1. People are desperate: Treaty of Versailles: Brutally punishes Germany Demilitarized, pay reparations, territories taken People want a leader who will.

World War II

1. People are desperate:Treaty of Versailles: Brutally punishes Germany

Demilitarized, pay reparations, territories takenPeople want a leader who will stand up for

Germany and make it great againWorldwide Depression: Hits France, Britain and

Germany particularly hardHigh poverty, unemployment, widespread inflation

League of Nations is ineffectiveUS never joinsMembers disobey rules but aren’t punished

Causes of WWII

2. Some totalitarian governments are willing to go to war to solve the people’s problems:

Fascism: Glorifies war, extreme nationalism, the nation is more important than individuals, imperialistic Italian Dictator: Benito Mussolini (1921-1945)Wants to create another Roman Empire

Nazism: Similar to Fascism but also includes severe racism and anti-SemitismGerman Fuhrer: Adolf Hitler (1932-1945)Wants to create the Third Reich: Great German EmpireWants to eliminate all who are not part of the “Aryan

Race”, including Jews, Slavs, homosexuals, handicapped, Communists, gypsies, Muslims, etc.

Causes of WWII

Historians often cite the harshness of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany as a primary cause of the eventual outbreak of World War II. Summarize two provisions of the Treaty of Versailles relating to Germany and discuss how each helped lead to World War II. Write your answer in the (4 points)

Practice Question

US: Most are isolationistNeutrality Acts (1935-1937)

Fear of another war prompts US to make laws to avoid involvement with countries at war

No sale or shipment of arms to belligerent nations

No loans or credits to belligerents (nations at war)

No traveling by US citizens on ships of belligerents

Nonmilitary goods purchased by warring nations are paid in cash and transported by their own ships

= Cash and Carry Principle

US Isolationism and Neutrality

Roosevelt has growing concern about aggressive acts of Japan, Germany and ItalyGermany: Builds military, took Rhineland and annexes

Austria Japan: Took over Manchurian China and Korea Italy: Took over Ethiopia and other areas of North Africa

Responding to Japan’s invasion of China, he proposes that democratic nations join to “quarantine” aggressor nations

League of Nations did nothing: Countries didn’t want another war

Most of US still isolationist, disagrees with speech, so govt continues to avoid involvement

FDR’s Quarantine Speech (1937)

After World War I, the League of Nations was created to help resolve international conflicts before they led to war. What did Japan’s successful invasion of Manchuria in 1931 indicate about the ability of the League of Nations to prevent World War II?

A. The League had little power to stop acts of aggression. B. The League was concerned only with disputes in

Europe. C. The League’s army was unprepared for modern

warfare. D. The League was led by countries with the weakest

military forces.

Practice Question

Japan, Italy and Germany continue to violate the League of Nations and Treaty of VersaillesHitler wants to annex Sudetenland

(Czechoslovakia) League of Nations does not agree with

violations but doesn’t want another world warThe Munich Conference (1938): Britain and

France follow a policy of appeasementPolicy of giving in to the demands of rival power

in order to avoid war=failsAfter, Hitler invades Poland in Sept. 1939,

Britain and France declare war

The Road to War

Britain and France suffered heavily from the worldwide depression. Because of this, when faced with Axis expansion before World War II, these countries were

A. unwilling to take actions that might start another war, called appeasement.

B. prepared to use military intervention wherever necessary.

C. dependent on the United States to intervene in an international crisis.

D. reluctant to call upon the League of Nations to settle disputes.

Practice Question

Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, JapanAllied Powers: Great Britain, France, Soviet Union (1941)1940: Hitler invades Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark,

Luxembourg, then France, all who surrender within a few monthsFree French leave country or operate undergroundFrench Puppet government under German control

Great Britain is alone: Blitz bombing by Germans76 straight days: 60, 000 civilians die, target museums

When Germans can’t beat Brits they break treaty and attack Soviet UnionStalin was a brutal dictator but Allies welcome his help to

winHolocaust: Hitler kills millions in concentration camps

WWII in Europe (1939-1941)

