1 Novell NetWare Protocol Stack 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Media Access Protocols (Ethernet, Token Ring, WAN, others) Physical Data Link Network Session Transport Presentation.

Novell NetWare Protocol Stack

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Media Access Protocols(Ethernet, Token Ring, WAN, others)

Physical

Data Link

Network

Session

Transport

Presentation

Application

Novell NetWare Protocols

OSIReference

Model

IPX(Internetwork Packet Exchange)

SPX

SAP

RIPNLSP

NETBIOS APPLICATIONSNCP

Key Novell NetWare Features

– Address is 80 bits (network.node)– Interface MAC address is part of logical

address– Multiple LAN encapsulations per

interface– Default routing protocol is IPX RIP– Novell services are advertised using

SAP – NetWare clients find servers with GNS

packets

Novell IPX Addressing

E0

E1

S0

48 bits (from MAC)

Network.Node

3f.0c56.de34

2c.0c56.de33

Network 4a1d

Network 3f

Network 2c

Up to 32 bits

Novell IPX Addressing

Cisco Encapsulation Types

Novell IPX Name Cisco IOS Name

Token-RingToken-Ring_SNAP

Ethernet

Token Ring

FDDIFDDI_SNAPFDDI_802.2FDDI_Raw

Ethernet_802.3

Ethernet_802.2

Ethernet_II

Ethernet_SNAP

Specify encapsulation when you configure IPX networks

novell-ethersaparpasnap

sapsnap

snapsapnovell-fddi

Written Exercise: IPX Parameter Planning

– Write the IPX addresses and encapsulation types for R3

EncapsulationNetwork Address

R3 Interface Name

S0 hdlcS1 hdlcE1 novell-ether

S0 hdlc

Network b001

E0 SAP

E1

S1

S1 hdlcS0

Network c0b0

Network d100 Network b1b0E0 novell-ether

R3

R4

E1

b1b0c0b0d100

R2

R1

Novell Uses IPX RIP for Routing

– Uses ticks (about 1/18 sec.) and hop count (maximum of 15 hops)

– RIP broadcasts routing information to neighbor routers every 60 seconds, by default

– SAP broadcasts NetWare services information to neighbor routers every 60 seconds, by default

RIP SAPTables

RIP SAPTables

RIP SAPTables

RIP SAPTables

DD CC BB AA

Novell IPX Global Configuration

ipx routing [ node ]Router(config)#

Enables Novell IPX routing

Router(config)# ipx maximum-paths paths

Configures round-robin load sharingover multiple equal metric paths

Default = 1

Router(config)# ipx routing [ node ]

Enables Novell IPX routing

Novell IPX Configuration Example

ipx routingipx maximum-paths 2

interface ethernet 0.1 ipx network 9e encapsulation novell-etherinterface ethernet 0.2 ipx network 6c encapsulation sap interface ethernet 1 ipx network 4a encapsulation sap

interface serial 0 ipx network 1

Interface serial 1 ipx network 3

A

Network 9e

Network 1E0

E1

S0S0

Network 4a

Network 6c

S1 S1

9e.0800.4313.df56 Encapsulation =novell-ether

4a.1234.0000.abcdEncapsulation = sap

6c.0800.1213.13de Encapsulation = sap

Network 3

B

C

Verifying IPX Operation

show ipx interface

show ipx route

show ipx servers

show ipx traffic

Monitoring Commands Troubleshooting Commands

debug ipx routing activity

debug ipx sap activity

ping ipx

Monitoring the Status of an IPX Interface

wg_ro_a#show ipx interface e0Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up IPX address is ABC.00e0.1e5d.ae2f, NOVELL-ETHER [up] Delay of this IPX network, in ticks is 1 throughput 0 link delay 0 IPXWAN processing not enabled on this interface. IPX SAP update interval is 60 seconds IPX type 20 propagation packet forwarding is disabled Incoming access list is not set Outgoing access list is not set IPX helper access list is not set SAP GNS processing enabled, delay 0 ms, output filter list is not set SAP Input filter list is not set SAP Output filter list is not set SAP Router filter list is not set Input filter list is not set Output filter list is not set Router filter list is not set Netbios Input host access list is not set Netbios Input bytes access list is not set Netbios Output host access list is not set Netbios Output bytes access list is not set Updates each 60 seconds aging multiples RIP: 3 SAP: 3 SAP interpacket delay is 55 ms, maximum size is 480 bytes <text omitted>

Monitoring IPX Routing Tables

wg_ro_a#show ipx routeCodes: C - Connected primary network, c - Connected secondary network S - Static, F - Floating static, L - Local (internal), W - IPXWAN R - RIP, E - EIGRP, N - NLSP, X - External, A - Aggregate s - seconds, u - uses, U - Per-user static

2 Total IPX routes. Up to 1 parallel paths and 16 hops allowed.

No default route known.

