?
Carolus Carolus LinnaeusLinnaeus was a was a Swedish botanistSwedish botanist
Developed a 7-level (Developed a 7-level (taxataxa) ) classification systemclassification system based based on similarities between on similarities between organismsorganisms
There are There are 66 broad kingdoms broad kingdomsEveryEvery living thing that we living thing that we know of fits into one of the know of fits into one of the six kingdomssix kingdomsEach level gets more Each level gets more specific as fewer organisms specific as fewer organisms fit into any one groupfit into any one group
When referring to a particular species, it is correct to give both genus and species together. As an example, here is the taxonomic classification for the grey wolf:
When referring to a particular species, it is correct to give both genus and species together. As an example, here is the taxonomic classification for the grey wolf: