1 Objectives: 1.To recognize different plant structures 2.To understand different functions of plant structures 3.To learn the terminology used to identify.

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Objectives:Objectives:1. To recognize different plant structures

2. To understand different functions of plant structures

3. To learn the terminology used to identify plant structures

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There is tremendous diversity in the plant

kingdom

Yet, flowering plants have certain

structures and functions in

commonlilly pad

vs.

cactus

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What is yourfavorite plant?

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How wouldyou describethat plant?

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What termswould you use?

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Basic parts of flowering plants are stems, leaves, flowers and roots

Vegetative

Reproductive

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Photosynthesis

Light is intercepted and plant sugars are manufactured

Large flattened surface for maximum absorption of light

energy

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Vein

Midrib

Petiole

Stem

Stipule

9parallel

pinnate

palmate

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bipinnate

pinnate

palmate

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Broad Leaf

Needles

Scale-like

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opposite

alternate

whorled

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linear

lanceolate

ovate

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cordate

obovate

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entire

crenate

dentate

sinuate

serrate

lobed

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FunctionsFunctions• Support leaves and buds,

branches and reproductive structures

• Conduits for transporting water, minerals and manufactured food

• Some are modified for storage

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Two Basic Stem TypesTwo Basic Stem Types

Differ in arrangement of vascular tissue xylem and phloem

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DicotDicot

cambium

phloem

xylem

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MonocotMonocot

cambium

xylem

phloem

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node

internode

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StolonStolon Horizontal stem growing

on soil surface

(strawberry plant)

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RhizomeRhizome

Grows horizontally at or just below soil surface

(iris)

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TuberTuber

Enlarged portion of underground stem

(potato plant)

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FunctionsFunctions• Anchor plant• Nutrient and water

absorption• Food storage• Two basic root

systems:

1. fibrous root

2. tap root

fibrous root

tap root

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FunctionsFunctions

Reproduction

Attract pollinators

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sepal

petal

filamentanther

stigma

style

ovary

pistilStamen

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Perfect and Perfect and Complete FlowersComplete Flowers

• Complete – flower has stamens, pistil, petals and sepals

• Incomplete – one of these four parts is missing

• Perfect – flower has functional stamens and pistil

• Imperfect – stamens or pistil is absent

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31solitary

raceme

spike

umbel

corymb

head

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• Mature ovaryMature ovary• Seeds are ovulesSeeds are ovules• Ovary wall may be Ovary wall may be

fleshyfleshy• Example fruit typesExample fruit types

• pomepome• podpod

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• Matured ovule• Parts

• seed coat – protective coating• embryo – miniature plant• endosperm – food storage organ

embryo area

endosperm

seed coat

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Two cotyledons (seed leaves)Two cotyledons (seed leaves)

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One cotyledon (seed leaf)

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Name the following:

1. Name this venation.

2. Name this leaf attachment.

3. Name this leaf margin.

4. Name this inflorescence.

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Acknowledgements:Acquaah, George. Horticulture: Principles and Practices.

New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999.

Harris, James G. and Melinda Woolf. Plant Identification Terminology: An Illustrated Glossary. Utah: Spring Lake Publishing, 1994.

Northington, David K., Goodin, J.R. The Botanical World. Missouri: C.V. Mosby Company, 1984.

Dirr, Michael A. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses. Illinois: Stipes Publishing Company, 1975.

Still, Steven M. Manual of Herbaceous Ornamental Plants. Illinois: Stipes Publishing Company, 1994.

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Credits:Sandra Balch

Production Coordinator

Jennifer DonaldsonGraphics Editor

Geoff ScottProduction Manager

G.W. DavisExecutive Producer

, MMIVCEV Multimedia, Ltd.