1 RETHINKING MARITIME TRANSPORT AND SUPPLY CHAINS IN THE REGION. CONTAINER- LINES E. C. S. A. ADAPTED VERSION OF A PRESENTATION IN THE TERMINAL OPERATORS.

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RETHINKING RETHINKING

MARITIME TRANSPORT AND MARITIME TRANSPORT AND

SUPPLY CHAINS IN THE SUPPLY CHAINS IN THE

REGION .REGION .CONTAINER- LINES E. C. S. A. CONTAINER- LINES E. C. S. A.

ADAPTED VERSION OF A PRESENTATION IN THE TERMINAL OPERATORS CONFERENCE IN BUENOS AIRES ON NOVEMBER 9TH 2009

EAST COAST OF SOUTH- AMERICA, EAST COAST OF SOUTH- AMERICA, FROM PECEM /FORTALEZA BRAZIL TO BS. AS FROM PECEM /FORTALEZA BRAZIL TO BS. AS (SOME NOW INCLUDE BAHIA BLANCA). (SOME NOW INCLUDE BAHIA BLANCA). A BIT OF HISTORY FIRST.A BIT OF HISTORY FIRST.UNTIL 15 YRS AGO, RELATIVELYUNTIL 15 YRS AGO, RELATIVELY SMALL SMALL VESSELS VESSELS WERE USED BY THE SHIPPING-WERE USED BY THE SHIPPING-LINES IN THESE TRADES. LINES IN THESE TRADES. THESE VESSELS THESE VESSELS MADE CALLS AT MANY PORTS. MADE CALLS AT MANY PORTS.

ALL PORTS HAD THEIR OWN “CAPTIVE ALL PORTS HAD THEIR OWN “CAPTIVE HINTERLANDS” AND SHIPPERS HAD HINTERLANDS” AND SHIPPERS HAD NO OPTIONS.NO OPTIONS.

ALL GENERALGENERAL CARGO OF CARGO OF ARGENTINA ARGENTINA & PARAGUAY& PARAGUAY ENTERED OR WENT OUT, EXCLUSIVELY THRU THE PORT OF BUENOS AIRESPORT OF BUENOS AIRES.

THE PORT OF MONTEVIDEOMOVED ONLY IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF URUGUAY.

EVERY PORT IN BRAZIL ATTENDED ITS OWN HINTERLAND .

SOMETIMES CARGOES WERE SOMETIMES CARGOES WERE TRANSHIPPED TRANSHIPPED BETWEEN “DEEPSEA” BETWEEN “DEEPSEA” AND “COASTAL” VESSELS.AND “COASTAL” VESSELS. 2

BUT THIS COMMENCED TO CHANGE BUT THIS COMMENCED TO CHANGE IN IN THE NINETIES THE NINETIES WITH THE MASSIVEWITH THE MASSIVE USE OF USE OF CONTAINERS IN THE REGION.CONTAINERS IN THE REGION.

AND STILL A BIT MORE AFTER AND STILL A BIT MORE AFTER 2003, WHEN 2003, WHEN SLOWLY BIGGER SHIPS ENTERED THE SLOWLY BIGGER SHIPS ENTERED THE TRADES .TRADES .

NOW 55 % OF ALL CONTAINER-NOW 55 % OF ALL CONTAINER-MOVEMENTS OF THE PORT OF MOVEMENTS OF THE PORT OF MONTEVIDEO, ARE ARGENTINE CARGOES. MONTEVIDEO, ARE ARGENTINE CARGOES.

HOWEVER IN THE NEAR FUTURE, THE HOWEVER IN THE NEAR FUTURE, THE CHANGES IN THE MARITIME TRANSPORT-CHANGES IN THE MARITIME TRANSPORT-SYSTEM IN THE REGION WILL BE MUCH SYSTEM IN THE REGION WILL BE MUCH GREATER, AS I SHALL TRY TO EXPLAIN.GREATER, AS I SHALL TRY TO EXPLAIN.

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EFFECTS OF THE EFFECTS OF THE “ECONOMIES OF SCALE” “ECONOMIES OF SCALE”

BY APPLYING BY APPLYING “ECONOMIES OF SCALE”, “ECONOMIES OF SCALE”, THE THE COST OF TRANSPORT PER UNIT CAN BE REDUCED. COST OF TRANSPORT PER UNIT CAN BE REDUCED.

ITS CONSTANT ADVANCE IN WORLD SHIPPING, ITS CONSTANT ADVANCE IN WORLD SHIPPING, MADEMADE GLOBALIZATION POSSIBLE, AND NOW MOST GLOBALIZATION POSSIBLE, AND NOW MOST MANUFACTURING IS DONE INMANUFACTURING IS DONE IN ASIA, ASIA, WITH CHEP LABORWITH CHEP LABOR..

WHEN “ECONOMIES OF SCALE” START IN A WHEN “ECONOMIES OF SCALE” START IN A REGION, REGION, THE PORT-SYSTEM CHANGES.THE PORT-SYSTEM CHANGES.

COMPETITION BETWEEN PORTS INCREASES AND COMPETITION BETWEEN PORTS INCREASES AND NO NO PORT CAN MAINTAIN A CAPTIVE HINTERLAND.PORT CAN MAINTAIN A CAPTIVE HINTERLAND.

MANY PORTS NOW FIGHT FOR THE SAME CARGO.MANY PORTS NOW FIGHT FOR THE SAME CARGO. NEW SUPPLY-CHAINS ARE DEVELOPED AND NOW NEW SUPPLY-CHAINS ARE DEVELOPED AND NOW

SHIPPERS HAVE SEVERAL OPTIONS.SHIPPERS HAVE SEVERAL OPTIONS.

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CREW

FUEL-CONSUMPTIONTHE INCREASE OF FUEL-CONSUMPTION IS PROPORTIONALLY LESS THAN THE INCREASE OF CARGO THAT IS CARRIED

COST PER TEU CAPACITY

CONSTRUCTION COSTS (MILLIONS))

COMPARISONCOMPARISONFEBR. FEBR. 2008

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THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CAPACITIES / SIZE OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CAPACITIES / SIZE OF EMMA MAERSK & MSC-DANIT. EMMA MAERSK & MSC-DANIT.

HAS TO DO WITH THE AVERAGE WEIGHT OF THE CONTAINERS.HAS TO DO WITH THE AVERAGE WEIGHT OF THE CONTAINERS.

9 9

EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION

9

SOVEREIGHN MAERSKSOVEREIGHN MAERSK

77

NOMINAL CAPACITYNOMINAL CAPACITY 5905 TEU 5905 TEU = “VOLUME= “VOLUME”.”.THE VESSEL CAN THE VESSEL CAN LOAD 5905 T.E.U.sLOAD 5905 T.E.U.sBUT ONLY WITH AN BUT ONLY WITH AN AVERAGE WEIGHT OF AVERAGE WEIGHT OF 10 TONS PER TEU.10 TONS PER TEU.

HOWEVER AVERAGE HOWEVER AVERAGE WEIGHT IN MANY TRADES WEIGHT IN MANY TRADES IS 14 ts x TEU IS 14 ts x TEU ..THEREFORE HAMBURG THEREFORE HAMBURG SÜD GIVES ANOTHER GIVES ANOTHER

CAP. : 4380 TEU at CAP. : 4380 TEU at 14 t, 14 t, MEANS THAT THE MEANS THAT THE VESSEL REACHES ITS VESSEL REACHES ITS MAXIMUM DRAFTMAXIMUM DRAFT , , WHEN 4380 TEUS ARE WHEN 4380 TEUS ARE LOADED, LOADED, WITH AN WITH AN AVERAGE WEIGHT PER AVERAGE WEIGHT PER TEU OF 14 TONSTEU OF 14 TONS..

