1 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. PPE OVERVIEW 2 Personal protective equipment is not a substitute for good engineering, administrative controls, or good.

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

PPE OVERVIEW

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Personal protective equipment is not a substitute for good engineering, administrative controls, or good work practices, but should be used in conjunction with these controls to ensure the safety and health of employees. Personal protective equipment will be provided, used, and maintained when it has been determined that its use is required and that such use will lessen the likelihood of occupational injury and illness.

PPE OVERVIEW

OSHA requires employers to conduct inspections of all workplaces to determine the need for personal protective equipment (PPE) and to help in selecting the proper PPE for each task or job category at the site.

For each work site, a Hazard Assessment Form must be completed which lists the findings of the inspection and the specific protective equipment needed.

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PPE OVERVIEW

Project Managers should conduct a walk-through inspection of each work area to identify sources of hazards.

• impact, • penetration, • compression, • chemical, • heat, • dust, • electrical sources, • and light radiation.

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PPE OVERVIEW

Each inspection documents (using the PPE Hazard Assessment Form)

• the workplace inspected, • the person conducting the inspection, • the work activities, • potential exposures/hazards, • PPE required to protect against the

exposures,• and date of the inspection.

•The document must be signed.5

PPE OVERVIEW

If the hazards can not be removed by engineering or administration controls and PPE has been identified, the project manager will determine:

• Suitability of PPE presently available or• Select new or additional equipment, if

needed.

Recognize the possibility of multiple and simultaneous exposure to a variety of hazards.

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PPE OVERVIEW

Only protective clothing and equipment that meet NIOSH, ANSI or ASTM standards will be procured or accepted for use. New PPE must conform to the following standards:

Eye and Face Protection ANSI Z87.1-2003 Head Protection ANSI Z89.1-2003 Foot Protection ASTM F2413-05

Hand Protection - There are no specific ANSI or ASTM standards for gloves, however, selection must be based on the performance characteristics of the glove in relation to the tasks to be performed.

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PPE OVERVIEW

Once the appropriate PPE has been selected the following actions are taken:

Assure that the PPE properly fits each affected employee.

Communicate selection decisions to each affected employee.

Train and have each affected employee use the proper PPE.

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TRAINING

All Employees who are required to use PPE shall be trained to know at least the following:

When PPE is necessary; What PPE is necessary; How to properly put on, remove, adjust,

and wear PPE; The limitations of the PPE; and The proper care, maintenance, useful

life and disposal of the PPE. 9

• Each affected employee shall demonstrate an understanding of the training as well as the ability to use PPE properly, before being allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE.

• Certification of training for PPE is required by OSHA and shall be completed and documented to verify that each affected employee has received and understood the required PPE training. The documentation must include the name of each employee trained, and the date(s) of training. These records may be kept hard copy or electronic.

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TRAINING

TRAINING

Retraining is required when:

Changes in the workplace render previous training obsolete.

Changes in the types of PPE to be used render previous training obsolete.

Inadequacies in employees’ knowledge or use of assigned PPE indicate that the employee has not retained the requisite understanding or skill.

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PPE FIT AND USE

• PPE that fits poorly will not afford the necessary protection. Continued use of the protective device is more likely if it fits the user comfortably.

• Care should be taken to ensure that the

right size is selected • Adjustments should be made on an

individual basis for a comfortable fit.

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CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE

Cleaning is particularly important for eye and face protection where dirty or fogged lenses could impair vision. PPE should be inspected, cleaned, and maintained at regular intervals so that the PPE provides the requisite protection.

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Personal protective equipment shall not be shared between employees until it has been properly cleaned and sanitized.

It is also important to ensure that contaminated PPE, that cannot be decontaminated, is disposed of in a manner that protects employees from exposure to hazards.

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CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE

Emergency eyewash facilities meeting the requirements of ANSI Z358.1 will be provided in all areas where the eyes of any employee may be exposed to hazardous or corrosive materials. All such emergency facilities will be located where they are easily accessible in an emergency.

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PPE OVERVIEW

General Requirements:

Where falling object hazards are present, hard hats must be worn. Examples include:

• working below other workers who are using tools,

• working below machinery or processes which might cause material or objects to fall; and

• working on or near exposed energized conductors.

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HEAD PROTECTION

General Requirements:

The shell of the protective hat is hard enough to resist the blow and the headband and crown straps keep the shell away from the wearer’s skull.

Protective hats can also protect against electrical shock.

Improper use of head protection devices such as wearing hard hats backwards or over baseball caps jeopardize the protective integrity of the device. 17

HEAD PROTECTION

FOOT PROTECTION

General Requirements:

Safety shoes are required on all job sites.

OSHA Regulations require that foot protection be used whenever it is necessary by reason of hazard of processes or environment which could cause foot injury.

