1 Reflection from Asia and the Pacific Perspectives: Overall Status, Opportunities, and How-to Inform Lee, Jeong Taik, Ph. D Lee, Jeong Taik, Ph. D Senior.

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Reflection from Reflection from Asia and Asia and the the

Pacific Perspectives: Overall Pacific Perspectives: Overall

Status, Opportunities, and How-to Status, Opportunities, and How-to

InformInform Lee, Jeong Taik, Ph. DLee, Jeong Taik, Ph. D

Senior Research FellowSenior Research Fellow

Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and TrainingKorea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training [email protected]@krivet.re.kr

OECD/Canada/Alberta Conference

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. Trends and Policy Issues in Asia

and the Pacific 3. Opportunities for

Research and Collaboration4. How to make future

government /institution actions better

informed?5. Conclusion

Table of Contents

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1) Post-secondary e-learning trisection in Asia1) Post-secondary e-learning trisection in Asia ㆍㆍ the the Pacific.Pacific. 2) Post –secondary e-learning as potential lever for work- 2) Post –secondary e-learning as potential lever for work- transformation in Asiatransformation in Asia ㆍㆍ the Pacific the Pacific 3) Indispensability of collaborative joint work 3) Indispensability of collaborative joint work

ⅠⅠ. INTRODUCTION. INTRODUCTION

saying that future development of e-learning in saying that future development of e-learning in AsiaAsia ㆍㆍ the Pacific depends on international consortia and the Pacific depends on international consortia and partnershippartnership.. (OECD ‘s commitment is a factor)

ⅠⅠ-1. My presentation -1. My presentation covers:covers:

ⅠⅠ- 2. My presentation will focus on:- 2. My presentation will focus on:

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1) My personal observation during 1981-1) My personal observation during 1981-

1982, of Lead Shepherd, Human 1982, of Lead Shepherd, Human

Resources Development Working Group, Resources Development Working Group,

APEC covering 21 Asia Pacific member APEC covering 21 Asia Pacific member

economies. economies.

2) my wide web navigation of 2) my wide web navigation of

www.unescobkk.orgwww.unescobkk.org


ⅠⅠ- 3. My Presentation - 3. My Presentation based on:based on:

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Central/South East and South Pacific Island South Asia Central/South East and South Pacific Island South Asia West-Asia -East Asia Countries West-Asia -East Asia Countries AfghanistanAfghanistan CambodiaCambodia AustraliaAustralia BangladeshBangladesh

UzbekistanUzbekistan Singapore Singapore Solomon IslandsSolomon Islands Sri Lanka Sri Lanka IranIran ChinaChina / Mongolia / Mongolia Cook IslandsCook Islands BhutanBhutan KazakhstanKazakhstan DPR KoreaDPR Korea FijiFiji IndiaIndia KyrgystanKyrgystan IndonesiaIndonesia KiribatiKiribati MaldivesMaldives PakistanPakistan JapanJapan Marshall IslandsMarshall Islands NepalNepal TajikistanTajikistan Lao PDRLao PDR MicronesiaMicronesia TurkmenistanTurkmenistan MalaysiaMalaysia NauruNauru MongoliaMongolia New ZealandNew Zealand Samoa Samoa MyanmarMyanmar NiueNiue PhilippinesPhilippines PalauPalau/ Vanuatu/ Vanuatu Republic of KoreaRepublic of Korea Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea ThailandThailand Timor Leste Timor Leste Viet NamViet Nam Tonga/ Tuvalu, Tonga/ Tuvalu,


ⅠⅠ-- 5.5. List of List of Countries Countries

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Ⅰ-6. Patterns of Participation in Upper Secondary Education

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ⅡⅡ-1. Two -1. Two Observation Points Observation Points

Observation 1Observation 1: PEAP (Post-Secondary e-Learning in : PEAP (Post-Secondary e-Learning in

Asia and the Pacific)-involved policy makers and Asia and the Pacific)-involved policy makers and

administrators, except for those in advanced countries, administrators, except for those in advanced countries,

are still being induced to ensure that a program for are still being induced to ensure that a program for

promoting PEAP be used to extend or replicate the promoting PEAP be used to extend or replicate the

traditional classroom education model, not to traditional classroom education model, not to

transform the instructional system per se. Thus, transform the instructional system per se. Thus,

PEAP is not able to serve as levers for country-wide PEAP is not able to serve as levers for country-wide

and system-wide reform, either to bring in links with and system-wide reform, either to bring in links with

work transformationwork transformation. .