HAMBURG SUD

LENGTH 286 M WIDTH 40 M DRAFT 44 FEET

BIGGEST VESSEL CALLING at B.A.

CARRIERHAMBURG SÜD

DECLARES 2 CAPACITIES

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BUT WHY SHOULD WE SUPPOSE THAT SOON BUT WHY SHOULD WE SUPPOSE THAT SOON BIGGER SHIPS WILL ENTER THIS TRADE, WHEN BIGGER SHIPS WILL ENTER THIS TRADE, WHEN VOLUMES STILL ARE FAR BELOW 2008 FIGURES ?VOLUMES STILL ARE FAR BELOW 2008 FIGURES ?

HAMBURG HAMBURG SÜDSÜD ORDERED ORDERED VSLS OF 7000 TEU. 2010.VSLS OF 7000 TEU. 2010. ANOTHER EXPLANATION CAN BE FOUND IN ANOTHER EXPLANATION CAN BE FOUND IN WHAT WHAT

IS HAPPPENING IN THE 2 MOST IMPORTANT IS HAPPPENING IN THE 2 MOST IMPORTANT TRADES OF THE WORLD TRADES OF THE WORLD (EAST – WEST TRADES(EAST – WEST TRADES):):

EUROPE – FAR EAST AND EUROPE – FAR EAST AND U.S.A. – FAR EAST, U.S.A. – FAR EAST,

AT THE END OF 2008, THERE WERE MORE THAN AT THE END OF 2008, THERE WERE MORE THAN 200 VESSELS OF OVER 8000 TEU 200 VESSELS OF OVER 8000 TEU IN THESE TRADES. IN THESE TRADES.

AND MORE THAN 300 VESSELS OF OVER 8000 TEU AND MORE THAN 300 VESSELS OF OVER 8000 TEU UNDER UNDER CONSTRUCTION / ORDERED, CONSTRUCTION / ORDERED, ALL WITH ALL WITH DELIVERY 2009 - 2011, DELIVERY 2009 - 2011, ALTHOUGH SOME HAVE ALTHOUGH SOME HAVE BEEN SUSPENDED BEEN SUSPENDED . .

IN 2009 MONSTERS OF 14.000 TEU STARTED TO IN 2009 MONSTERS OF 14.000 TEU STARTED TO ENTER THE MARKETS, ENTER THE MARKETS, JUST WHEN THESE COLLAPSED. JUST WHEN THESE COLLAPSED.

10,8 % OF THE CONTAINER-FLEET IS LAID UP, IN 10,8 % OF THE CONTAINER-FLEET IS LAID UP, IN ORDER TO REDUCE OVERSUPPLY.ORDER TO REDUCE OVERSUPPLY.

SLOW STEAMING IS THE NEW PASSWORD. SLOW STEAMING IS THE NEW PASSWORD.

ALREADY LONG BEFORE THE CRISIS ALREADY LONG BEFORE THE CRISIS COMMENCED, MANY PREDICTED THAT COMMENCED, MANY PREDICTED THAT FAR TOO MANY BIG SHIPS HAD BEEN FAR TOO MANY BIG SHIPS HAD BEEN ORDERED FOR ORDERED FOR THE EAST-WEST TRADES.THE EAST-WEST TRADES.

AND THAT MANY OF THEM WOULD AND THAT MANY OF THEM WOULD HAVE TO LOOK FOR OTHER MARKETS. HAVE TO LOOK FOR OTHER MARKETS.

ALREADY AT THE BEGIN OF 2008, ALREADY AT THE BEGIN OF 2008, MANY THOUGHT THAT FINALLY THESE MANY THOUGHT THAT FINALLY THESE SURPLUS VESSELS WOULD WIND UP SURPLUS VESSELS WOULD WIND UP ON THE EAST COAST OF S. AMERICA. ON THE EAST COAST OF S. AMERICA.

BECAUSE OF THE CRISIS THIS WILL BECAUSE OF THE CRISIS THIS WILL HAPPEN EARLIER THAN EXPECTED.HAPPEN EARLIER THAN EXPECTED. 9

CRISIS & OPPORTUNITIES.CRISIS & OPPORTUNITIES. BEFORE: THERE WAS MUCH CARGO BEFORE: THERE WAS MUCH CARGO

AND INSUFFICIENT VESSELS,AND INSUFFICIENT VESSELS, CARRIERS HAD NO INCENTIVES TO ADD CARRIERS HAD NO INCENTIVES TO ADD

PORTS OF CALL TO THEIR SCHEDULES. PORTS OF CALL TO THEIR SCHEDULES. SHIPS WERE FULL ANYWAYSHIPS WERE FULL ANYWAY..

SHIPPERS COULD NOT ORGANIZE NEW SHIPPERS COULD NOT ORGANIZE NEW AND MORE EFFICIENT SUPPLY CHAINS.AND MORE EFFICIENT SUPPLY CHAINS.

NOW:NOW: LESS CARGOES AND MANY NEW LESS CARGOES AND MANY NEW VESSELS VESSELS ENTERING THE MARKET: ENTERING THE MARKET:

NOW THERE ARE TOO MANY SHIPS.NOW THERE ARE TOO MANY SHIPS. OPPORTUNITIES:OPPORTUNITIES:

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IN ORDER TO MITIGATE THE EFFECTS OF IN ORDER TO MITIGATE THE EFFECTS OF THE CRISIS, NOW CARRIERS ARE WILLING THE CRISIS, NOW CARRIERS ARE WILLING TO ADD TO ADD SECONDARY PORTS SECONDARY PORTS OF CALL, IF OF CALL, IF THIS CAN THIS CAN INCREASEINCREASE THEIR THEIR MARKETSHAREMARKETSHARE..

SOME CARRIERS IN ARGENTINA ARE SOME CARRIERS IN ARGENTINA ARE ALREADY OFFERING THEIR CLIENTS THE ALREADY OFFERING THEIR CLIENTS THE POSSIBILITY TO FORM NEW SUPPLY-POSSIBILITY TO FORM NEW SUPPLY-CHAINS,CHAINS,

AND INSTEAD OF CALLING ONLY AT THE AND INSTEAD OF CALLING ONLY AT THE PORT OF BUENOS AIRES,PORT OF BUENOS AIRES,

OFFER SERVICES FROM OFFER SERVICES FROM RIVERPORTSRIVERPORTS (ROSARIO / (ROSARIO / TERMINAL ZARATETERMINAL ZARATE) WITH ) WITH THEIR OCEAN GOING VESSELS, INSTEAD OF THEIR OCEAN GOING VESSELS, INSTEAD OF BARGES, AS WAS DONE BEFORE BARGES, AS WAS DONE BEFORE..

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VERY LITTLE TRAFFICVERY LITTLE TRAFFIC

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.THIS SHOWS HOW THE PRINCIPAL SHIPPING-LINES COME TO THE EAST COAST OF SOUTH AMÉRICA. (E.C.S.A.),(SEE “CORREDORES BI-OCEÁNICOS” FOR DISTANCES TO ASIA VIA PORTS OF THE PACIFIC )

SUAPESUAPE

BUENOS AIRESBUENOS AIRES

MONTEVIDEOMONTEVIDEO

SANTOSSANTOS

RIO GRANDERIO GRANDE

13

RIO DE JANEIRORIO DE JANEIRO

ITAJAI / SFITAJAI / SF

VITORIAVITORIA

PECEMPECEMLET´S SEE HOW THE LET´S SEE HOW THE SYSTEM FUNCIONS SYSTEM FUNCIONS

NOW 2009NOW 2009

AAFRICAFRICA

SUAPESUAPE

SANTOSSANTOS

14



VITORIAVITORIA

PECEMPECEM

SYSTEM 2009

AAFRICAFRICA


MONTEVIDEOMONTEVIDEORIO GRANDERIO GRANDE

NEARLY ALL CARRIERS TAKE PART IN A VESSEL

SHARING AGREEMENTV.S.A. / JOINT SERVICESV.S.A. / JOINT SERVICES

SUAPESUAPE

SANTOSSANTOS

15



VITORIAVITORIA

PECEMPECEM

AAFRICAFRICA

OFTEN THE SAME OFTEN THE SAME CARRIERS PARTICIPATE IN CARRIERS PARTICIPATE IN 2 SERVICES to EUROPE, 2 SERVICES to EUROPE, 2 SERVICES to USA .2 SERVICES to USA .

