1. SULPHURIC ACID AND AMMONIA

8/7/2019 1. SULPHURIC ACID AND AMMONIA

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Manufacture

substances in industry

Chapter 9

©Copyright ammycynthiaachan




Sulhuricacid

uses

Environmentalpollution by

sulphurdioxide

Manufacture

( ContactProcess)



uses

uses

Manuf acture

of detergents

Manuf acture of artif icial

f ibers

Leather

tanning

Manuf acture

of paint

Production of fertilizer

As electrolyte

in car

batteries




Contact Process


Stage 1Preparation

andpurif ication of sulfur dioxide

S (l) + O2(g) SO2(g)

Stage 2 Catalytic oxidation 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) 2 SO3(g)

Stage 3

Conversion of sulfur trioxide

to sulfuricacid

H2SO4(l) + SO3 H2S2O7(l)

H2S2O7(l) + H2O(l) 2 H2SO4(l)



Molten sulphur ² burnt in dry air to produceSO2 ² SO2 purified and cooled.

-The gas mixture of sulphur dioxide, SO,

and oxygen is passed over vanadium(V) oxide,VO, (catalyst) at a temperature of 450-500C and under the pressure at 1

atmosphere.

-Sulphuric trioxide, SO, gas is dissolved inconcentrated sulphuric acid, HSO, to formoleum, HSO. Water is then added to the

oleum, HSO, to dilute it to produce

sulphuric acid, HSO

.

Contact Process




Acid rains

W ater pollution

Soil

pollution

SO2

release from

factory and vehicles SO2 react with O2




Describe these Pictures




Made of what?Made of what?




These Pictures?These Pictures?




AmmoniaAmmonia





ammonia



-NITRIC ACID

-HOUSEHOLD

CLEANERS

-PLASTICS

- FERTILIZERS

- EXPLOSIVES



Uses of ammonia

Nitrogenous fertilizers

ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate and urea

Cooling agentin refrigerator

Raw material to

produce nitric acid in

Oswald process

Manufacture of

explosive such as

trinitrotoluene (T NT)

As an alkali to prevent

the coagulation of latex

To produce

electrolytes in dry cells.

Manufacture of dyes




Properties of Ammonia

Properties of ammonia,

NH3

Pungentsmell




Haber processHaber process

Nitrogen gas, N2 f rom the

f ractional distillation of air

Hydrogen gas, H2 f rom a

natural gas, methane, CH4

In ratio of 1:3

Catalyst Chamber

Temperature : 450-500 celciusPressure : 200-500 atmosphere

Catalyst : Iron filings, Fe

N2(g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)

Condenser

The gas mixture is cooled at

-50 degree celciusAmmonia solution,

NH3(aq), is f ormed

N2 gas and H2

gas unreacted

will f lowed

back to the

catalyst

chamber©Copyright ammycynthiaachan



Haber processHaber process




HABER PROCESS



Q uestions

1. What does the Haber process produce?

2. From where is the hydrogen obtained?

3. From where is the nitrogen obtained?

4. Write the word and symbol equation for making ammonia

5. What is the catalyst used?

6. What temperature and pressure are chosen for the process?

7. State the uses of ammonia?





MAKING FERTILIZERS FROM MAKING FERTILIZERS FROM

AMMONIAAMMONIA

A concentrated solution of ammonia can beA concentrated solution of ammonia can beused as aused as a fertiliserfertiliser

Being a base, ammonia isBeing a base, ammonia is neutralisedneutralised by acidsby acids

to yield ammonium saltsto yield ammonium salts(a) Ammonia + nitric acid(a) Ammonia + nitric acid ammonium nitrateammonium nitrate(b) Ammonia +(b) Ammonia + sulphuricsulphuric acidacid ammoniumammonium

sulphatesulphate

(c) Ammonia + phosphoric acid(c) Ammonia + phosphoric acid ammoniumammoniumphosphatephosphate



Making fertiliser in the labMaking fertiliser in the lab



WORKSHEET 2

Activity : making ammonium sulphate fertiliser

Apparatus and Materials :

Procedure :

1. Collect 25 cm3 of ammonia solution in a small conical flask.

2. Add dilute sulphuric acid, 1 cm3 at a time, from a burette. After adding each cm3

of acid, swirl your flask. Dip a glass rod into the solution. Then test a drop of thesolution on a piece of blue litmus paper.

3. Keep adding acid until the litmus just turns pink.

4. Then pour the solution into an evaporating dish.

5. Heat it on a water bath until about half of the solution has evaporated off. (Don¶tlet it boil dry.)

6. Leave the rest of the solution to evaporate off slowly.

1. SULPHURIC ACID AND AMMONIA

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