1 | State Library of New South Wales: NSW Syllabus for the … · 2018. 8. 30. · 2 | State Library of New South Wales: NSW Syllabus for the Australian Curriculum – Geography (Macquarie

1 | State Library of New South Wales: NSW Syllabus for the Australian Curriculum – Geography (Macquarie Island)

Geography: Stage 2 (Years 3 and 4) Places are Similar and Different

Students examine natural and human features of Australia. Students consider how people’s perceptions of places are the basis for actions to protect places and environments.

Topic: Macquarie Island World Heritage Area

Key inquiry questions: How and why are places similar and different?

How do people’s perceptions about places influence their views about the protection of places?

Content

The Australian continent

Students:

investigate Australia’s major natural and human features for example: (ACHGK014, ACHGK015) description of natural features of Australia eg deserts, rivers, mountains

Perception and protection of places

Students:

investigate how the protection of places is influenced by people’s perception of places, for example: (ACHGK018) description of how and why people perceive places differently discussion of how people’s perceptions influence the protection of places in Australia eg sacred sites, national parks, world

heritage sites


Student Learning Activities

Activity 1: Engagement, locating and questioning – Macquarie Island World Heritage Area

a. View Sources 1 and 2 taken 100 years apart. Discuss why and how the areas and wildlife shown may have been protected.

b. Locate and map the Macquarie Island World Heritage Area on a map of Australia that includes New Zealand and Antarctica. Locate the nearest countries, states and population centres. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/629/multiple=1&unique_number=747

c. Formulate questions for inquiry:

What are the major natural and human features of the Macquarie Island World Heritage Area? How do people’s perceptions of the Macquarie Island World Heritage Area influence its protection?

Source 1: Young sea-elephants and Royal penguins at South End, Macquarie Island, 1911, photographed by Frank Hurley

http://www.acmssearch.sl.nsw.gov.au/search/itemDetailPaged.cgi?itemID=60424

Source 2: Macquarie Island Beach, 2009, photographed by Hullwarren

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MacquarieIslandBeach.JPG https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en


Activity 2: Acquiring geographical information – Macquarie Island Australasian Antarctic Expedition

a. Analyse Sources 3 to 11 relating to the survey of Macquarie Island as part of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition led by Douglas Mawson. The expedition left Hobart on 2nd December 1911 and sighted Macquarie Island on 11th December 1911.

b. Explore the zoomable images of Sources 12 and 13: Leslie Blake’s relief map and geological sketch of Macquarie Island. Discuss the data presented in the maps, the elements of the maps and the mapping conventions used.

c. View contemporary images of the Macquarie Island World Heritage Area. Research the unique values that were promoted for its inclusion onto the World Heritage List. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/629

Source 3: Charles Turnbull Harrisson diary, 2 December 1911 to 31 December 1912, p 44

Transcript of diary by Charles Turnbull Harrisson, biologist and artist, Australasian Antarctic Expedition

11th December 1911 (p. 44)

Macquarie Island about 10 miles off when I went on deck – A high irregular hilly land rising from the black ribs of old Headlands – stretching out now in ragged reefs – steeply up to rounded hills and downs – a wall of steep high slopes round the island, thickly covered with a green tussocky grass something like Cocksfoot.

15th December 1911 (p. 48)

As we went up we had a great view of the rookery below – a triangle of say 300 paces across the middle base of grass & covered with birds… It was all moving with penguins. Penguins in the rookeries – Penguins on the rocks, Penguins streaming westward & shoreward from the sea. On the beach 3 or 4 large Sea Elephants were peacefully sleeping with the penguins swarming round, and one small Sea Elephant had made an excursion into the rookery, sweeping the birds off their nests with every movement –



Complete diary http://www.acmssearch.sl.nsw.gov.au/search/itemDetailPaged.cgi?itemID=976743

and a crowd of brown Skuas following him up, fighting over the spoils of the nests.

Transcript http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/_transcript/2015/D15086/a5628.html

Read:

What was the landscape of Macquarie Island?

What vegetation covered the island?

What wildlife was seen?

Infer:

What was the purpose of the diary?

How would Charles have used his diary?

What does the diary provide today?