EACH SERVICE IS WEEKLY ON EACH SERVICE IS WEEKLY ON A FIXED DAY FOR EACH PORT.A FIXED DAY FOR EACH PORT.

EACH SERVICE HAS 6 EACH SERVICE HAS 6 VESSELS. VESSELS.

THE CARRIERS USE A THE CARRIERS USE A TOTAL OF 24 VESSELSTOTAL OF 24 VESSELS



JOINT SERVICES

SUAPESUAPE

SANTOSSANTOS

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VITORIAVITORIA

PECEMPECEM

AAFRICAFRICA

NEARLY ALL 24 VESSELS NEARLY ALL 24 VESSELS START DISCHARGE AT RIO START DISCHARGE AT RIO DE JANEIRO OR SANTOS.DE JANEIRO OR SANTOS.NORTHERN PORTS ARE NORTHERN PORTS ARE LOADING PORTS.LOADING PORTS.

4 SHIPS PER WEEK CALL AT 4 SHIPS PER WEEK CALL AT SANTOS FOR DISCHARGE SANTOS FOR DISCHARGE



SUAPESUAPE

SANTOSSANTOS

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VITORIAVITORIA

PECEMPECEMTHIS IS THE SCHEMETHAT IS MOSTLYUSED NOW. 2009

AAFRICAFRICA

ALL VSLS OF OUR EXAMPLE CONTINUE SOUTH TILL MONTE OR BUENOS AIRES. PREDOMINANT SCHEME.BUT OTHER JOINT SERVICES DECIDED IN 2003 TO TURN AROUND WITH TWO OF THE 4 LINES IN RIO GRANDE AND CONTINUE TO THE SOUTH WITH ONLY TWO LINES AND TRANSHIP CARGOES BETWEEN THEIR OWN VESSELS.



SUAPESUAPE

SANTOSSANTOS

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VITORIAVITORIA

PECEMPECEM

MOST USED SYSTEM 2009

AAFRICAFRICA

TAKING A CLOSER LOOK AT OUR EXAMPLE : AFTER THE DISCHARGE IN SANTOS, THE SHIPS OF 5000 / 6000 TEU GO TO THE SOUTH, GENERALLY WITH ONLY +/- 35 % OF THEIR CAPACITY OCCUPIED, WHICH WAS UNECONOMICAL WHEN SPACE WAS SCARCE AND CHARTER-RATES VERY HIGH. THERE WAS ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENTS /COST-REDUCTIONS: FOR EXAMPLE THEY COULD DO WHAT SOME ALREADY DO IN RÍO GRANDE : GO TO THE SOUTH WITH ONLY 2 LINES AND TURN AROUND 2 LÍNES AT SANTOS, TRANSHIPPING BETWEEN SHIPS OF DIFFERENT LINES.



SO IT SEEMS LOGICAL TO ASK : SO IT SEEMS LOGICAL TO ASK : WHY DID WHY DID NOT THEY DO THIS NOT THEY DO THIS AND WHY DO´NT THEY DO IT YET ?AND WHY DO´NT THEY DO IT YET ?

THE ANSWER IS SIMPLE:THE ANSWER IS SIMPLE: SANTOS STILL DOES NOT FULFIL THESANTOS STILL DOES NOT FULFIL THE

REQUIREMENTS TO ACT AS A TRANSHIPMENT REQUIREMENTS TO ACT AS A TRANSHIPMENT PORTPORT. .

BEFORE THE CRISIS IT DID BEFORE THE CRISIS IT DID NOT HAVE NOT HAVE SUFFICIENT CAPACITY TO SUFFICIENT CAPACITY TO EFFICIENTLY EFFICIENTLY HANDLE ITS OWNHANDLE ITS OWN IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.

IN ORDER TO IN ORDER TO “CHASE TRANSHIPMENTS “CHASE TRANSHIPMENTS AWAY”,AWAY”, SANTOS TERMINALS SANTOS TERMINALS CHARGE VERY CHARGE VERY HIGH RATES FOR THIS. HIGH RATES FOR THIS.

THIS POLICY IS STILL FOLLOWED, BUT WILL THIS POLICY IS STILL FOLLOWED, BUT WILL CHANGE VERY SOON.CHANGE VERY SOON.

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THERE ARE 2 IMPORTANT THERE ARE 2 IMPORTANT NEW PROJECTS IN SANTOS:NEW PROJECTS IN SANTOS:

SANTOS WILL DUPLICATESANTOS WILL DUPLICATE ITS ITS OPERATIONAL CAPACITY BETWEEN OPERATIONAL CAPACITY BETWEEN 2012 AND 2014.2012 AND 2014.

THERE ARE STILL “OBSTACLES”, THERE ARE STILL “OBSTACLES”, BUT THEBUT THE DECISION HAS BEEN TAKEN DECISION HAS BEEN TAKEN

AT THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF THE AT THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF THE BRAZILIAN GOVERNMENTBRAZILIAN GOVERNMENT..

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ARTIST´S IMPRESSION OF “TERMINAL PORTUARIO BRASIL” ARTIST´S IMPRESSION OF “TERMINAL PORTUARIO BRASIL” UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN SANTOS / ALAMOA . OPERATIVE 2012 . UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN SANTOS / ALAMOA . OPERATIVE 2012 .

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ARTIST´S – IMPRESSION OF A MUCH BIGGER ARTIST´S – IMPRESSION OF A MUCH BIGGER PROJECT at the other side of the estuary of PROJECT at the other side of the estuary of

Santos for Santos for 2013 / 4 2013 / 4 Embraport– Coimex = D. P. WORLDEmbraport– Coimex = D. P. WORLDIlha Barnabé – BagresIlha Barnabé – Bagres

22

NOTWITHSTANDING THE NOTWITHSTANDING THE CRISISCRISIS AND THE AND THE OPPOSITION OF THE COMPETITORSOPPOSITION OF THE COMPETITORS,, THESE THESE BIG PROJECTS CONTINUE THEIR COURSEBIG PROJECTS CONTINUE THEIR COURSE, ,

ANOTHER BIG PROJECT THAT IS UNDER ANOTHER BIG PROJECT THAT IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION IS THE NEW TERMINAL OFCONSTRUCTION IS THE NEW TERMINAL OF HAMBURG HAMBURG SÜDSÜD IN ITAPOÁ, IN ITAPOÁ, ( BAY OF SAO ( BAY OF SAO FRANCISCO DO SUL ). DEPTHFRANCISCO DO SUL ). DEPTH 15 m15 m . . 20112011

BRAZIL HAS STARTED AN BRAZIL HAS STARTED AN ENORMOUS ENORMOUS PROGRAM OF DREDGING OF ALL ITS PROGRAM OF DREDGING OF ALL ITS PORTS AND SOON DREDGING WILL START PORTS AND SOON DREDGING WILL START IN IN SANTOS TO PERMIT DRAFTS OF 49´ / 55´SANTOS TO PERMIT DRAFTS OF 49´ / 55´

AND WE SAW ALREADY THAT THE AND WE SAW ALREADY THAT THE SHIPPING-CRISIS, SOON MAY PRODUCE SHIPPING-CRISIS, SOON MAY PRODUCE A A FAR - GOING APPLICATIONFAR - GOING APPLICATION OF OF ”ECONOMY OF SCALE” IN THE REGION”ECONOMY OF SCALE” IN THE REGION. . 23

WHAT WILL THE CARRIERS DO WHEN WHAT WILL THE CARRIERS DO WHEN THEY BRING IN BIGGER SHIPS ?THEY BRING IN BIGGER SHIPS ?

