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Johannes Gutenberg invention of movable type around 1450.
Computer technology and desktop publishing allows unprecedented access to printing.
This lesson focuses on the use of fonts for information. There are different concerns when type is used for design.
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Basic Definitions
Typeface: The set of characters including uppercase and lowercase alphabetical characters, numbers, punctuation, and special characters. A single typeface contains many fonts, at different sizes and styles.
Font: A set of characters in a specific typeface, at a specific point size, and in a specific style. "12-point Times Bold" is a font — the typeface Times, at 12-point size, in the bold style.
Kerning: Space between two letters. Software usually automatically adjusts kerning now. Kerning must be reduced for some letter combinations (Ta, Ye, AV).
Tracking: Space uniformly between all characters in a line. (E x a m p l e)
Leading: Space between lines of type, traditionally measured baseline-to-baseline, in points.
Alignment Mistakes Orphans: The first line of a paragraph separated from
the rest of the paragraph by a column or page break. Widows: Short last lines of paragraphs, usually
unacceptable when separated from the rest of the paragraph by a column break, always unacceptable when separated by a page break.
Rivers: Spaces between words that create irregular lines of white space in body type, particularly occurs when the lines of type have been set with excessive word spacing.
Justification: Although in special situations, right justified, centered, and right-and-left justified are acceptable, they are usually difficult to read.
Text justified on both the left and right sides often causes rivers and unusual spacing problems.
Right justified type should be used in special cases and is the hardest to read.
For body text, use left justified / ragged right justification in most situations.