Neutrality Act of 1939: Concerned about German victories, FDR wants to change neutrality lawUS-made war supplies could be sold to

belligerents if cash and carry principle was followed

Destroyers-for-Bases Deal: To helps Brits to defend themselves from submarine attacksUS gives Brits 50 Destroyer ships in exchange for

8 British naval/air bases around the worldLend-Lease Act (1940): FDR persuades

Congress to lend/lease war supplies to Britain to protect democracyUS is not at war, but no longer completely neutralFDR wins unprecedented 3rd term in 1940

US Neutrality and Involvement

The Atlantic CharterSummer 1941: FDR and Churchill meetDiscuss self determination for all nationsAgree not to take territory and to disarm

aggressorsPledge collective security and economic

cooperationDecide to beat Germany first, then Japan

Practice QuestionWhat was the United States foreign policy

during the first part of WWII in 1939-1940?Neutrality which is stay out of war and but

trade with allies.Mobilization which is to get ready for war.Isolationism which means not to be involved

in any foreign problems.Nationalism which is to have pride in your

country.

US Territories in the PacificThe Philippines: Capital-Manila; 131,000 US

and Filipino troopsWake Island: 2500 US troops Guam: 547 MarinesMidway Island

Pearl HarborUS naval base in Oahu, Hawaii (US territory)Japanese want to take out our fleet so we

can’t defend other US bases in the PacificPlan to break off negotiations with US and

then launch surprise attack

December 7th, 1941Japanese attack Pearl Harbor, as well as US

bases in Guam, Midway and the PhilippinesSurprise Attack: Japanese war planes take off

from aircraft carriers to attack Pearl HarborKamikaze pilots dive bomb our ships

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1niwxQgoY&list=PL1B19928C710059FB

“A date that will live in infamy”US: 2400 killed, 1200 wounded, 70 civilians

dead188 aircraft destroyed, 155 others damagedJapanese lose 29 aircraft, but 111 damagedJapanese ultimatum not received until 55

min. after the attack begins-sneak attackYamamoto “I fear we have awakened a

sleeping giant”

AftermathUS Pacific fleet is devastated, except aircraft

carriersSunk 18 ships, including five battleships Need at least six months to rebuild; gives

Japan time to take more Pacific islandsDidn’t bomb our oil storage or US submarines

AftermathDec. 8th: FDR asks Congress to declare war

and has a Fireside Chat to explain it to the people

Dec. 12th: US declares war on JapanGermany declares war on the USJapan takes Guam, Wake, Midway and

PhilippinesAllies: Great Britain, France, Russia and USAxis: Germany, Italy, and Japan

What was the immediate action of the United States in response to the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor?

A. The United States warned the Japanese to stop aggressive actions.

B. The United States entered World War II. C. The United States entered World War I.D. The United States threatened to enter

World War II.

Practice Question

Internment of Japanese AmericansBegins Spring 1942: 120,000 live on west coastAfter attack on Pearl Harbor they’re considered

“disloyal” and possible spiesIt begins with a curfew and boycotting of

Japanese businessesThen forced to pack up belongings in 3 days,

only bring what fits in two suitcasesLeave homes, school and businessesSent to Internment Camps or “Relocation”

CentersHeld under constant supervision and live in

barracks with no heat or a/c

Internment CampsViolation of Civil Liberties justified by “Clear

and Present Danger” and threat to National Security

Korematsu vs. US: Supreme Court defends act as constitutional based on “military necessity”

1943: Allow them to join army; 33,000 serve442nd: most decorated unit in in US history

Legalized racism and violation of Bill of RightsJapanese American Citizens League fights for

compensation after WWII1990: $20,000 in reparations sent to families

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mr97qyKA2s

Practice QuestionDuring World War II, Japanese-Americans

were relocated from their homes on the West Coast of the United States to internment camps in the U.S. interior. This action indicated a widespread fear that Japanese-Americans were

A. a threat to national security. B. members of the Communist Party. C. competitors for jobs in wartime factories. D. immigrating to the United States in large

numbers.