Source 4: Frank Hurley, expedition photographer, amongst the penguins, Macquarie Island, 1911


Source 5: Young skua on nest, Macquarie Island, 1911, photographed by Frank Hurley, expedition photographer


Observe: What are the natural features of the area? What are the human features of the area?

Are there people in the photograph? If so, what are they doing?

Infer: Why was the photograph taken? What were the photographer’s perceptions of the area? Why do you think that?


Source 6: The Expedition Hut at Macquarie Island, 1911, photographed by Leslie R. Blake, expedition geologist


Source 7: Panorama looking south from Wireless Hill, Macquarie Island, 1911, photographed by Leslie R. Blake, expedition geologist






Source 8: The head of Caroline Cove, Macquarie Island, 1911, photographed by Douglas Mawson, geologist and expedition leader


Source 9: A baby sea-elephant alarmed, Macquarie Island, 1911, photographed by Douglas Mawson, geologist and expedition leader






Source 10: King penguins at Lusitania Bay, 1911, photographed by Harold Hamilton, expedition biologist


Source 11: Victoria penguin and young on Macquarie Island, 1911, photographed by Harold Hamilton, expedition biologist






Source 12: Macquarie Island Relief Map 1:40000, 1913 by Leslie R. Blake, expedition cartographer and geologist. It is still considered to be one of the finest surveys of Macquarie Island.

http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/album/albumView.aspx?itemID=883475&acmsid=0 Zoomable image available

Source 13: Geological sketch of Macquarie Island, 1911-1914 by Leslie R. Blake, expedition cartographer and geologist

http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/album/albumView.aspx?itemID=959995&acmsid=0 Zoomable image available.


Activity 3: Representing geographical information – Macquarie Island World Heritage Area

Natural features of Macquarie Island:

Human features of Macquarie Island:

Roles in data collection on the 1911 Antarctic expedition:

Artist –

Photographer –

Cartographer –

Biologist –

Geologist –

Geographical tools used to record the features of Macquarie Island in 1911:

Unique features of the area used for World Heritage listing:

What does inclusion in the World Heritage Register mean?


Activity 4: Processing geographical information – Perceptions of Frank Hurley, Professional Photographer

Imagine you are the expedition photographer Frank Hurley exploring Macquarie Island with biologist and artist, Charles Turnbull Harrisson, as described in Harrisson’s 1911 diary. Complete the sentences:

Sitting here amongst the penguins I …

I took this photograph because …

Standing here we …


Activity 5: Communicating – Visual diary

Imagine you have been assigned as the photographer on a current expedition to Macquarie Island. Using images sourced from the Internet, compile a visual diary of a three-day survey of the island’s natural features, including wildlife. Add text that explains the island’s outstanding natural features, explaining why the area is a World Heritage site. Include a map locating the area and highlights of your visit. Explain ways in which people can help protect the fragile vegetation and wildlife that breeds on the island.

Background notes for teachers

Macquarie Island World Heritage Area

“On 3 December, 1997 Macquarie Island was listed as a World Heritage Area - the second Tasmanian World Heritage Area. Macquarie Island is a site of outstanding geological and natural significance on a world scale.

The island is one of only a very few in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean where fauna in the region can breed. Around 3.5 million seabirds and 80,000 elephant seals arrive on Macquarie Island each year to breed and moult. Fur seals are beginning to re-establish populations on the island after nearly being exterminated in the early 19th century.” http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=394

“Macquarie Island is the only island in the world composed entirely of oceanic crust and rocks from the mantle, deep below the earth's surface. Macquarie Island provides evidence of the rock types found at great depths in the earth's crust and of plate tectonics and continental drift, the geological processes that have dominated the earth's surface for many millions of years. It is an island of unique natural diversity, a site of major geoconservation significance and one of the truly remarkable places on earth. https://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/macquarie-island

Notes on Leslie R. Blake’s Relief Map, 1913

“Relief shown by contours and spot heights.


Map of the topographic survey which commenced on 22 October 1911, when the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (AAE) team of five landed on Macquarie, the main objective being establishment of radio station to relay between Antarctica and Australia. Leslie R. Blake was the cartographer and geologist in the team.

Blake's map remained the most accurate survey during the twentieth century, as it rains, snows or hails 308 days a year on the island, precluding remote sensing.