Ⅱ. Trends and Policy Issues in Asia and the Pacific

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Observation 2Observation 2:: 『『 Too often in the Asia-Pacific region, compuToo often in the Asia-Pacific region, computers have been bought en masse for use in education, but ters have been bought en masse for use in education, but are now lying on ministry desks and in school cupboards are now lying on ministry desks and in school cupboards because the reasons for their procurement and plans for tbecause the reasons for their procurement and plans for their ultimate use have not been clearly defined heir ultimate use have not been clearly defined in advanin advancece. In many cases, people traditionally excluded from ed. In many cases, people traditionally excluded from education - for reasons of poverty, gender, minority status, ucation - for reasons of poverty, gender, minority status, or geography - continue to be excluded from the use of Ior geography - continue to be excluded from the use of ICT.CT. 』』

www.unescobkk.org/index.php?id=496.www.unescobkk.org/index.php?id=496.


ⅡⅡ-1. Two Observation Points-1. Two Observation Points

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1. G :Ⅰ1. G :Ⅰ Advanced countries, with links between Post-Advanced countries, with links between Post-Secondary E-learning and worlds of work Secondary E-learning and worlds of work

((Australia, Singapore, S. Korea, New Zealand, Japan)Australia, Singapore, S. Korea, New Zealand, Japan)2. G2. G :Ⅱ:Ⅱ Countries catching up G 1Countries catching up G 1 ((China, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines and India)China, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines and India)3. G : Ⅲ3. G : Ⅲ Beginning countries, with neither enough Beginning countries, with neither enough

resources nor network infrastructure to implement resources nor network infrastructure to implement their policies and work plans, but with burgeoning their policies and work plans, but with burgeoning pilot PEAP case(s) initiated somewherepilot PEAP case(s) initiated somewhere ((Myanmar,Lao PDR, Viet Nam, Cambodia, Maldives, Myanmar,Lao PDR, Viet Nam, Cambodia, Maldives, Bangladesh, Bhutan and the Pacific Islands).Bangladesh, Bhutan and the Pacific Islands).


ⅡⅡ-2. Asia and the Pacific are grouped -2. Asia and the Pacific are grouped into three:into three:

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1. G is now facing challenges such as:Ⅰ1. G is now facing challenges such as:Ⅰ 1) Further progress in synergy effects among technology, 1) Further progress in synergy effects among technology,

human capacity, and human capacity, and self-realization.self-realization. e.g., In systemic linkage among jobs, actione.g., In systemic linkage among jobs, action learning, and communities of practices (CoP).learning, and communities of practices (CoP). 2) Crossing the digital divide (Australia and New 2) Crossing the digital divide (Australia and New Zealand: indigenous and isolated-area people; Zealand: indigenous and isolated-area people; S. Korea and Japan: old and rural people)S. Korea and Japan: old and rural people) 3) High ROI (return on investment).3) High ROI (return on investment). e.g., Philanthropic notion of aid by firms is no e.g., Philanthropic notion of aid by firms is no more valid. Aid becomes now investment!more valid. Aid becomes now investment!


ⅡⅡ-3. Overall Status of -3. Overall Status of GⅠ: GⅠ: High profile in terms of connectivity High profile in terms of connectivity and upgrading among and upgrading among PEAP, ICTs and work transformationPEAP, ICTs and work transformation..

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1. SchoolNets 1. SchoolNets (groupings of schools using ICTs in education, (groupings of schools using ICTs in education, hhttp://www.schoolnetindia.com//, www.worldlinks.org/englttp://www.schoolnetindia.com//, www.worldlinks.org/english/html/philippines.html, www.nectec.or.th/it-projectsish/html/philippines.html, www.nectec.or.th/it-projects/, /, wwww.unesco.org/bangkok/ww.unesco.org/bangkok/ education/ict/unesco_projects/JF education/ict/unesco_projects/JFIT/ICT_Brochure)IT/ICT_Brochure)

are becoming popular in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia anare becoming popular in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and to the lesser extent, the Philippines. Indicators –and perfd to the lesser extent, the Philippines. Indicators –and performance -oriented benchmarking is under poor undertakinormance -oriented benchmarking is under poor undertaking yet.g yet.

