1. R. Brown, 1840’s, showed the existence of the nucleus or “brain of the cell” 2. W. Fleming and E. Strasburger 1860’s, dark staining threads appeared to “dance” in nucleus before new cells formed, outlined the steps of mitosis 3. A. Weismann in 1887 proposed meiosis for sex cells A. History I. Introductio n Cell Reproduction
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1. R. Brown, 1840’s, showed the existence of the nucleus or “brain of the cell” 2. W. Fleming and E. Strasburger 1860’s, dark staining threads appeared.
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1. R. Brown, 1840’s, showed the existence of the nucleus or “brain of the cell”
2. W. Fleming and E. Strasburger 1860’s, dark staining threads appeared to “dance” in nucleus before new cells formed, outlined the steps of mitosis3. A. Weismann in 1887 proposed meiosis for sex cells
A. HistoryI. Introduction
Cell Reproduction
1. Binary Fission
or by 2. Endospore Formation
Figure 12.12
Figure 27.5
A. Prokaryotes
II. Strategies
1. Asexual by mitosis
a. Animals
Advantage Disadvantage
i. Fission
B. Eukaryotes
ii. Budding
Figure 13.2
Figure 46.2
iii. Fragmenting
b. Plants do runners, budding, or spore formationc. Fungi do budding or spore formationd. Protists are just weird
2. Sexual by meiosisAdvantage Disadvantage
a. Plants = Alternation of Generation
Figure 29.3
b. Fungi same strategy as plantsc. Protists again weirdd. Animals
i. Parthenogenesis
ii. Simultaneous Hermaphrodite
Figure 46.5
iii. Sequential Hermaphrodite
iv. Monoecious
vs. Dioecious
v. Polygyny vs. Polyandry
Figure 12.6
1. Interphase
a. Gap1
(G1)b. S c. Gap2
(G2)
A. Definition
B. Stages
2. Divisiona. Mitosis or Meiosis
b. Cytokinesis
III. Cell Cycle
What could be a signal?
1. External
a. Hormones
Figure 12.19
C. Controls
b. Contact Inhibition
Figure 12.19
2. Internal
Figure 12.15
a. Biological Clock
b. Cyclin & Kinases
Figure 12.16
1. Classificationa. Benign
Figure 12.20
b. Malignant
c. Metastatic
D. Cancer
2. Types a. omasOral Squamous
cellMelanoma
Glioma
1. Prophase
a. Condense ChromosomesFigure 12.4 &
5
A. Definition
B. PhasesFigure 12.7
c. Build Spindle Fibersb. Dismantle Nuclear Membrane