1 MHS 5340 Foundations of Career Development James P. Sampson, Jr. Florida State University Evolution of Work, Mental Health, Family, Education, and Leisure
Dec 16, 2015
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MHS 5340Foundations of Career Development
James P. Sampson, Jr.
Florida State University
Evolution of Work, Mental Health, Family, Education, and Leisure
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Why work?
• Economic
• Social
• Psychological
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Past, Present, & Future Trends
• Hunter-gatherer model– Men hunted, women gathered
• Agrarian / Agricultural model– Tools needed to work farms
– Trade became popular
• Class development– Landowners vs. laborers
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Past, Present, & Future Trends
• Class development– Middle class composed of merchants
and very skilled craftsmen
– Professions develop• Clergy• Medicine• Law
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Past, Present, & Future Trends
• Children– Eldest son enters father’s occupation
– Other sons enter varied occupations
– Daughters become wives and care for children as well as work in the home and often work in the family business
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Past, Present, & Future Trends
• Industrial Revolution– Movement of workers from farms to
cities• Self-employment to working for others
– Difficulty with career development in new trades• Families less helpful in guiding children• Family influence strong in deterministic
society
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Past, Present, & Future Trends
• Immigrants– New groups wanted to reinvent
themselves in America– Commonality of achievement motivation– Needed education – Ability to read & write supports vibrant
middle class– Still needed vocational guidance
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Past, Present, & Future Trends
• Frank Parsons (1908) – Leader in social reform movement
– Innovative practitioner and theorist
– Three-part model of decision making• Self knowledge• Occupational knowledge• True reasoning
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Past, Present, & Future Trends
• W W I– Tests developed for selection of
soldiers and officers
– Aptitude tests created
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Past, Present, & Future Trends
• School guidance and work– Education and economic
achievement at work allows upward mobility in social class• unprecedented social development
– Guidance programs• Vocational education• College selection
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Past, Present, & Future Trends
• W W II– Women moved into work force
vacated by men– Women didn’t want to stop working
after war – valued independence– Rise of women’s movement– Soldiers needed counseling for “shell
shock” (now PTSD)
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Past, Present, & Future Trends
• W W II– Soldiers needed career counseling for
college major choice for post-military careers
• Sputnik (1957)– Russians launch 1st satellite– Americans surprised and embarrassed– Counselors encouraged to “guide” students
into math and engineering careers
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Past, Present, & Future Trends
• Alternative ways to work– Permanent full-time– Part-time– Flextime– Overtime– Shift work– Multiple jobs
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Past, Present, & Future Trends
• Alternative ways to work– Job sharing– Telecommuting– Independent contractor, Self-employment,
Freelancer or Consultant– Contingent workforce
• Outsourcing, temporary services, on-call workers, interns, co-ops
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Past, Present, & Future Trends
• Career Education integrates the school, community and employers
• Human Resource Development emerges among private, not-for-profit, and public sector employers
• School-to-Work movement emerges from the career education movement
• One-Stop Centers integrate public employment, training, and social services in one location
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Problems of Unemployment
• Admundson & Borgen:– Job loss and grieving process
• denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
– Job search / burnout• enthusiasm, stagnation, frustration,
apathy, and further depression
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Work Adjustment Counseling
• Work Adjustment Counseling integrates mental health counseling and career counseling– Problems working with fellow employees– Problems relating to supervisors– Problems in job performance not related to
skills– Chronic unemployment
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Employee Assistance Programs
• Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) initiated to cope with substance abuse on the job:– Absenteeism
– Poor/unsafe performance
• EAP’s now handle any problem that interferes with work
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Employee Assistance Programs
• EAP issues:– Health problems
– Family
– Work addiction
– Anxiety
– Depression
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Employee Assistance Programs
• Service delivery:– In-house (company EAP)
– Referral (contract out to EAP firm)
• Less expensive to provide EAP service than to hire and train a new worker
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Systems Approach to Career
• A system of interrelated factors affect Career Development
• Three levels:– I. World events (war, economics)
– II. Culture
– III. Elements of work, family, education / training, and leisure
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Systems Approach
• World and economic events may affect work, family, education, and leisure
• Interventions in one life role affect other life roles
• Be aware of client’s culture when considering his/her system of work, family, education, leisure
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Leisure
• Hard work highly valued
• This century has seen increase in leisure time
• Better leisure = better work
• People don’t always make good leisure choices
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Types of Leisure
• Blocker & Siegal
– Complementary
– Supplementary
– Compensatory
• Supplementary and Compensatory can be the same activity
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Contributions of Leisure
• Challenge
• Support
• Structure
• Feedback
• Application
• Integration
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Homework Assignment #2
• What are your leisure activities?
• What types of leisure are they?– complementary, supplemental,
compensatory
• What contribution does your leisure give you?
For Additional Information
www.career.fsu.edu/techcenter/
Thank You
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