IT IS NOT CLEAR, IT IS NOT CLEAR, WHICH DECISION THE WHICH DECISION THE DIFFERENT CARRIERS WILL TAKE INITIALLYDIFFERENT CARRIERS WILL TAKE INITIALLY, , WHEN THEY START TO USE SHIPS OF WHEN THEY START TO USE SHIPS OF 7000 / 8000 7000 / 8000 OR MORE TEU OR MORE TEU . .

THE SEVERE CRISIS HAS CAUSED AN ENORMOUS THE SEVERE CRISIS HAS CAUSED AN ENORMOUS OVER-CAPACITY, WHICH DISTORTSOVER-CAPACITY, WHICH DISTORTS NORMAL NORMAL CALCULATIONS .CALCULATIONS .

SOME (HAMBURG SOME (HAMBURG SÜD SÜD ) MAY DECIDE TO MAINTAIN ) MAY DECIDE TO MAINTAIN THE PRESENT SYSTEM AND NAVIGATE WITH THE PRESENT SYSTEM AND NAVIGATE WITH THESE BIG SHIPS TO MONTEVIDEO OR BS. AIRESTHESE BIG SHIPS TO MONTEVIDEO OR BS. AIRES. . ( HSD UNTIL THEIR ITAPOÀ TERMINAL IS READY IN 2011). ( HSD UNTIL THEIR ITAPOÀ TERMINAL IS READY IN 2011).

OTHERS WILL LOOK FOR OTHERS WILL LOOK FOR GLOBALGLOBAL EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY AND AND START AS SOON AS POSSIBLESTART AS SOON AS POSSIBLE WITH “HUBS & WITH “HUBS & FEEDER-PORTS” IN THE REGIONFEEDER-PORTS” IN THE REGION. THEY WILL . THEY WILL PRESS BRAZIL TO HURRY UP !!!!PRESS BRAZIL TO HURRY UP !!!! 24

WHEN SHIPPING COMES BACK TO A WHEN SHIPPING COMES BACK TO A

NORMAL SITUATION, WHICH IS EXPECTED NORMAL SITUATION, WHICH IS EXPECTED

IN THE SECOND HALF OF 2011, IT IS IN THE SECOND HALF OF 2011, IT IS MORE MORE

THAN LIKELY THAT THE MAJORITY WILL THAN LIKELY THAT THE MAJORITY WILL

DECIDE TO CHOOSE THE SYSTEM OF DECIDE TO CHOOSE THE SYSTEM OF

“HUBS & FEEDER-PORTS”“HUBS & FEEDER-PORTS”..

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THE THE EXPERIENCE IN ALL TRADES IN THE EXPERIENCE IN ALL TRADES IN THE WORLD HAS SHOWN, THAT IN TIMES OFWORLD HAS SHOWN, THAT IN TIMES OF NORMAL OFFER AND DEMANDNORMAL OFFER AND DEMAND,, THE BIG THE BIG SHIPS GO TO FEW, SELECTED PORTS. SHIPS GO TO FEW, SELECTED PORTS.

IN EACH REGION CARRIERS SELECT SOME IN EACH REGION CARRIERS SELECT SOME IMPORTANT PORTS … IMPORTANT PORTS …

THAT WILL BECOME THAT WILL BECOME THEIR HUBSTHEIR HUBS, FROM WHERE , FROM WHERE THEY DISTRIBUTE IMPORTTHEY DISTRIBUTE IMPORT CARGOES TO CARGOES TO SECUNDARY PORTS SECUNDARY PORTS AND VICEVERSA FOR EXPORTSAND VICEVERSA FOR EXPORTS. .

ACCORDING TO INFORMATION OF ACCORDING TO INFORMATION OF UNITEDUNITED NATIONS NATIONS / UNCTAD, / UNCTAD, OF ALL CONTAINERS TRANSPORTED BY OF ALL CONTAINERS TRANSPORTED BY VESSELS IN THE WHOLE WORLD, VESSELS IN THE WHOLE WORLD, ONLY 17% GOES ONLY 17% GOES DIRECTLY BETWEEN TWO PORTS,DIRECTLY BETWEEN TWO PORTS,

62 % UNDERGOES ONE TRANSHIPMENT62 % UNDERGOES ONE TRANSHIPMENT 21 % HAS TWO OR MORE TRANSHIPMENTS.21 % HAS TWO OR MORE TRANSHIPMENTS.

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BUT THIS SYSTEM CAN ONLY FUNCTION, IF THERE BUT THIS SYSTEM CAN ONLY FUNCTION, IF THERE

ARE HUB-PORTS THAT FULFIL CERTAIN ARE HUB-PORTS THAT FULFIL CERTAIN

REQUIEREMENTS, SUCH AS: REQUIEREMENTS, SUCH AS:

SUFFICIENT DRAFT, RELIABILITY, SUFFICIENT SUFFICIENT DRAFT, RELIABILITY, SUFFICIENT

INFRASTRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT TO INFRASTRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT TO

GUARANTEE HIGH SPEED OF OPERATIONS, GUARANTEE HIGH SPEED OF OPERATIONS,

GUARANTEE THAT COLD-CHAINS ARE GUARANTEE THAT COLD-CHAINS ARE

MAINTAINED FOR ALL REEFER-CONTAINERS, MAINTAINED FOR ALL REEFER-CONTAINERS,

LOW TRANSHIPMENT COSTS etc etc.LOW TRANSHIPMENT COSTS etc etc.27

WE NOW COME TO AN IMPORTANT WE NOW COME TO AN IMPORTANT QUESTION : WHICH E.C.S.A.- PORT WILL BE QUESTION : WHICH E.C.S.A.- PORT WILL BE THE PRINCIPAL HUB-PORT FOR MOST THE PRINCIPAL HUB-PORT FOR MOST CARRIERS CARRIERS IN THE NEAR FUTURE ?IN THE NEAR FUTURE ?

JUDGING BY JUDGING BY FUTURE OPERATIONAL CAPACITY,FUTURE OPERATIONAL CAPACITY, ALLOWED DRAFTS,ALLOWED DRAFTS, GEOGRAFICAL POSITION,GEOGRAFICAL POSITION, CARGO VOLUMES,CARGO VOLUMES, FOR MOST IT WILL BE SANTOS.FOR MOST IT WILL BE SANTOS. FOR HAMBURG FOR HAMBURG SÜD IT WILL BE ITAPOÁSÜD IT WILL BE ITAPOÁ BUT FOR THOSE THAT TAKE A LONGER RANGE, BUT FOR THOSE THAT TAKE A LONGER RANGE,

THE PORT OF THE PORT OF SUAPESUAPE SHOULD BE STUDIED SHOULD BE STUDIED. . 28

PORT- SYSTEM OF THE NEAR PORT- SYSTEM OF THE NEAR FUTURE IN THE REGIONFUTURE IN THE REGION::

WE SHALL TAKE A LOOK AT VOLUMES FIRST:

FUTURO SISTEMAFUTURO SISTEMAMARÍTIMOMARÍTIMODE LA REGIONDE LA REGION

(1)

