1 Planning for Success in Transformation and the Future Curtis Bowling Director, Environmental Readiness & Safety ODUSD(I&E) 12 th Annual EUCOM Partnership.

1

Planning for Success in Transformation and the

Future

Curtis BowlingDirector, Environmental Readiness &

SafetyODUSD(I&E)

12th Annual EUCOM Partnership for Peace Environmental Conference

Bucharest, Romania31 May 2004

17 March 2003 2

U.S. Defense Posture: Cold War (1985)

> 15,000 Personnel

LEGENDEurope: 358,000 personnel

East Asia: 125,000 personnel

• Legacy from the end of 20th century wars • Forces were located and equipped to fight where they were based.

> 5,000 Personnel

> 25,000 Personnel

> 100,000 Personnel

Persian Gulf: 9,000 personnel (afloat)

17 March 2003 3

U.S. Defense Posture: Post-Cold War (1995-2002)

> 5,000 Personnel

> 15,000 Personnel

> 25,000 Personnel

LEGEND

Europe: ~118,000 personnel East Asia:

~89,000 personnel

US no longer assumes we know where our forces will have to operate—and no longer

assumes they will fight where they are based.

Persian Gulf: 8,000-25,000 personnel

Force concentrations

17 March 2003 4

Strengthening Global Defense Posture

• Unprecedented destructive power of terrorists and rogue states

• Demonstrated vulnerability of U.S. and allied territories • Proliferation of NBC weapons and missiles• Battle of ideas in the global war on terrorism• Ungoverned areas as breeding grounds for global terrorism• Key states at strategic crossroads• Threats requiring immediate response – often military

Uncertainty and surprise are defining elements of Uncertainty and surprise are defining elements of today’s global strategic environmenttoday’s global strategic environment

17 March 2003 5

Global Defense Posture Strategy

• Expand allied roles, build new partnerships

• Maintain flexibility to contend with uncertainty

• Focus within and across regions

• Develop rapidly deployable capabilities

• Focus on capabilities, not numbers

Global Posture = Presence suitable to each region + Ability to act promptly and globally

17 March 2003 6

Global Basing

• Final Selection of Bases Due Later in 2004

• Move Eastward is Clear

• Capabilities and Structure– Smaller presence– More flexible, faster– Fully deployable– Camp Bondsteel “architecture”

17 March 2003 7

Environmental Role in Basing

• Environment will play a role in All Aspects of New Basing Options– Site selection– Facilities design– Protection of military and local populations

• Inputs from and Interaction with Potential Host Nation Authorities will be Vital

17 March 2003 8

Environmental Challenges

Determine Potential Environmental Threats Prior to Site Selection and/or Usage– Identify and “baseline” environmental conditions at potential

sites– Utilize ESOH information in decision process

Emphasis on Life Cycle Aspects– Force health protection– Understand environmental liability – Address current and potential encroachment– Focus on long-term sustainability

17 March 2003 9

Planning for Success

“If you build it, they will come….”History shows:• Military base attracts development of local economy• Expanded population strains existing infrastructure

– Roads– Utilities– Water/sewage system

Planning to minimize current and future encroachment• Buffer zones• Building restrictions

GOAL: Work together to protect the sustainability of the mission and the local community

17 March 2003 10

ENCROACHMENT PRESSURES

Frequency Management

Galileo

Noise Abatement

ESA and Wildlife Habitat

Natura 2000

Maritime Issues

LFA Sonar

Cultural Sites

Population Encroachment

Ability to Train Air Space

Congestion &Competition

Single European Sky

Reduced Flexibility

Commercial Development

Wilderness Designations

Natura 2000

Air QualityLow Sulfur fuels; ODS

UXO andConstituents

REACH

17 March 2003 11

European Union Effects

• EU Requirements Must be Considered when Deciding on Potential US Bases– Natura 2000– Noise restrictions, etc.

• Challenge of Harmonizing EU and NATO goals • DEFNET: Unofficial, Collaborative Effort among EU

Member States’ Defense Environmental Experts

17 March 2003 12

The Future

Cooperation will Help Protect the Mission, the

Environment, and Ensure the Safety and Health of our

Forces and Local Communities

17 March 2003 13

BACK UP SLIDES

Terminology

17 March 2003 14

Global / Regional Projection Hub

•Forward infrastructure to project forces globally or regionally•Permanently stationed U.S. forces

•Bases located on reliable territory•Families present •Well-protected from WMD, missiles, terrorism

•Usually consists of multiple joint and service bases•Example – Ramstein / Kaiserslautern / Landstuhl complex (Germany)

17 March 2003 15

Main Operating Base• Permanent base with robust infrastructure• Usually single service, may be joint• Supports training, Security Cooperation• Established command and control• Enduring family support facilities• Example – Aviano Air Base (Italy)

17 March 2003 16

Forward Operating Site (FOS)• Rotational use by operational forces• Small permanent presence – support or contractor personnel• Scalable; can support sustained ops• May contain prepositioned equipment• Examples – Singapore, Soto Cano (Honduras)

Cooperative Security Location (CSL)• Austere infrastructure with no permanent party• Exercises and security cooperation activities• May contain prepositioned equipment and/or logistical arrangements (e.g., fuel

contracts)• Possible reliance on contractor support• Examples – Kyrgyzstan, Senegal