1 of 20 Z. Nikolova, V. Poulkov, G. Iliev, G. Stoyanov NARROWBAND INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION IN MULTIBAND OFDM SYSTEMS Dept. of Telecommunications Technical.

1 of 20

Z. Nikolova, V. Poulkov, G. Iliev, G. Stoyanov

NARROWBAND NARROWBAND

INTERFERENCE INTERFERENCE

CANCELLATION IN CANCELLATION IN

MULTIBAND OFDM SYSTEMSMULTIBAND OFDM SYSTEMS

Dept. of Telecommunications Technical University of Sofia

BULGARIA e-mail: [email protected]

2 of 20

Technology for short range high data rate communications, combining OFDM and frequency hopping.

Occupies a very wide frequency band and low transmission power;

UWB systems are subject to different types of narrowband interferences, which could deteriorate strongly and even block communications;

NBI suppression is of primary importance for these systems.

Multiband OFDM (UWB):

3 of 20

Multiband OFDM

4 of 20

NBI avoidance methods. Based on avoiding the transmission over frequencies with strong narrowband interferers;

Cancellation – suppression methods. Aim at eliminating the effect of NBI on the received UWB signal.

NBI mitigation

5 of 20

How?Via adaptive complex filtering using the LMS algorithm to adapt to the central frequency of the NBI.

Why is possible? Compared with the desired wideband signal the interference occupies a much narrower frequency band, but with a higher power spectral density;

UWB signal has autocorrelation properties quite similar to that of AWGN, so filtering in the frequency domain could be applied.

Scheme for the suppression of NBI

6 of 20

Pre-filter

LNA

LPF VGA ADC

LPF VGA ADC

F

F

T ACF

From SC

( )2 ( )2

eR(n)

yI(n)

NBI To SC

yR(n)

eI(n)

xR(n)

xI(n)

To AGC cos(2fct)

I

Q

sin(2fct)

Scheme for the suppression of NBI

7 of 20

Variable complex digital filter circuit derivation

The composite multiplier, containing is derived:

)sin(cos11 jzz

1

1

1 )21(1

)1()(

z

zzH LP

LS

1

11

1

z

zz

1

1

1 )ˆ21(1

)1(ˆ)(

z

zzH VLP

LS

)()()( Im

1

Re

11 zjHzHzH LSLS

CV

LS

Second-order real coefficient

transfer functions

All of them of BP type, describing a complex digital filter section, which is variable with respect to both the BW (by changing of ) and the central frequency (by changing of ).

First-order complex coefficient

transfer function

f

+̂

.)1ˆ2(cos)1ˆ2(21

sin)ˆ1(2ˆ)()()(

)1β̂2(θcos)1β̂2(21

)1β̂2(θcosβ̂21β̂)()()(

221

1Im

1

221

21Re

1

zz

zzHzHzH

zz

zzzHzHzH

IRRILS

IIRRLS

8 of 20

Variable complex digital filter circuit derivation

)sin(cos11 jzz

1

11

1

z

zz

z -1 +

In +

Out +

In Re

z -1

+

+

Out Re In Im

z -1

+

Out Im

+ cos

sin

sin +

cos +

+ +

Real first-order digital filter section

Complex second-order digital filter section

9 of 20

Variable complex second-order filter

Magnitude and group-delay responses of variable BP complex second-order filter for different values of the central frequency

10 of 20

Variable complex second-order filter

Magnitude, phase and group-delay responses of variable BP complex second-order filter for different values of the bandwidth

11 of 20

For the BP filter we have the following real and imaginary outputs:

and

- when the input signal is

- when the input signal is

For the BS filter we have - real and imaginary outputs:

and

ADAPTIVEALGORITHM

xR(n)SECOND-ORDER

COMPLEXFILTER

++xI(n)

eR(n)

yI(n)

yR(n)

eI(n)

The cost-function is the power of BS filter output signal:

where

The Least Mean Squares (LMS) algorithm is applied to up date the filter coefficient responsible for the central frequency as follows:

is the step size controlling the speed of the convergence;

(*) denotes complex-conjugate;

y(n) is the derivative of y(n) with respect to the coefficient subject of adaptation.

Block-diagram of a versatile adaptive complex narrowband filter

)()()(21nynyny

RRR )()()(

21nynyny

III

);(1ny

R)(

1ny

I)(nx

R

);(2ny

R)(

2ny

I)(nx

I

)()()( nynxneRRR

)()()( nynxneIII

)]()([ nene

)()()( njeneneIR

)]()(Re[)()1( ' nynenn

Adaptive complex second-order filter

12 of 20

Performance evaluation of the NBI suppression scheme via simulations relative to baseband:

Assuming standard MF-OFDM receiver with 3 subbands (as proposed MB-OFDM in the 3.1 – 4.8 GHz band) and IEEE 802.15 3a Channel Model 1.

The NBI interference is modulated with a random frequency appearing in one subband;

Soft decision 4-bit Viterbi decoding was used, thus recovering some of the lost data due to the frequency domain excision.

13 of 20

Results:The simulations showed that for one and the same BER

such NBI cancellation scheme gives more than 2 dB improvement for signal-to-interference ratios below 8 dB.

Drawback of the scheme:Frequency excision is performed over all OFDM

symbols (dehopped over all subbands), nevertheless the fact that the NBI appears only in one.

14 of 20

Better if:Frequency excision is performed not over all symbols but

only on those affected by NBI.

Proposed solution:Instead of one complex adaptive filter section a filter

bank with corresponding switching capabilities and a number of ACF equal to the number of subbands is implemented.

Corresponding ACF to be switched accordingly with the hopping of the carrier frequencies and will process only the OFDM symbols appearing in one and the same frequency sub-band.

15 of 20

Analysis:

Behavior of an ACF, composed of three second-order complex filter sections.

Input interfering signal is composed of three complex sine-signals with frequencies f1=0.25, f2=0.2 and f3=0.15;

Learning curves show that our filter bank is able to detect and to track the input complex sinusoids and can be successfully used for their cancellation.

16 of 20

Learning curves for second-order adaptive complex filter applying different step size

Adaptive complex second-order filter

17 of 20

Learning curves of an ACFB consisting of three second-order complex filter sections

Adaptive complex second-order filter

18 of 20

Advantages of the ACF:

Low computational complexity;

Fast convergence (less than 100 iterations in the example);

Convenience for implementation with CORDIC processors;

The very low sensitivity of the initial LP section ensures a high tuning accuracy.

19 of 20

Another important advantage:

The proposed NBI cancellation scheme is that the adaptive complex notch filter section has also a bandpass output used for monitoring the NBI and switching of the ACF in cases when the NBI vanishes or is reduced to a predetermined level.

20 of 20

THANK YOU!

21 of 20

22 of 20