TAKING ONLY TAKING ONLY FULL IMPORTS AND FULL IMPORTS AND EXPORTSEXPORTS, COUNTING ONE MOVE FOR , COUNTING ONE MOVE FOR DISCHARGE OF AN IMPORT-BOX AND DISCHARGE OF AN IMPORT-BOX AND ONE MOVE FOR EACH EXPORT-BOX ONE MOVE FOR EACH EXPORT-BOX (NO TRANSHIPMENTS COUNTED(NO TRANSHIPMENTS COUNTED), THE ), THE FIGURES FOR 2007 SHOW A TOTALFIGURES FOR 2007 SHOW A TOTAL Brasil - Uruguay – Argentina Brasil - Uruguay – Argentina 5.500.000 TEU5.500.000 TEU

(1)Total Full Impo Expo Total Full Impo Expo 2007 2007Brazil - Uruguay - Arg.Brazil - Uruguay - Arg.5.500.000 TEU5.500.000 TEU

(2)OF THIS TOTAL OF THIS TOTAL Rio - Santos - ParanaguaRio - Santos - Paranaguamoved 2.500.000 TEU. moved 2.500.000 TEU. THIS IS +/- 45 %THIS IS +/- 45 %

(1)Total Full ImpoExpo 2007Total Full ImpoExpo 2007Brazil - Uruguay - Arg.Brazil - Uruguay - Arg.5.500.000 TEU5.500.000 TEU

(2) Region Rio - Santos - ParanaguaRegion Rio - Santos - Paranagua2.500.000 TEU = 45 %2.500.000 TEU = 45 %

(3)ArgentinaArgentina1.300.000 TEU 1.300.000 TEU +/ - 25 %+/ - 25 %

FUTURE FUTURE PERMITTED PERMITTEDDRAFTS:DRAFTS:


(2)

(3) ArgentinaArgentina1.300.000 TEU = 25 %1.300.000 TEU = 25 %

(DRAFT 15m)

Region Rio - Santos - ParanaguaRegion Rio - Santos - Paranagua2.500.000 TEU = 45 %2.500.000 TEU = 45 %

FUTURE PERMITTED DRAFTS


(2)

(3)ArgentinaArgentina1.300.000 TEU = 25 %1.300.000 TEU = 25 %

DRAFT 15 m

DRAFT 15 m2011 HSD ITAPOÁNATURAL DEPTH 15 m

Region Rio - Santos - ParanaguaRegion Rio - Santos - Paranagua2.500.000 TEU = 45 %2.500.000 TEU = 45 %Santos 49 pies Santos 49 pies


(2)

(3)ArgentinaArgentina1.300.000 TEU = 25 %1.300.000 TEU = 25 %

DRAFT 15 m/ 49 ´DRAFT 15 m/ 49 ´

DRAFT 15m2010 HSD ITAPOÁ 15 m NATURAL

Region Rio - Santos - ParanaguaRegion Rio - Santos - Paranagua2.500.000 TEU = 45 %2.500.000 TEU = 45 %Santos 49 pies Santos 49 pies

MONTEVIDEO MONTEVIDEO 12 m 12 m 39 ´39 ´BS. AIRES NOW 9.7 m / +- 32´. BS. AIRES NOW 9.7 m / +- 32´. FUTURE 11 m /36´?FUTURE 11 m /36´?LA PLATA does not exist yet/future 36 ´ ?LA PLATA does not exist yet/future 36 ´ ?

RIVER PLATE 32´ / 39´ RIVER PLATE 32´ / 39´

FUTURE DRAFTS

WE SAW THAT THERE ARE NOW SEVERAL SHIPS IN THIS WE SAW THAT THERE ARE NOW SEVERAL SHIPS IN THIS TRADE OF +/- 6000 TEU.TRADE OF +/- 6000 TEU.

THAT NEXT YR (2010) HAMBURG SUED WILL BRING IN THAT NEXT YR (2010) HAMBURG SUED WILL BRING IN VESSELS OF 7000 TEU, VESSELS OF 7000 TEU, ORDERED IN THE HEY-DAYS.ORDERED IN THE HEY-DAYS.

THAT PROBABLY AN OVERFLOW OF VESSELS OF 8000 TEU THAT PROBABLY AN OVERFLOW OF VESSELS OF 8000 TEU OR MORE, SUPERFLUOUS IN EAST-WEST TRADES, WILL SOON OR MORE, SUPERFLUOUS IN EAST-WEST TRADES, WILL SOON COME TO THIS REGION.COME TO THIS REGION.

AND THAT BRAZIL IS PREPARING ITS PORTS TO RESPOND AND THAT BRAZIL IS PREPARING ITS PORTS TO RESPOND TO THE HIGHEST DEMANDS, INORDER TO BE COMPETITIVE TO THE HIGHEST DEMANDS, INORDER TO BE COMPETITIVE IN WORLD MARKETS .IN WORLD MARKETS .

WE DID NOT MENTION HOWEVER A VERY IMPORTANT FACT:WE DID NOT MENTION HOWEVER A VERY IMPORTANT FACT: IN 2003, SIMULATIONS WERE CARRIED OUT IN ONE OF THE IN 2003, SIMULATIONS WERE CARRIED OUT IN ONE OF THE

BEST HYDRAULIC INSTITUTES, THAT SHOW THAT VESSELS BEST HYDRAULIC INSTITUTES, THAT SHOW THAT VESSELS OF 265 m LENGTH CAN SAFELY NAVIGATE TILL TERMINAL OF 265 m LENGTH CAN SAFELY NAVIGATE TILL TERMINAL ZARATE.ZARATE.

SO WHAT WILL THE FUTURE SYSTEM LOOK LIKE ? SO WHAT WILL THE FUTURE SYSTEM LOOK LIKE ?

36

37

(STS 49´)(STS 49´)

FUTURO SISTEMAFUTURO SISTEMAMARÍTIMOMARÍTIMODE LA REGIONDE LA REGION(1)

MARIN / HOLLAND 2003 MARIN / HOLLAND 2003 TERM. ZARATE. 4.500 TEUTERM. ZARATE. 4.500 TEU

DIRECT LINES TO THE RIVER PLATE WITH VESSELS OF 4.500 TEU TO POSSIBLY 6000 TEU (WHICH COME NOW).

POSSIBLY AS THIS DEPENDS ON VOLUME THAT ARGENTINA CAN OFFER AND ON COSTS OF TRANSHIPMENT IN BRAZIL.BUT IT IS MORE THAN LIKELY THAT VESSELS OVER 6000 TEU WILL TURN AROUND IN SANTOS / ITAPOA. TRANSHIPMENTS / FEEDERS.

Barranqueras

FUTURE SYSTEM 2011/ 2014

SIMULATIONSSIMULATIONS

With this With this futurefuture system of regional maritime system of regional maritime transport in mind, that without any doubt transport in mind, that without any doubt will develop in the next few years,will develop in the next few years,

Argentina must try to create its most Argentina must try to create its most efficient supply-chains, which offer the lowest efficient supply-chains, which offer the lowest possible costs frompossible costs from Origin to Destination Origin to Destination..

Correct information should be gathered on Correct information should be gathered on cargo flows, and with maps of River-ports, cargo flows, and with maps of River-ports, Railways and Roads, Railways and Roads, the best supply-chains the best supply-chains should be selected.should be selected.

AND THE LOWEST POSSIBLE COSTS ARE USUALLY AND THE LOWEST POSSIBLE COSTS ARE USUALLY OBTAINED BY MAKING THE BEST USE OF OBTAINED BY MAKING THE BEST USE OF TRANSPORT BY WATER AND/OR RAIL.TRANSPORT BY WATER AND/OR RAIL.

