1 Sustainable Management of Scarce Resources in the Coastal Zone Wp 09 : Regional case study: TUNISIA SMART
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Sustainable Management of Scarce Resources in the Coastal Zone
Wp 09: Regional case study: TUNISIA
SMART
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Geographic and climatic characteristicsThe tunisian coastline spans 1300 km
75% of the territory suffers from the aridity
The northwestern part of the country gets between 500 and 1500 mm of precipitation per year
The dry season is too long In the south, precipitations don’t exceed
150mm (per year) Except for the north, all the regions suffer
from the drought
No big rivers exist except the Medjerda’s
The southern part of the country is a part of the Sahara
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More than 500 mm400 mm to 500 mm300 mm to 400 mm200 mm to 300 mm100 mm to 200 mmLess than 100 mm
Rainfall map
Legend
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1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2004
2009
2014
8.154 9.563
10.814(Millions)
Population’s growth
Socioeconomic characteristics
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1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
59.659.8
60.5
60.861.0
61.361.6
61.962.262.4
62.6
63.4
(%)
Urban population’s evolution
Socioeconomic data
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1990
1996
2010ir
rig
ati
on
Dri
nkab
le w
ate
r
ind
ustr
y
tota
l
1,575
24292540
260365635 85
85125
1,92
28793300
Water consumption
(Millions m3)
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Socioeconomic frame
Demographic growth
Rise in the standard of living
Urban extension
Increase in the irrigation practice
Industry and tourism development
Water resources pressureWater resources pressure
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Politic frame
1- Water resources planification
Guideline plan for the water use in The northThe centerThe south
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Politic frame
2- Water resources uses
hydraulic infrastructure:
damshill damslakesunderground water surface wells
use rate
Surface water 76%
underground water 95%
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54/70 70/80 80/93 83/972005
8% 10%
62%
81%
91%
Water use development
Potential water resources: 4470 millions m3
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Politic frame
2- Water resources uses
Unconventional water use
artificial refill of underground water
treated water
brackish water
3- Water resource management
Wise management of available water
Controlling the needs
Pollution prevention
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Problems
Dam silting up
Hydrogeological system fragility
Mediterranean climatic inter annual variability
Poor water quality (salinity higher than normal)
Overexploitation and water waste
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New water resources use has however become more difficult. (The saturation of the use of such a resource is expected to happen in 2015).As a consequence, Tunisia will face a major challenge: the rational exploitation of an increasingly scarce and expensive natural resource.This challenge is linked to other constraints and problems such as food security, unemployment and regional imbalance.
The tunisian case study in the SMART project fits perfectly the sustainable tunisian policies regarding development.
Strategic trends of the tunisian policy
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Problem of water use in the coastal zone
1-Rapid land use change and conflictual land exploitation:
Agriculture Industry Tourism Urbanization
2. Demographic pressure
population growth migration
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3- Unbalance of ecological and physical coastal systems
Overexploitation of underground water and salt water intrusion in the immediate coastal zone Reduction of the refillment area of the underground resource (urban extension)Coastal sedimentary dynamic disturbance
4- pollution
Industrial water waste management Urban water waste management Solid waste management
Problem of water use in the coastal zone
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Investigation areas
Tabarka
Gulf of Hammamet
Gulf of Gabes
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Tabarka
aTabarka Major problems:
Impact of big hydraulic structures on yhe coast and on the coastal water areas
Water waste in the irrigation process
Worsening of underground water quality (overuse of pesticides in agriculture)
Tourism development
Urban planification
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Hammamet
aHammamet
Major problems:
Competition between agriculture and tourism as far as water use is concerned
Overexploitation of underground water and sea water intrusion
Extraordinary urban expansion
Coastal disturbance of the coastal dynamics as a consequence of touristic developments
Waste management
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GabesaGabes
Major problems:
Competition between agriculture and tourism as far as water use is concerned
Overexploitation of underground water and sea water intrusion
Industrial pollution
Waste management
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