2. Strategic approach toward policy alliance-ship is still focuse2. Strategic approach toward policy alliance-ship is still focused on quantitative, rather than qualitative aspects.d on quantitative, rather than qualitative aspects.


ⅡⅡ-4. Overall Status of -4. Overall Status of GGⅡ: PEAP still at early stage. In Malaysia and Ⅱ: PEAP still at early stage. In Malaysia and China,China, efforts to integrate the use of ICT in e-learning. Efforts , though efforts to integrate the use of ICT in e-learning. Efforts , though progressive, have not yet reached the systemic and nationwide progressive, have not yet reached the systemic and nationwide level.level.

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GⅢGⅢ requires intensive external help in policy and master requires intensive external help in policy and master plan development. Lack of motivation and techno-phobia plan development. Lack of motivation and techno-phobia among teachers are still the phenomenon, however. among teachers are still the phenomenon, however. Shortage of trained teachers is now an serious national Shortage of trained teachers is now an serious national issue, too.issue, too.

Language difficulties (most software and contents are in Language difficulties (most software and contents are in English. Thus, lack of local script causing e-learning English. Thus, lack of local script causing e-learning illiteracy, prevalent in Afghanistan, Cambodia, Laos, illiteracy, prevalent in Afghanistan, Cambodia, Laos, Bhutan, Mongolia, etc.) Bhutan, Mongolia, etc.)

Hence, substantially progressive ways toward ICT infra Hence, substantially progressive ways toward ICT infra investment + policy consulting by advanced countries need investment + policy consulting by advanced countries need to be sought, and then procurement of long-term return is to be sought, and then procurement of long-term return is to be made.to be made.


ⅡⅡ-5. Overall Status of -5. Overall Status of GⅢ:GⅢ: ICT infra development is ICT infra development is the top priority.the top priority.

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-My elaboration today is undertaken in terms of -My elaboration today is undertaken in terms of

further study/action areas and joint collaboratiofurther study/action areas and joint collaboration.n.

-Areas will be classified into specific fields and -Areas will be classified into specific fields and subjects.subjects. -Collaboration here is meant by joint works among-Collaboration here is meant by joint works among OECD, UNESCO, and Governments/IndustryOECD, UNESCO, and Governments/Industry /Academia/R+D (Idea here is not on /Academia/R+D (Idea here is not on the consortium itself, but on how)the consortium itself, but on how)

ⅢⅢ. Opportunities for Research and Collaboration. Opportunities for Research and Collaboration

1. Introduction1. Introduction

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-The most overlooked aspect is the question of scop-The most overlooked aspect is the question of scope: realistically what can and what can not be achievee: realistically what can and what can not be achieved is unclear (Australia and Singapore, in particular in d is unclear (Australia and Singapore, in particular in GⅠexcepted)GⅠexcepted)

-There is little alignment b/n ICTs and PEAP (-There is little alignment b/n ICTs and PEAP (Either siEither simply remains an add onmply remains an add on) (GⅠexcepted)) (GⅠexcepted)

-PEAPs (especially in G Ⅱ,Ⅲ), if any, developed by out-PEAPs (especially in G Ⅱ,Ⅲ), if any, developed by outside consultants or individuals/units in the Ministry side consultants or individuals/units in the Ministry of Education, and thus with no stake-holder’s particiof Education, and thus with no stake-holder’s participation. In consequence, urgency of broad consultatiopation. In consequence, urgency of broad consultation and IP ownership become the key for sustaining mn and IP ownership become the key for sustaining momentum.omentum.


2. Further Study/Action Areas2. Further Study/Action Areas

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--Development level varies extremely among G , , . Ⅰ Ⅱ ⅢDevelopment level varies extremely among G , , . Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ This point is not always bad. What I mean is that existence of the This point is not always bad. What I mean is that existence of the variety of approaches leading to pluralism in best practices can variety of approaches leading to pluralism in best practices can minimize adoption cost of the unitary global standard. My point hereminimize adoption cost of the unitary global standard. My point here today is that study/action on best practices are on demand. today is that study/action on best practices are on demand. Let me give you few examples:Let me give you few examples: · Sri Lanka’s strategy is to position the country as a“hub” for ICT · Sri Lanka’s strategy is to position the country as a“hub” for ICT development in South Asia. Here we face huge areas for further ‘go’.development in South Asia. Here we face huge areas for further ‘go’. · Mongolia’s vision is “knowledge-based society” where people upgrade · Mongolia’s vision is “knowledge-based society” where people upgrade all qualities of their lives. Again, huge gap between slogan and reality.all qualities of their lives. Again, huge gap between slogan and reality. · North Korea’s priority is on the training of the gifted students in science. · North Korea’s priority is on the training of the gifted students in science.

