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*Project Cycle ManagementA logical sequence in which the
projects are identified, prepared, approved and implemented is
called project cycle.
It is an approach in project management used to guide management
activities and decision-making procedures during the life-cycle of
a project, from the first idea until the last ex-post
evaluation.
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Project Cycle Management Within all institutions the cycle
shares three common themes:The cycle defines the key decisions,
information requirements and responsibilities at each phase;The
phases in the cycle are progressive each phase needs to be
completed for the next to be tackled with success.The cycle draws
on evaluation to build experience from existing projects into the
design of future projects.
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Stages in PCMThere are eight broad stages of project cycle:
Project IdentificationProject PreparationProject
AppraisalProject ApprovalProject ImplementationProject
MonitoringProject CompletionProject Evaluation
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*Project
CycleIdentificationPreparationApprovalImplementationMonitoringEvaluationCompletion
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Project Cycle*
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Project IdentificationTo determine demand for projects from
communities or stakeholders perspective, three key elements are
involved;
Needs Analysis;Situation Analysis; and Stakeholders
Analysis.*
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*Project IdentificationAt the public sector level the following
provides the basis for project identification;
Sector Surveys;Development PlansImmediate Nature/Calamity
ProjectsExpansion of On-going Programmes;Elected
Representatives
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*Project Formulation Projects are usually prepared by the
executing agencies and it consists of two stages:Feasibility
StudyProject Document
Important Considerations:Survey of the areaAvailability of
resourcesYearly allocationCapacity of Implementing agency
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*Project AppraisalCritical examination of the project from all
aspects is called appraisal.
Analysis of prospective costs and benefits that leads to
desirability for committing resources.
It is carried out at two stages:Internal AppraisalExternal
Appraisal
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Development ForumsNational Economic Council (NEC)Executive
Committee of National Economic Council (ECNEC)Central Development
Working Party (CDWP)Provincial Development Working Party
(PDWP)Departmental Development Working Party (DDWP)District
Development Committee (DDC)
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APPROVAL FORUMS SETTLED AREAS Projects Exceeding Rs 1000 MAll
Development Plans & Planning Policies
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*Project ImplementationProject implementation entails intense
activities and a variety of physical work.
Implementation of activities and financial management should be
undertaken in accordance with all the established guidelines,
procedures and regulations guiding the project.
Implementation of the project is the responsibility of executing
agencies through;Departmental/Organization StaffProject Staff
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*Project Monitoring It is the systematic review of development
projects at appropriate intervals during implementation through
well defined indicators.Benefits of MonitoringEffective
ImplementationTimely CompletionCompletion within approved cost
Types of MonitoringFinancial MonitoringPhysical/Quantitative
MonitoringQualitative Monitoring
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*Project MonitoringLevels of MonitoringInternal
MonitoringExternal Monitoring
Key Monitoring IndicatorsAllocation of FundsRelease of FundsTime
SchedulingTechnical ParametersPhysical Progress
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*Project CompletionIt is a report submitted immediately after
the completion of the project. Major emphasis of the report is on
the following:
Achievements against Targets/Results of the project;Actual
expenses vs. budgeted for the project;Reasons for:Under achievement
if the desired targets are not achieved;Delay if the project is not
completed within stipulated time.
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*Project Evaluation Project evaluation examines all aspects of
the project design and assess the overall progress towards the
ultimate objectives.
Types of EvaluationEx-Ante EvaluationMid Term EvaluationEx-Post
project completion evaluation
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*Monitoring vs Evaluation
MonitoringEvaluationWho?Internal management responsibility all
levelsUsually incorporates external inputsWhen?OngoingPeriodic
mid-term, completion, ex-postWhy?Check progress, take remedial
action, update plansLearn broad lessons applicable to other
programs/projects, policy review, etcFocus onInputs, activities,
outputsResults, purpose, overall objective
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Monitoring vs Evaluation*MonitoringRoutine collection of
informationTracking implementation progressMeasuring efficiency
Is the project doing things right ?EvaluationAnalyzing
informationEx-post assessment of effectiveness and impactConfirming
project expectationsMeasuring impacts
Has the project done the right things?
*The power of Provincial Development Working Parties (PDWP) were
enhanced to sanction development schemes, costing upto Rs. 5000 m,
for projects other than irrigation sector, provided no federal
funding or external financing was involved in the cost of the
project