1 SCR 101: Getting Ready for EPA 2010 Moderated by: Guest Host Steve Sturgess, Executive Editor, Heavy Duty Trucking Presented by:
1
SCR 101:Getting Ready for EPA
2010Moderated by:
Guest Host Steve Sturgess, Executive Editor, Heavy Duty Trucking
Presented by:
Educating the Trucking Industry on 2010 SCR
Technology• How we got here• Technology Overview• SCR’s impact
• Fuel Economy• Driver Interface• Engine Changes• Aftertreatment Changes• Maintenance Intervals
• SCR in use today• Diesel Exhaust Fluid
• Where to get DEF • How often you will refill DEF
• FAQ’s 2
3
22 Years of Truck Emission Changes
1988
1991
1994
1998
2002/2004
2007
20100.01
0.2Nitrogen Oxides - NOx (g/bhp-hr)
Part
icu
late
Matt
er
- P
M (
g/b
hp
-hr)
By 2010, 65 trucks will emit
the same amount of
Pollutants as 1 truck did in
1988
We’ve Come a Long Way
Department 4
Common Terms•SCR = Selective Catalytic Reduction
A vehicle emissions control technology to reduce diesel engine emissions for passenger cars, light & heavy duty trucks. Reduces NOx using a reducing agent by converting NOx into nitrogen, water and tiny amounts of carbon
dioxide.
•DEF = Diesel Exhaust FluidA solution of 32.5% automotive-grade urea and 67.5% purified water used in the SCR process; also referred to as AUS32
32.5% Urea
67.5%Water
100% DEF
DieselExhaust
Fluid
• BlueTecDaimler’s branded SCR emissions technology
What Does That Mean?
•DPF = Diesel Particulate FilterAdditional Aftertreatment hardware added to truck in 2007 to reduce the amount of Particulate Matter in the vehicle’s exhaust
Two Technologies to Meet 2010 Emissions
5
In-Cylinder EGR
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
SCR Catalyst
6
2002-2007:EGR
2010:EGR Only
How EGR Works: Basic Laws of Combustion
Efficiency
EGREG
R Cool A
ir
Cool A
ir
Pre 2002:No EGR
EGRCool Air
• Highest Firing Temperatures
• Highest NOx
• Highest Efficiency
• Lower Firing Temperatures
• Lower NOx
• Lower Efficiency
Cool A
ir
= Exhaust
SCR Catalyst
NOxPM
NOx
Particulate Matter (PM) is trapped in the Diesel Particulate Filter
(DPF)
= Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
PM
DEF injected into the exhaust stream
DEF
NH3DEF solution ‘hydrolyzes’ into
ammonia gas (NH3) which mixes with the exhaust
Ammonia (NH3) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) react in the catalyst
to form Nitrogen and Water
N2H2O
Exhaust leaves the engine with the pollutants NOx and PM
How SCR Works: Cleaning the Air After the
Engine
Technology Attribute SCR EGR
Increased Combustion Efficiency
Increased Fuel Economy
Proven to meet the 0.2 g NOx
Additional Hardware
Use of Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
2010 Technology Comparison
8
9
10
4.8
5
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6
1998 2002 2004 2007 2010
Fu
el
Ec
on
om
y,
MP
G
Series 60 DD15
Economy For Your Business
DD
15
Blu
eTec
Up to 5%
Up to 5%
11
PRE - EPA 2007 EPA 2007 EPA 2010
STOPENGINE
CHECKENGINE
STOPENGINE
CHECKENGINE
STOPENGINE
CHECKENGINE
High Exhaust Temperature
Lam
DPF Regeneration
Lamp
Malfunction Indicator Lamp
(MIL)
High Exhaust Temperature
Lam
DPF Regeneration
Lamp
Malfunction Indicator Lamp
(MIL)
Fuel and DEF Gauge
Simplicity For Drivers
Fuel Gauge
Fuel Gauge
12
Simplicity for Drivers
EMPTY
Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
FULL DEF Level Gauge Lamps DEF Lamp
75% to 100% 4 green lights off
50% to 75% 3 green lights off
25% to 50% 2 green lights off
10% to 25% 1 green light off
5% to 10% 1 yellow light on solid
0% to 5% 1 red light flashing on flashing
13
EPA 2007 DD15 EPA 2010 DD15
Simplicity Under the Hood
14
ComponentDD15 Design
Changes in 2010
Fuel system
No major changes
Camshaft
Turbo
Turbo compound
Pistons / Rods
Crankshaft
Block / Head
EGR Cooler
Water Pump
Oil / Coolant System
Simplicity Under the Hood
15
1-Box Configuration
Simplicity For Packaging
16
Maintenance Item DD15 Duration / Capacity
Oil and Filter
Same as EPA07
Fuel Filter