Problem is not with existence of those national slogans per se, but with Problem is not with existence of those national slogans per se, but with lack of comprehensive policy framework. International joint efforts tolack of comprehensive policy framework. International joint efforts tocreate momentum by which the recipient countries seek offshore create momentum by which the recipient countries seek offshore consultation, are a must now. We can help them sense ‘now it’s the time.’ consultation, are a must now. We can help them sense ‘now it’s the time.’


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- Examples of Policy Goals mentioned by G , :Ⅱ Ⅲ- Examples of Policy Goals mentioned by G , :Ⅱ Ⅲ ·· Increasing the benefits from IT. Increasing the benefits from IT. ·· Helping people and organizations to adapt to new Helping people and organizations to adapt to new circumstances and providing tools and models to respond circumstances and providing tools and models to respond

rationally to challenges posed by IT. rationally to challenges posed by IT. ·· Improving the quality of services and products. Improving the quality of services and products. ·· Providing information and communication facilities, services Providing information and communication facilities, services

and products.and products. ·· Supporting the concept of lifelong learning. Supporting the concept of lifelong learning. ·· Encouraging innovations in technology development, use of Encouraging innovations in technology development, use of

technology and general work flow.technology and general work flow.Policy goals as such need to be redrafted into tangible ones,Policy goals as such need to be redrafted into tangible ones,and thus, require external consultation again.and thus, require external consultation again.



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- Regarding Policy Prioritization in PEAP, problem is: G (especially Central Asia, the Pacific Islands, Myanmar,Ⅲ Cambodia, and Lao PDR) and G (to some extent) face Ⅱ difficulties with regards to the use of ICTs, in general, and PEAP in particular: no supereminence exists who have capacity to run comprehensive prioritizing strategies because job of prioritization requires two qualification at the same time: power + expertise.

-Nature of teaching qualification in PEAP is different; They need hands on capacity at high-tech solutions, learning options, systemic linkage b/n national visions and on-/off-site teaching solutions. Problem is: they take place simultaneously.

Again our option: Initiatives to be taken by leading intn’l organs including OECD as facilitator and mentor.


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-Regarding PEAP Infrastructure Building, problem is:-Regarding PEAP Infrastructure Building, problem is:

Degree of access to e-learning, level of both internet connectivity Degree of access to e-learning, level of both internet connectivity and electricity installment, and cost of service vary so keenly and electricity installment, and cost of service vary so keenly among G . The phenomenon of PEAP trisection and/or ⅠⅡⅢamong G . The phenomenon of PEAP trisection and/or ⅠⅡⅢdigital divide, both at inter- and intra-national levels, is making digital divide, both at inter- and intra-national levels, is making PEAP development further and further top-priority issue. PEAP development further and further top-priority issue. Requirement is Asia and the Pacific locate right way multi-Requirement is Asia and the Pacific locate right way multi-faceted and balanced policy capacity for infrastructure building.faceted and balanced policy capacity for infrastructure building.

We can develop Asia and the pacific way to securing ROI, We can develop Asia and the pacific way to securing ROI,

development of which awaits now initiatives by OECD.development of which awaits now initiatives by OECD.

2. Further Study/Action 2. Further Study/Action AreasAreas

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-PEAP-related Cases today especially in G , are centered in twⅡ Ⅲ-PEAP-related Cases today especially in G , are centered in twⅡ Ⅲo areas: o areas:

··SchoolNets (groupings of schools using ICTs in education, www.SchoolNets (groupings of schools using ICTs in education, www.schoolnetindia.com, www.worldlinks.org/english/html/ philipschoolnetindia.com, www.worldlinks.org/english/html/ philippines.html, www.nectec.or.th/it-projects/, www.unesco.org/banpines.html, www.nectec.or.th/it-projects/, www.unesco.org/bangkok/education/ict/unesco_projects/JFIT/ICT_Brochure.pdf); gkok/education/ict/unesco_projects/JFIT/ICT_Brochure.pdf);

·O·Only donor-sponsored demonstration projects by donor countries. nly donor-sponsored demonstration projects by donor countries.

