1 Properties of matter 2 General Properties of Matter u Matter is anything that has mass and volume u Everything is made of matter.

1

Properties of matterProperties of matter

2

General Properties of General Properties of MatterMatter

Matter is anything that has mass and volume

Everything is made of matter

3

What are properties?What are properties?

Characteristics used to describe an object

Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture,hardness

video

4

General Properties of General Properties of mattermatter

Mass, weight, volume, and density

Properties are used to identify a substance

5

What is mass?What is mass?

Mass is the amount of matter in an object

Mass is constant Mass is also the measure of inertia

6

What is inertia?What is inertia? Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes in its motion

The more mass the greater the inertia

7

QuestionsQuestions

How is mass related to inertia?

Why are properties of an object important?

9

QuestionQuestion

Which object has more inertia, an empty wagon or one loaded with rocks? Why?

10

QuestionQuestion

What does a seatbelt do for a passenger when a car stops suddenly?

11

QuestionQuestion

Why would the passenger move forward without the restraining force of the belt?

12

QuestionQuestion

What would stop a passenger if the seatbelt were not in place?

13

QuestionQuestion

What other safety features are present in a car in response to a person’s inertia in a moving vehicle?

14

WeightWeight The measure of the force of

gravity on the mass of an object

Weight changes with gravity

The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N)

15

Weight formulaWeight formula 1 kg = 2.2 pounds Weight is mass times gravity (9.8

m/s2) W= m x g What is your mass? What is your weight in Newtons?

16

What is gravity?What is gravity? The force of attraction

between objects is gravity All objects exert a

gravitational force on each other

17

QuestionQuestion Why can’t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same way you are pulled toward Earth?

18

Gravitational pullGravitational pull

The greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force

19

QuestionQuestion

Why can’t we feel the pull of gravity from Jupiter even though it is so massive?

20

What affects gravity?What affects gravity? The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases

gravity depends on mass and distance

21

GravityGravity

The further an object is from the center of the earth, the less the object will weigh

22

QuestionQuestion

Would you weigh less, more, or the same on top of Mount Everest?

23

QuestionQuestion

The moon is smaller than the earth. How would your weight be different on the moon?

24

QuestionsQuestions

What are three properties of matter related to mass?

25

QuestionQuestion

What is density and how is it calculated?

26

DensityDensity The density of water is 1.0 g/ml

Objects with densities greater than 1.0 will sink in water

27

DensityDensity

Objects with densities less than 1.0 g/ml will float on water

28

IceIce Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water

Ice mostly remains underwater with only a portion of it being exposed

29

Astronomy fact!Astronomy fact! The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1.0 g/ml. If there was an ocean big enough to hold it, it would float!

30

CalculationsCalculations

If 96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density of gold?

31

CalculationCalculation

If 96.5 g of aluminum has a volume of 35 cm3, what is the density of aluminum?

32

CalculationCalculation If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g/cm3, what would be the mass of a diamond whose volume is 0.5 cm3?

33

What is specific gravity?What is specific gravity?

A comparison of the density of a substance and the density of water is specific gravity

34

QuestionsQuestions

How is density different from specific gravity?

35

What is a physical What is a physical property?property?

Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

36

Phases of matter Phases of matter

(video)(video) Four phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma

solids have a definite shape and volume

37

Solid particle Solid particle arrangement arrangement

Solids are tightly packed and the particles vibrate

Two types of solids are crystalline and amorphous

38

Types of solidsTypes of solids Crystalline solids are arranged in repeating patterns called crystals (salt, sugar)

Amorphous solids can lose their shape

39

Examples of amorphous Examples of amorphous solidssolids

Tar, candle wax, glass Shape changes under certain conditions (differences in temperature)

40

Liquid particle Liquid particle arrangementarrangement

Liquids have particles that are close together, but are free to move

41

QuestionQuestion

Describe the shape of a liquid.

42

Describe a liquidDescribe a liquid

Liquids do not have a definite shape, but they have a definite volume

43

QuestionQuestion

What happens when one-liter of soda is poured into a four-liter container?

44

Properties of liquidsProperties of liquids Liquids do not expand to fill the volume of a container

Liquids are characterized by their ability to flow

45

What is viscosity?What is viscosity? The resistance of a liquid to

flow The difficulty of a liquid to

flow easily Honey, motor oil, corn

syrup have a high viscosity

46

Behavior of liquidsBehavior of liquids

Cohesion is the force of attraction between LIKE particles

Adhesion is the force of attraction between UNLIKE particles

47

Surface tension (video)Surface tension (video)

Tendency of particles to pull together at the surface of a liquid due to cohesion

48

QuestionQuestion

Describe the viscosity of a liquid.

Describe a liquid’s shape.

49

QuestionsQuestions

How is adhesion different from cohesion?

Explain surface tension.

50

Properties of gasesProperties of gases Gases do not have a definite shape or volume (video)

They fill all the available space in a container

51

Kinetic Molecular Kinetic Molecular Theory of MatterTheory of Matter

Matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion

52

QuestionQuestion

How are solids, liquids, and gases different from one another?

53

Gas lawsGas laws

Boyle’s and Charles’ law describe the behavior of gases with changes in temperature, pressure, and volume

54

Charles LawCharles Law

Charles’ law describes a relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas (constant pressure)

55

Charles’ LawCharles’ Law

As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of a gas increases

Heating air causes it to expand

56

QuestionQuestion

How can you explain the fact that gas particles expand to fill space?

57

PressurePressure

The force that particles of a substance (gas/liquid) will apply over a certain area

58

Boyle’s LawBoyle’s Law

Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases (constant temperature)

59

Boyle’s lawBoyle’s law If the volume of a gas decreases, then the pressure of a gas increases (Boyle’s law)

The smaller the space a gas occupies, the more pressure

60

PlasmaPlasma

Plasma (phase) most common phase in the

universe, dangerous, very high energy (found in stars)

61

QuestionQuestion

What are the four phases of matter?

Describe the plasma phase of matter.

62

Phase changes (video)Phase changes (video)

Phase changes in matter are melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation

63

What is a physical What is a physical change?change? Physical changes involve

the changing of physical properties

Type of matter remains the same

64

QuestionsQuestions

Describe each of the five phase changes (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation).

65

Physical changesPhysical changes

Changing color, shape, phase, texture, hardness, odor would be a physical change

66

Melting Melting videovideoPhase change from a solid to a liquid

67

Melting pointMelting point

Temperature in which a solid changes to a liquid

Physical property

68

QuestionsQuestions

How is melting different from freezing?

69

Phase changes (video) Phase changes (video) Involve a change in

volume, but mass remains constant

Adding or removing energy from matter results in phase changes

70

VaporizationVaporization

Phase change from a liquid to a gas

71

Boiling point (video)Boiling point (video) The temperature in which a

liquid boils Point at which a liquid

changes to a gas

72

Freezing (video)Freezing (video)Phase change of a liquid to a solid

The temperature in which this occurs is the freezing point

73

CondensationCondensation Condensation is the phase change from a gas to a liquid

Sublimation is a phase change from solid to a gas

74

QuestionQuestion

Describe a difference between condensation and vaporization.

75

Sublimation examplesSublimation examples

Dry ice and iodine are examples solids that undergo sublimation

76

Chemical propertiesChemical properties Describe how a substance changes into new substances are chemical properties

Ex: flammability

77

Chemical changesChemical changes The change of a substance

into a new and different substance

Also known as a chemical reaction

video

78

QuestionsQuestions

What is another name for a chemical change?

Describe sublimation. How is a chemical change

different from a physical change?