1 Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, Tuesday, January 23, 2007.

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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, Tuesday, January 23, 2007

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Today’s Schedule

Review Models from Thursday Start Chapter 3 In team, Draw Context Diagram Thursday, Quiz #1 on Chapters 1 & 2

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From Thursday … Architects & Automotive Designers use Models

What are some of these models? How do they create different aspects of the

house or car they are designing? Why are several models needed?

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Today’s Learning Objectives

Explain the elements of project management and the responsibilities of a project manager

Explain project initiation and the activities in the project planning phase of the SDLC

Describe how the scope of the new system is determined

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Overview

Fundamental principles of project management– Project success factors– Role of project manager– Project management knowledge areas

How information system projects initiated– Part of overall strategic plan– Respond to immediate business need

The project planning phase of SDLC Project planning examples for RMO

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Significance of Project Management

2000 Standish Group Study– Only 28% of system development projects

successful

– 72% of projects canceled, completed late, completed over budget, and/or limited in functionality

Project requires careful planning, control, and execution

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Improved Project Performance

The Standish Group’s CHAOS studies show improvements in IT projects in the past decade.*

Measure 1994 Data 2002 Data Result Successful projects 16% 34% Doubled Failed projects 31% 15% Halved Money wasted on challenged and failed projects

$140 B out of $250 B

$55 B out of $255 B

More than halved

*The Standish Group, “Latest Standish Group CHAOS Report Shows Project Success Rates Have Improved by 50%” (March 25, 2003).

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Why the Improvements?

“The reasons for the increase in successful projects vary. First, the average cost of a project has been more than cut in half. Better tools have been created to monitor and control progress and better skilled project managers with better management processes are being used. The fact that there are processes is significant in itself.”*

*The Standish Group, “CHAOS 2001: A Recipe for Success” (2001).

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Reasons for Project Failure

Incomplete or changing requirements

Limited user involvement

Lack of executive support

Lack of technical support

Poor project planning

Unclear objectives

Lack of required resources

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Reasons for Project Success

Clear system requirement definitions

Substantial user involvement

Support from upper management

Thorough and detailed project plans

Realistic work schedules and milestones

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Role of the Project Manager

Project management – organizing and directing people to achieve a planned result within budget and on schedule

Throughout Project life span– Beginning of project – plan and organize

– During project – monitor and control

Responsibilities are both internal and external

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Various Titles/Roles of Project Managers (Figure 3-1)

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Project Management Tasks

Beginning of project– Overall project planning

During project– Project execution management– Project control management– Project closeout

Project management approach differs for– Predictive SDLC– Adaptive SDLC

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Project Management Tasks for a Predictive Project

(Figure 3-3)

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Project Management Tasks for an Adaptive Project

(Figure 3-4)

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Project Management Framework

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Project Initiation and the Project Planning Phase Driving forces to start project

– Respond to opportunity– Resolve problem– Conform to directive

Project initiation comes from– Long-term IS strategic plan (top-down) prioritized by weighted

scoring– Department managers or process managers (bottom-up)– Response to outside forces (HIPAA)

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RMO Project Charter

(Figure 3-5)

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Activities of the Project Planning Phase

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Activities of the Project Planning Phase and Their Key Questions

(Figure 3-7)

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Defining the Problem

Review business needs– Use strategic plan documents – Consult key users – Develop list of expected business benefits

Identify expected system capabilities– Define scope in terms of requirements

Create system scope document Build proof of concept prototype Create context diagram

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In Teams, Draw Context Diagram for Your Info System

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For Thursday, January 25

Quiz #1 on Thursday, Jan 25. Covers Chapters 1 & 2

Finish Reading Chapter 3 Project Management