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HAND PROTECTION

General Requirements:

Hand protection is required when employees' hands are exposed to hazards because of:

– Skin exposure to harmful substances; – Severe cuts or lacerations or severe abrasions, – punctures; – chemical burns; – thermal burns; and – harmful temperature extremes.

Caution must be taken when using gloves near moving parts of machinery as there is a danger of the gloves becoming entangled or caught in moving equipment. 19

HAND PROTECTION

Glove selection shall be based on:

• performance characteristics,• conditions, • durations of use, and • hazards present.

The following is a guide to the most common types of protective work gloves and the types of conditions they can guard against:

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TYPES OF PROTECTIVE WORK GLOVES

Disposable Gloves. Light weight plastic, are used to help guard against mild irritants.

Fabric Gloves. Cotton or fabric blends, used to improve grip when slippery objects. They also help insulate hands from mild heat or cold.

Leather Gloves. Used to guard against injuries from sparks or scraping against rough surfaces. They are also used in combination with an insulated liner for protection against electrical hazards.

Metal Mesh Gloves. Used to protect hands form accidental cuts. They are used most commonly by persons working with cutting tools or other sharp instruments.

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PPE OSHA LEVELS OF PROTECTION

OSHA specifies “Levels” of protection based on the POSSIBLE hazards that may be encountered.

The following slides detail each level of protection.

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Level D PPESelected when the type of airborne contaminant is known, its concentration measured and defined, criteria for not using air purifying respirators are met, and when skin and eye exposure to hazardous material is unlikely. Periodic air monitoring must be performed to confirm appropriateness for selecting and maintaining this level of protection

Personal air purifying respirators available nearby (use not required);

Hard hat; Steel toe and shank work boots; Safety glasses; Ear protection (used when appropriate); Gloves, chemical resistant (used when

appropriate); Work gloves if needed; and Long sleeved shirts and work pants.

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Level C PPESelected when the type of airborne contaminant is known, its concentration measured and defined, criteria for use of air purifying respirators are met, and when skin exposure to hazardous material is possible. Periodic air monitoring must be preformed to confirm appropriateness for selecting and maintaining this level of protection.

Full-face air purifying respirator (NIOSH approved);

Chemical resistant clothing (splash suit, Saranax, Tyvek);

Gloves outer, chemical resistant;

Boots, chemical resistant, steel toe and shank;

Boots, chemical resistant (optional); and

Hard hat (optional).

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Level B PPESelected when the highest degree of respiratory, but a lesser degree of skin, eye, and mucous membrane (non

gas/vapor tight) protection is needed.

SCBA or airline respirator equipped with escape cylinder;

Chemical resistant clothing (Neoprene splash suits or Saranex coveralls);

Inner and outer chemical resistant gloves;

Boots, chemical resistant, steel toe and shank; and

Hard hat (optional).

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Level A PPESelected when the highest degree of respiratory, skin, eye, and mucous membrane protection is needed.

Positive pressure (pressure demand) self-contained breathing apparatus (NIOSH approved);

Fully-encapsulating, gas/vapor tight chemical resistant suit;

Gloves, inner, chemical resistant;

Boots, chemical resistant, steel toe and shank; and

Hard hat (optional under liner);

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The question often asked is “what level of protection is needed to approach an unknown substance in order to evaluate it.” You are not removing it or transferring its contents.

Do you agree with OSHA?

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WORK ZONES

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DECONTAMINATION PLAN

Determine the number and layout of decons;

Determine the decon equipment needed;

Determine appropriate decontamination methods;

Establish procedures to prevent contamination of clean areas;

Establish methods and procedures to minimize worker contact with contaminants during removal of personal protective clothing and equipment; and

Establish method for disposing of clothing and equipment that are not decontaminated.

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DECONTAMINATION PLAN

Stress work practices that minimize contact with hazardous substances;

Use remote sampling, handling, and container-opening techniques;

Protect monitoring and sampling instruments by bagging them;

Wear disposable outer garments and use disposable equipment when appropriate;

Cover equipment and tools with a strippable coating which can be removed during decontamination; and

Encase the source of contaminants, e.g.., with plastic sheeting or overpacks.

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PREVENTION OF CONTAMINATION

Removal of Contaminants:

Water rinse, using pressurized or gravity flow;

Scrubbing and scraping, using brushes, scrapers and sprayers;

Chemical leaching and extraction; and

Evaporation/Vaporization;

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DECON METHODS

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Contamination Control Line

Hotline

Estimated boundaryof area with highest contamination

Prevailing wind direction

Command Post

Support Zone

Access control points

Contamination Reduction corridor

Contamination Reduction zone

Exclusion zone

Buried Drums Typical Work Zones