C ABC (NOVELL-ETHER), Et0R DEF [02/01] via ABC.00e0.1e5d.c860, 40s, Et0

Monitoring IPX Servers

wg_ro_a#show ipx serverCodes: S - Static, P - Periodic, E - EIGRP, N - NLSP, H - Holddown, + = detailU - Per-user static2 Total IPX Servers

Table ordering is based on routing and server info

Type Name Net Address Port Route Hops Itfp 4 fs1 11.0000.0000.0001:0451 4/03 4 Et0p 4 fs2 21.0000.0000.0001:0451 4/03 4 Et0

Monitoring IPX Traffic

wg_ro_a#show ipx trafficSystem Traffic for 0.0000.0000.0001 System-Name: wg_ro_aRcvd: 15 total, 0 format errors, 0 checksum errors, 0 bad hop count, 0 packets pitched, 15 local destination, 0 multicastBcast: 13 received, 6 sentSent: 6 generated, 0 forwarded 0 encapsulation failed, 0 no routeSAP: 1 Total SAP requests, 0 Total SAP replies, 0 servers 1 SAP general requests, 0 ignored, 0 replies 0 SAP Get Nearest Server requests, 0 replies 0 SAP Nearest Name requests, 0 replies 0 SAP General Name requests, 0 replies 0 SAP advertisements received, 0 sent 0 SAP flash updates sent, 0 SAP format errorsRIP: 1 RIP requests, 0 ignored, 0 RIP replies, 2 routes 13 RIP advertisements received, 0 sent 0 RIP flash updates sent, 0 RIP format errorsEcho: Rcvd 0 requests, 0 replies Sent 0 requests, 0 replies 0 unknown: 0 no socket, 0 filtered, 0 no helper 0 SAPs throttled, freed NDB len 0Watchdog: 0 packets received, 0 replies spoofed<text omitted>

Troubleshooting IPX Routing

wg_ro_a#debug ipx routing activityIPX routing debugging is onIPXRIP: positing full update to 3010.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet0 (broadcast)IPXRIP: positing full update to 3000.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet1 (broadcast)IPXRIP: positing full update to 3020.ffff.ffff.ffff via Serial0 (broadcast)IPXRIP: positing full update to 3021.ffff.ffff.ffff via Serial1 (broadcast)IPXRIP: sending update to 3020.ffff.ffff.ffff via Serial0IPXRIP: src=3020.0000.0c03.14d8, dst=3020.ffff.ffff.ffff, packet sent network 3021, hops 1, delay 6 network 3010, hops 1, delay 6 network 3000, hops 1, delay 6IPXRIP: sending update to 3021.ffff.ffff.ffff via Serial1IPXRIP: src=3021.0000.0c03.14d8, dst=3021.ffff.ffff.ffff, packet sent network 3020, hops 1, delay 6 network 3010, hops 1, delay 6 network 3000, hops 1, delay 6IPXRIP: sending update to 3010.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet0IPXRIP: src=3010.aa00.0400.0284, dst=3010.ffff.ffff.ffff, packet sent network 3030, hops 2, delay 7 network 3020, hops 1, delay 1 network 3021, hops 1, delay 1 network 3000, hops 1, delay 1IPXRIP: sending update to 3000.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet1

Troubleshooting IPX SAP

wg_ro_a#debug ipx sap activityIPX service debugging is onwg_ro_a#05:31:18: IPXSAP: positing update to 1111.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet0 (broadcast) (full)05:31:18: IPXSAP: Update type 0x2 len 288 src:1111.00e0.1e5d.ae2f dest:1111.ffff.ffff.ffff(452)05:31:18: type 0x7, ”ps21", 21.0000.0000.0001(451), 2 hops05:31:18: type 0x4, "fs31", 31.0000.0000.0001(451), 2 hops05:31:18: type 0x4, "fs41", 41.0000.0000.0001(451), 2 hops05:31:18: type 0x7, "ps51", 51.0000.0000.0001(451), 2 hopswg_ro_a#

IPX Ping

wg_ro_a# ping ipx 211.0000.0c01.f4cf

Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte IPXcisco Echoes to 211.0000.0c01.f4cf, timeout is 2 seconds.!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (0/5)

8 장 문제 풀이

8 장 문제 풀이

8 장 문제 풀이

8 장 문제 풀이

ipx maximum-path 최대 6 까지 지정할수 있다 ipx maximum-path 최대 6 까지 지정할수 있다

8 장 문제 풀이

8 장 문제 풀이

8 장 문제 풀이

8 장 문제 풀이