Valve Adjustment
Crankcase Breather
Diesel Particulate Filter
Coolant Filter
New DD15 Maintenance for EPA 2010
DEF FilterEvery 2 years
Air Bladder Fill
Simplicity For Maintenance
17
Experience for SCR
•SCR has Experience all over the World…Over 600,000 Trucks in operation
•SCR 2010 Test Fleet Have Performed Extremely Well
•Detroit Diesel Launched Our 2010 Engine in 2007…Tried and True With Nearly 2 Billion Customer Miles Already
Dealer / Distributor
Where to Get Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
IBC, 55-gallon drum, 2 gallon jug
Home Terminal
Intermediate Bulk Container (IBCs) or 2-2.5 gallon Jugs
Truck Stop
Fuel island filling
19
3 Gallons900 Miles
6 Gallons1800 Miles
9 Gallons2700 Miles
12 Gallons3600 Miles
DEF RANGE IN GALLONS
3 6 9 12
How Far Can You Go?
SCR101 Summary
• Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Is…
•The most efficient way to meet 2010 emissions
•Simple for truckers to operate and maintain
•Already in use today and heavily tested in the United States
•Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Is…
•Easy and economical to purchase and simple to use
20
Department 21
Is DEF unsafe to handle? Is it flammable or hazardous?
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
• Hazards Identification “Urea Solution is not Flammable”
•First Aid Measures“Wash area thoroughly with soap and water”
•Fire Fighting Measures“Urea solution is not flammable”
•Transportation Information“Urea solution is not listed by any US or Canadian transportation authority as a hazardous material…”
Department 22
Does DEF become toxic at extremely high temperatures?
“Urea does not become toxic at any temperature”
“…at 122°F, DEF will still meet ISO specifications of less than 0.2% ammonia for at least 35 days. At that rate it would take more than 2 years to reach the ammonia level of household ammonia which is still not classified as toxic”
James Spooner VP & GM Colonial Chemical Company
Department 23
Will DEF freeze at 12°F?
DEF will start to freeze at 12°F
Engine coolant is used to thaw DEF in tank. System
will function until DEF begins to flow.
EPA Requires DEF flow within 70 minutes
24
DEF Shelf Life at Constant Temperature(average temperature during month of July)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Los Angeles Chicago Atlanta Phoenix
Mo
nth
s
Will DEF go bad in my truck if I operate in a hot climate?
At 86°F DEF has a shelf life of 1 YEAR!
Source: Terra Industries
44Month
s
74°F avg. July
temp
41Month
s
75°F avg. July
temp
36 month
s
77°F avg. July
temp 7 month
s
95°F avg. July temp
DEF is available through a variety of distribution networks today, at affordable prices.
Detroit Diesel Test Fleet June 23, 2009: 275 Gallons @ $2.42/gal
TA Saginaw, MI June 26, 2009 2.5 Gallons @ $3.99/gal
Will I be able to get DEF at a reasonable price?
Pilot Travel Center Brooks, OR Sept 14, 2009
Fuel Island Bulk Fill @ $2.79/gal
Department 26
If I run out of DEF will my truck still start?
When the DEF tank is empty “…the vehicle will be limited to 5 mph with inducement notification”
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL VEHICLE AND FUEL EMISSIONS LABORATORY
SUBJECT: Certification Requirements for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines Using Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) Technologies
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
NATIONAL VEHICLE AND FUEL EMISSIONS LABORATORY
SUBJECT: Certification Requirements for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines Using Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) Technologies
The DEF gauge indicates the level of DEF in the tank and has a series of alerts when the tank is running low
Department 27
Is the packaging of SCR system complicated?
BlueTec Installation
28
SCR 101:Getting Ready for EPA
2010
Presented By Detroit DieselModerated by Guest Host Steve Sturgess, Executive Editor, Heavy Duty Trucking