1 Short activity overview L. Federzoni Gent, September 23 rd 2009.

DTH 1

Short activity overview

L. Federzoni

Gent, September 23rd 2009

DTH 2

R & Dfor

nuclear

energy

Fundamental

Research Defense

programs

Technological

Research

for industry

CEA organization and LITEN position

DRT: 3 business units

Micro-electronics, systems and smart devices Embedded and

Interactive systems

New Technology for Energy

9 research centers15,000p.

3,3B€/yr budget1400 patents

DTH 3

Energy context in France

Nuclear

Fossil fuels

EnR

TomorrowEnergy bouquet

Nuclear

Fossil fuels

Today

EnRH2

DTH 4

The Strategic Positioning of LITEN

Development of complete Energy routes without Greenhouse Gases Emission

Contribution to the integration of renewable energies within the city, region…for transportation, habitat, autonomy, network supply…

DTH 5

The Strategic Positioning of LITEN

Electrical Powered

Hybridizing Fuel Cell / Batteries Hydrogen production, storage

and deliveryEnergy Saving / Storage

Electrical Conversion / management

Solar Energies

Thermal and photovoltaic cellsElectrical SystemsEnergetic efficiencyBuilding integration

Hybrid components

Micro-Power Sourcesincl.Organic components

based on NanoTechnologies

New Energyfor Transportation

New Energyfor nomad

devices

AutomotiveMarket

BuildingMarket

New Energyfor building

NomadMarket

30 % of Liten activity30 % of Liten activity 40 % of Liten activity

DTH 6

The key points of LITEN

Manpower 2008

355 permanent staff

550 total staff

Manpower 2008

355 permanent staff

550 total staff

Patents

324 in portofolio 2008

96 new in 2008

Patents

324 in portofolio 2008

96 new in 2008

DTH 7

The External Funding

Budget 2007

66 Meuros

41 Meuros external funding

25 Meuros CEA funding

Budget 2007

66 Meuros

41 Meuros external funding

25 Meuros CEA funding

DTH 8

Industrial Partnership

Building/Solar Energy

Transportation

Nomad

Big companies Small companies

• Photovoltaic devices

• Thermal devices

• Fuel cell

• Energy storage

• Hydrogen

• Micro power sources

• Energy scavenging

M E T I S

• Positive energy building

DTH 9

Liten organisation

DTNM Nano materials Technologies Division

DTNM Nano materials Technologies Division

DTS Solar Technologies Division

DTS Solar Technologies Division

DTH Hydrogen and Transportation

Division

DTH Hydrogen and Transportation

Division

DTH 10

DTH: a major actor of all the “H2 energy” route

Massive and localized H2 production

DeliveryStorage

Conversion (low & high T°)

Production coupled to renewable energies

DTH 11

Fossil energiesCoal, petrol, gas CO2CO2CO2CO2

Renewable energies- Solar,- wind, - Geothermal- Hydraulic

Nuclear energy

Vaporeforming, partial oxidation,…

Thermochemical transformationgaseification

Electrolysis

- Biomass

Thermochimical cycles

Biological production

Transport

Pipes lines

Cryogenic

Bundles under pressure

Production Conversion

Transportation (PEMFC)

Stationnary (SOFC)

Storage- Gazeous (pressure)- Cryogenic- Solid hydrides

The hydrogen routes without greenhouse gas emission

Primary energies

DTH 12

Technological target : high power steam electrolysis coupled with

3rd or 4th nuclear reactor generation

Target : replace a part of expensive electricity by lower cost heat coming from existing heat sources

Geothermic, solar oven, nuclear, incinerators,…

Electrolysis is a promising way to produce hydrogen,

but current devices operating at low temperature needs a lot of electricity

Hydrogen ProductionThe High Temperature Electrolysis (HTE) programme at CEA

Décomposition de l’eau

Eau

Eau

Source thermique

propre et bon marché

Électricité propre et à bas coût

Source thermique propre et à bas coût

géothermie nucléaire

Solaire HT

Water splitting

Eau

Water

Source thermique

propre et bon marché

Electricity green and low cost

Thermal sourcegreen andlow cost

Geothermal Nuclear

HT Solar

DTH 13

High temperature steam electrolysis principle

H

2O

+-

H2O

, H2

Air

Air, O

2

H

2O

+-

H2O

, H2

Air

Air, O

2

H

2O

+-

H2O

, H2

Air

Air, O

2

Air

Air, O2

H2O, H2

H2O

Cathode Anode

Ele

ctro

lyte

H2O + 2e- H2 + O2-

O2- O2 + 2e-

700°C < T < 900°C

e-

DTH 14

Division of H2 & Transportation (staff ~180)

Prototype for severe

environmentLink with

Nuclear Energy

High T° componentsHTE, SOFC

Powder metallurgy

Low T° componentsPEMFC, LTE

Low T° components

Batteries PEMFC

prototypes Transportation Coupling with

Renewable energy

LCPEM LPAC LCE

LTH LEV

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200i (mA.cm-2)

U (

mV

)