Further development in terms of inter-operability and inter-Further development in terms of inter-operability and inter-connectivity required.connectivity required.



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- Thus, improvement of teaching practice is crucial: teachers as k- Thus, improvement of teaching practice is crucial: teachers as key asset need a supportive environment where guidance, incentiey asset need a supportive environment where guidance, incentives, clear policies, and instructional materials are provided timelves, clear policies, and instructional materials are provided timely and appropriately; various types of training , i.e., pre- and/or iy and appropriately; various types of training , i.e., pre- and/or in-service off-site and/or on-site need to be blended with tradition-service off-site and/or on-site need to be blended with traditional (e.g., telephone) or new media. (e.g., webinar) nal (e.g., telephone) or new media. (e.g., webinar)

Challenge is how?Challenge is how?

- The lack of funding and the dearth of trained staff are the key co- The lack of funding and the dearth of trained staff are the key constraints to substantial progress of PEAP in Asia and the Pacific. nstraints to substantial progress of PEAP in Asia and the Pacific. Lack of or poor e-learning phenomenon inherent in the work setLack of or poor e-learning phenomenon inherent in the work setting, and thus losing opportunities for expecting ROI is the main ting, and thus losing opportunities for expecting ROI is the main obstacle against further funding as well as training. obstacle against further funding as well as training.

We must and can tackle this.We must and can tackle this.


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-Phenomenon of “Internet addiction” such as visitin-Phenomenon of “Internet addiction” such as visiting porn-sites, chatting, breaking copyright laws, takig porn-sites, chatting, breaking copyright laws, taking place vehemently even in digitally poor region, ing place vehemently even in digitally poor region, is teaching us that even a perfect infrastructure and es teaching us that even a perfect infrastructure and e-learning literate is not a panacea. Question is -learning literate is not a panacea. Question is how thow to have ICTs assist in social development.o have ICTs assist in social development. One optio One option might be indigenous culture-driven CoP, for whicn might be indigenous culture-driven CoP, for which PEAP software is to be rebuilt with thanks to joint h PEAP software is to be rebuilt with thanks to joint efforts by global ICT standard and local specificity. efforts by global ICT standard and local specificity. Challenge is, again, how?Challenge is, again, how?


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-Urgency of cultivating instructors, administrators and -Urgency of cultivating instructors, administrators and support staff as mentors and facilitators is an obvious need. support staff as mentors and facilitators is an obvious need. Mentoring and facilitating links between PEAP and worlds of Mentoring and facilitating links between PEAP and worlds of work be designed and programmed under the initiatives of work be designed and programmed under the initiatives of OECD.OECD.

Excellence in benchmarking is to be insured. For example, Excellence in benchmarking is to be insured. For example, New Zealand has developed the idea of “cluster schools” New Zealand has developed the idea of “cluster schools” with a “lead” school in each cluster that has the resources to with a “lead” school in each cluster that has the resources to provide training for staff at other schools in the cluster. provide training for staff at other schools in the cluster. Thailand uses the strategy of “peer-to-peer” training, and Thailand uses the strategy of “peer-to-peer” training, and others are accessing online courses. Strategies as such also others are accessing online courses. Strategies as such also contribute to settlement of “just-in-time” delivery. Creating contribute to settlement of “just-in-time” delivery. Creating favorable conditions for ROI, for which ROI guideline to be favorable conditions for ROI, for which ROI guideline to be formulated by OECD teams.formulated by OECD teams.


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-There has been a great deal of discrepancies between policies -There has been a great deal of discrepancies between policies drafted above and actual implementation. Tendency as such drafted above and actual implementation. Tendency as such becomes more manifest as we move from G into G . E-Ⅰ Ⅲbecomes more manifest as we move from G into G . E-Ⅰ ⅢLearning Policies in Asia·Pacific are the areas where OECD Learning Policies in Asia·Pacific are the areas where OECD teams be set up and provide mentoring with policy makers. teams be set up and provide mentoring with policy makers. Study/Action on PEAP requires formation and implementation of Study/Action on PEAP requires formation and implementation of workplace-reform and –driven ones, especially with reference to workplace-reform and –driven ones, especially with reference to the policy goals said above. Furthermore: Options are diverse. the policy goals said above. Furthermore: Options are diverse. Prior thing to do before going further is how to make sure that Prior thing to do before going further is how to make sure that both G and G countries create more favorable milieu where Ⅱ Ⅲboth G and G countries create more favorable milieu where Ⅱ Ⅲpeople are encouraged to locate effective open and distance people are encouraged to locate effective open and distance learning options. Policy designers require adoption of learning options. Policy designers require adoption of architectural tactics toward procurement of such options. architectural tactics toward procurement of such options.