38

/ 30 %

MAPA ARGENTINA

39

MANI

Expo 75% 25 %

EXPO 75 % from the north / 25% from the south. IMPO 70% -30%Argentina is a country with long distances. Port of Buenos Aires. (P.B.A.)CORDOBA - P.B.A 700 kmMENDOZA - P.B.A. 1.000 km N.E.A -P.B.A 1.200 kmN.W.A -P.B.A. 1.600 kmNOW NEARLY ALL CARGOES ARE TRANSPORTED BY TRUCK, WHICH IS UNECONOMICAL. THE COSTS ARE HIGH AND FUEL-CONSUMPTION IS EXCESSIVE . FUEL IS WASTED WITH THESE DISTANCES THE COUNTRY MUST IMPLEMENT INTERMODAL TRANSPORT AND TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE PARANA RIVER AND RAILWAYS.

TRANSPORT POLICIES TRANSPORT POLICIES PROGRESSIVE COUNTRIESPROGRESSIVE COUNTRIES, EVEN WITH , EVEN WITH SHORTSHORT

DISTANCES, HAVE DISTANCES, HAVE INTERMODAL TRANSPORT INTERMODAL TRANSPORT POLICIES AND TRY TO LOWER THE TOTAL POLICIES AND TRY TO LOWER THE TOTAL TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT COSTS ..

THEY MAKE COMPLETE STUDIES AND CONSIDER THEY MAKE COMPLETE STUDIES AND CONSIDER EVERY COMPONENT OF THE COST-STRUCTURE.EVERY COMPONENT OF THE COST-STRUCTURE.

THEY ESTIMATE THE COST THAT EACH THEY ESTIMATE THE COST THAT EACH TRANSPORT -MODE PRODUCES FOR THE TRANSPORT -MODE PRODUCES FOR THE WHOLE COMMUNITY. WHOLE COMMUNITY.

NOT EVERYBODY PAYS WHAT HE USES,NOT EVERYBODY PAYS WHAT HE USES,

AND NOT EVERYBODY AND NOT EVERYBODY USES WHAT HE PAYS FOR USES WHAT HE PAYS FOR BUT INEFFICIENCY IS PAID BY THE WHOLE BUT INEFFICIENCY IS PAID BY THE WHOLE

COMMUNITY !!!!COMMUNITY !!!!40

THESE THESE PROGRESSIVE COUNTRIES PROGRESSIVE COUNTRIES ESTIMATE THE COSTS TO CONSTRUCT ESTIMATE THE COSTS TO CONSTRUCT ROADS, RAILWAYS, ROADS, RAILWAYS, CHANNELS CHANNELS AND TERMINALS, AND TERMINALS,

TAKE VALUES OF TRUCKSTAKE VALUES OF TRUCKS, , LOCOMOTIVES, TRAINS and WAGONS, LOCOMOTIVES, TRAINS and WAGONS, VESSELS, TUGBOATS and BARGES, VESSELS, TUGBOATS and BARGES,

ESTIMATE MAINTENANCE COSTS AND ESTIMATE MAINTENANCE COSTS AND LIFETIME OF EACH ELEMENT, LIFETIME OF EACH ELEMENT,

AFTER THAT THEY CALCULATE COSTS OF AFTER THAT THEY CALCULATE COSTS OF OPERATION: PERSONNEL, TOTAL OPERATION: PERSONNEL, TOTAL HANDLINGS IN THE COMPLETE CHAIN, HANDLINGS IN THE COMPLETE CHAIN,

AND THEY ALSO INCLUDE THE AND THEY ALSO INCLUDE THE “EXTERNAL”“EXTERNAL” COSTS OF EACH COSTS OF EACH MODE MODE::

CONGESTION, ACCIDENTS AND EFFECTS ON THE CONGESTION, ACCIDENTS AND EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT.ENVIRONMENT.

AND WITH ALL THESE DATA THEY DEVELOP AND WITH ALL THESE DATA THEY DEVELOP INTERMODAL TRANSPORT POLICIES INTERMODAL TRANSPORT POLICIES

4141

100 km100 km

camioncamion

GRAPH OF A STUDY IN HOLLAND.GRAPH OF A STUDY IN HOLLAND.

and inland waterways over the railways do it over

268 km*268 km* 200 km *200 km *

WITH THE SAME ENERGY THAT A TRUCK USES TO WITH THE SAME ENERGY THAT A TRUCK USES TO TRANSPORT A CARGO OVER 100 KM:TRANSPORT A CARGO OVER 100 KM:

BIGGER COUNTRIES BIGGER COUNTRIES HAVE BIGGERHAVE BIGGERADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

* INITIAL & INITIAL & FINAL FINAL

TRANSPORT TRANSPORT by TRUCKby TRUCK

HOLLAND IS VERY SMALL

42

WE ALL KNOW THAT INTRINSICALLY TRANSPORT BY WE ALL KNOW THAT INTRINSICALLY TRANSPORT BY WATER IS CHEAPEST, FOLLOWED BY RAIL WATER IS CHEAPEST, FOLLOWED BY RAIL AND AND THAT THESE MODES ARE MORE FUEL-EFFICIENT THAT THESE MODES ARE MORE FUEL-EFFICIENT THAN TRUCKS.THAN TRUCKS.

THEREFORE THE THEREFORE THE GENERAL GOAL GENERAL GOAL SHOULD BE SHOULD BE THAT THAT A VESSEL GOES CLOSEST POSSIBLE TO THE ORIGEN A VESSEL GOES CLOSEST POSSIBLE TO THE ORIGEN OR DESTINATION OF THE CARGO OR DESTINATION OF THE CARGO AND TO THE AND TO THE MAIN MAIN TRACKS OF THE FREIGHT-RAILWAYSTRACKS OF THE FREIGHT-RAILWAYS..

SHIPPERS SHOULD WORK TOGETHER WITH SHIPPERS SHOULD WORK TOGETHER WITH CARRIERS TO WORK OUT THE BEST POSSIBLE CARRIERS TO WORK OUT THE BEST POSSIBLE SUPPLY CHAINS.SUPPLY CHAINS.

CARRIERS NOW HAVE IDLE SHIPS AND ARE CARRIERS NOW HAVE IDLE SHIPS AND ARE INTERESTED TO LISTEN TO NEW IDEAS. INTERESTED TO LISTEN TO NEW IDEAS.

BETTER SUPPLY CHAINS MAKE A COUNTRY MORE BETTER SUPPLY CHAINS MAKE A COUNTRY MORE COMPETITIVE AND A COMPETITIVE COUNTRY COMPETITIVE AND A COMPETITIVE COUNTRY PRODUCES MORE CARGOES.PRODUCES MORE CARGOES.

43

ARGENTINA MUST DEVELOP A REAL ARGENTINA MUST DEVELOP A REAL INTERMODAL TRANSPORT POLICY, NOT INTERMODAL TRANSPORT POLICY, NOT JUST A “SLOGANJUST A “SLOGAN_”_”

THE COUNTRY MUST TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE COUNTRY MUST TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE PARANA-RIVER.THE PARANA-RIVER.

AND MAKE INDEPTH-STUDIES OF HOW AND MAKE INDEPTH-STUDIES OF HOW THE THE PORTS PORTS CAN BE CAN BE INSERTED INSERTED IN THE IN THE INTERMODAL TRANSPORT POLICYINTERMODAL TRANSPORT POLICY. .

THERE ARE THERE ARE SEVERAL EXAMPLES SEVERAL EXAMPLES IN THE IN THE WORLD THAT SHOULD BE STUDIED AND WORLD THAT SHOULD BE STUDIED AND ONE OF THESE IS ONE OF THESE IS THE PORT OF ANTWERP, THE PORT OF ANTWERP, WHICH, AGAINST ALL PREDICTIONS IN THE WHICH, AGAINST ALL PREDICTIONS IN THE PAST, IS GROWING FASTER THAN ITS PAST, IS GROWING FASTER THAN ITS NEIGHBOURS. NEIGHBOURS.