100%RH

50%RH

30%RH

DTH 15

The LEV activity at a glance

Manpower: 31 permanents 10 temporary collaborators

Main partnership: Industry: AREVA, EDF-Eifer, DELPHI, GDF-Suez, St Gobain, Eurotungstène,

Federal Mogul, HC Starck, Baikowski,… Europe: participation to 10 FP6 projects (3 IP) and 5 FP7 projects National : participation to 15 ANR projects (2 as coordinator) and 1 Ademe

project Academic laboratories: privilege collaboration with

Publications and patents in 2007 and 2008: 9 publications with review 15 congress presentations 8 patents, 6 patents pending

2 Post Doc5 PhD students

Engineers 22

Technicians 9

PhD students

5

Temporarycollaborators

10Post Doc 2

DTH 16

Material specification and synthesis:chemical composition, grain size distribution, specific surface

area, intrinsic conductivity (electronic, ionic or both)

In link with low cost wet and environment friendly processing: tape casting, serigraphy, spray, using aqueous or non toxic slurries pressing, sintering

promising alternatives to Ni-based cermet, MIEC electrodes, proton conducting material…..

Material synthesis and processing (1/3)

Automatic spray coating

system

Calcination & sintering oven 1200- 1700°C

Press

Grinding devices

DTH 17

Material synthesis and processing (2/3)

Formulation of slurries

(screen-printing, tape casting)

Cell processing Thermal treatments(sintering)

Powders

5 cmBatches up to 100

g

Cells up to 400

cm2

Batches up to 1

kg

Zirconia based electrolytes, Perovskite based electrodes (LSCM, Titanates, Zirconates, etc.)

DTH 18

Material synthesis and processing (3/3)

Microstructure optimisation: example of a graded and multilayered electrode

Substantial ASR improvement

on standard material caused by architecture optimisation

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

1000

juillet(2007)

septembre(2007)

décembre(2007)

février(2008)

LSM

.c

m2

1 year iteration

.cm

2

Bonding layer

Functional layer

Electrolyte

DTH 19

Cell and stack testing (electrochemical characterisation)

ASR measurements on symmetrical 15 mm

cells

electrolysis operation on

single 50 mm cells

Fuel cell operation on single 56 and 120 mm

cells

Measurements: i-V curves, impedance spectra,

ageing

Environment: fuel H2, CH4, CO, CO2

Pollutants H2S, Electrolysis pure H2O

Fuel cell and electrolysis operation on large single cells

and short stack Fuel cell operation on 3

kWe stack

DTH 20

Cell and component testing

(mechanical characterisation)

4-points bending test (biaxial, double torsion)

up to 1000°C in controlled atmosphere Ar/H2

4-points bending test at room T

(Young modulus, fracture strength)

SEM in-situ bendingInitiation and crack propagation analysis

DTH 21

CVD coatings :

Nuclear fuel for

4th generation reactor

Nuclear ceramics :

Nuclear propulsion

Ceramic material development for nuclear applications

DTH 22

PIM (Powder Injection Molding): principle

4-Sintering

3b-pre-sintering

3-debinding

thermal chemical

2-Injection1-blend : powder + binders

Trend

feedstock

DTH 23

PIM (Powder Injection Molding):

numerous applications

Small ceramic and/or metal parts

with fine details

DTH 24

« Feedstock nano »

Shear roller in the glove box

Controlled atmosphere

1st European installation

• Aim : facilities allowing the preparation of nanocomposites feedstock based on nanopowders

DTH 25

Polymer nanocomposites

- Development of highly thermal/electrical conductive thermoplastics applications,

- Development of protonic conductive nanocomposites

- Development of transparent nanocomposites for Photovoltaic application,- Development of low gaz permeable nanocomposites for energy application

Involvement in several european projects in the field of nanocomposites (Multiplat FP7, Thermonano FP7, Multihybrids FP6, Cotech FP7, Flexpaet FP7).

DTH 26

DOPE® process (Dispersed nano-Objects Protective Encapsulation

)• Process patented : provides granulates of dispersed

nanoparticles, ready for use (for dilution),- Improve the dispersion of nanoparticles within the

nanocomposite

DOPE CNT based nanocomposite Commercial nanocomposite

- Improve the safety related to the use of CNT/nanoparticles

DTH 27

Technico-economical studies

• Multicriteria analysis of the energetic systems

• Technico-economical evaluation of components and systems of the energy field

Production Distribution Utilization

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

CAS 19 CAS 11 CAS 3 CAS 20 CAS 12 CAS 4

€/m

² Cathode

Electrolyte

Anode

1 000 m²/an 10 000 m²/an 100 000 m²/an 1 000 m²/an 10 000 m²/an 100 000 m²/an400 cm² 625 cm²

Reference CEA technol

31%

28%

22%

10%

6%3%

Main d'œuvre

Machines

Consommables

Maintenance

Energie

Bâtiment

DTH 28

Easy Access and use of the CEA nano-charaterisation platform

Main skills :• Microscopy• X Rays Diffraction• Ion Beams• Mechanics• Surface+ sample Preparation Partner:

100 researchers40 characterisation tools1 500 m² laboratories15 M€ investments