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ⅣⅣ. How to make future Government/Institution actions . How to make future Government/Institution actions better informed?better informed?

-Firstly, OECD takes initiatives in holding workshops with -Firstly, OECD takes initiatives in holding workshops with UNESCO attended by Governments, Industry, and R & D in UNESCO attended by Governments, Industry, and R & D in host countries in Asia and the Pacific.host countries in Asia and the Pacific.-Secondly, Website or Home Page to be set up for coverage of -Secondly, Website or Home Page to be set up for coverage of the following:the following: ·PEAP best practices·PEAP best practices ·A Guide for working together on; mixing/matching radio/TV ·A Guide for working together on; mixing/matching radio/TV with e-learning ways to insure long term ROI development; e-with e-learning ways to insure long term ROI development; e- learning solution for performing e-biz of globally branded learning solution for performing e-biz of globally branded indigenous cultural products.indigenous cultural products.-Thirdly, we shall facilitate Governments in Asia and the Pacific-Thirdly, we shall facilitate Governments in Asia and the Pacific for volunteer-ship to host the Workshop. for volunteer-ship to host the Workshop.

1.How?1.How?

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-Because world is changing quickly. Rapidly changing strea-Because world is changing quickly. Rapidly changing stream of air in international arenas is one example: Take one exm of air in international arenas is one example: Take one example. World Economic Forum, DAVOS. In 1998, one issuample. World Economic Forum, DAVOS. In 1998, one issue was to address basic necessities before connecting poorest e was to address basic necessities before connecting poorest citizens to the Internet, while in 2005, it was, with emergenccitizens to the Internet, while in 2005, it was, with emergence of US$25-priced lop-top, to insure a smooth transfer from e of US$25-priced lop-top, to insure a smooth transfer from currently 12% of the world connected to the Internet into thacurrently 12% of the world connected to the Internet into that of 50% which will be by 2015. In Cambodia, the first Englt of 50% which will be by 2015. In Cambodia, the first English word out of kids is ‘Google.’ In China, 220 million studeish word out of kids is ‘Google.’ In China, 220 million students are awaiting a variety of new digital device. My proposal nts are awaiting a variety of new digital device. My proposal today here will accommodate the interests inherent in the tretoday here will accommodate the interests inherent in the trend. Policy makers in Asia and the Pacific are and should be nd. Policy makers in Asia and the Pacific are and should be able to pick up bench marking capacity throughout the coursable to pick up bench marking capacity throughout the courses of conference as this. es of conference as this.

2. Why I think such clearing house way works?2. Why I think such clearing house way works?

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--Let me introduce one more example for Bench Marking:Let me introduce one more example for Bench Marking:

Korean phenomenon of so called, ‘Digital Kids.’ This Korean phenomenon of so called, ‘Digital Kids.’ This information should be informed of comprehensively: Def; information should be informed of comprehensively: Def; 10~19 aged kids (6.53million, 96% getting access to Internet 10~19 aged kids (6.53million, 96% getting access to Internet more than once per month, 12% running Internet café by more than once per month, 12% running Internet café by themselves) are digital tech-savvy; Also called, ‘cyber new themselves) are digital tech-savvy; Also called, ‘cyber new human’; Korean firms rushing to set Team on Digital Kids; human’; Korean firms rushing to set Team on Digital Kids; One tentative conclusion; only comprehensive knowledge of One tentative conclusion; only comprehensive knowledge of their unique e-learning culture leads to good business in IT their unique e-learning culture leads to good business in IT products.products.

Bench marking point here is; In Korea, super high way broad Bench marking point here is; In Korea, super high way broad band and five work-week day system, and universal nature of band and five work-week day system, and universal nature of ‘Digital Kids’ go together whereas G and don’t; Ⅱ Ⅲ‘Digital Kids’ go together whereas G and don’t; Ⅱ Ⅲ We’ve got We’ve got to locate G ’s and ‘s versions, rather than simply Ⅱ Ⅲto locate G ’s and ‘s versions, rather than simply Ⅱ Ⅲduplicating the ‘Made in Korea’.duplicating the ‘Made in Korea’.