Blake's main contribution to AAE as a geologist and cartographer on leave from the Geological Survey Dept., Brisbane was the topographical survey on foot and by sea, and description of the island's geology. He collected rock specimen, and photographed royal penguins who breed only on Macquarie Island. (A royal penguin egg collected and signed by Blake October 20, 1912 is now in Aberdeen University' Zoology Museum.)

In 1914 Blake returned from Antarctica to carry out geological work in Queensland goldfields, but soon volunteered as a gunner, later a sergeant, lieutenant, and captain. He died in action on the Somme four weeks before the end of the war.

Contours at 50 feet north of Lake Prion; bathymetric contours and soundings from Judge and Clerk Islands to South East Reef.” http://library.sl.nsw.gov.au/search~S2?/Xmacquarie+island+blake&searchscope=2&SORT=DZ/Xmacquarie+island+blake&searchscope=2&SORT=DZ&extended=1&SUBKEY=macquarie+island+blake/1%2C3%2C3%2CE/frameset&FF=Xmacquarie+island+blake&searchscope=2&SORT=DZ&2%2C2%2C

NSW Syllabus for the Australian Curriculum Geography K–6

Outcomes Geographical Inquiry Skills Geographical Concepts

GE2-1 examines features and characteristics of places and environments

GE2-2 describes the ways people, places and environments interact

Acquiring geographical information

develop geographical questions to investigate (ACHGS019, ACHGS026)

collect and record relevant geographical data and information, for example, by observing, by interviewing, conducting surveys, or using maps, visual

Place: the significance of places and what they are like eg natural and human features and characteristics of different places and their similarities and differences; how people’s perceptions about places influence their responses and actions to protect them.


GE2-3 examines differing perceptions about the management of places and environments

GE2-4 acquires and communicates geographical information using geographical tools for inquiry

representations, the media or the internet (ACHGS020, ACHGS027)

Processing geographical information

represent data by constructing tables, graphs and maps (ACHGS021, ACHGS028)

represent information by constructing large-scale maps that conform to cartographic conventions, using spatial technologies as appropriate (ACHGS022, ACHGS029)

interpret geographical data to identify distributions and patterns and draw conclusions (ACHGS023, ACHGS030)

Communicating geographical information

present findings in a range of communication forms, for example, written, oral, digital, graphic, tabular and visual, and use geographical terminology (ACHGS024, ACHGS031)

reflect on their learning to propose individual action in response to a contemporary geographical challenge and identify the expected effects of the proposal (ACHGS025, ACHGS032)

Space: the significance of location and spatial distribution, and ways people organise and manage spaces that we live in eg settlement patterns within Australia, neighbouring countries and other countries.

Environment: the significance of the environment in human life, and the important interrelationships between humans and the environment eg how climate and environment influence settlement patterns; interconnections between people and environments; differing ways people can use environments sustainably.

Interconnection: no object of geographical study can be viewed in isolation eg interconnections between people, places and environments; influence of people’s values on the management and protection of places and environments and the custodial responsibilities of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples.

Scale: the way that geographical phenomena and problems can be examined at different spatial levels eg types of settlement across a range of scales; the


influence of climate across a range of scales.

Sustainability: the capacity of the environment to continue to support our lives and the lives of other living creatures into the future eg ways in which people, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, use and protect natural resources; differing views about environmental sustainability; sustainable management of waste.

Learning across the curriculum

Sustainability Ethical understanding� Literacy Personal and social capability Civics and citizenship

Resources

Picture books

One Small Island by Alison Lester and Coral Tulloch

Videos and Webcams

Macquarie Island station webcam http://www.antarctica.gov.au/webcams/macquarie-island

Macquarie Success – Behind the News http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s4010012.htm


Teaching unit

Save One Island Save Them All http://e4ac.edu.au/units/year-5/

Websites

World Heritage Places – Macquarie Island https://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/macquarie-island

Macquarie Island World Heritage Area http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=394

Australian Antarctic Division: Leading Australia’s Antarctic Program http://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica

Classroom Antarctica http://classroom.antarctica.gov.au/stewardship/world-heritage-islands

1 | State Library of New South Wales: NSW Syllabus for the … · 2018. 8. 30. · 2 | State Library of New South Wales: NSW Syllabus for the Australian Curriculum – Geography (Macquarie

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