44

ANTWERP IS ANTWERP IS LOCATED INLAND LOCATED INLAND ON THE ON THE RIVER SCHELDTRIVER SCHELDT, , WHICH HAS A WHICH HAS A VERY DIFFICULT BENDVERY DIFFICULT BEND, , ANDAND

IT WAS THOUGHT THAT BECAUSE OF THE IT WAS THOUGHT THAT BECAUSE OF THE STRAIT OF BATH, STRAIT OF BATH, NO BIG NO BIG SHIPS WOULD WISH TO GO TO ANTWERPSHIPS WOULD WISH TO GO TO ANTWERP..

IN THE EARLY NINETIES IN THE EARLY NINETIES IT WAS FORECAST THAT THE IT WAS FORECAST THAT THE PORT OF ANTWERP WOULD SOON DISAPPEARPORT OF ANTWERP WOULD SOON DISAPPEAR AS A AS A PRIMARY PORT FOR CONTAINERSPRIMARY PORT FOR CONTAINERS..

HOWEVER THE GROWTH OF ANTWERP HAS BEEN HIGHER HOWEVER THE GROWTH OF ANTWERP HAS BEEN HIGHER THAN OTHER PORTS OF NORTH EUROPE.THAN OTHER PORTS OF NORTH EUROPE.

WHILE THE GAP WAS VERY BIG IN THE NINETIES, NOW WHILE THE GAP WAS VERY BIG IN THE NINETIES, NOW ANTWERP IS COMING CLOSE TO ROTTERDAM.ANTWERP IS COMING CLOSE TO ROTTERDAM.

ANTWERP OVERCAME THE PROBLEMS, NOT ONLY WITH ANTWERP OVERCAME THE PROBLEMS, NOT ONLY WITH DREDGING OF THE RIVER, BUT BY APPLYING MODERN DREDGING OF THE RIVER, BUT BY APPLYING MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR NAVIGATION AND TRAINING OF PILOTS TECHNOLOGIES FOR NAVIGATION AND TRAINING OF PILOTS / USE OF SIMULATORS. / USE OF SIMULATORS.

THE PORT OF ANTWERP, THE RIVER-PILOTS AND A THE PORT OF ANTWERP, THE RIVER-PILOTS AND A HYDRAULIC INSTITUTE ALL WORKED TOGETHER DURING HYDRAULIC INSTITUTE ALL WORKED TOGETHER DURING SEVERAL YEARS. SEVERAL YEARS.

THESE EFFORTS OF THE PORT OF THESE EFFORTS OF THE PORT OF ANTWERP, HAD THE FULL SUPPORT OF ANTWERP, HAD THE FULL SUPPORT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION.THE EUROPEAN UNION.

VESSELS GOING TO ANTWERP, TAKE VESSELS GOING TO ANTWERP, TAKE TRUCKS AWAY FROM THE MOST TRUCKS AWAY FROM THE MOST CONGESTED REGION OF NORTH EUROPE.CONGESTED REGION OF NORTH EUROPE.

LESS TRUCKS ON THE ROADS, MEANS LESS LESS TRUCKS ON THE ROADS, MEANS LESS DETORIATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT.DETORIATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT.

BECAUSE OF ITS STRATEGIC LOCATION, BECAUSE OF ITS STRATEGIC LOCATION, AND AGAINST ALL FORECASTS OF THE AND AGAINST ALL FORECASTS OF THE NINETIES, ANTWERP NOW RECEIVES NINETIES, ANTWERP NOW RECEIVES VESSELS OF NEARLY 14.000 TEU !!!VESSELS OF NEARLY 14.000 TEU !!!

ARGENTINA SHOULD STUDY THIS ARGENTINA SHOULD STUDY THIS EXAMPLE.EXAMPLE. 46

A GOOD STUDY WILL PROVE THAT THE COUNTRY A GOOD STUDY WILL PROVE THAT THE COUNTRY SHOULD SHOULD DEVELOP A PORT-SYSTEM THAT SHOULD DEVELOP A PORT-SYSTEM THAT SHOULD SPAN FROM SPAN FROM LA PLATA ON THE RIVER PLATE, LA PLATA ON THE RIVER PLATE, TILL BARRANQUERAS ON THE PARANA IN THE TILL BARRANQUERAS ON THE PARANA IN THE NORTH OF THE COUNTRY.NORTH OF THE COUNTRY.

LA PLATA LA PLATA : DIRECT LINES: DIRECT LINES B.A. & DOCK SudB.A. & DOCK Sud: DIRECT LINES/ FEEDERS,: DIRECT LINES/ FEEDERS, ZARATEZARATE : DIRECT LINES / FEEDERS, : DIRECT LINES / FEEDERS, PORTS ON THE RIVER PARANÁ FROM PORTS ON THE RIVER PARANÁ FROM

BARRANQUERAS TILL ZARATE FORBARRANQUERAS TILL ZARATE FOR FEEDER- FEEDER-

SERVICES, TAKING THESERVICES, TAKING THE RHINE AS AN EXAMPLE RHINE AS AN EXAMPLE . . IN 2007 A MASTERPLAN WAS ANNOUNCED IN 2007 A MASTERPLAN WAS ANNOUNCED FOR FOR

PORTS AND NAVIGATION OF THE PARANA, PORTS AND NAVIGATION OF THE PARANA, THIS PLAN IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY, BUT SO THIS PLAN IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY, BUT SO

FAR VERY LITTLE HAS BEEN DONE. FAR VERY LITTLE HAS BEEN DONE. IT SHOULD BE COMPLETED SOONEST POSSIBLE. IT SHOULD BE COMPLETED SOONEST POSSIBLE. 47

BUT IN ARGENTINA MOST PEOPLE BELIEVE BUT IN ARGENTINA MOST PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT IT IS ONLY THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THAT IT IS ONLY THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE STATE TO MAKE THIS STUDYTHE STATE TO MAKE THIS STUDY..

IN REALITY THIS IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF IN REALITY THIS IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF ALLALL / SPECIALLY / SPECIALLY SHIPPERS SHOULD PLAY AN SHIPPERS SHOULD PLAY AN IMPORTANTIMPORTANT ROLE !!!! THEY MUST CREATE ROLE !!!! THEY MUST CREATE NEW IDEAS NEW IDEAS WITH EFFICIENT SUPPLY CHAINS WITH EFFICIENT SUPPLY CHAINS !!!!!!

STATESTATE: THE LEADER OF : THE LEADER OF ECONOMIC STUDIESECONOMIC STUDIES..

MAKE ARRANGEMENTS FOR SAFE MAKE ARRANGEMENTS FOR SAFE NAVIGATION / DREDGING / USE MODERN NAVIGATION / DREDGING / USE MODERN TECHNOLOGIES / ELECTRONIC CHARTS AND TECHNOLOGIES / ELECTRONIC CHARTS AND MAKE SIMULATOR MODELS MAKE SIMULATOR MODELS FOR DIFFICULT PARTSFOR DIFFICULT PARTS..

IMPROVE TRAINING & SELECTION OF PILOTS AND IMPROVE TRAINING & SELECTION OF PILOTS AND COAST-GUARD PERSONNEL / CREATE GOOD VESSEL COAST-GUARD PERSONNEL / CREATE GOOD VESSEL TRAFFIC SYSTEMS.TRAFFIC SYSTEMS.