2. Why I think such clearing house 2. Why I think such clearing house way works?way works?

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- The job of excellence in bench marking in Asia and the Pacifi- The job of excellence in bench marking in Asia and the Pacific requires substantial progress in coordination as well as cooc requires substantial progress in coordination as well as cooperation between host government and OECD. Only a systeperation between host government and OECD. Only a systematic approach can ensure that educational goals are met nicmatic approach can ensure that educational goals are met nicely. A strategy to insure inter-operability, delivery to every cely. A strategy to insure inter-operability, delivery to every corner society, and orner society, and raising high-ranked government officialraising high-ranked government officials’ faces’ face is needed in order to reach those who have been hard is needed in order to reach those who have been hard to reach so far and educate them in an effective way. The teato reach so far and educate them in an effective way. The team should design quantifiable, measurable, and realistic objecm should design quantifiable, measurable, and realistic objectives which are set to meet the overall goals; with formulated tives which are set to meet the overall goals; with formulated platform, the outcome should become measurable and thus pplatform, the outcome should become measurable and thus people involved can get a clearer picture of which steps to takeople involved can get a clearer picture of which steps to take for what reasons. The bench marking job as such in Asia ane for what reasons. The bench marking job as such in Asia and the Pacific is highly possible because the overall milieu thed the Pacific is highly possible because the overall milieu therere wants it.wants it.


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-- Other promising areas for the bench marking jobs:Other promising areas for the bench marking jobs:

Transforming existing instructors into Mentors in theTransforming existing instructors into Mentors in the

fields such as; e-learning contents development with fields such as; e-learning contents development with

specific reference to how to teach subject area-relatedspecific reference to how to teach subject area-related

world of work; development of manual; development world of work; development of manual; development

of work-shop and incentive system; How to transplant of work-shop and incentive system; How to transplant

existing successful National Qualification System into existing successful National Qualification System into

host countries by fitting the model into own specificity;host countries by fitting the model into own specificity; Developing Prototype of PEAP-Work Link on which e- Developing Prototype of PEAP-Work Link on which e- learning teaching manual in the specific field is based. learning teaching manual in the specific field is based.


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-One last point before moving to concluding part-One last point before moving to concluding part: :

Very recently, Sun Microsystems, Intel, and others Very recently, Sun Microsystems, Intel, and others multinational corporations rushing to volunteer to donatemultinational corporations rushing to volunteer to donate millions dollar equipment and tools for e-learning inmillions dollar equipment and tools for e-learning in countries like S. Korea. Question is Why? The answer iscountries like S. Korea. Question is Why? The answer is clear: Since they are confident in ROI there. Such clear: Since they are confident in ROI there. Such confidence only comes from successful development of confidence only comes from successful development of PEAP infrastructure. Infra building up requires jointPEAP infrastructure. Infra building up requires joint work among Government, Industry, and R&D, success work among Government, Industry, and R&D, success of which again depends on internationally leading of which again depends on internationally leading organization’s initiatives. organization’s initiatives.


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To have my suggestions elaborated on here adopted by policy To have my suggestions elaborated on here adopted by policy makers in Asia and the Pacific, following three conditions be met:makers in Asia and the Pacific, following three conditions be met:

11stst Condition: existence of many PEAP activities. Condition: existence of many PEAP activities.22ndnd : Undertaking of performance funding mechanisms. : Undertaking of performance funding mechanisms. -Rewarding local institutions for actual performance.-Rewarding local institutions for actual performance. -Linking funding to the quality of outputs than inputs.-Linking funding to the quality of outputs than inputs. -Using performance indicators that reflect public policy -Using performance indicators that reflect public policy objectives rather than institutional needs.objectives rather than institutional needs. -Designing incentives for institutional improvement.-Designing incentives for institutional improvement.33rdrd: The joint work should highlight;: The joint work should highlight; - mixing/matching radio/TV with e-learning; - mixing/matching radio/TV with e-learning; -ways to insure long term ROI;-ways to insure long term ROI; -developing e-learning solution for performing e-biz of globally -developing e-learning solution for performing e-biz of globally branded indigenous cultural products.branded indigenous cultural products.

ⅤⅤ. Conclusion. Conclusion

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Thank YouThank You

1 Reflection from Asia and the Pacific Perspectives: Overall Status, Opportunities, and How-to Inform Lee, Jeong Taik, Ph. D Lee, Jeong Taik, Ph. D Senior.

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