1 MCF 304: Bank Management Lecture 1.1 Structure of Financial Systems in Malaysia
Dec 24, 2015
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Structure of Financial Systems in Malaysia
• Financial System (FS) acts as a mechanism to transfer excess fund from to those who need them
• The Malaysian FS structure can be divided into three parts;
i. Banking systemii. Non-bank financial intermediariesiii. Financial markets
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Banking System
• Bank Negara Malaysia
• Banking Institutions
i. Commercial banks
ii. Finance companies
iii. Merchant banks
iv. Islamic banks
• Discount Houses• Representative office of
foreign banks• Labuan off-shore banks
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Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries
• Employee Provident Fund & Pension Fund
• Insurance & Takaful companies
• Development Financial Institutions (FI)
i. SME Bankii. Agro Bank
• Savings Institutionsi. Bank Simpanan
Nasionalii. Co-operatives
associationsiii. Unit Trustsiv. Lembaga Urusan
Tabung Haji
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Financial Markets
• Money Market & Foreign Exchange Market
• Capital Market
i. Equity market
ii. Bond market
• Derivatives Market / Off Shore Market
i. Labuan Off Shore
ii. Foreign Finance Authority
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Banking System
• Financial intermediaries linking financial institutions and individuals with excess fund and financial institutions and individuals with shortage fund
• The Central Bank (BNM) regulates and control the banking system
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Banking System
Central Bank
Commercial Banks& Finance Companies
Merchant Banks & Discount Houses
Islamic BanksOffshore Banks &
Representative Office of Foreign Banks
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Central Bank (Bank Negara Malaysia)
• Main Objectivesi. Supply currency, acts as custodian of banks reserves
& controller of the currency valueii. Government’s banker and financial adviseriii. Ensure financial stability & strong financial
structureiv. Commercial bank’s bankerv. Control & influence the country’s credit situation to
ensure a stable economic growth rate
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Central Bank
• Control & influence the country’s credit situation to ensure a stable economic growth rate
i. Statutory reserves requirementii. Minimum liquidity requirementiii. Open market operationiv. Discount operationsv. Interest rate controlvi. Credit control & lending guidelinesvii. Moral persuasion
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Commercial Banks
• Accepting deposits for current, deposits, savings and other similar accounts
• Making payments to collect cheques written or paid by customers
• Other businesses as permitted by the Cental Bank / MOF
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Role & Importance of Commercial Banks
• Creating money
• Providing payment mechanism
• Collect savings
• Providing credits
• Financing international trades
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Example;Creating Money
• Bank X gives A an overdraft of 200 to purchase a radio. A paid the vendor
• Vendor bank in the 200 in Bank B
• Bank B keep 20% as reserves and lend the balance
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Example;Creating Money
Radio vendors deposit = 200
Furniture vendor deposit = 200 x (80/100) = 160
Spare parts vendor deposits = 200 x (80/100)2 = 128
And so on ……
P = original value of deposits
r = bank’s reserve ratio
Total Deposits =
P[1/r]
= 200 x [(1/20)/100]
= 1000
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Finance Companies
• Accepting deposits for deposits accounts and other similar accounts
• Provide lending, leasing, hire-purchase
• Other business as permitted by central bank / MOF
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Merchant Bank
• Accepting deposits for deposits accounts and other similar accounts
• Provide consultancy and advisory services related to corporate and investment matters
• Create / manage investment for other parties
• Other business as permitted by central bank / MOF
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Other Banking System
• Islamic Banks- commercial banks operating under the islamic laws which forbidden the element of usury
• Discount Houses- financial intermediaries dealing specifically with short term investors and borrowers
• Labuan Offshore Banks- commercials banks which operates in financial offshore centers and permitted to operates in any currencies except of local currencies
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Non-Banking Financial Intermediary System
• Matching the parties with excess and shortage of funds
• Non-banking financial intermediary system is under the direct control of various government department and agencies
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Non-Banking Financial Intermediary System
Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries
Institutions of Development Finance
Provident & Pension Funds
Other Non-Bank Financial Institutions
Savings Institutions Insurance Companies
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Institutions of Development Finance
• Specific purpose of providing medium and long term capital, as well as mobilizing savings, economic activities and expertise with an aim to promote investment in the industrial and agricultural sectors
• The role of institutions of development finance complement the services offered by commercial banks and financial companies
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Non-Banking Financial Intermediary System
Savings Institutions- Institutions which
promote and mobilize savings of the middle and lower income group
- Depends mostly on network of branches to collect huge amount of savings
• Co-operatives
- A society that aims to improve its members interest through co-operatives principles
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Non-Banking Financial Intermediary System
Provident & Pension Fund
- Collect fund from workers and providing them with funds for retirement
Insurance Companies- Funds collected as
insurance premiums from policy holders for protection against calamities
- Two types of insurance business; (i) Life, & (ii) General
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Non-Banking Financial Intermediary System
• Unit Trust Companies
• Housing Credit Institutions
• Leasing & Factoring Companies
• Venture Capital Companies
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Financial Markets:Money Market
• Trading ground between banks and those with short term money
• Trading of short term financial instruments quoted in RM
• The operations of money market consist of three categories;
i. Placement of time & fixed depositsii. Commercial financingiii. Buying & selling of money market financial papers
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Money Market
Financial Instruments
- Treasury Bills- Government Investment
Certificates- Bankers Acceptance- (Floating Rate) /
Negotiable Certificates of Deposits
Money Markets- Primary Market:
depositing in FI’s- Secondary Market: FI’s
trade deposits among themselves
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Financial Markets
Foreign Exchange Market- Trading of short term
financial instruments quoted in foreign currencies
- Two types of markets; (i) spot exchange market and (ii) forward market
Capital Market- Trading of shares /
securities- Two types of markets;
(i) primary markets, and (ii) secondary markets
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Thank You!Izdihar Baharin @ Md Daud
Post Graduate CentreHP: 006019-5170817
Email: [email protected]