48

A MAP OF THE RIVER PARANA TILL A MAP OF THE RIVER PARANA TILL

ROSARIO / SANTA FE, WITH ROADS ROSARIO / SANTA FE, WITH ROADS

AND RAILWAYS, AND A FEW AND RAILWAYS, AND A FEW

PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PRINCIPAL PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PRINCIPAL

PORT-AREAS, MAY HELP YOU TO PORT-AREAS, MAY HELP YOU TO

UNDERSTAND THE SITUATION:UNDERSTAND THE SITUATION:

49

MAPA ESC 1:2.500.000

75%

25 %

70

30

34´

TO REACH THE PORT OF BUENOS AIRES,

TRUCKS MUST CROSS.

GREATER BS.AIRES,WHERE 12 MILLION PEOPLE LIVE.

THE 2 FREIGHT - THE 2 FREIGHT - RAILWAYSRAILWAYSN.C.A and A.L.LN.C.A and A.L.L..TOGETHER FORM TOGETHER FORM A A SYSTEM THAT SYSTEM THAT CONNECTS CONNECTS THE THE CENTER, THE NORTH CENTER, THE NORTH AND THE WEST OF THE AND THE WEST OF THE COUNTRY, COUNTRY, WITH THEWITH THE POPORRTS TS OF THE OF THE PPARANA- RIVER, FROM ARANA- RIVER, FROM ROSARIO TO ZARATEROSARIO TO ZARATE

IN RED: THE PASSENGER – IN RED: THE PASSENGER – RAILWAY - SYSTEM THAT RAILWAY - SYSTEM THAT BEGINS AFTER ZARATE . BEGINS AFTER ZARATE . HERE FREIGHT TRAINS HERE FREIGHT TRAINS CAN BE NO LONGER THAN CAN BE NO LONGER THAN 600 METERS AND HAVE A 600 METERS AND HAVE A FEW TIME WINDOWS PER FEW TIME WINDOWS PER DAY FOR CIRCULATION. DAY FOR CIRCULATION.

FREIGHT – RAILWAYS FREIGHT – RAILWAYS AND PASSENGER TRAINS AND PASSENGER TRAINS CANNOT FUNCTION WELL CANNOT FUNCTION WELL ON THE SAME TRACKS.ON THE SAME TRACKS.

Area de Terminales – Cabecera Este (Berisso)

LA PLATA / TECPLATA, :Muelle 827m 42 HECTAREAS CAP. 500.000 TEUs Calado 36 pies Canal 34 pies Apto buques 310 m

52A PROJECT IN LA PLATA WHICH IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY FOR THE FUTURE. NEW ACCESSES CAN ECONOMICALLY BE CREATED.

53

EXOLGANEXOLGAN

A PORT SUFFOCATED BY 12 MILLION PEOPLE.COSTS TO CREATE BETTER ACCESSES ARE EXORBITANT. BUILD AN ALAMEDA CORREDOR LIKE LOS ANGELES / L.B FOR US$ 1.500.000.000 ??? 54

THIS PHOTO OF THE PORT OF BUENOS AIRES SAYS MORE THAN A BOOK :

552001 WHEN CONTAINER-OPERATIONS COMMENCED2001 WHEN CONTAINER-OPERATIONS COMMENCED.

7 KMN.C.AN.C.A.

2 BERTHS 2 CRANES1.000 metres river-front

THE OPEN ACCESSES TO TERMINAL ZARATE

PANAMERICANA HIGHWAY/ FREIGHT-RAILWAYSPANAMERICANA HIGHWAY/ FREIGHT-RAILWAYS

IN 2003/2004 40% OF EXPORTS ARRIVED BY TRAIN IN 2003/2004 40% OF EXPORTS ARRIVED BY TRAIN IN THIS INTERMODAL YARDIN THIS INTERMODAL YARD 56

33 hect.

10.000 m2

2 x2 x650 m650 m

N.C.A.RAILWAY

1 km

2 x2 x550 m550 m

2 tracks x 2 tracks x 1200 m1200 m

148 hect148 hect

TERMINAL ZARATE & TERMINAL ZARATE & 33 HECTARS INTERMODAL 33 HECTARS INTERMODAL YARDYARD

↕

40 Hectars as area for Logistics Activ.

2 cranes2 cranes

PHOTO 2001PHOTO 2001 57

33 hect.33 hect.

10.000 m2

2 x2 x650 m650 m

N.C.A.

1 kmbarancabaranca

2 x2 x550 m550 m

2 x 1200 m2 x 1200 m

148 hect148 hect

THIS THIS INTERMODAL INTERMODAL

YARDYARD PERMITS PERMITS

OPERATIONS OPERATIONS WITH TRAINS WITH TRAINS

OFOF

11001100 m m AND MORE, AND MORE,

WHICH WILL WHICH WILL LOWER LOWER

TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS IN THE COSTS IN THE

FUTURE.FUTURE.

TERMINAL ZARATE WITH INTERMODAL YARDTERMINAL ZARATE WITH INTERMODAL YARD

↕

40 Hectars T.Z.

2 CRANES2 CRANES

O ministro-chefe da Secretaria Especial de Portos (SEP), Pedro Brito, visitando as obras do Porto de Itapoá 23.07.0923.07.09

Balau

THE WAY IT IS DONE IN BRAZIL: A SPECIAL MINISTER FOR PORTS !!!!

WHO TALKS DAYLYWITH THE PRESIDENT.

T.Z. :PRESENT / FUTURET.Z. :PRESENT / FUTURE GRIMALDI GRIMALDI MIXT SERV. cars/cont. MIXT SERV. cars/cont. N. EUROPAN. EUROPA MSC MSC FEEDERS 1.300 TEU FEEDERS 1.300 TEU ALL DESTINATIONSALL DESTINATIONS TRANSHIPMENT IN BRAZIL.TRANSHIPMENT IN BRAZIL. MAERSK MAERSK FEEDERS 880 TEU FEEDERS 880 TEU MONTEVIDEO MONTEVIDEO ALL ALL

DESTINATIONS WITH TRANSHIPMENTDESTINATIONS WITH TRANSHIPMENT V.S.A. V.S.A. MAERSK / CMA-CGMMAERSK / CMA-CGM. . CARRIB./ COLOMBIACARRIB./ COLOMBIA

WITH VESSELS OF WITH VESSELS OF 2.800 – 3000 TEU 2.800 – 3000 TEU

ACCEPTINGACCEPTING ALL DESTINATIONS, WITH TRANSHIPMENT ALL DESTINATIONS, WITH TRANSHIPMENT IN MONTE or BRAZIL IN MONTE or BRAZIL

LOG-INLOG-IN FULL-CONTAINER FULL-CONTAINER BRAZILBRAZIL T.Z. CAN PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE T.Z. CAN PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE FUTURE IN THE FUTURE

PORT-SYSTEM OF THE COUNTRY AND CAN OFFER PORT-SYSTEM OF THE COUNTRY AND CAN OFFER EFFICIENT SUPPLY-CHAINS EFFICIENT SUPPLY-CHAINS FOR OUR FOREIGN TRADE. FOR OUR FOREIGN TRADE. ALL DEPENDS ON THE DECISIONS THE GOVT. WILL ALL DEPENDS ON THE DECISIONS THE GOVT. WILL TAKE IN ITS TAKE IN ITS TRANSPORT-POLICIES, TRANSPORT-POLICIES, WHICH SO FAR HAVE WHICH SO FAR HAVE BEEN BEEN NONEXISTENTNONEXISTENT..

THANKSTHANKSFOR YR ATTENTION. FOR YR ATTENTION.

MORE DETAILS IN MORE DETAILS IN

WWW.AZUIDWIJK.COM.ARWWW.AZUIDWIJK.COM.AR

60

1 RETHINKING MARITIME TRANSPORT AND SUPPLY CHAINS IN THE REGION. CONTAINER- LINES E. C. S. A. ADAPTED VERSION OF A PRESENTATION IN THE TERMINAL OPERATORS.

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