1 Nothing Fishy About Nothing Fishy About Evolution: Evolution: Explore biochemical evidence for evolution Adapted from a presentation by Stan Hitomi Monte Vista High School, Danville, CA. Kirk Brown Tracy High School, Tracy, CA. Module based on a kit from Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
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1 Nothing Fishy About Evolution: Nothing Fishy About Evolution: Explore biochemical evidence for evolution Adapted from a presentation by Stan Hitomi Monte.
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1
Nothing Fishy About Evolution:Nothing Fishy About Evolution:Explore biochemical evidence
for evolution
Adapted from a presentation by
Stan HitomiMonte Vista High School, Danville, CA.
Kirk BrownTracy High School, Tracy, CA.
Module based on a kit from Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
2
OutlineOutline
• Overview
• From DNA to Protein
• Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Trees
• Electrophoresis / SDS-PAGE
• Analysis of Fish Proteins
• Extension Activity
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OverviewOverview
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Question addressed in this module:Question addressed in this module:
Can we tell how closely related species are by analyzing their
molecules?
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Hands-on Evolution LabHands-on Evolution Lab
• Get four different fish! (grocery store, canal, pond, ocean; fresh or frozen is OK)
• Isolate total protein from fish muscle• Use polyacrylamide electrophoresis to
separate proteins by size• Analyze protein profiles
from a variety of fish• Compare biochemical
and phylogenetic relationships
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From DNA to ProteinFrom DNA to Protein
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Making ProteinsMaking Proteins
DNADNA: TAC CGA TCG TGA ACT
mRNAmRNA: AUG GCU AGC ACU UGA
ProteinProtein: Met-Ala-Ser-Thr-Stop
TranscriptionTranscription
TranslationTranslation
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Effect of Mutation Effect of Mutation on Proteinon Protein
DNADNA: TAC CGA TCG TGA ACT
mRNAmRNA: AUG GCU AGC ACU UGA
ProteinProtein: Met-Ala-Ser-Thr-Stop
TranscriptionTranscription
TranslationTranslation
C
G
Gly
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StructuralStructural Effects of Mutation Effects of Mutation on Proteinson Proteins
• Range of possible effects
– Change one amino acid
– Change many amino acids
– Shorten a protein
– Lengthen a protein
– Remove a protein
– Add a protein
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FunctionalFunctional Effects of Mutation Effects of Mutation on Proteinson Proteins
• Range of possible effects– Abolish function– Slightly alter function– Generate new function– No effect on function
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Levels of Protein StructureLevels of Protein Structure
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Taxonomy and Taxonomy and Phylogenetic TreesPhylogenetic Trees
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Traditional Systematics and Traditional Systematics and TaxonomyTaxonomy