US Mobilizes for WarNew Deal infrastructure and programs allows

for rapid organizationGNP doubles; no more unemploymentOur massive production wins us the warIncomes rise

Farmer’s income triplesUS becomes an “arsenal of democracy”

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=japanese+internment#selItemsPerPage=20&intCurrentPage=0&No=0&N=4294939055%252B4294939062&Ne=&Ntt=japanese%2Binternment&Ns=&Nr=&browseFilter=&indexVersion=&

Ntk=All&Ntx=mode%252Bmatchallpartial

War Production BoardHelps companies transition from peacetime

to wartime productsFeb. 1942: End of car productionFactories converted to produce tanks/planesSoft drink factory-filling shells with explosives

Liberty Ships for CargoNew ships yards race to make ships for US

NavyMake a whole ship in 56 daysPrefabricated parts allow for quick assembly

Women in the Work Force10 million men overseas-need workers 6 million new female workersEarn 60 cents for every $1 a man would makeRosie the Riveter: Do their part, prove ability1942: Women’s Army Corps (WACs)350,000 women serve in non-combat positions

Office of Price AdministrationSet up rationing system to save scarce goods

essential for military useBased on size of family and occupationBooks of coupons to buy goods like meat,

shoes, sugar, butter, coffee and gasLimits on prices, rent, etc. to make things

affordable

The War at Home: War BondsVoluntary loan to the government to pay for

the war effort, get $ back later with interest$20-$1000: Everyone can helpHeroes and celebrities at war bond drivesEx: Bond worth $18.75 will mature in 10

years and be worth $25

Collecting Raw MaterialsWPB organizes drives to collect scrap metal,

rubber, paper, tins cans, and cooking fat to recycle into war goods

Kids search attics, garages and junk yards 5 month long drive at Chicago School collects

36 million pounds of paper (65 lbs. each)People conserve use of gasVictory Garden: Plant own

food to help save for troops-20 million in 1944

Mobilization: Americans UniteSelective Service Act of 1940: Draft men into

armed forcesSegregated Military: Various ethnic groups

still serveAfrican Americans: Millions migrate to north

to join defense industryFair Employment Practices Commission &

Congress on Racial EqualityMore than 1 million serve in armed forces

Minorities in the War300,000 Mexican Americans join armed

forces1943: Anti-Mexican “Zoot Suit” Riots in LA25,000 Native Americans join serviceNavajo Code Talkers serve in the Pacific

400 join Marines to transmit radio message

During WWII the War at Home was crucial. Explain two ways American’s helped the war efforts from home. (2 pts.)

Practice Question

D-Day: Largest land/air/sea offensive in US history

April 12, 1945: FDR has a stroke and dies; the nation mourns and Truman becomes President

April 30th, 1945: Hitler commits suicide in bunker beneath Berlin

Victory in Europe Day- May 8th, 1945: Eisenhower accepts Germany’s unconditional surrender

August 1945: US drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki ending the war with Japan shortly after

Last Days of the War in Europe

End of WWII

Aftermath of WWII55 million people dead worldwide16 million US soldiers serve; 320,000 were killedWhy the Allies won:

Great Leadership: FDR and ChurchillResources: US already had almost everything they

needed for war production and New Deal infrastructure

US has massive production capability and no one bombing our factories

Hitler’s two-front war: It was a mistake to invade USSR

Freedom vs. Fascism? We were fighting for a greater cause; they were fighting for a leader (Hitler/Hirohito)

The Occupation of JapanUS forces under MacArthur’s command will

occupy Japan for 7 years; Hirohito remains EmperorUS writes their Constitution: No military allowedTo this day, they only have a small # of defense

forcesConstitutional monarchy with basic freedoms and

universal suffrageFree market economy: Amazing recovery, embrace

American cultureWar Crimes Trials in Tokyo and NuremburgSplitting of Korea with Soviet Union as we give

back territory taken by the JapaneseUSSR occupies the north (48th parallel) CommunistUS occupies the south, supports Democratic govt